Dynaflow Lectures - March 26th 2009

Fiberglass Pipe Systems

Agenda
Standards, very different markets.
Why should we choose for Glassfibre Reinforced.
materials for piping systems.
Product Ranges and Methods of Construction.
Jointing Methods.
Prefabrication.
Design.

Examples of very different markets

Drainage / Sewerage systems

Industrial piping

GRP used in very different markets

Drainage / Sewerage systems

Industrial piping

GRP used in very different markets

Drainage / Sewerage systems

Industrial piping

Low pressure.

Medium High pressure.

Main focus:

Main focus:

Need to withstand soil and

traffic loads

Need to pump from A to B

and want to know under
what (safety) conditions

Stability in hoop direction,

pipe stiffness.

System integrity.

GRP used in very different markets

Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads

Example of standards:
AWWA M45 / C950
EN 1796
EN 14364
ISO TR 10465

Need to pump from A to B

and want to know under
what (safety) conditions
Example of standards:
ASME B31.3
UKOOA
ISO 14692

GRP used in very different markets

Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads

Example of standards:
AWWA M45 / C950
EN 1796
EN 14364
ISO TR 10465

Need to pump from A to B

and want to know under
what (safety) conditions
Example of standards:
ASME B31.3
UKOOA
ISO 14692

GRP EN 1796
Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads
EN 1796
Title:
Plastics piping systems for
water supply with or without
pressure Glass-reinforced
thermosetting plastics (GRP)
based on unsaturated polyester
resin.

GRP EN 1796
Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads

GRP EN 1796
Need to withstand soil and traffic
loads
EN 1796, characteristics:
Pipe:
Verification of long-term properties (Stiffness, PN).
Joints:
Verification of initial sealing.
Fittings:
No verification on PN.

GRP EN ISO 14692

Need to pump from A to B and
want to know under what (safety)
conditions
ISO 14692.
Title:
Petroleum and natural gas
industries Glass-reinforced
plastics (GRP) piping.

GRP EN ISO 14692

pump from A to B and know
under what (safety) conditions

GRP EN ISO 14692

pump from A to B and know
under what (safety) conditions
ISO 14692, characteristics:
Pipe:
Verification of long-term properties (PN, hoop & axial strength).
Joints & Fittings:
Verification of long-term
properties (as strong as pipe).
Pipe system:
Assessment of integrity of pipe
system based on known hoop and
axial strength.

GRP EN ISO 14692

pump from A to B and know under what (safety) conditions

=
Know the strength of installed pipeline

GRP EN ISO 14692

Know the strength of installed pipeline

I.

Strength of components
ISO 14692 - part 2

:Qualification.
Design Envelope

II.

Strength of pipe system

ISO 14692 - part 3

:System Design.
Site Quality PLan

III.

Installation of pipe system

ISO 14692 - part 4

:Training & Qualification.

GRP EN ISO 14692

Design Envelope

ASTM D 2992-96
FPI AD, Wavistrong serie EST, ID 150 mm pipe PL/PL, 65C, pressure, TUV

1000,0

Long-term envelope

pressure (barg)

Mean

100,0

LCL

LPL

Data

2:1 load condition

10,0
1,00E+00

1,00E+01

1,00E+02

1,00E+03

time (hrs)

Axial stress

2:

Hoop stress

d
a
o
1l

ion
t
i
nd
o
c

1,00E+04

1,00E+05

1,00E+06

GRP EN ISO 14692

Design Envelope

ASTM D 2992-96
FPI AD, Wavistrong serie EST, ID 150 mm pipe PL/PL, 65C, pressure, TUV

1000,0

pressure (barg)

Mean

Long-term envelope
Design envelope

Axial stress

2:

Hoop stress

d
a
o
1l

100,0

LCL

LPL

Data

2:1 load condition

10,0
1,00E+00

1,00E+01

1,00E+02

1,00E+03

time (hrs)

ion
t
i
nd
o
c

f2

1,00E+04

1,00E+05

1,00E+06

GRP EN ISO 14692

Design Envelope

Long-term envelope

Axial stress

Axial stress

Design envelope

Hoop stress

f2

GRP EN ISO 14692

Design Envelope

Long-term envelope

Increase wall
thickness!

