Eligibility for Probation Even After Appealing From an Erroneous

Judgment : The Colinares vs. People (G.R. No. 182748, December

13, 2011) Doctrine

DECISION
ABAD, J.:
I.

THE FACTS

Accused-appellant Arnel Colinares (Arnel) was charged with frustrated homicide for hitting
the head of the private complainant with a piece of stone. He alleged self-defense but the trial court
found him guilty of the crime charged and sentenced him to suffer imprisonment from 2 years and 4
months of prision correccional, as minimum, to 6 years and 1 day of prision mayor, as
maximum. Since the maximum probationable imprisonment under the law was only up to 6 years,
Arnel did not qualify for probation.
Arnel appealed to the Court of Appeals (CA), invoking self-defense and, alternatively,
seeking conviction for the lesser crime of attempted homicide with the consequent reduction of the
penalty imposed on him. His conviction was affirmed by the CA. Hence, this appeal to the Supreme
Court.
II.

THE ISSUES

Given a finding that Arnel is entitled to conviction for a lower [lesser] offense [of attempted
homicide] and a reduced probationable penalty, may he may still apply for probation on remand of
the case to the trial court?
III. THE RULING
[The Supreme Court voted to PARTIALLY GRANT the appeal, MODIFIED the CA decision
and found Arnel GUILTY of ATTEMPTED (not frustrated) HOMICIDE and SENTENCED him to and
indeterminate but PROBATIONABLE penalty of 4 months of arresto mayor as minimum and 2 years
and 4 months of prision correccional as maximum. The Court also voted 8-7 to allow Arnel
to APPLY FOR PROBATION within 15 days from notice that the record of the case has been
remanded for execution to trial court.]
YES, Arnel may still apply for probation on remand of the case to the trial court.
Ordinarily, Arnel would no longer be entitled to apply for probation, he having appealed from
the judgment of the RTC convicting him for frustrated homicide. But, the Court finds Arnel guilty only
of the lesser crime of attempted homicide and holds that the maximum of the penalty imposed on
him should be lowered to imprisonment of four months of arresto mayor, as minimum, to two years
and four months of prision correccional, as maximum. With this new penalty, it would be but fair to
allow him the right to apply for probation upon remand of the case to the RTC.
[W]hile it is true that probation is a mere privilege, the point is not that Arnel has the right to
such privilege; he certainly does not have. What he has is the right to apply for that privilege. The
Court finds that his maximum jail term should only be 2 years and 4 months. If the Court allows him

to apply for probation because of the lowered penalty, it is still up to the trial judge to decide whether
or not to grant him the privilege of probation, taking into account the full circumstances of his case.
If the Court chooses to go by the dissenting opinions hard position, it will apply the probation
law on Arnel based on the trial courts annulled judgment against him. He will not be entitled to
probation because of the severe penalty that such judgment imposed on him. More, the Supreme
Courts judgment of conviction for a lesser offense and a lighter penalty will also have to bend over
to the trial courts judgmenteven if this has been found in error. And, worse, Arnel will now also be
made to pay for the trial courts erroneous judgment with the forfeiture of his right to apply for
probation. Ang kabayo ang nagkasala, ang hagupit ay sa kalabaw (the horse errs, the carabao gets
the whip). Where is justice there?
Here, Arnel did not appeal from a judgment that would have allowed him to apply for
probation. He did not have a choice between appeal and probation. He was not in a position to say,
By taking this appeal, I choose not to apply for probation. The stiff penalty that the trial court
imposed on him denied him that choice. Thus, a ruling that would allow Arnel to now seek probation
under this Courts greatly diminished penalty will not dilute the sound ruling in Francisco. It remains
that those who will appeal from judgments of conviction, when they have the option to try for
probation, forfeit their right to apply for that privilege.
In a real sense, the Courts finding that Arnel was guilty, not of frustrated homicide, but only
of attempted homicide, is an original conviction that for the first time imposes on him a probationable
penalty. Had the RTC done him right from the start, it would have found him guilty of the correct
offense and imposed on him the right penalty of two years and four months maximum. This would
have afforded Arnel the right to apply for probation.

Eligibility for Probation Even After Appealing From an Erroneous

Judgment : The Colinares vs. People (G.R. No. 182748, December
13, 2011) Doctrine

DECISION
ABAD, J.:
I.

THE FACTS

Accused-appellant Arnel Colinares (Arnel) was charged with frustrated homicide for hitting
the head of the private complainant with a piece of stone. He alleged self-defense but the trial court
found him guilty of the crime charged and sentenced him to suffer imprisonment from 2 years and 4
months of prision correccional, as minimum, to 6 years and 1 day of prision mayor, as
maximum. Since the maximum probationable imprisonment under the law was only up to 6 years,
Arnel did not qualify for probation.
Arnel appealed to the Court of Appeals (CA), invoking self-defense and, alternatively,
seeking conviction for the lesser crime of attempted homicide with the consequent reduction of the
penalty imposed on him. His conviction was affirmed by the CA. Hence, this appeal to the Supreme
Court.
II.

