CE 6306 / Strength of Materials

Mechanical Engineering

2016-17

UNIT I STESS,STRAIN AND DEFORMATION.

PART-A
1. Differentiate between a rigid body and a deformable body.
When a body is subjected to external forces, if it undergoes deformation, it is called as deformable
body. If it does not undergo any deformation, it is called rigid body.
2. What does equilibrium signify? What are the conditions for equilibrium to exist?
Word equilibrium signifies the body does not undergo any displacement under the application of
external force. The conditions are
Sum of all forces in x direction must be zero and also in y & z direction.
Moment about any point is zero.
3. Define stress and explain tensile and compressive stress.
Stress is defined as the external force applied per unit area. When body is subjected to equal and
opposite pulls, it elongates. The resistance offered to this elongation is tensile stress. If body is subjected to
equal and opposite pushes, it contracts and the resistance offered to this contraction is compressive stress.
4. Define strain and explain tensile and compressive strain.
It is the ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension. The strain corresponding to the
tensile stress is called tensile strain and it is defined as the ratio of the increase in the length to the original
length. The strain corresponding to the compressive stress is called as compressive strain. It is defined as the
ratio of decrease in length to the original length.
5. Define shear stress and shear strain. (NOV 2014)
The two equal and opposite force act tangentially on any cross sectional plane of the body tending to
slide one part of the body over the other part. The stress induced is called shear stress and the corresponding
strain is known as shear strain. Or Shear stress is the resistance offered to the force applied. It is the ratio of
shear force to shear area. The corresponding strain is called as shear strain.
6. State Hooks law and explain elastic limit.(MAY/JUNE 2013)
It states that within elastic limit, the ratio of the stress and strain is a constant. Elastic limit is a point
on the stress strain diagram below which the body regains its original shape when deformed, not necessarily
obeying the hooks law.
7. What is elasticity?
It is ability of which the material regains its original shape
8. Draw the stress-Strain diagram for a ductile material.

9. Define Poissons Ratio (MAY 2012)(DEC 2015)

It is the ratio of lateral strain to the normal strain. It is dimensionless and is denoted by or 1/m.
Note: The Poissons ratio for a material cannot be more than 0.5.
10. Explain Ultimate stress.
There is a particular maximum load, which any material can withstand, above which it starts
creeping and breaks. The stress corresponding to this load is called ultimate stress.
11. Define modulus of elasticity.
According to Hooks law, the ratio of stress to strain is a constant. This constant is modulus of
elasticity, E and its unit is N/mm2.
12. In a bar of varying cross section of length 1, 2 and area of A1,A2 is subjected to axial pull of P.
Find total elongation for bar as varying cross section.
Total elongation = P1L1/A1E +P2 L2/A2E
13. What is the principle of super position?(NOV 2012)
The resultant deformation of the body is equal to the algebraic sum of the deformation of the
individual section. Such principle is called as principle of super position.
14. Define factor of safety and state reason for its necessity. (NOV 2014)
The term factor of safety is applied to the factor used to evaluate the safeness of a structure. Factor of
safety (Ductile) = Yield stress/allowable stress;FOS (Brittle)=Ultimate stress/Allowable. Allowable stress is
also known as Design stress or Working stress or permissible stress.
15. What is modular ratio?(NOV 2012)
It is the ratio of the Youngs modulus of two different materials.
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16.What are the governing equations in compound bar?

a) Total load (P) = Load carried by Bar 1 (P1) + Load carried by Bar 2 (P2)
b) Change in length in Bar 1 = Change in length in Bar 2, P1L1/A1E=P2L2/A2E
17. What you mean by thermal stresses?(MAY 2015)
If the body is allowed to expand or contract freely, with the rise or fall of temperature no stress is
developed but if free expansion is prevented the stress developed is called temperature or thermal stress and
the corresponding strain is temperature strain.
18.Relate the three modulus of Rigidities.
E= 9KG/(3K+G) ; E-youngs modulus, G-Rigiditymodulus, K-Bulk modulus
19. Define the three elastic modulii and give a relationship between Youngs modulus and shear
modulus.
Youngs modulus: The ratio of tensile stress (or compressive stress) to the corresponding strain
within the elastic limit. It is denoted by E and its unit is N/mm 2.
Modulus of rigidity or shear modulus: The ratio of shear stress to the corresponding shear strain
within the elastic limit. It is denoted by G or C or N and its unit is N/mm 2.
Bulk Modulus is the ratio of linear stress to volumetric strain, with in the elastic limit.
20. Write the equation for elongation of circular bar due to its self weight.
Elongation l=Wl/2 AE, A-Area of circular bar and E-Youngs Modulus.
21. State the equation for the elongation of the taper rod.
Total Elongation, l=4WL/Dd E
22. Define Strain Energy (DEC 2014)
When a material undergoes deformation, under the action of external load work is done on the
material. The work done on the material is stored as Strain energy . Strain energy = 2 A / 2E.
23. Define Resilience.(MAY 2011)
Strain energy stored per unit volume is called Resilience. ( 2 / 2E )
24. Define Proof Resilience.
It is the maximum strain energy stored by a body without undergoing permanent deformation. It is the
value of resilience when the stress (), equals the stress at elastic limit (e)
25. Define Modulus of Resilience.
It is the maximum energy, which can be stored by a bar per unit volume.
26.Slate principle plane.
The planes, which have no shear stress, are known as principal planes. These planes can only have
normal stresses.
27. Define principle stresses and principle plane.(MAY/JUNE 2013)(DEC 2015)
Principle stress: The magnitude of normal stress, acting on a principal plane is known as principal
stresses. Principle plane: The planes which have no shear stress are known as principal planes.
28. Define major principal stress & minor principal stress. (Dec 2014)
The plane carrying maximum normal stress is called major principal plane and the stress across the
plane is called major principal stress. The plane carrying minimum normal stress is called minor principal
plane and the stress across the plane is called minor principal stress.
29. What is the radius of Mohr's circle? (Nov2010)
Radius of Mohr's circle is equal to the maximum shear stress.
30. What is the use of Mohr's circle?
To find out the normal, resultant stresses and principle stress and their planes.
31. Under what conditions the planes will be in pure shear? (Nov2009)
The direct tensile stress and direct compressive stress must act perpendicular to each other for the
plane to be in pure shear.
32. Write the significance of Mohrs circle? (MAY 2015)
a.) Stresses on different planes passing through a point in strained material can be represented by the
points on the mohrs circle. b.) Problems with more analytical complications can be solved by Mohrs circle
method.
PART B
1. A load of 50kN is suspended by a steel pipe of 50mm external diameter. If the ultimate tensile strength of
steel is 500 N/mm2 and the factor of safety is 4, determine (i) the thickness of the pipe. (ii) Elongation of the
pipe over a length of 200 mm if it is stressed to its maximum permissible value. Take E = 200 kN/mm 2. (Nov
2015)
2. A member ABCD is subjected to loads as shown in fig.below. Find the value of P and determine the total
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2016-17

change in length of the bar. Take E = 210 kN/mm 2.