Axial stress

Axial stress

Design envelope

Hoop stress

f2

Internal Pressure
+

X Bending

GRP EN ISO 14692

Design Envelope

Long-term envelope

Axial stress

Axial stress

Design envelope

Hoop stress

Internal Pressure
+

f2

f2= 0.67

X
9Bending

GRP EN ISO 14692

Know the strength of installed pipeline

I.

Strength of components
ISO 14692 - part 2

:Qualification.
Design Envelope

II.

Strength of pipe system

ISO 14692 - part 3

:System Design.
Site Quality PLan

III.

Installation of pipe system

ISO 14692 - part 4

:Training & Qualification.

GRP EN ISO 14692

Site Quality Plan

Site Quality Plan, describing:

Installation instructions.

Training + Qualification.

Installation in accordance with system design (isometrics)

QC.

GRP EN ISO 14692

Site Quality Plan

Site Quality Plan, describing:

Installation instructions.

Training + Qualification.

Installation in accordance with system design (isometrics)

QC.

GRP EN ISO 14692

Site Quality Plan

Site Quality Plan, describing:

Installation instructions.

Training + Qualification.

Installation in accordance with system design (isometrics)

QC.

Conclusion
Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads

Example of standards:
AWWA M45 / C950
EN 1796
EN 14364
ISO TR 10465

Need to pump from A to B

and want to know under
what (safety) conditions
Example of standards:
ASME 31.3
UKOOA
ISO 14692

Conclusion
Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads

Need to pump from A to B

and want to know under
what (safety) conditions

Assessment of
hoop stability
(Soil & Traffic Loads)

Assessment of
integrity of pipe system.

AWWA M45

ISO 14692

Revision of
ISO 14692

Application of Glass Fibre Reinforced Pipes

Why?

Why not?

What do I buy?..... FRP, RTRP, GRE

Glass, brittle at low temps.
Standards?
Dimensions
Material Properties
Calculations
Joints, Glue??
Degeneration of properties in time

Why so?

No corrosion
No corrosion allowance
No cathodic protection
Long live (50 years design)
Light weight
Smooth walls, low friction
Mechanical properties,
Flexible,
Safe failure behaviour
Safe joints
Adhesive bonded
Mechanical, RSLJ, Key Lock.Tee-kay
Standards, ISO 14692

Product Ranges
Wavistrong

Red Box
Yellow Box

Fiberstrong

Fiberstrong

Material
Epoxy

Material
Epoxy

Material
Polyester

Material
Vinylester

Size Range
25 to 1600mm

Size Range
2 to 16

Size Range
25 to 4000mm

Size Range
25 to 4000mm

Pressure range
Up to 70 Bar

Pressure range
Up to 3,500 psi

Pressure range
Up to 20 Bar

Pressure range
Up to 20 Bar

Temperature
-60C to +110C

Temperature
-65C to +100C

Temperature
+65C

Temperature
+85C

Materials & Methods of Construction

Considerations

Tensile Stress

Fibre

FRP Composite

Resin

Strain

Properties of the fibre

Properties of the resin

Ratio of fibre to resin

Geometry of fibres

Materials of Construction
Glass Fibres

C Glass / C Veil: Chemically resistant glass

E Glass: Structurally strong

Continuous roving for pipe construction

Rolled matting for field lamination

Materials of Construction
Fibre orientation & fibre volume fraction

Chopped
Strand

Woven
Mat

Filament
Wound

Materials of Construction
Resin Systems
Ult Tensile
Strength

Failure
Elastic Deformation

Tensile Stress

Considerations
Good mechanical properties
properties
Good chemical properties
(liner)
Good resistance to
environmental degradation

Plastic Deformation

Strain (%)

Strain to failure

Materials of Construction
Types of Resins
Polyester

Epoxy

-ABABABAS
S
S
-ABABABA-

Vinylester
-ABAAAA-BA-

Epoxy Molecule

Catalyst
Styrene
Ester groups

Amine Molecule

Hardener
No styrene
No ester groups

S
S
-ABAAAA-BA-

Other resins:
Phenolics, Cynate Esters, Silicones, Polurethanes, Bismaleimides, Polymides

Continuous wound - sizes 300 to 4000 mm diam.

