Layer 3 Routing

Prepared By:
Nick Sandoval
Field Application Engineer
April 13, 2013

Table of Contents
I. Prerequisites: ....................................................................................... 2
II. Layer 3 Switches............................................................................... 2
A.
B.
C.

InterVLAN Routing ................................................................................................................... 3

Static Routing............................................................................................................................. 7
Dynamic Routing ....................................................................................................................... 9

III. Routing with the EDR .................................................................... 11

A.
B.
C.
D.

Routing between two ports ...................................................................................................... 11

Routing with more than 1 Router ............................................................................................. 13
Setting up Static Routing ......................................................................................................... 13
Dynamic Routing ..................................................................................................................... 14

IV. Advanced Routing Lab: .................................................................. 14

V. Troubleshooting Tips: ..................................................................... 15

I.

Prerequisites:

-Install EDS Search Utility

http://www.moxa.com/support/download.aspx?type=support&id=908

II.

-A firm understanding of IP addressing and the OSI model is required to successfully

complete this lab.

Layer 3 Switches

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A.

InterVLAN Routing

Exercise: Setup the following

Procedure:
1. Setup VLANs
a. First log in into the Moxa switch using a web browser like Internet Explorer by
typing in the IP address of the switch in
the URL field in the web browser.
Alternatively, the EDS Search utility
can be used. Keep in mind that the computer being used to access the switch
must belong to the same network as the switch in order for both devices to
communicate.
b. When the switchs web interface loads, there is a prompt for the account and
password. By default there is no passwords, so you can simply click in Login
without entering any additional information.

c. Once logged in, there will be configuration options listed on the left side. Select
Virtual VLAN option to expand this field and then click on VLAN settings.

Note that under the port column, the first number indicates the module and the
second number that is after the dash shows the port number for that module. In
this example, ports 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 (all in module 1) have been configured as
an Access port type, and thus are connected with VLAN unaware devices such
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as most LAPTOPs. Devices that are VLAN unaware do not have the ability to
send tagged frames required for 802.1q based VLANs.

d. As these access ports are configured with PVID 10, any VLAN unaware devices
connected to ports 1-1, 1-2 or 1-3 will belongs to VLAN 10 and communicate to
any devices belonging to the VLAN 10 group without routing.
e. Port 1-4, 1-5, 1-6 have been configured with Access port type with VLAN
20(PVID 20).
f. In the VLAN Table, all settings from the previous slide can be confirmed. This
table shows that the switch has been set up for two VLANs segments, VLAN 10
and VLAN 20.

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2. Setup IP Interfaces for each VLAN

a. First go to the Layer 3 settings and then IP interface

b. Second, select 10 in VLAN IDs drop down menu, for VLAN 10. Then assign
IP address of 10.0.0.254 with subnet mask 255.0.0.0, for example. This IP
address serves any host in the IP network address 10.X.X.X.
c. Enter a interface name of your choice but we choose 10.X.X.X for simplicity.
This name is completely arbitrary is only used to make it easier to administrate.
d. The same configuration applies on VLAN 20 where an appropriate IP Interface
address is chosen and is based on the network that VLAN20 belongs to.
3. Verify the routing table

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4. Configure the laptops as shown

Static IP Parameters and Jargon

Route
A path used for a network routing

Next hop
The IP address of the next router that must be
traversed in order to get to the end destination

Network or Destination Address

First IP address of network range

Subnet Mask
The mask that defines the network and host identifiers
given an IP

Metric
A parameter that determines the priority of a route and
used for deciding between multiple entries in routing

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B.

Static Routing

1. First, two VLANs need to be

created
with
its
own
Interfaces on Layer 3 Switch
1.
As illustrated, the Interface
name of 192.168.1.X with IP
interface
address
192.168.1.100 / 24 for VLAN
10 are created.
Also the
interface
name
of
192.168.2.X with IP interface
address
192.168.2.100 / 24 for VLAN
2.

Similarly, we want to go to the

second switch to create two
VLans.
Create the Interface name of
192.168.2.X with IP interface
address 192.168.2.200 / 24 for
VLAN 20.
Also created is the interface name
of 192.168.3.X with IP interface
address 192.168.3.200 / 24 for
VLAN 30.

3. Now to setup a static route.

This static route map will force all
traffic be forwarded to the next
hop. The next hop will most likely
comprise of another router that
will take over the routing.
The routing metric is the
number of routing hops (Routers
or Layer 3 switches) to a
destination.
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20

on

Layer

switch

is

created.

