ZOOLOGY 106 REVIEWER: MUSCULAR TISSUES

Multiple choice test: Part I

There can be only one answer. Choose H if none of the
above.
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. A and B
E. B and C
F. A and C
G. A,B and C
For numbers one to twenty-seven,
1. Regulation of contraction via Ca2+ -troponin C
phosphorylation.
2. Regulation of contraction via Ca2+ -calmodulin
phosphorylation.
3. Voluntary control
4. Cross striations
5. Bundles of very long multinucleated cells
6. Composed of elongated, often branched cells bound
to one another
7. Consists of single small, closely packed fusiform
cell collections
8. Fibers of single multinucleated cells
9. Involuntary control
10. Aligned cells in branching arrangement
11. Centrally located nuclei
12. Cell response to increase load is hypertrophy.
13. Cell responses to increase load via hypertrophy and
hyperplasia.
14. Peripheral location of nuclei adjacent to the
sarcolemma
15. T tubules at center of triads at A-I junctions
16. T tubules in diads at Z discs
17. Connective tissue organization composed of
endomysium with subendocardial and subpericardial
connective tissue layers.
18. Connective tissue organization of endomysium and
less organized connective tissue sheaths.
19. T tubules are absent
20. Connective tissue organization composed of
endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium.
21. Efferent innervation is motor.
22. Efferent innervation is autonomic.
23. Connective tissue organization composed of
endomysium only.
24. Good capacity for regeneration as it involved muscle
cell mitosis.
25. Efferent innervation both motor and autonomic.
26. Very poor capacity for regeneration.
27. Limited capacity for regeneration which involve
myosatellite cells primarily.
28. All-or-none contractions.
29. Partial, slow, often spontaneous, wavelike and
rhythmic contractions.
30. Cell-to-cell junction is absent.
31. Cell-to-cell junction is present.

32.
33.
34.
35.
36.

Cell-to-cell junction via intercalated discs.

Single cell fibers.
Linear branched arrangement of several fibers.
Specialized for slow, prolonged contraction.
Fibers overlap and attach to each other by fusing
endomysium.
37. Cells secrete connective tissue matrix.
For numbers twenty eight onwards (sliding filament
mechanism or contraction cycle),
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4
E. Stage 5
38. Attachment
39. The myosin head tightly bound to the actin molecule
of the thin filament
40. Reattachment
41. Release
42. Myosin head binds tightly to a new actin molecule.
43. Force generation
44. Bending
45. The myosin head releases inorganic phosphate
46. It is when power stroke occurs
47. ADP and inorganic phosphate after breakdown still
bounded to the myosin head.
48. Due to change, the reduction of affinity of the

myosin head for the actin molecule of the thin

filament, causing the myosin head to uncouple
from the thin filament.
49. The myosin head, as a result of hydrolysis of ATP,
advances a short distance in relation to the thin
filament.
50. There is a 5 nm linear displacement of the myosin
head relative to the thin filament.
51. Myosin head uncoupled from the thin filament.
52. In this stage of the contraction cycle, ATP binds

to the myosin head and induces conformational

changes of the actin-binding site.
53. Release of inorganic phosphate results to myosin
head generating force as it returns to its original
unbent position.
54. Dephosphorylation or breakdown of ATP to ADP
and inorganic phosphate.

55. The myosin head binds weakly to its new binding

site on the neighboring actin molecule of the thin
filament, causing release of the inorganic
phosphate.
56. Release of inorganic phosphate results to increase
in binding affinity between myosin head and its
new attachment site.
57. Myosin head is tightly bound to the actin
molecule of the thin filament.
58. ATP is still absent during this stage.