3. A compound bar 900 mm long is made of a bar of steel 300mm long 30 mm diameter attached to a bar of
copper 600 mm long. Under a pull of 50 kN the extensions in each portion are found to be equal. Determine
(i) the diameter of the copper rod, and (ii) the stresses in steel and copper. Take E s = 2.05 x 105 N/mm2 and
EC = 1.11 x 105 N/mm2(NOV 2010)
4. A steel rod of 25 mm diameter is enclosed centrally in a hollow copper tube of external diameter 50 mm
and internal diameter of 40 mm. The composite bar is then subjected to an axial pull of 50 kN. If the length
of each bar is equal to 0.25m, determine: (i) the stress in the rod and tube and (ii) load carried by each bar.
Take E for steel = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and for copper = 1 x 105 N/mm2. (MAY 2012)
5. A mild steel rod of 25 mm diameter and 300 mm long is enclosed centrally inside a hollow copper tube of
external diameter 40 mm and internal diameter of 30 mm. The composite bar is subjected to an axial pull of
50 kN through rigid cover plates. If E for steel and copper is 200 GN/m 2 and 100 GN/m2 respectively, find
the stresses developed in the rod and tube. Also find the extension of the rod.
6. A solid steel bar 500mm long and 70mm diameter is placed inside an aluminium tube having 75mm
inside diameter and 100mm outside diameter. The aluminium cylinder is 15mm longer than the steel bar. An
axial load of 600kN is applied to the bar and the Cylinder through rigid cover plates. Compute the stresses
developed in the steel bar and the aluminium tube. Assume E s = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2 and Eal = 0.7 x 105 N/mm2.
(MAY/JUNE2013)
7. Two vertical rods of steel and copper are rigidly fixed with the ceiling at their upper ends at 100cm apart.
Each rod is 3m long and 25mm in diameter. A horizontal cross piece connects the lower ends of the rods.
Where should a load of 3.5 tonnes be placed on the cross piece, so that it remains horizontal after loaded?
Assume Es = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and EC =1 x 105 N/mm2. (DEC 2015)
8. A reinforced short concrete column 500 mm x 500 mm in section is reinforced with 8 steel bars of
diameter 25mm. The column carries a load of 200 kN. (i) If the modulus of elasticity for steel is 18 times that
of concrete, find the stresses in concrete and steel. (ii) If the stress in concrete shall not exceed 5 N/mm 2, find
the diameter of the steel rod required so that the column may support a load of 500 kN.(NOV 2010)
9. Find the expansion of a 2 m long rod, when the temperature is raised from 20C to 95C. If this expansion
is prevented, find the stress induced in the material of the rod. Take E = 1 x 10 5 N/mm2 and =0.000012 /C.
10. A steel rod 50 mm diameter, 5 m long and connected to two grips is maintained at a temperature of
100C. Find the stress and force exerted when the temperature falls to 25C if (i) the ends do not yield, and
(ii) the ends yield by 1.5mm. Take E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2 and = 12 x 10-6/ C.
11.A bar of length 1m is clamped at the ends and subjected to a rise in temperature of 20C. If the co
efficient of expansion of the material of the bar is 1.2 x 10 -6 / C, the Young's modulus is 2 x 105 N/mm2 and
the cross sectional area is 314 N/mm 2, what is the magnitude and nature of the stress induced? (May 2011)
12.A steel rod of 20mm diameter passes centrally through a copper tube of 50mm external diameter and
40mm internal diameter. The tube is closed at each end by rigid plates. If the temperature of the assembly is
raised by 50C, find the stresses in steel rod and copper tube. Take E s = 200 kN/mm2, EC =100 kN/mm2, S =
12 x 10-6 / C, C = 18 x 10-6 / C. (MAY/JUNE 2013)
13. A steel tube 50mm external diameter and 5mm thick encloses centrally a solid copper bar of 30mm
diameter. The bar and the tube are rigidly connected together at the ends at a temperature of 30C. The
composite bar is subjected to an axial compressive load of 60kN and the temperature is raised to 150C.
Determine the stresses in steel tube and copper rod. Assume E S = 200 GPa, S = 12 x 10-6 / C, EC = 100 GPa,
C = 18 x 10-6 / C 16. A steel tube 24 mm external diameter 18 mm internal diameter encloses a copper rod
of diameter 15 mm, they are both rigidly attached to a wall at one end and are attached to a rigid plate at the
other. At 10oC there is no stress. Calculate the stress in the rod and tube at 200 oC. For steel Es = 210GPa, s =
11x10-6 /oC; for copper Ec = 100 GPa, c = 18x10-6 /oC. (Nov 2012)
14. A compound bar is made up of a central plate 60mm wide and 10 mm thick, to which copper plates 60
mm wide and 5 mm thick are rigidly connected one on either side. The length of the bar at normal
temperature is 1m. If the temperature is raised by 70C, determine the stress in each metal and its nature.
Also find the change in length. Youngs modulus for steel and copper are 2 x 10 5 MPa and 1 x 105 MPa
respectively, while the thermal coefficients are 12 x 10 -6 /C and17 x 10-6 / C.
15. A brass rod 2.4m long is held horizontally between two rigid vertical walls 2.403m apart. The
temperature of the rod is gradually raised such that the ends of the rod get fixed against the walls and has a
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CE 6306 / Strength of Materials

