International Journal of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering Research (IJEEER)

ISSN(P): 2250-155X; ISSN(E): 2278-943X
Vol. 6, Issue 5, Oct 2016, 47-52
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd

FILTER APPLICATION EFFECTS FOR REMOVING THE

SPURIOUS EMISSIONS INDUCING IN CDMA SYSTEMS
DEOCK-HO HA
Department of Information and Communications Engineering, PuKyong National University, Busan, Korea
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we analysed spurious emission signals from the measurement data concerned to IM
(Intermodulation) interference signal inducing in the conventional 800MHz frequency band of CDMA (Code Division
Multiple Access) systems. Especially, to analyse the improvement of call-drop rate by removing the IM interference
signals which spurious emissions are generated from the RF repeater and boosters of UHF TV broadcasting systems, we
measured and evaluated drop-call rate in the base station of CDMA system. From the measurement results, it can be
seen that the spurious emissions generated from the UHF TV band can cause the degradation of CDMA system
performance. And it can be also seen that the drop-call rate of CDMA system can be improved by removing the IM
interference signals generated from the UHF TV broadcasting system.

IM Interference Signals, Improvement of Call-Drop Rate

Received: Sep 17, 2016; Accepted: Oct 12, 2016; Published: Oct 15, 2016; Paper Id.: IJEEEROCT20166

INTRODUCTION

Original Article

KEYWORDS: Measurement of Spurious Emissions, UHF TV Broadcasting Band, 800mhz CDMA System, Removing

It is also executing the spectrum auction policy in Korea. Recently, the new 700MHz frequency band is
expected to be sold by auction and then frequency reallocation should be realized soon [1]. Therefore, if the
conventional frequency band of 700MHz was redistributed by the government spectrum policy and new CDMA
mobile radio frequency band will be reallocated [2], it is necessary to analyse and understand the mutual
interference problems between adjacent wireless systems. To investigate and predict future research works of
solving interference problems, we analysed the interference signals from the measurement data concerned to the
mixing interference signal in the conventional 800MHz frequency band of CDMA systems. Especially, to
investigate the call-drop rate in CDMA system due to spurious emissions generated from UHF TV broadcasting
system [3], we have evaluated the drop-call rate in the base station of CDMA system. And also, by using a Notch
filter (Band Stop filter) we can remove spurious emissions occurred from the RF repeaters or boosters of UHF TV
system, and then improve the call-drop rate of CDMA system as well as increasing call completing rate.

SPURIOUS EMISSIONS FROM TV SYSTEM

As stated before, the wireless systems operate on the adjacent frequency bands of CDMA systems so the
UHF TV system can cause the interference signals induced in CDMA systems. In reality, wireless systems which
use RF repeater and LNA (Low Noise Amplifiers) devices generate undesired new frequency components
(IM signals; Inter-modulation signals) due to their nonlinear characteristics [3]. As shown in Figure 1, the UHF TV
system (776MHz 806MHz band) is serviced by 18~43 MHz band interval and that is different from CDMA
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Deock-Ho Ha

frequency band (824-849MHz (up-link), 869-894MHz (down-link)) the spurious emissions generated from the nonlinear
devices of RF repeaters or boosters used in TV system can easily be occurred [4]. Therefore, the interference signals
(IM signals) generated from the RF repeater of TV systems can be received in the base station antenna of CDMA systems,
and caused significant degradation of CDMA system performance.
Table 1 shows an example of IM signal generation from the conventional UHF TV frequency band. For examples,
both the 3rd IM signals((2f1-f2),(2f2-f1)) and 5th IM signals((3f1-2f2),(3f2-2f1)) generated from the frequency
f1(an examples of spurious emissions from TV frequency signals(A1,A2,C1,C2)) and f2(another spurious emissions
(A3,A4,A5,B5)) are shown in Table 1. As we can see from the Table 1, both the 3rd and 5th IM frequency signals indicated
by shadowed block combinations((A1,A4) (A1,A5) (A1,B5) (A2,A5) (A2,B5) (C1,C4) (C1,C5) (C1,B5) (C2,B5), and
(A1,A3) (A1,A4) (A1,B5) (A2,A3) (A2,A4) (C1,C3) (C1,B5) (C2,C4) (C2,C5) (C2,B5)) can be received in CDMA
up- link band(mobile station(MS) band) of A and B system service provider(SP). These IM signals caused the degradation
of CDMA system performance.
Table 1: An Example of Interfernce Signals Generated from UHF TV Frequency Band

(A, B SP: Service Provider (CDMA system operator) named by A and B Co. Ltd.)

MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS

In order to investigate the IM signals in CDMA systems, we have monitored call traffic situation of the CDMA
base station (BS) helped by A system service provider [4]. After detecting the base station representing inferior call
completing rate, we find a poor traffic area and then search the spurious emissions (IM signals) in the CDMA band used by
measurement system as shown in Figure 2. In our measurements, we detected that the IM signals less than -20dBm level
induce in the CDMA base station. And then, we measured the spurious signals in a vehicle rotating by Yagi antenna
mounted on the roof of vehicle, while the moving vehicle is still static. We measured IM signals occurred from the UHT
TV system that is inducing in CDMA system band. As stated before, because the UHF TV systems of 800~806MHz
frequency band signal and the CDMA up-link band (MS band) use 824~849MHz frequency band the interference signals
from the UHF TV systems can be easily induced in CDMA system [5]. Figure 3 shows an example of the measured IM
signals occurred from the UHF TV band, which is inducing in CDMA system band. In our measurements, in order to
remove the 3rd and 5th IM signals generated from TV system, we use Notch filter in both BS and MS station of CDMA
system as well as using spurious emissions removing filter from the TV boosters. The Notch filters specifications are as
follows: the frequency band; upper link band is 824.025~838.5MHz and down link band is 869.025~883.5MHz, Insertion
Impact Factor (JCC): 6.1843

NAAS Rating: 2.40

Filter Application Effects for Removing the

Spurious Emissions Inducing in CDMA Systems

49

loss 1.5dB, Reflection loss 20.0dB, Attenuation rate 10dBc (821MHz, 841.5MHz and 866MHz, 886.5MHz), and Isolation
is 105.0dBc, respectively [5, 6]. In our measurements, by adopting the Notch filter in CDMA systems, it can be clearly
seen that spurious signals displayed within the CDMA frequency band can be markedly removed. Table 2 shows
comparisons of the call completing rate (carried call rate) in CDMA system after and before removing the IM interference
signals. As we can see from Table 2, it can be convinced that the call completing rate, call traffic rate (established call rate),
and drop-call rate are remarkably improved as well as decreasing the number of call drop.

Figure 1: UHF TV and CDMA Frequency Band

Figure 2: Measurement System

(a) Spurious Emission from TV Booster

(b) Spurious Emission from RF Repeater of TV System

Figure 3: Examples of Spurious Emission Measurement of TV Booster and RF Repeater

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Deock-Ho Ha

Table 2: Comparisons of Call Completing Rate after and Before Removing

Spurious Emissions (A, B BS: Base Station of A and B)

CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we analysed and evaluated interference signals from the measurement data concerned to mixed
interference signal in the conventional 800MHz frequency band of CDMA systems. From the field tests, we measured the
spurious emission signals induced in 800MHz frequency band of CDMA system. As well as, we estimated call completing
rate of CDMA system after removing the IM signals by using a Notch filter in CDMA systems. As a result, it can be
convinced that the call traffic rate, call completing rate, and drop-call rate are remarkably improved as well as decreasing
the number of call drop. Both the call traffic rate and call completing rate are improved about 1.2(1.6%), and the drop-call
rate is also improved to the value of 0.32(24 %). To evaluate subjectively the overall call traffic performance, it will be
necessary to introduce any other spurious emission signals and also LNA devices factor from the total system noise into the
evaluation method. This will be done in further research.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by a Research Grant of PuKyong National University (2016 year).
REFERENCES
1.

Jae-Hyun Yeo, "The Present Condition and Politic Current Events on Spectrum Auction Policy(in Korean)," The Korean
Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, Electromagnetic Wave Technology Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 3-15, Mar.
2008.

2.

Korea Communications Commissions Report, "Overview of Spectrum Reallocations in Korea for the 700 MHz Frequency
Band(in Korean)," The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of Korea, Jul. 2015.

3.
4.

Sauel C. Yang, "CDMA RF System Engineeg," Artech House, 1999.

Kim Jong-Hyo, "A Method of Eliminating Unwanted Emission Signals Receiving within CDMA Frequency Band (in Korean),"
Masters Thesis, Department of Telematics Engineering, Graduate School of Industry, Pukyong National University, Busan
Korea, Feb. 2002.

5.

Deock-Ho Ha, Analysis of Interfernce Characteristics within the 800MHz CDMA Frequency Band(in Korean),Journl of
Korea Institue of Information Technology, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp.47-54, June 2015.

6.

Deock-Ho Ha, Improvements of Call-drop Rate of CDMA System by Removing Supurious Emissions from UHF TV
Frequency Band, Journl of Korea Institue of Information Technology, vol.14, No.6, June 2016 (to be published).

Impact Factor (JCC): 6.1843

NAAS Rating: 2.40

Filter Application Effects for Removing the

Spurious Emissions Inducing in CDMA Systems

51

Author Details

DEOCK-HO HA
1972.3 ~ 1979.2: BS, Electronics, Hanyang University, Seoul Korea.
1984. 3: MS, Electronics, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan.
1987. 3: Ph.D. Electronics, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan.
1986. 12 ~ 1987. 8: Research Engineer, The Wireless Research Laboratory of Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.
Ltd. Osaka, Japan.
1987. 9 ~ Present: Professor, Department of Information and Communications Engineering, PuKyong National
University, Busan Korea.
Research Interest: Indoor/outdoor propagation channel modeling CDMA, OFDM, UWB, USN/RFID.

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