ZOOLOGY 106 REVIEWER: MUSCULAR TISSUES

F. ATP is absent.
59. The ATP-binding site on the myosin head
8. The following holds true for muscle spindles
undergoes further conformational changes,
except:
causing the myosin head to bend.
A. It is encapsulated by a modified perimysium
60. ADP is lost from the myosin head.
B. Intrafusal fibers are contractile and sensory in
61. Z discs are pulled inward until the zone of overlap
nature
seems to lessen.
Multiple choice test: Part II
There are two answers per each question. Write G if all
of the above, and H if none of the above.
1. Arrange the capacity for regeneration in muscles in
ascending, and descending order respectively.
A. Smooth, skeletal, cardiac
B. Smooth, cardiac, skeletal
C. Cardiac, skeletal, smooth
D. Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
E. Cardiac, smooth, skeletal
2. Proteins of the M line
A. Alpha actinin
B. Myomesin
C. C protein
D. Tropomodulin
E. Titin
F. Nebulin
3. Proteins of the Z line (Choices same as number two)
4. Proteins of the thin filaments (Choices same as
number two)
5. Two ways of how skeletal muscles contract
A. Sarcoplasm
B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. Sarcolemma
D. Transverse tubules or T-Tubules
E. Nucleus
F. Mitochondria
6. Arrange the actin myosin interaction in ascending,
and descending order respectively.
A. Attachment, Bending, Release, Force
Regeneration, Reattachment
B. Release, Bending, Attachment, Force
Regeneration, Reattachment
C. Reattachment, Force Regeneration, Attachment,
Bending, Release
D. Attachment, Release, Bending, Power Stroke,
Reattachment
E. Reattachment, Force Regeneration, Bending,
Release, Attachment
F. Attachment, Release, Bending, Power stroke,
Force Regeneration, Attachment
7. The following holds true for rigor mortis except:
A. It is the hardening of muscles.
B. The hardening of muscles will loosen via
autolysis.
C. The myosin head still binds to actin filaments.
D. The mitochondria dies resulting to the absence
of ATP formation.
E. Formalin hardens the protein and prevents
autolysis.

9.

10.

11.
12.

13.

C. Extrafusal muscle fibers do contract and covers

the intrafusal muscle fiber.
D. Nerve fibers penetrate and wrap intrafusal
muscle fibers.
E. Extrafusal muscle fibers, like that of the
intrafusal, are also sensory in nature.
F. Muscle spindles are larger as compared to Golgi
tendon organs.
The following holds true for golgi tendon organs
except:
A. Golgi tendon organs are also for proprioception
like muscle spindles.
B. They are present at the myotendinous junction.
C. These tendon organs detect changes in tension.
D. Inhibiting motor activity due to excessive
tension is also one of its functions.
E. They penetrate the elastic bundles.
F. Golgi tendon organs are larger than the muscle
spindles.
Cardiac muscle T-tubules.
A. Diad
B. Z discs
C. One terminal cistern
D. Two terminal cistern
E. AI junction.
F. Invaginations of the sarcoplasm
Skeletal muscle T-tubules (Choice A is triad. The
rest are same that of number 10).
Which of the following holds true in lieu of smooth
muscle contraction mechanism?
A. Addition of ATP of phosphorylation results to
formation of active myosin II.
B. Addition of phosphatase to active myosin II
forms the inactive myosin II.
C. In the presence of ADP, the myosin head bends.
D. Myosin head bending results to relaxation and
not contraction.
E. Contraction of myosin head is due to
phosphatase.
Arrange the muscle tissues in accordance to
increasing, and decreasing sizes respectively.
A. Muscle tissue, fiber, fascicle, myofilaments,
myofibrils
B. Muscle tissue, fascicle, fiber, myofibrils,
myofilaments
C. Myofilaments, myofibrils, fiber, fascicle,
muscle tissue
D. Myofibrils, myofilaments, fascicle, fiber,
muscle tissue
E. Muscle tissue, filaments, fibrils, fascicle, fiber

ZOOLOGY 106 REVIEWER: MUSCULAR TISSUES

From numbers 10 to 27, choose two choices from
number 10.
14. These skeletal muscle fibers are slow twitch,
fatigue-resistant motor units.
A. Type I fibers
B. Type IIa fibers
C. Type IIb fibers
D. Fast glycolytic fibers
E. Fast oxidative glycolytic fibers
F. Slow oxidative glycolytic fibers
15. These skeletal muscles are fast-twitch, fatigueresistant motor units.
16. These skeletal muscles are fast-twitch, fatigue-prone
motor units.
17. Biomolecular properties having high amounts of
myoglobin, mitochondria, and glycogen.
18. Also known as white fibers.
19. Also known as red fibers due to myoglobin.
20. Also known as intermediate fibers.
21. Myosin ATPase reaction velocity is the slowest of
all the fiber types.
22. These muscle fibers generate the highest peak of
muscle tension.