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2016-17

compressive stress of 21 MPa. What is the rise in temperature? Assume E = 1.05 x 10 5 MPa and = 11.8 x
10-6 / C.Poissons Ratio:0.25.
16. A bar of cross section 10mm x 10mm is subjected to an axial pull of 8 kN. Due to this, the lateral
dimensions changed to 9.9985mm x 9.9985mm. If the rigidity modulus is 0.8x10 5 N/mm2, find poissons
ratio and modulus of elasticity.
17. Find the youngs modulus and Poisson's ratio of a bar of length 300 mm breadth 40 mm and depth 40
mm. When this bar is subjected to an axial compressive load of 40 kN, Decrease length is 0.75mm and
increase in depth is 0.03mm. Also find the modulus of rigidity. (NOV 2012)
18.A solid circular bar of diameter 20mm, when subjected to an axial tensile load of 40kN, the reduction in
diameter was observed as 6.4 x 10 -3 mm. The bulk modulus of the material of the bar is 67 GPa. Find (i)
Young's modulus (ii) Poisson's ratio (iii) modulus of rigidity (iv) change in length per meter length and (v)
change in volume of the bar per meter length.(MAY/JUNE 2013)
19. A bar 250mm long, cross sectional area 100mm x 50mm, carries a tensile load of 500kN along
lengthwise, a compressive load of 5000 kN on its 100mm x 250mm faces and a tensile load of 2500 kN on
its 50mm x 250mm faces. Calculate (i) the change in volume (ii) what change must be made in the 5000kN
load, so that no change in the volume of the bar occurs. Take E s = 200 GPa and 1/m = 0.3. (MAY 2014)
20. A cast iron flat 300mm long, 30mm thick and 50mm wide is acted by the following forces 250 kN
(Tension) in the direction of its length, 350 kN (compression) in the direction of its width and 200 kN
(Tension) in the direction of its thickness. Calculate the stress, strain and change in dimension along each
principal direction and also the change in volume of the flat. Assume the modulus of elasticity and Poisson's
ratio of cast iron as 1.4 x 105 N/mm2 and 0.25 respectively. (MAY 2014)
21. A circular alloy bar 2m long uniformly tapers from 30 mm diameter to 20mm diameter. Find the
elongation of the bar under an axial load of 50 kN. E = 140 kN/mm 2.
22. A rod of length 500 mm, which tapers uniformly from 50 mm to 30 mm diameter, is subjected to an
axial load of 5kN. If E = 2 x 105 N/mm2, find the extension of the rod.
23. A rod tapers uniformly from 50 mm to 30 mm diameter in a length of 400 mm. Find the youngs
modulus of the rod, if it extends 0.05mm when subjected to a load of 5000N.
25. A rectangular bar made of steel is subjected to an axial tensile load of 50 kN. The width of the 2 m long
and 10 mm thick rod varies from 60 mm at one end to 25 mm at the other. Find the extension of the rod if E
= 2 x 105 N/mm2. (NOV 2011)
26. A rectangular steel bar of length 1m and of thickness 25 mm tapers uniformly in width from 80 mm to 40
mm. Determine the axial tensile load on the bar which produces an extension of 0.25 mm. Take E for the bar
as 2.1 x 105 N/mm2.
27. The principal stresses at a point across two perpendicular planes are 75 MN/m 2 (Tensile) and 35 MN/m2
(Tensile). With a neat sketch using Mohrs circle, find the normal, tangential and the resultant stresses and its
obliquity on a plane at 20o with the major principal plane. (MAY 2015)
28.The normal stresses at a point on two mutually perpendicular planes are 140 MPa (tensile) and 100 MPa
(compression). Determine the shear stress on these planes if the maximum principal stress is limited to 150
MPa (tensile). Determine also the following: (i) Min principal stress. (ii) Max shear stress and its plane. (iii)
Normal, shear & resultant stresses on a plane inclined at 30 anticlockwise to X plane. (MAY 2015)
29.A point in a strained material is subjected to a horizontal tensile stress of 80 N/mm 2 and a vertical
compressive stress of 100N/mm2. It is also accompanied by a shear stress of 50 N/mm 2. Find (i) principal
stresses, (ii) principal planes and (iii) maximum shear stress & its planes. (NOV 2011)
30.The stresses at a point in a strained member are shown. The greatest principle stress is 150 N/mm 2. Find
the value of q. Also find maximum shear stress at that point. Tangential stress are 120 mPa and normal
stresses are 90 MPa. (NOV 2014)
31. Derive an expression for change in length of a circular bar with uniformly varying diameter and
subjected to an axial tensile load P (NOV 2014).
UNIT II BEAMS - LOADS AND STRESSES
PART A
1. What is known as shear force?
The algebraic sum of the vertical forces at any section of a beam to the right or to the left of the
section is known as shear force.
2. What is bending moment?
The algebraic sum of the bending moment due to all the individual forces to the right or to the right
of the section.
3. What are the types of the beam?
The different types of the beam are a. Fixed beam b. Cantilever beam c. Simply supported beam d.
Over hanging beam e.Continuous beam
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4. What are the different types of loading?

a. Point load b.Uniformly distributed load c.Uniformly varying load
5. What is S.F.D(shear force diagram)?
The diagram which shows the variation of shear force along the length of the beam is known as
S.F.D.
6. What is B.M.D. (bending moment diagram)?
The diagram which shows the variation of bending moment along the length of the beam is known as
B.M.D.
7. Write the implications of shear force with respect to a load at negligible area.
Shear force changes its sign in a simply supported beam when a point is applied.
8. What is the consequence of a two vertical loads.
Between two vertical loads of uniform magnitude the shear force remains constant.
9. How the Shear force varies with load what is the law applied.
Shear force varies with UDL when compared to its constancy between two loads, and for UDL it
varies with straight line law.
10. How shear force varies with respect to bending moment?
At the point where there is a maximum bending moment the value of shear force is zero. BM is zero
at maximum shear force.
11. What is point of contraflexure? (MAY/JUNE 2013) (MAY 2015)
The point where B.M changes its sign or the point where the value of BM is Zero.
12. When will happen when a beam is subjected to a couple.
When a beam is subjected to a couple at a section, then bending moment does not remain unaltered.
The Bending moment changes.
13. When effect does the bending moment face with respect to a couple being experienced in a beam.
When a beam is subjected to a couple, the maximum bending moment does not occur at the point of
zero shear force.
14.What is the nature the curveUVL?
The nature of curve of B.M.D for any beam carrying UVL is always CUBIC
15. Derive the relation between shear force and bending moment, in bending theory. (NOV 2014)
dM = F dx (The rate of change of bending moment is equal to the shear force at that section),
dF
= - w dx (The rate of change of shear force is equal to the rate of loading)
16.What are the assumptions of simple bending theory? (Dec 2015)
Assumptions made in the simple bending theory are: 1.The material of the beam is perfectly
homogeneous throughout.2.The stress induced is directly proportional to strain. 3.The value of modulus of
elasticity is the same, for the fibres of the beam under compression or tension.4.The transverse of the beam,
remains plane before and after bending. 5.There is no resultant pull or push on the cross section of the
beam.
17.What is neutral axis ? (May2010) (May 2015)
As a result of bending moment, a length of the beam will take up a curved shape. It follows that outer
radii of the material will be in tension, the inner radii in mpression, and at some radius there will be no
stress. This layer of the material is the neutral axis (NA).
18.What is section modulus? (Nov2013)
It is the ratio of moment of inertia about the neutral axis to distance of the most distant point of the section
from the neutral section, Where
Z = I / Ymax,
Z is the sectional modulus
I is the moment of inertia about neutral axis
Ymax is the distance of the most distant point of the section from the NA
19.Write the classic flexure formula or bending stress expression. (NOV 2014)
M/I=f/y=E/R; M-Bending moment, E-Youngs modulus,R-radius of curvature, f-bending stress, yDistance of the layer from the neutral axis.
20.What is flitched beam? (NOV 2013)
It is defined as a section, made up of two or more different materials, joined together, in such a
manner that they behave like a single piece and each material bends to same radius of curvature.
21. Draw the shear stress distribution diagram for a rectangular beam with values at important points.
(DEC 2014)