On Switch 1, type in the remote network of 192.168.3.0 with a netmask of

255.255.255.0 with next hop of 192.168.2.200. This hop is also the interface with
VLAN 20 on switch 2. This would enable IP routing from any host from 192.168.1.0
(Network ID) to the Destination Node located in 192.168.3.0 (Network ID). With the
Metric 2, it means from 192.168.1.X to 192.168.3.X, it require cross two hops (layer 3
switches) to the destination. You can choose to have the value of 10 each time
routing cross one hop. In this case, you can type 20 in Metric field for reaching
destination Node 192.168.3.0.
Additional Notes:
Each of these packets contains both the sender's Internet address and the receiver's
address. Any packet is sent first to a gateway computer that understands a small part
of the Internet. The gateway computer reads the destination address and forwards the
packet to an adjacent gateway that in turn reads the destination address and so forth
across the Internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a
computer within its immediate neighborhood or domain. That gateway then forwards
the packet directly to the computer whose address is specified.

4.
For switch 2, the Destination
Address
of
192.168.1.0,
netmask 255.255.255.0, next
hop 192.168.2.100 with Metric
2 is configured. Notice that we
configure network or subnet
addresses,
not
node
addresses. This means that
any
node
located
in
192.168.3.X need to send
packets to the node in
192.168.1.X.
The data will be routed to
192.168.2.0 subnet and then
forward to 192.168.2.100
which is an interface of
switch 1.
Then the Layer 3 switch 1
will route the Packets to its
directly connected network
of 192.168.1.0 to the dest.
node.
5. After manually configuring
the static route on switch 1
and switch 2 respectively,
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we could physically connect a 192.168.3.X device to the VLAN 30 network. The

Network ID for a VLAN 30 network is 192.168.3.0.
After configuring this, we can then check the routing entry created by static routing on
the routing table to see if the configuration is applied successfully.
As shown in the All Routing Entry List located in the switch, shows that static route
was configured correctly on switch 1 as we can see the entry.
6. This is the routing table on
switch 2.

C.

Dynamic Routing

1. Follow the same steps as static routing except do no add static routes.
a. Setup VLANs
b. Setup IP interface for each VLAN
2. For Switch 1:

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3.

4. Verify the routing table to see if the router is learning routes from connected routers.
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III.

Routing with the EDR

A.

Routing between two ports

Setup an IP for both interfaces

1. Login into the switch by typing in the
default IP address of 192.168.127.254 into your web browser.
2. Change the IP address of the WAN port by clicking on NetworkInterfaceWAN1. Under
connection type, specify Static. For the IP, enter 190.1.1.2

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3. Change the IP address of the router by clicking on NetworkInterfaceLAN. Change the IP

address to 192.168.1.2/24.

4. Change the IP address of your computer so that it is in the same network as the router. For this
demo, change it to 192.1.1.1/24 Do not forget to make to choose the gateway of your PC to the
routers LAN IP which is 192.1.1.2.

5. Thats it, the router automatically traffic from the LAN port to the WAN once you setup the IP
address of the ports. This can be tested by pinging a PC connected on the WAN from the LAN.

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B.

Routing with more than 1 Router

2 Basic Steps for Routers
1. Setup the interfaces
2. Setup routes

C.

Setting up Static Routing

If there are several networks, then you need to use routing. You can either use Static or
Dynamic routing to accomplish this.
1. Follow the same steps found in: Routing between two ports to setup the ports. Choose the IP
addresses on the diagram.
2. In the Menu, choose RoutingStatic Route. Enter the desired address to add in the address
table as well as the Next Hop. The Next Hop is the address of the router that is needed to get
there. In this case, to get to the network 192.168.1.0/24, the router on the left needs to go
through the router on the right, therefore the router on the left needs to go to 2.1.1.2, this is the
next hop. The Metric chooses the priority level. The lower the metric, the higher the priority
that route takes. When all the data is entered, click on Add, then click on Activate.

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D.

Dynamic Routing

Using Dynamic Routing is by far the easiest way to setup Routing.

1. Follow the same steps found in: Routing between two ports to setup the ports. Choose the IP
addresses on the diagram.
2. Click on RoutingRIP. Enable RIP and choose the appropriate ports that will have routers
with RIP enabled.

3. That is it, it is this easy. To see all the routes the router learned, check the routing table by
clicking on RoutingRouting Table.

IV.

Advanced Routing Lab:

Team up with the team next to you and setup this setup:
2.1.1.5/30

2.1.1.2/30
2.1.1.1/30

2.1.1.9/30
2.1.1.10/30

2.1.1.6/30
EDR

L3
EDS

L3
1.1.1.1/24

3.1.1.1/24

3.1.1.5/24

1.1.1.5/24

Scenario: Connect as follows: Layer 3 switchRouterRouterLayer 3 switch with host PCs on

each end. Try communication between the PCs. Do you want to prove you are a routing guru, if so,
try setting this up with static routing first.
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V.

Troubleshooting Tips:

1. Dont forget your gateway on your PC

2. Be careful of the subnet masks and the routing method of choice
3. Test by pinging one interface at a time. This will allow you to discover where the failures is rather
quickly
4. The routing table on the routers is very valuable in determining if routes are configured correctly
5. The command tracert can be used in command prompt on a PC to see all hops and analyze
failures. Here is an example:

Congratulations, you have completed this training course.

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