UOL

Yield criteria

#3
Submitted by:
Umer Farooq

Submitted to: Dr. Khazar Hayat

History of Plasticity

Yield criteria: In uniaxial state of stress, the point of failure or yield of material is obvious. In a simple tension
tests are the yield stress t while in a simple shear test it is the yield stress . The elastic limit or
yield stress is a function of the state of stress and some material constants. Under combined state
of stress we need some criterion that defines the elastic limits of a material.

Tresca
von Mises
Drucker-Prager
Tresca: The French engineer Tresca proposed this theory. It states that a member subjected to any state
of stress yields when the maximum shearing stress max in the member becomes equal to the
yield point stress y in a simple tension or compression test. Since the maximum shear stress in a
material under uniaxial stress condition is one half the value of normal stress and the maximum
normal stress is max.

max= y
max = maxmin /2
max and min are the maximum and minimum principal stresses respectively.

General multiaxial stress states: Mohrs

circle

for

simple

tension

max min = y

test

Special case: Plane stress

Let 1, 2 and 3 be the principle stresses (3 = 0).
When 1 and 2 are of opposite sign.

max = |12|/ 2
The yield condition is given by :
|1 2| = y
When 1 and 2 carry the same sign:
if |1| > |2|

max = |1 3|/ 2 = |1|/ 2

and |1| = y

if |1| < |2|

max = |2 3|/ 2 = |2|/ 2

and |2| = y

Von Mises Criterion: General multiaxial stress states

Yielding starts when the maximum shear energy in the material W,max equals the
maximum shear energy at yielding in a simple tension test W,y.
Shear energy: Part of the strain energy corresponds to volume-preserved shape change.
In terms of the stress components.

W,max=
W,y= Y 2/6G
Von Mises stress
vm=
In terms of the principal stresses 1, 2, 3:

Special case:
Let 1, 2 and 3 be the principle stresses (3 = 0).

2 1 12 + 2 2 = 2 y

In 1 2 plane, this equation represents an ellipse.

Drucker-Prager: The DruckerPrager yield criterion (DP) is a pressure-dependent model for determining whether
a material has failed or undergone plastic yielding. The yielding surface of the DP criterion may
be considered depending on the internal friction angle of the material and its cohesion.
The Drucker-Prager model modifies the Mohr-Coulomb yield function to avoid singularities
associated with corners. Unlike the Mohr-Coulomb model the Drucker-Prager yield surface is
smooth and plots as a cylindrical cone in the principal stress space. Similarly, to the MC model
the DP yield surface depends on the effective mean stress m. The current version of the DP
model implemented in FEM builds upon the assumption of triaxle extension. In other words, the
yield surface projection into the deviatory plane touches the inner corners of the Mohr-Coulomb
hexagon ( = -300), where is the Lode angle.