THE ISSUES

Given a finding that Arnel is entitled to conviction for a lower [lesser] offense [of attempted
homicide] and a reduced probationable penalty, may he may still apply for probation on remand of
the case to the trial court?
III. THE RULING
[The Supreme Court voted to PARTIALLY GRANT the appeal, MODIFIED the CA decision
and found Arnel GUILTY of ATTEMPTED (not frustrated) HOMICIDE and SENTENCED him to and
indeterminate but PROBATIONABLE penalty of 4 months of arresto mayor as minimum and 2 years
and 4 months of prision correccional as maximum. The Court also voted 8-7 to allow Arnel
to APPLY FOR PROBATION within 15 days from notice that the record of the case has been
remanded for execution to trial court.]
YES, Arnel may still apply for probation on remand of the case to the trial court.
Ordinarily, Arnel would no longer be entitled to apply for probation, he having appealed from
the judgment of the RTC convicting him for frustrated homicide. But, the Court finds Arnel guilty only
of the lesser crime of attempted homicide and holds that the maximum of the penalty imposed on
him should be lowered to imprisonment of four months of arresto mayor, as minimum, to two years
and four months of prision correccional, as maximum. With this new penalty, it would be but fair to
allow him the right to apply for probation upon remand of the case to the RTC.
[W]hile it is true that probation is a mere privilege, the point is not that Arnel has the right to
such privilege; he certainly does not have. What he has is the right to apply for that privilege. The
Court finds that his maximum jail term should only be 2 years and 4 months. If the Court allows him
to apply for probation because of the lowered penalty, it is still up to the trial judge to decide whether
or not to grant him the privilege of probation, taking into account the full circumstances of his case.
If the Court chooses to go by the dissenting opinions hard position, it will apply the probation
law on Arnel based on the trial courts annulled judgment against him. He will not be entitled to
probation because of the severe penalty that such judgment imposed on him. More, the Supreme
Courts judgment of conviction for a lesser offense and a lighter penalty will also have to bend over
to the trial courts judgmenteven if this has been found in error. And, worse, Arnel will now also be
made to pay for the trial courts erroneous judgment with the forfeiture of his right to apply for
probation. Ang kabayo ang nagkasala, ang hagupit ay sa kalabaw (the horse errs, the carabao gets
the whip). Where is justice there?
Here, Arnel did not appeal from a judgment that would have allowed him to apply for
probation. He did not have a choice between appeal and probation. He was not in a position to say,
By taking this appeal, I choose not to apply for probation. The stiff penalty that the trial court
imposed on him denied him that choice. Thus, a ruling that would allow Arnel to now seek probation
under this Courts greatly diminished penalty will not dilute the sound ruling in Francisco. It remains
that those who will appeal from judgments of conviction, when they have the option to try for
probation, forfeit their right to apply for that privilege.
In a real sense, the Courts finding that Arnel was guilty, not of frustrated homicide, but only
of attempted homicide, is an original conviction that for the first time imposes on him a probationable
penalty. Had the RTC done him right from the start, it would have found him guilty of the correct
offense and imposed on him the right penalty of two years and four months maximum. This would
have afforded Arnel the right to apply for probation.

Right Against Cruel and Inhuman

Punishment
ARTICLE 3, SECTION 19 Philippine Constitution

----- Cruel, degrading or inhuman

punishment; excessive fines ----People v. Estoista
- illegal possession of firearms Republic Act. No. 4 is constitutional. It does not go against the
constitutional prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment having due regard to the prevalent
conditions which the law proposes to curb.

People v. Echegaray
death penalty; constitutional Courts are not the fora for a protracted debate on the morality or
propriety of the death sentence where the law itself provides therefor specific and well defined
criminal acts; Congress has the power to re-impose the death penalty for compelling reasons
involving heinous
crimes; This entails: 1) define and describe what heinous crimes mean; 2) specify and penalize by
death only crimes that qualify as heinous; 3) Congress be move by compelling reasons involving
heinous crimes.

----- Effect of abolition on application of

penal laws ----1. People v. Muoz
1987 Constitution does not expressly declare the abolition of the death penalty. It merely says that
the death penalty shall not be imposed and if already imposed, shall be reduced to reclusion
perpetua;

----- Death Penalty ----1. People v. Bon

repeal of RA 7659 by RA 9346 There can be no harmony between RA 9346 and the RPC unless
the latte statute is construed as having downgraded those penalties ATTACHED to death by reason
of the graduated scale under Art. 71 of the RPC; RA 9346 unequivocally bars the application of the
death penalty

3. To be appreciated against the accused, the qualifying and

aggravating circumstance must be both alleged in the Information and
proved during the trial (People vs. Edgar L. Legaspi, G.R. Nos. 136164-65,
April 20, 2001; People vs. Castanito S. Gano, G.R. No. 134373, February
28, 2001). Exception : People vs. Dalisay, G.R. No. 188106. November 25,
2009.
PEOPLE v. CASTANITO GANO
G.R. No. 134373 February 28, 2001

Accused was convicted of the crime of robbery with homicide, and sentenced to the penalty of
death. The core issue now before us is whether the three (3) killings should be appreciated as
separate aggravating circumstances to warrant the imposition of the penalty of death.
HELD:
The SC found the accused guilty of robbery with homicide, but imposed the penalty of reclusion
perpetua. It should be noted that there is no law providing that the additional rape/s or
homicide/s should be considered as aggravating circumstance. The enumeration of aggravating
circumstances under Article 14 of the Revised Penal Code is exclusive as opposed to the
enumeration in Article 13 of the same Code regarding mitigating circumstances where there is
specific paragraph (paragraph 10) providing for analogous circumstances.
It is true that the additional rapes (or killings in the case of multiple homicide on the occasion of
the robbery) would result in an "anomalous situation" where from the standpoint of the gravity of
the offense, robbery with one rape would be on the same level as robbery with multiple rapes.
However, the remedy lies with the legislature. A penal law is liberally construed in favor of the
offender and no person should be brought within its terms if he is not clearly made so by the
statute.