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22.Draw the shear stress distribution diagram for an I section.

23.Sketch the shear stress distribution diagram across the depth of a T section.

24. What happens to Bending stress?

The bending stress in any layer is directly proportional to the distance of the layer from the neutral
layer.
26. What is moment of resistance of the section?
The total moment of these forces about the neutral axis for a section is known as moment of
resistance of that section.
27. Where is the bending stress maximum in a beam?
The bending stress is maximum at the outermost fibre in a beam.The max. shear stress is at the N.A.
for a rectangular section is qmax = 1.5 qave
28.In case of triangular section what would be the shear stress distribution? (DEC 2015)
The shear stress is not maximum at the Neutral Axis, but it is maximum at a height of h / 2 in a
triangular section. The max. Shear stress at N.A. for a circular section and is given by q max = 4/3qave
29. Draw a SFD for a 8m cantilever beam carrying a clockwise moment of 6kN-m at free end.
The resultant beam would be a straight line. (NOV/DEC 2014)
PART B
STRESSES IN BEAMS
1. A 250 mm x 150 mm rectangular beam is subjected to a maximum Bending Moment of 750 kN.m.
Determine (a) maximum stress in the beam (b) if E = 200 GPa, find the radius of curvature for that portion
of the beam where Bending Moment is maximum. (Nov 2015)
2. A rectangular beam 300mm deep is simply suported over a span of 4m. What UDL/m length the beam
may carry, if the bending stress is not to exceed 120N/mm 2. Take I = 8 x106 mm4.
3. A timber joist is to carry a load of 9 kN spread uniformly over a span of 6m. The joist is freely supported
at the ends. If the maximum bending stress is not to exceed 9 N/mm 2, find out a suitable cross section taking
the width as 0.4 times the depth of the section. (Nov 2015)
4. A beam of rectangular cross section is Simply Supported over a span of 6m. The beam has a depth of 400
mm and width of 300mm. Find (i) uniformly distributed load, the beam can carry if the bending stress is not
to exceed 16 MPa and (ii) the central point load, which the beam may carry for the same bending stress.
(MAY/JUNE 2013)
5. A beam of uniform strength and varying cross section is Simply Supported over a span of 6m. It carries a
UDL of 20 kN/m and the uniform strength is 100 MPa. Compute (i) depth at a distance of 1.5m from one
end if the width is same throughout the span and equals 300 mm, and (ii) the width at the mid point of the
beam if the depth is constant throughout the length and equal to 200 mm. (NOV 2014)
6. A circular pipe of external diameter 70 mm and thickness 8mm is used as a Simply Supported Beam over
an effective span of 2.5m. Find the maximum concentrated load that can be applied at the center of the span,
if the permissible stress in the tube is 150 N/mm 2. (NOV 2013)
7. A beam of size 150 mm wide, 250 mm deep carries a UDL of w kN/m over entire span of 4 m. A
concentrated load 1 kN is acting at a distance of 1.2 m from the left support. If the bending stress at a section
1.8 m from the left support is not to exceed 3.25 N/mm2, find the load w.
8. A 10m long CI pipe 50 cm ID and 2 cm thickness is simply supported at its ends. Find the max intensity
of bending stress induced in the metal when the pipe is running full with water. Take unit weight of CI =
72kN/m3 and that of water as 9.81kN/m3. (NOV 2014)
9. A vertical power transmission pole is 6m high; square section 280 mm x 280 mm at bottom and 140 mm
and 140 mm at the top. A horizontal pull of 8kN is applied through the geometric centre of the section. Find
the position and magnitude of the maximum
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bending stress. (NOV 2012)

10. The cross section of a Simply Supported Beam of length 4m is triangle with base 100 mm and altitude
159mm If the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in the beam are limited to 100MPa and 250MPa
respectively, determine the safe central concentrated load that the beam can carry.
11. A simply supported beam of span 6 m carries udl ofintensity 32 kN/m over the full span, including its self
weight. The cross sectional properties of the beam are
Shape
Unsymmetrical I section
Overall depth
250 mm
Width of top flange
180 mm
Thickness of the top flange 20 mm
Width of bottom flange
100 mm
Thickness of bottom flange 30 mm
Thickness of web
15 mm
Determine the maximum extreme fiber stresses induced in the beam. (MAY 2010)
12. The shear force acting on a section of a beam is 50kN. The section of the beam is of T shaped of
dimensions 100 mm x 100 mm x 20 mm (Flange width 100mm; flange thickness 20 mm; thickness of the
web 20 mm; depth of the web 80mm) the moment of inertia about the horizontal neutral axis is 314.221 x
104 mm4. Calculate the shear stress at the neutral axis and at the junction of the web and the flange. (MAY
2014)
13. A Simply Supported Beam of span 3m carries a uniformly distributed load over the entire span. The
cross section of the beam is 200 mm x 350 mm. The maximum flexure stress due to bending is 10 N/mm 2.
Calculate the intensity of the load. (MAY 2011)
14. A beam of T section shown in fig- 2 is subjected to a shear force of 20 kN. Find the maximum shear
stress intensity and draw the shear stress distribution diagram. (MAY 2014)
15. A beam of rectangular cross section is of 250 mm wide and 300mm deep, 4m of its length is simply
supported and carries a uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m for the entire span. Calculate (i) the shear
force at 2m from the left support and (ii) shear stress distribution at every 100 mm level from the top surface.
Sketch the shear stress distribution. Consider the flange thickness=30 mm and web thickness=40mm. (MAY
2015)
Bending moment and Shear force diagram.
16. Draw the Shear Force and Bending Moment diagram for the given beam.