C. Actin exposure for myosin binding

D. Calmodulin binds Ca2+ triggering myosin
phosphorylation via MLCK
E. Actin exposure via Troponin C Ca2+ bind.
3. Major type of muscle fibers
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Visceral muscle
E. Striated muscle
4. Major locations of the smooth muscle.
A. Blood vessels
B. Blood
C. Digestive and respiratory tracts
D. Uterus
E. Bladder
5. Accessory proteins
A. Titin, alpha actinin
B. Nebulin, Tropomodulin
C. Desmin, myomesin
D. C protein, dystrophin
E. Troponin-C, Troponin-T
6. A band
A. Birefringent
23. These fibers are adapted to contractions needed to
B. Smooth muscle
maintain erect posture.
C. Anisotropic
24. With relative amounts of glycogen for anaerobic
D. Dark bands
glycolysis, medium size of mitochondria, and
E. Doubly refractive
high myoglobin content.
7.
Key features of MEP
25. Their myosin ATPase velocity is the fastest of all
A. Synaptic vesicles of acetylcholine
the fiber types.
B. Synaptic clef
26. These muscle fibers generate the lowest in terms
C. Postsynaptic membrane
of muscle tension.
D. Sarcolemma with junctional folds
27. They are principal fibers of the long muscles of
E. Presynaptic membrane
the back in humans, and postural muscles.
8. Muscle spindle
28. ATP production via oxidative, glycolytic, or
A. Capsule
anaerobic respiration.
B. Extrafusal muscle fiber
29. They constitute most of the extraocular muscles
C. Intrafusal muscle fibers
and muscles controlling movements of the digits.
D. Stretch receptor
30. They fatigue rapidly due to the production of
E. Afferent and efferent nerve fiber
lactic acid.
9. Smooth muscles
31. They exhibit high anaerobic activity due to few
A. Alimentary canal
mitochondria content as means of ATP
B. Blood vessels
production.
C. Urinary bladder
Odd one out. Choose the letter of the answer which does
D. Gallbladder
not belong to the group. Write F if none of the above.
E. Uterus
1. Major locations of the skeletal muscle
10. Mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle
A. Tongue
A. Intracellular calcium released
B. Diaphragm
B. Binding of calmodulin
C. Eyes
C. Calcium-calmodulin complex binding to MLCK
D. Heart
D. Active MLCK binds to actin and phosphorylate
E. Upper esophagus
it
2. Control of contraction in muscles
E. Active myosin binds to actin
A. Troponin C binds Ca2+
Identification: Write the word/s asked in each question.
B. Movement of tropomyosin resulting to actin
1. Regulatory proteins binding to actin filament.
exposure
2. Properties of muscle fibers.

ZOOLOGY 106 REVIEWER: MUSCULAR TISSUES

3.