Continuous Wound - FIBERSTRONG

Chopped
glass
fibres

Pure
SilicaSan
d

Chopped
Strand

Glass fibres
Infrared
curing

FIBERSTRONG - GRP / GRV Wall Structure

Exterior surface
Structural wall (2)
Pipe core
E Underground applications
Structural wall (1)
Liner back-up
Inner liner

FIBERSTRONG - Test Procedure

u
o
y
If

e
k
a
m

g
i
b
ry
e
v
a

?
?
e
pip

FIBERSTRONG - Scope of Supply

Pressure classes : PN 1, 3, 6, 10, 12, 16, 20

Stiffness classes : SN 2500, 5000, 10000
Size range
: 350 mm to 4000 mm
Temperature range: -40 C 85 C
Installation type : Above ground / Underground
Design type
: Restrained / Unrestrained

FIBERSTRONG Jointing types

Laminated Joint 25mm to 4000mm

Double Bell Coupler 50mm to 4000mm

FIBERSTRONG
Applications

River & seawater intakes &

outfalls
Gravity sewer lines
Jacking & microtunneling
WWT plant underground piping
Irrigation main lines

Helical Wound - WAVISTRONG

Helical Wound diameters 25 1600 mm

Filament
Wound

WAVISTRONG Production Process

WAVISTRONG
GRE Wall Structure
0.3 mm epoxy coating .........
E-glass wall ....................
0.5 mm Resin Liner .......

Resin Glass
100%
30%
70%

0%
70%
30%

E(CR)-glass
C-glass

54
Test Pressure = 1.5 x design
Safety Factor = 2 x design
Weep Pressure = 4 x design

Standard Jointing Methods

LB/LS (rubber seal joint) / FB/LS (rubber seal lock

joint)
50mm to 1400mm

CB/CS (taper/straight) / TB/TS (taper/taper)

25mm to 600mm

Standard Jointing Methods

Laminated Joint - 25mm to

4000mm

Flange Joints to DIN & ANSI - 25mm to

4000mm

WAVISTRONG - Scope of Supply

Pressure classes
Size range
Temperature range
Installation type
Design type

: PN 8, 10, 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50

: 25mm to 1600mm
: From -40 C to 110 C
: Above ground / Underground
: Restrained / Unrestrained

WAVISTRONG - Applications

Crude oil
Cooling water
Fire fighting
CO2 lines
Water injection lines
Well head tubing
Potable water
Sewer lines

WAVISTRONG Fittings

Laminated elbow

Prefabrication (Spools)

Utilisation of Prefabricated Spools

Effluent lines BP U.K.

Utilisation of Prefabricated Spools

Cooling water ID 800 mm Degussa Antwerp

Design of pipe systems: Testing

Design of pipe systems

Failure of pipe wall needs time

Long term testing
ASTM 2992 B
Regression curve
Test Pressure
Safety Factor
Weep Pressure

: 1.5 x design
: 2 x design
: 4 x design

Long term testing acc. ASTM 2992-B

System design

E-modulus

Support spans
Expansion forces

F = E x A x x T
10 times less than steel

Poisson Ratio

Expansion by pressure

Expansion coeficient

Allowable stresses (Design Envelope)

= P x D / 2t

Isotrope (steel) vs anisotrope (GRE)

Safety factors (ASME B31.3, UKOOA, ISO 14692)