17.Find the shear force and bending moment for the structure given below.

18.Determine the point of inflection for the givenbeam.

19.Draw the shear force and Bending moment diagram for the beam given below. (May 2015)

20.Determine the maximum bending moment for the support structure shown below.(MAY 2015)

21.Determine the Bending moment and shear force of the beam shown below.
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22.Analyse the shear force and bending moment for the structure shown.

23.Analyse the given structure and draw the shear force and bending moment diagram

UNIT 3. TORSION
PART A
1. What are the assumptions made in the theory of torsion? (MAY 2014)
a. The material of the shaft is uniform throughout.
b. The twist along the shaft is uniform
c. Normal cross sections of the shaft which were plane and circular before twist must remain plane and
circular after twist.
d. The diameter of the cross sections which were straight before twist must remain
straight without any change in the magnitude.
2. Define Torsion.
When equal and opposite torque are applied at ends, the shaft is said to be in torsion.
3. Define Torsional rigidity. (MAY 2014)
We know, = T / GJ, The quantity GJ is called torsional rigidity. Product of rigidity modulus and
polar moment of inertia is called torsional rigidity.
4. Define polar modulus. (DEC 2014)
Polar modulus is defined as the ratio of polar moment of inertia ( J ) to the radius of the shaft. It is also
called torsional section modulus and is denoted by Zp
5. Why hollow circular shafts are preferred than solid circular shafts. (DEC 2015)
a. The torque transmitted by the hollow shaft is greater than the solid shafts. Hence the solid shafts are
stronger. b.The weight of the hollow shaft is less when compared with the solid shaft of same material,
length and torque. So the solid shafts are economical.
6. Write an expression for the angle of twist for a hollow circular shaft with external diameter D,
internal diameter d, length l and rigidity modulus G.
Angle of twist,=Tl/GJ, Polarmoment of Inertia J= /32 (D 4 d4); D=External dia, d=internal dia, l=
length of the shaft, T = Torque transmitted and G = Rigidity modulus
7.What would be the value of shear stress in a circular cross-section?
The shear stress at the centre of the circular section of the shaft is Zero
8. What is composite shaft?
Some times a shaft is made up of composite section i.e. one type of shaft is sleeved over other types of
shaft. At the time of sleeving, the two shafts are joined together, that the composite shaft behaves like a
single shaft.
9. What is a spring?
A spring is an elastic member, which deflects, or distorts under the action of load and regains its original
shape after the load is removed.
10. State any two functions of springs.
1.To measure forces in spring balance, meters and engine indicators. 2.To store energy.
11. Define Stiffness of spring. (MAY/JUNE2013)(MAY 2015)
Stiffness of spring (K) is the force per unit deflection. Its unit is N / mm in SI units.
12. What is spring index (C)?
The ratio of mean or pitch diameter to the wire diameter for the spring is called the spring index.
13. What is solid length?(DEC 2015)
The length of a spring under the maximum compression is called its solid length. It is the product of
total number of coils and the diameter of wire.Ls = nt x d, Where, nt = total number of coils.
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14. Define free length.