Formed from interaction of skeletal muscle to

tendon.
4. Oxygen binding protein present in skeletal muscle
fiber.
5. Serves as a covering of the active processes where
myosin-binding sites attach.
6. Three major myofibril proteins.
7. Two sites in the head of a thick filament.
8. Where Ca2+ binds in thin filament.
9. Largest protein in the body.
10. Two ways of how skeletal muscle contracts.
11. Association of actin and nerve fibers.
12. Stages of sliding filament mechanism (write from
earliest to latest stage)
13. Causative agent of tetanus toxin.
14. Types of cardiac muscle fibers.
15. The cytoplasm of muscle fibers.
16. The other term for neuromuscular junctions.
17. Plasma membrane of muscle fibers.
18. Invaginations of the plasma membrane of muscle
fibers.
19. Stores and sequesters calcium used during muscular
contraction.
20. Three major proteins of the myofibrils.
21. Two types of contractile proteins.
22. This line divides the sarcomere into two.
23. This line serves as boundaries of the sarcomere.
24. Where electric signals flow (traverses) or being
created in a motor end plate.
25. Three types of skeletal muscle fibers.
26. The configuration where myosin head tightly bounds
to the actin molecule, and ATP is absent.
27. It occurs as the myosin head straightens which
moves the thin filaments along thick filaments.
28. Principal histologic feature of striated muscle.
29. They are composed of myofilament bundles.
30. Three types of smooth muscle fibers.
31. Serves as attachment sites between cardiac muscles.
32. It initiates the contraction cycle after its activation
by Ca2+-calmodulin complex.
33. Invaginations of the sarcolemma in smooth muscle
cells.
34. State of force of smooth muscle contraction
maintained for long periods after initial
phosphorylation.
35. Primary role of muscle tissue.
36. Basic contractile unit of striated muscles.
True or false. Write A if the first statement is true while
B if the second statement is true. Write C if both of the
statements are correct, and D if both are incorrect.
1. The sarcolemma of a fiber is surrounded by an
external lamina and thin connective tissue. It also
contains capillaries.
2. Groups of fibers are known as fascicles surrounded
by perimysium. All fascicles are surrounded by a
loose connective tissue epimysium.

3.

A muscle fiber is filled with myofibril. A myofibril

is composed is myofilaments- thin myosin, and thick
actin filaments.
4. The myofilaments interdigitate. Thick and thin
filaments comprise a sarcomere.
5. In skeletal muscle histogenesis, myoblasts are the
precursor cells. Later, these myoblasts will fuse to
form myotubes.
6. Groups of fibers called fissures are surrounded by
perimysium. The perimysium is innervated and
vascularized.
7. Differentiation of myotubes form the muscle fibers.
Myosatellite cells associated to muscle fibers are
product of mesenchymal cells.
8. The endomysium closes all fascicles. This is also
known as the fascia removed to expose the muscle.
9. The mitochondria are for anaerobic respiration. The
chromatophores undergo apoptosis with by-products
known as residual bodies.
10. Troponin and tropomyosin are structural proteins.
They are proteins contained by the thin filament.
11. Dystrophin is encoded in the Y chromosome. For
this reason, Duchennes muscular dystrophy
happens only in men.
12. In skeletal muscles, the transverse tubules are
centers of diads at AI junctions. Moreover,
sarcoplasmic reticulum is well developed, with two
terminal cisterns in triads with T-tubules.

13. Regulation of contraction involves Ca2_,

sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the transverse tubular
system. Movement of muscles results to myosin
heads in the same thick filament attach to actin
filaments although an individual may detach.
14. Shortening of the sarcomere results from the
synparallel arrangement in H band. This action
pulls the thin filament into the A band.
15. The H band is the only region in A band which
only exposes thick filament. I band is dark while
A band is light.
16. In cardiac muscles, myoblast fuse to form
myotubes then differentiate afterwards.
Meanwhile, in smooth muscles, myoblast branch
out and connect with other myoblasts.
17. In a cardiac muscle fiber, sarcoplasm is filled by
myofibrils yet it will not displace nucleus. Their T
tubules have one terminal cistern in triad with T
tubules at AI junctions.
18. The fascia adherens have beta actinins which
anchor filaments. Meanwhile, macula adherens
are bound tightly together at heart to prevent
detachment.
19. Gap junctions allow transfer of calcium ions.
Besides that, it mainly serves for electronic
coupling.

