ChE 133 WDE/FUV

1st Semester A.Y. 2016-2017 Jovellana

Dry Lab 02 Extended Surfaces, NTU-Effectiveness
Method, and Heat Transfer with Phase Change
Solve the following problems completely. Box the final answers.
1. One method that is used to grow nanowires (nanotubes with
solid cores) is to initially deposit a small droplet of a liquid
catalyst onto a flat surface. The surface and catalyst are heated
and simultaneously exposed to a higher-temperature, lowpressure gas that contains a mixture of chemical species from
which the nanowire is to be formed. The catalytic liquid slowly
absorbs the species from the gas through its top surface and
converts these to a solid material that is deposited onto the
underlying liquid-solid interface, resulting in construction of the
nanowire. The liquid catalyst remains suspended at the tip of
the nanowire. Consider the growth of a 15-nm-diameter silicon
carbide (k = 30 W/m-K) nanowire onto a silicon carbide surface.
The surface is maintained at a temperature of Ts = 2400 K, and
the particular liquid catalyst that is used must be maintained
between 2400 K and 3000 K to perform its function. Determine
the maximum length of a nanowire that may be grown for
conditions characterized by h = 105 W/m2-K and T = 8000 K.
Assume properties of the nanowire are the same as for bulk
silicon carbide.

2. A heat recovery device involves transferring energy from the

hot flue gases passing through an annular region to pressurized
water flowing through the inner tubes of the annulus. The inner
tube has inner and outer diameters of 24 and 30 mm and is
connected by eight struts to an insulated outer tube of 60-mm
diameter. Each strut is 3 mm thick and is integrally fabricated
with the inner tube from carbon steel (k = 50 W/m-K). Consider
conditions for which water at 300 K flows through the inner tube
at 0.161 kg/s while flue gases at 800 K flow through the
annulus, maintaining a convection coefficient of 100 W/m2-K on
both the struts and the outer surface of the inner tube. What is
the rate of heat transfer per unit length of tube from gas to the
water? For water at 300 K, k = 0.613 W/m-K, Pr = 5.83, =
855(10-6) N-s/m2. Use Dittus-Boelter equation for hi.

3. Hot exhaust gases, which enter a finned-tube, cross-flow

heat exchanger at 300C and leave at 100C, are used to heat
pressurized water at a flow rate of 1 kg/s from 35 to 125C. The
overall heat transfer coefficient based on the gas-side surface
area is Uh = 100 W/m2-K. Determine the required gas-side
surface area Ah using the NTU method. For water, use Cp =
4197 J/kg-K. Given is the graph for determining the
effectiveness of a single-pass, cross-flow heat exchanger with
both fluids unmixed.

4. Benzene is to be condensed at the rate of 1.25 kg/s in a

vertical shell and tube type of heat exchanger fitted with tubes
of 25 mm outside diameter and 2.5 m long. The vapor
condenses on the outside of the tubes and the cooling water
enters at 295 K and passes through the tubes at 1.05 m/s.
Calculate the number of tubes required if the heat exchanger is
arranged for a single pass of the cooling water. The tube wall
thickness is 1.6 mm. At 101.3 kPa, benzene condenses at 353
K at which the latent heat is 394 kJ/kg. The maximum water
outlet temperature to minimize scaling is 320 K, but a safer
value of 300 K is to be selected. Also, calculate U based on
LMTD calculations and based on interphase heat transfer
calculations (neglect scale and fouling resistances for this case).
-For a more accurate determination of U, the simplified equation
for water in tubes may be used, where T is the average of the
inlet and outlet water temperatures, and for inside flow of
water: hi = 4280(0.00488T 1)v0.8/di0.2 W/m2-K
-For the steel pipe wall, k = 45 W/m-K.
-For the outside condensation on vertical tubes:
ho(2/k32g)0.33 = 1.47(4M/)-0.33
-The wall temperature is approximately 0.5(353+297.5) =
325.25 K, and the benzene film temperature will be taken as
0.5(353+325.25) = 339.125 K. At 339.125 K, for benzene, k =
0.15 W/m-K, = 880 kg/m3, and = 0.35 cP. The mass flow
rate of benzene per tube, G is equal to the mass flow rate of
benzene divided by the number of tubes. In the correlation for
outside condensation on vertical tubes, M = (G/(pi)do).