Criminals

Recidivism - repeated or habitual relapse, as into crime. (60% in USA and 50% in
UK according to BBC), causing reconviction (70% of criminals reconvicted in UK
according to theguardian.com)
based on the Offender Reentry:
Correctional Statistics, Reintegration into
the Community, and Recidivism by the
Congressional Research Service

Mr. Corralez had one advantage as he applied for the position at Trader Joe's in
the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles . Both his brother-in-law and nephew
worked at the grocery store. But as his wife drove him to the interview, Corralez was
worried about that question on the application that asked if he had ever been
convicted of a felony. He had written: "Will discuss during interview."
When he arrived at the store, the manager queried him about his rsum.
Corralez went through his work experience, which all happened to be from his time in
prison, where he had been since he was 17: upholstery work, yard maintenance,
small engine repair, clerical tasks. "I explained my job experience," he says. "All the
courses I took anger management, morals and values."
Corralez didn't leave out why he went to prison, either. "I'm an ex-felon for the
offense of second-degree murder," he told the manager. A former member of The
Mob Crew, an East Los Angeles gang, he served 24 years for killing a member of the
rival MS-13 gang in a drive-by shooting. "This is the person I was," he said, "and this
is the person I am now."
According to Corralez, the manager stepped back, stunned. "Thank you for being
honest," Corralez recalls him saying. As the ex-prisoner walked to the bus stop, he
knew what it meant. "I took everything that I had accomplished, everything that I had
to do to get a second chance," he says. "But I could see it in his reaction. It was like
the nail in the coffin."
According to http://www.csmonitor.com/

Aid with post-incarceration employment reduces levels of recidivism (based on the

Offender Reentry: Correctional Statistics, Reintegration into the Community, and
Recidivism by the Congressional Research Service)
Crimnon, a rehabilitation centre working over 1700 institutions in 35 countries has
thousands of criminals graduate from its courses every week
Criminals face employment issues. Communication and trust with the rest of society may
be difficult to establish. Criminals also face prejudice, discrimination and social stigmas
Property offenders were the most likely to be rearrested, with 82.1 percent of released
property offenders arrested for a new crime compared with 76.9 percent of drug
offenders, 73.6 percent of public order offenders and 71.3 percent of violent offenders.
Jun 17, 2014, according to the National Institute of Justice
Italian professor and criminologist Cesare Lombroso stated in his book LUomo
Delinquente (The Criminal Man) written in 1876 that he believed prisons were criminal
universities.
Being in prison is a major cause of reconviction
According to www.bbhs-online.co.uk

Disabled
Disability Discrimination Act 1995, Equality Act 2010 in UK
1. Inadequate information and advice about how to enter the open workplace and obtain
ongoing support. For example: there is no one-stop shop for people with disabilities
looking for information, advice and ongoing support, there seems to be a lack of
coordination between different government services so that people with disabilities are
unclear about which State agencies can provide them with assistance, information about
the financial and health impacts of entering the open workplace is hard to find, there is
limited or delayed access to open employment services.
2. Financial costs of participation. For example: additional transport, support and other
costs associated with work, many of which are not subsidised.
3. Inflexible working environment. For example: , difficulties with physical access to the
workplace, and getting to and from work (eg.inadequate adjustments and adaptations to
workplace equipment, inflexible working hours )
4. More limited opportunities for people with disabilities. For example: underrepresentation in the vocational, education and training systems, limited scope and
variety of jobs offered to people with disabilities, lower possibilities for promotion, lower
paying jobs, lower retention rates.
According to https://www.humanrights.gov.au

In 2009, 47% of disabled people who privately rent their homes are obliged to live in
accommodation that is not adapted for their needs
23 per cent of disabled people have no qualifications, compared with 9 per cent of nondisabled people
40% believe that their choice of subjects or courses was restricted because of the
attitude of teaching staff or because of inaccessible premises
Employment rate for UK disabled adults of working age is around 50%, 25% less than the
overall working age population
Disabled people are twice as likely to live in relative poverty as non-disabled people
There are 277,000 adults supported by Local Authorities in institutional care (24 hour
monitoring, nursing support and sharing the service with other disabled people) in
England
44% of disabled people have missed social events or family gatherings because of
barriers related to their impairment
55% of disabled people felt they are unable to engage in hobbies or pastimes as often as
they would like because of barriers linked to their impairment
42% of disabled people said that they have been unable to go on holiday as often as
they would like because of barriers linked to their impairment
Even if public transport is accessible, disabled people are almost twice as likely as nondisabled people to say that they are fearful of travelling on it.
According to martinsibley.com

Ageing population

Senior Citizens Act in the Philippines

20% discounts on medical-related privileges, transportation, hotels, restaurants,
recreational facilities, places of leisure, recreation centers, funeral services
Utility discount (Grant of a minimum of 5% discount relative to the monthly use of water
and electricity, provided that the meter is registered under the name of the senior citizen
residing therein and does not exceed 100 kWh and 30 m.)
Tax exemption
Free medical and dental services
Free vaccinations
Social pension of P500
Often viewed as a handicap, and often rejected by the society (Dorothy Smith-Ruiz
of department of sociology, PhD, Howard University)
In 2010, for every 100 people, there were 45 who were younger than age 20 and 22
people aged 65 or older, meaning that there were four and a half workers supporting
each older person. As the ageing population grows, this ratio is projected to increase
dramatically, leaving fewer working people for every older one.
According to http://journalistsresource.org/

According to http://www.cct.org/