ZOOLOGY 106 REVIEWER: MUSCULAR TISSUES

20. Atrial natriuretic factor promotes conservation of
water. Meanwhile, aldosterone conserves water.
21. Testosterone promotes increase in myofibrils which
is a component of steroids. They increase in
hyperplasia but not in hypertrophy.
22. Atrial cardiac muscle fibers are granulated.
Meanwhile, ventricular cardiac muscle fibers are
agranulated.
23. Smooth muscle thin filaments have troponin. Their
thick filaments meanwhile are side polar.
24. The thick filaments of smooth muscle fibers are not
always present. Moreover, they have Caveolae
which is the counterpart of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
25. Side polar thick filaments are for cardiac and
skeletal muscles. Meanwhile, bipolar thick filaments
are for smooth muscles.
26. Thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are anchored
by alpha actinin dense bodies associated with
sarcolemma. Meanwhile, the Caveolae are
sarcolemma-associated vesicles containing secretory
proteins.
27. Unitary smooth muscles can be of visceral and
vascular. They are different in terms of location.
28. Relaxed smooth muscle fiber are corked smooth
shape. Meanwhile contracted smooth muscle fiber
are long and tapering.
Modified true or false. Write TRUE if the statement is
true and change the underlined word or phrase is the
statement is incorrect.
1. Muscular tissues originate mesodermally.
2. Rigor mortis is a manifestation of a relaxed skeletal
muscle.
3. Skeletal muscle fibers are syncytial.
4. Muscle is an organ.
5. Skeletal muscle fibers are said to be the largest
among all the muscle fiber types.
6. Motor end plates of skeletal muscles induce
excitability via nerve fibers.
7. Myomeres are sarcomeres.
8. Troponin and tropomyosin are found in thick
filaments.
9. The head and tail are two parts of an actin filament.
10. Myofilaments do not slide but instead shrink.
11. Neuromuscular junction is an association of actin
and nerve fibers.
12. Antiparallel arrangement results from myosin heads
arranged as mirror images on either sides of the Z
band.
13. General resistance to fatigue is inversely
proportional to tension generation.
14. The intercalated discs have macula adherens, fascia
adherens, and nexus for communication.
15. A diuretic which promotes increase in production of
urine results to decrease of water excretion.
16. Vascular unitary smooth muscles have dense bodies
linked by desmin-containing intermediate filaments.

17. Side polar thick filament lacks bare zone or H band.

18. Dense bodies of smooth muscle fibers provide an
attachment site for thin and thick filaments.
19. The visceral unitary smooth muscles have dense
bodies associated with vimentin and desmin.
20. Multiunit smooth muscle can be found in blood
vessels.

21. Nerve terminals in smooth muscle are observed

only in the connective tissue adjacent to the
muscle cells.
22. The myotomes are between two adjacent Z line.
23. The functional unit of the myofibril is the
sarcoplasm.
Medical applications. Choose from the pool of medical
conditions and terminologies for the following questions.
Duchennes muscular dystrophy
Myometrium
Myasthenia gravis
Fibroids
Tetanus
Botulism
Anabolic steroids
Curare
Myocardial infarction
Ischemia
Leiomyomas
Hypertension
Anabolic steroids
1. Benign smooth muscle cancer.
2. Absence of the dystrophin protein resulting to a
progressive muscular weakness.
3. Necrosis of cardiac tissues due to hypoxia.
4. Tissue damage due to lack of oxygen.
5. Left ventricular hypertrophy which will make the
hear chamber small in diameter so blood supply
decreases.
6. Smooth muscle undergoing hypertrophy and
hyperplasia during pregnancy.
7. Poison from plants targeting neuromuscular
junctions which inhibits one from moving.
8. Flaccid paralysis
9. Rigid paralysis
10. Autoimmune disorder by which antibodies are
against acetylcholine receptors causing muscles
having hard time to contract.
11. Leiomyomas in uterus.
Essay. Write at least two to three sentences for each
questions asked.
1. Do mature cardiac muscle cells able to divide?
Explain.
2. Kindly expound the concept of a nonfatal
myocardial infarction.
3. Differentiate parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve
fibers termination at cardiac muscle nodes.
4. Explain cross striations based on the present bands,
lines, and discs.