Free length of the spring is the length of the spring when it is free or unloaded condition. It is equal to the
solid length plus the maximum deflection or compression plus clash allowance. Lf = solid length + Y max
-0.15 Ymax
15. What are the differences between closed coil & open coil helical springs? (MAY 2015)
Closed coil helical springs: (i) The spring wires are coiled very closely, each turn is nearly at right
angles to the axis of helix. (ii)Helix angle is less than 10.Open coil helical springs: (i) The wires are
coiled such that there is a gap between the two consecutive turns. (ii) Helix angle is large (>10)
16. Define stiffness of a helical spring and write an expression for it.
Stiffness of a spring is defined as the load required to produce unit deflection. K=Gd 4/64R3n
17. Find power transmitted by a circular shaft subjected to a torque 700kN-m at 110 rpm.
Power transmitted P=2NT/60= 2x110x70/60=8063.42 Watts
18. Write the expression for the Strain energy stored in a solid circular shaft. (MAY 2012)
Strain energy stored in a solid circular shaft = r 2 /4C xVolume
19. Write the expression for the Strain energy stored in a hollow circular shaft.
Strain energy stored in a hollow circular shaft = r2 /4C x Volume x (R2 +r2)/R2
20.What is toughness? (DEC 2014)
It is the ability of the material to resist impactload and propagate fracture.
PART - B
1. A solid circular shaft transmits 75 kW power at 200 rpm. Calculate the shaft diameter, if the twist in the
shaft is not to exceed 1 in a shaft length of 2m and shear stress is not to exceed 50 N/mm 2. Take G = 100
kN/mm2. (NOV 2014)
2.
A hollow shaft is to transmit 300 kW at 80 rpm. If the shear stress is not to exceed 60 N/mm 2 and the
internal diameter is 0.6 times the external diameter, find the diameters.
3.
A hollow shaft with diameter ratio 3/8 is required to transmit 500kW at 100 rpm, the maximum
torque being 20% greater than the mean. The maximum shear stress is not to exceed 60 N/mm 2 and the twist
in a length of 3m is not to exceed 1.4. Determine the minimum diameters required for the shaft. (DEC
2015)
4.
A hollow steel shaft 24 cm external and 16 cm internal diameter is to be replaced by a solid alloy
shaft. If both the shafts should have the same polar modulus, find the diameter of the latter and the ratio of
torsional rigidities. Take N for steel = 2.0 * N for alloy. (NOV 2010)
5.
A shaft 7m long is securely fixed at each end. A torque of100 kN.mm is applied to the shaft at a
section 3m from the left end. Find the fixing torque setup at the ends of the shaft. If the shaft is 35mm
diameter find the maximum shear stresses in the two portions. Find also the angle of twist for the section
where the torque is applied. Assume G = 8.4 x 104 N/mm2. (MAY/JUNE 2013)
6. Derive torsion equation. (NOV 2014)
7.A close coiled helical spring is to carry a load of 1kN. Its mean coil diameter is to be times that of wire
diameter. Calculate these diameters if the maximum stress in the material of the spring is to be 90N/mm 2.
Also find the stiffness of spring. Take G = 8.5 x 104 N/mm2. (Nov 2014)
8. A closely coiled helical spring made out of a 10 mm diameter steel bar has 12 complete coils, each of
mean diameter of 100 mm. Calculate the stress induced in the section of the rod, the deflection under the pull
and the amount of energy stored in the spring during the extension if it is subjected to an axial pull of 200 N.
Modulus of rigidity is 0.84x105 N/mm2 (DEC 2015)
9. The close coiled helical spring is to have a stiffness of 900 N/m in compression under a maximum load of
45N. The maximum shear stress in the wire of the spring is 120 N/mm 2. The solid length of the spring (when
the coils are touching) is 45 mm. Find the diameter of coil, diameter of wire and number of coils. G = 40
kN/mm2. (MAY 2015)
10. A close coiled helical spring of 80 mm mean diameter is made up of 10mm diameter rod and has 22
turns. The spring carries an axial load of 300N. Find the shearing stress and deflection under this load. Also
find Stiffness. Take G = 80 GPa. (DEC 2014)
11. A closely coiled helical spring made of circular wire is required to absorb 25,000 N.mm of energy, when
its deflection is 120 mm and the shear stress not exceeding 120 MPa. Determine a suitable diameter and
length of wire to make the spring, if the spring diameter is to be 150mm. Take N = 8.5 x 10 4 MPa.
12.In a compound helical spring the inner spring is arranged inside and concentric with the outer one, but is
9 mm shorter. The outer coil is of mean diameter 24 mm, wire diameter 3 mm and has 10 turns. Find the
stiffness of the inner spring if an axial load of 150 N causes the outer one to compress 18 mm. (MAY 2015)
13. A composite spring has two close coiled helical springs in series. The mean coil diameter of each spring
is 8 times the wire diameter. One coil has 20 coils of wire diameter 2.54 mm. Find the diameter of the wire
of the other spring, if it has 15 coils and the stiffness of the composite spring is 1.26 N/mm. Find the
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maximum axial load that can be applied and the corresponding extension if the maximum shear stress is
310 N/mm2. Take G = 80GPa. (MAY/JUNE 2013)
14. A closed coil spring of 10mm diameter wire with 20 coils of mean diameter 80mm carries an axial load
of 400N. Find the shear stress induced and deflection caused. What is the strain energy induced? Assume G
15. A weight of 200 N is dropped on to a helical spring made of 15mm wireclosely coiled to a mean diameter
of 120mm with 20 turns of coils. Determine the height of drop if the instantaneous compression is 80mm.
Assume the suitable rigidity modulus (Dec 2014)
UNIT 4. BEAM DEFLECTION
PART A
1. Write down the general Differential equation of a beam .
EI [d2y / dx2 ] = Mx Where , Mx = BM at section at xx, EI = Flexural Rigidity.
2. State the theorms of Moment Area Method stated by Mohr.
THEOREM I : The change in slope between any two points ( Say P and Q ) in a beam is equal to the
area of the BMD, under that particular portion of the beam divided by EI.p-q=(Area of BMD between
P&Q)/E.
THEOREM II: The deflection between any two points in a beam is equal Moment of the area of the
bending moment Diagram, under that particular portion of the beam divided by EI.
Y = (AREA OF BMD between P & Q) * X / E I = A X / E I
3. What is Elastic curve
When the load is applied within the elastic limit, the deflected shape of the beam is called Elastic
Curve.
4. Define Slope. (Nov 2014)
Slope at any point is the angle between the tangent (drawn to the elastic curve at that point) and the
horizontal.
5. Define Deflection. (Dec 2015)
When the beam is loaded with transverse loads the axis of the beam will deviate from the actual
position. The deviation at any cross section is called Deflection .
6. A cantilever is subjected to a point load W at the free end. What is the slope and deflection at the
free end?
Slope =Wl2 /2EI; Deflection y=Wl 2/3EI
7. What condition is used for finding maximum deflection? (Nov 2014)
The condition used for finding deflection of the beam is dy/dx = 0 (ie.,slope at the point of maximum
deflection is equal to zero)
8.What is the advantage of Macaulays method?(MAY 2015)
In Macaulays method a continuous expression is formed for bending moment and it is integrated
in such a way that the constants of integration are valid for all sections of the beam even though law of
bending moment varies from section to section.
9.What are the advantages of fixed beam?
For the same loading, the maximum deflection of a fixed beam is less than that of a simply supported
beam. For the same loading, the fixed beam is subjected to a less maximum bending moment.The slope and
deflection at both ends of a fixed beam are zero. The beam is more stable and stronger.
10.Calculate area of BDM of a cantilever carrying UDL of w/m for full span L
Area = 1/3 * base * depth; Area = 1/3 * AC * AB; Area= 1/3 * wL2*L;Area=wL 3/6
11.What is the disadvantage of double integration method?
In double integration method if there are more loads at different sections then more functions will be needed
to represent the bending moment and hence additional constants and a corresponding number of equations
will be required in rather lengthy calculations
12.What is the use of moment area method? (DEC 2015)
Moment area method is very much useful to find the deflection and a slope of a beam at any particular point
on the beam. This method can be applied to all types of beams of variable section.
13.What are all the methods to findout the slope and defelction?
Double integration method,Moment area Method, Macaulays Method.
14.A cantilever with a span of 4m carriers a point load at its free end. If the maximum slope is 1.5
degress,calculate the deflection and slope at the free end.
Hint: ymax=(Wl2/EI)*(l/3)=0.06981 mm
15.write the significance of conjugate beam.
This method can be directly used for SSB.
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Artificial constraints need to be applied to the conjugate beam.

16.what is mohrs theorem 1? (MAY 2015)
The change of the slope between any two points, on an elastic curve is equal to the net area of B.M. diagram
between these points divided by EI.
17.A cantilever beam 120 mm wide and 150 mm deep is 1.8 m long. Determine the slope at the free end
of the beam, when it carries a point load of 20 KN at its free end. Take E for the beam as 200 GPa.
Hint: I=bd3/12= 33.75*106, iB=Wl2/2EI=0.0048 rad
18.A cantilever beam 120 mm wide and 150 mm deep is 1.8 m long. Determine the deflection at the free
end of the beam, when it carries a point load of 20 KN at its free end. Take E for the beam as 200 GPa.
Hint: YB=Wl3/3EI=5.76 mm
19.A cantilever beam 3 m long carries point load of 20KN at a distance of 2m from the free end.
Determine the slope at the free end of the beam, take EI=8*10 12 N-mm2.
Hint: iB=Wl2/2EI=0.005 rad
20.A cantilever beam 3 m long carries point load of 20KN at a distance of 2m from the free end.
Determine the deflection at the free end of the beam, take EI=8*10 12 N-mm2.
Solution : Deflection at the free end of the cantilever= 11.7 mm
PART B
1.
A simply supported beam 5m long carries point loads of 10kN each at points 1m from the ends.
Using Moment area method or otherwise, Find (a) the maximum slope and deflection (b) the slope and
deflection of the beam under each load. Take EI = 1.2 x 104 kNm2. (NOV 2015)
2.
A beam of length 6m is supported at its ends and carries two vertical loads of 50 kN and 100 kN at a
distance of 2m and 4m respectively from the left support. Using moment area method or otherwise calculate
the slope and deflection under the load of 50 kN. Assume EI = 2.5x 10 5 kN-m2.
3.
A beam 6m long is subjected to a 450 kNm clockwise couple at a distance of 4m from the left hand
end. If the uniform flexural rigidity of the beam is 8 x 10 4 kNm2, find (a) the deflection at the point of
application of the moment (b) the maximum deflection. (MAY 2010)
4.
A simply supported beam of span 20 m carries two point loads 2kN at 8m and 5kN at 12m from the
L.H end. By using Macaulays method determine (a) deflection under each load and (b) the maximum
deflection. Take EI = 2 x 105 kNm2. (NOV 2012)
5.
A simply supported beam of length l carries two point loads W each at a distance a from the
ends. Using Moment area method or otherwise, calculate (a) the maximum deflection (b) the deflection of
the beam under each load.
6.
A simply supported beam of span L and flexural rigidity of EI is loaded with a single concentrated
load P at L/3 from the left support. Using area moment theorems determine the slope and deflection of the
beam below the load.(NOV 2014)
7. A simply supported beam of span 6 m is acted upon by a point load of 60 kN at 4 m from one support.
Taking I = 8000 cm4 and E = 2 105 N/mm2 and using area moment method, calculate deflection at the
point of loading and the slope at both the supports. Also, calculate the maximum deflection. (MAY 2015)
8. A cantilever beam with a span of 3 m carries a point load of 35 kN at a distance of 2 from the fixed end.
Determine the slope and deflection at the free end and at the point where the load is applied. Take I = 11924
cm4 and E = 200 GN/m2. (MAY 2010)
9. A 3 m long cantilever of uniform rectangular crosssection 150 mm wide and 300 mm deep is loaded
with a point load of 3 kN at the free end and a udl of 2 kN/m over the entire length. Find the maximum
deflection. E = 210 kN/mm2. Use Macaulays method. (DEC 2015)
10. A simply supported beam of span 6 m is acted upon by a point load of 60 kN at 4 m from one support.
Taking I = 8000 cm4 and E = 2 X 105 N/mm2 and using area moment method, calculate deflection at the
point of loading and the slope at both the supports. Also, calculate the maximum deflection. (May 2015)
11.
A simply supported beam of length 4 m carries two point loads 3 kN each at a distance of 1 m from
each end. E = 2 x 10 5 N/mm2. I = 108 mm4. Using conjugate beam method determine slope at each end and
deflection under each load. (DEC 2015)
12.
A cantilever beam with a span of 3 m carries a point load of 35 kN at a distance of 2m from the fixed
end. Determine the slope and deflection at the free end and at the point where the load is applied. Take I =
11924 cm4 and E = 200 GN/m2.
13. A simply supported beam of span 5m carries a point load of 10kN at mid span. Find the deflection at
midspan using Macaulays method. EI =2x105 kNm2. (MAY 2012)
14. A horizontal steel girder having uniform cross section is 14m long and is Simply Supported at its ends. It
carries two concentrated loads 12kN and 8kN at 6.5m apart. The Point load 12kN is at 3m from the left
support and 8kN at 4.5 m from right support. Determine the deflections under the loads.
15. A cantilever of span 4m carriers a UDL of 4 KN/m over a length of 2 m from the fixed end and a
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concentrated load of 10 KN at the free end. Determine the slop and deflection of the cantilever at free end
using conjugate beam method.Assume EI is uniform throughout.
UNIT 5. THIN CYLINDERS, SPHERES AND THICK CYLINDERS
PART A
1. Differentiate between thin cylinder & thick cylinder? (MAY 2015)
A cylindrical shell whose t\d ratio (thickness/dia.) is lesser than 1/10, then it is called thin cylinder
shell & if it is greater than 1/10, then it is called thick cylinder shell.
2. Name the stresses induced in a thin walled cylinder subjected to int. fluid pressure?
a.) Circumferential stress or hoop stress
b.) Longitudinal stress.
3. What is hoop stress & longitudinal stress? (MAY 2010)
The int. pressure acting on the long sides of a thin cylinder is called as hoop stress. Since the
direction of the stress is along the circumference of the shell, it is also called as circumferential stress. Where
as longitudinal Stress is the pressure acting at the ends transmitted to the walls of the cylinder. The direction
of stress is along the length of the cylinder.
4. Write the eqn. for hoop & longitudinal Stresses for a thin cylinder?(MAY/JUNE 2013)
Hoop stress=c=pd/2t; Longitudinal stress,l=pd/4t Where,p- internal pressure, d- diameter of the
cylinder, t - thickness
5. Write the expression for longitudinal Strain & circumferential strain in case of thin cylinder?
Circumferential strain, ec=c/E-t/mE ; Longitudinal, et=t/E-c/m
6. Write volumetric strain in thin spherical shell?
7. What is the effect of riveting a thin cylindrical shell? (NOV 2012)
Riveting reduces the area offering the resistance. Due to this, the circumferential and longitudinal
stresses are more. It reduces the pressure carrying capacity of the shell.
8. Distinguish between cylindrical shell and spherical shell.
Cylindrical shell: a.Circumferential stress is twice the longitudinal stress. b.It withstands low pressure
than spherical shell for the same diameter. Spherical shell a.Only hoop stress presents. b.It withstands more
pressure than cylindrical shell for the same diameter.
9. Write the expression for circumferencial stress induced in the boiler plated. c=pd/2t
10.What is a Wire wound thin cylinder?
In order to increase the tensile strength of a thin cylinder to withstand high internal pressure without
excessive increase in wall thickness, they are some times prestressed by winding with steel wire under
tensions.
11.State Maxwells reciprocal theorem. (DEC 2015)
It states that the workdone by the first system of loads due to displacements caused by a second system
of loads equals the work done by the second system of loads due to displacements causedby the first system
of loads.
12.What are Lames Assumptions?(MAY 2015)
The material of the shell is homogeneous and isotropic. Plane sections of the cylinder, perpendicular to
the longitudinal axis, remain plane under pressure.
13.
Write down the Lames Equations?
The Lames equation are : px=B/x2-A and fx=B/x2+A ; A and B Lames Constants.
14.What is Wahls factor?
Wahls facor is factor which compensates for the direct shear stress and curvature of wire in to
consideration for calculating the sheat stress in a spring. Maximum shear stress =K x 8wD/ d 3
15.Write the expression for change in volume? (Nov 2014)
v= d4P/8tE x (1-); P-Load, -Poissons ratio,t-thickness and E-Youngs Modulus.
16.what are all failure modes of a thin cylindrical shell due to an internal pressure? (Dec 2015)
Split up into two troughts, split up into two cylinders.
17.A stream boiler of 800 mm diameter is made up of 10 mm thick plates. If the boiler is subjected to
an internal pressure of 2.5 MPa,find the circumferencial and longitudinal stresses induced in the
boiler. (May 2014)
Solution: circumferencial stress= pd/2t= 100 N/mm 2, longitudinal stress=pd/4t=50 N/mm2
18.A gas cylinder of internal diameter 40 mm is 5 mm thick. If the tensile stress in the material is not to
exceed 30 MPa, find the maximum pressure (p) which can be allowed in the cylinder.
Solution: Circumferencial stress = pd/ 2t; p=7.5 N/mm 2.
19.write down the expression for determining the thickness of the thin cylindrical shell.
Solution: The thickness of the thin cylindrical shell (t)= pd/2*c=9.6 mm
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20.A spherical gas vessel of 1.2 m diameter is subjected to a pressure of 1.8MPa. Determine the stress
induced in the vessel plate, if its thickness is 5 mm.
Solution: stress in the shell material () = pd/4t= 108 MPa
PART B
1. From the first principles, derive an expression for the change in volume of a thin closed pressure vessel
with cylindrical body of length L and radius R with flat bottom and hemispherical top, subjected to internal
fluid pressure p. (May 2014)
2. A thin spherical vessel of internal diameter 3m has to withstand a fluid pressure of 1 MPa. The efficiency
of the joint is 70%. Calculate the required thickness of the shell if the ultimate tensile stress in the material is
240 MPa. Adopt a factor of safety of 3. Also find the changes in the internal diameter and the volume of the
vessel. Assume E = 0.12 MN/mm2 and 1/m = 0.25. (MAY 2010)
3. A thin cylindrical shell made of a copper plate is subjected to an internal fluid pressure of 3 N/mm 2. The
wall thickness is 2.5mm; diameter of the cylinder is 150 mm and length 0.8m. Determine the (a) longitudinal
stress (b) Hoop stress (c) Change in volume. Assume E for copper as 1.2 x 10 5 N/mm2 and 1/m = 0.28.
4. A thin cylindrical shell 1200 mm long, 200 mm in internal diameter, thickness of metal 10 mm is filled
with a fluid at atm. pressure. If an additional volume of 40,000 mm 3 of fluid is pumped in to the cylinder,
find the pressure exerted by the fluid on the wall of the cylinder. Find also the hoop stress induced. Take E =
2 x 105 N/mm2 and Poisson's ratio = 0.3. (MAY 2012, MAY2015)
5.A cylindrical shell is 3m long and is having 1m internal diameter and 15 mm thickness. Calculate the
maximum intensity of shear stress induced and also the changes in dimensions of the shell, if it is subjected
to an internal fluid pressure of N/mm2. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and Poisson's ratio = 0.3.
6. Calculate the (i) change in volume (ii) change in diameter (iii) change in length of a thin cylindrical shell
100 cm in diameter, 1cm thick and 5m long when subjected to an internal pressure of 3 N/mm 2. Take E = 2 x
105 N/mm2 and Poisson's ratio = 0.3. (DEC 2015)
7. A cylindrical shell 3m long which is closed at the ends has an internal diameter of 1m and a wall
thickness of 15mm. Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses induced and also the changes in
the dimensions of the shell, if it is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.5 N/mm 2. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2
and = 0.3.
8. A cylindrical shell 3 m long, 1 m internal diameter and 10 mm thick is subjected to an internal pressure
of 1.5 N/mm2. Calculate the changes in length, diameter and volume of the cylinder. E = 200 kN/mm 2,
Poissons ratio = 0.3. (MAY 2015)
9. A thin cylindrical shell 1000 mm long, 200 mm in external diameter, thickness of metal 10 mm is filled
with a fluid at atmospheric pressure. If an additional 25 cm3 of the fluid is pumped in to the cylinder, find the
pressure exerted by the fluid on the wall. Take E = 2 x 10 5 N/mm2 and Poissons ratio = 0.3. Find also the
hoop stress induced. (NOV 2014)
10. A thin cylindrical shell 1.5m long, internal diameter 300mm and wall thickness 10mm is filled up with a
fluid at atmospheric pressure. If the additional fluid of 300 x 10 3 mm3 is pumped into the shell, find the
pressure exerted by the fluid on the shell. Take E = 2 x 10 5 N/mm2 and 1/m = 0.3. Also find the hoop stress
induced. (NOV 2013)
11. A cylindrical shell 1m in internal diameter and 15mm wall thickness is 3m long. Calculate the maximum
intensity of shear stress induced and also the changes in the dimensions of the shell, if it is subjected to an
internal pressure of 1.5 N/mm2. Take E = 2.04 x 105 N/mm2 and 1/m = 0.3. (DEC 2015)
12. A cylindrical shell 900mm long, 150mm internal diameter, having a thickness of 8mm is filled with a
fluid at atmospheric pressure. If an additional volume of 20,000mm 3 of fluid is pumped into the cylinder,
find (i) the pressure exerted by the fluid on the cylinder and Hoop stress induced. Take E = 2 x 10 5 N/mm2
and 1/m = 3.33.
13. Derive relations for change in dimensions and change in volume of a thin cylinder subjected to internal
pressure P. (NOV 2014)
14. Find the thickness of metal necessary for a thick cylindrical shell of internal diameter 160mm to
withstand an internal pressure of 8 N/mm2.The maximum hoop stressin the sectionis not to exceed 35N/mm 2
(NOV 2014)
15. Derive Lames Equation.

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