ZOOLOGY 106 REVIEWER: MUSCULAR TISSUES

Multiple choice test: Part I
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. E
10. B
11. E
12. D
13. C
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. B
18. C
19. C
20. A
21. A
22. E
23. H
24. C
25. H
26. B
27. A
28. D
29. C
30. A
31. E
32. B
33. F
34. B
35. A
36. C
37. C
38. A
39. A
40. E
41. B
42. E
43. D
44. C
45. C
46. C
47. C
48. B
49. D
50. C
51. C

52. B
3. F Skeletal or striated, cardiac,
53. D
and smooth or visceral are three
54. C
muscle types
55. D
4. F
56. D
5. F
57. A
6. B Smooth muscle lacks cross
58. A
striation
59. C
7. E
60. D
8. B The extrafusal muscle fiber
61. D
just surrounds the muscle spindle.
9. F
Multiple choice test: Part II
1. AC not CA
10. D Myosin instead of actin
2. BC
Identification
3. AE
1. Tropomyosin and troponin
4. DF
2. Excitability, contractibility,
5. BD
extensibility, elasticity
6. DE (Power stroke happens during 3. Endomysium
force regeneration)
4. Myoglobin
7. H
5. Tropomyosin
8. BE Intrafusal is only for sensory6. Contractile, regulatory, structural
while extrafusal is for contraction. 7. Actin binding site; ATP and
9. EF Collagen bundles; Muscle
ATPase binding site.
spindle > Golgi tendon organs in 8. Troponin
size.
9. Titin
10. DE These are T tubule
10. T-Tubules and Sarcoplasmic
characteristic of skeletal muscle
reticulum
11. BC Cardiac muscle
11. Neuromuscular junction
12. AB
12. Attachment, Release, Bending,
13. BC
Force regeneration, reattachment
14. AF
13. Clostridium tetani
15. BE
14. Atrial and ventricular
16. CD
15. Sarcoplasm
17. AF
16. MEP (Motor end plates)
18. CD
17. Sarcolemma
19. AF
18. Transverse tubules
20. BE
19. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
21. AF
20. Structural, contractile, regulatory
22. CD
21. Actin and myosin
23. AF
22. M line
24. BE
23. Z line
25. CD
24. Junctional folds
26. AF
25. Type I, type IIa, type IIb
27. AF
26. Rigor configuration
28. BE
27. Power stroke
29. CD
28. Cross striation
30. CD
29. Myofibrils
31. CD
30. Unitary visceral, unitary vascular,
Odd one out: Part I
multiunit
1. D Part of cardiac muscle
31. Intercalated disc
2. D Smooth muscle control of
32. Myosin light chain kinase
contraction; the rest are applicable 33. Caveolae
for both skeletal and cardiac.
34. Latch state

ZOOLOGY 106 REVIEWER: MUSCULAR TISSUES

23. B Smooth muscle thin filaments 2.
dont have troponin.
24. C
25. D Bipolar is for cardiac and
skeletal; smooth is for side-polar. 3.
26. A Regulatory proteins and not
secretory proteins.
27. C
28. D
Modified true or false
4.
1. TRUE
2. Fully contracted
3. TRUE Syncytium/ symplasm is
a multinucleated cell resulting
from multiple cell fusions of
uninuclear cells.
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
6. Nerve bundles, not MEP or
neuromuscular junctions
7. TRUE
8. Thin (actin filaments)
9. Myosin
10. Do not shrink but instead slide
11. TRUE
12. H band
13. TRUE
14. TRUE
15. Increase
16. Vascular unitary smooth muscle
17. TRUE
18. Thin and intermediate
19. Vascular unitary smooth muscle
20. Iris smooth muscle
results from the antiparallel
21. TRUE
arrangement in H band.
22. Myofibrils
A - The I band is light (isotopic) 23. Sarcomere
while A band is dark
Medical applications
(anisotropic).
1. Leiomyomas
D Skeletal muscles fuse while 2. Duchennes muscular dystrophy
cardiac muscles branch out.
3. Myocardial infarction
A - Their T tubules have one
4. Ischemia
terminal cistern in diad with T 5. Hypertension
tubules at Z discs.
6. Myometrium
B Alpha and not beta actinin 7. Curare
8. Botulism
C
9. Tetanus
D ANF promotes release of
water while aldosterone conserves 10. Myasthenia gravis
11. Fibroids
water.
A - They increase in hypertrophy Essay
1. Yes, recent studies show damaged
but not in hyperplasia
cells are potentially replaced via
C
nuclei mitosis although it is low.

35. Contraction
36. Sarcomere
True or false
1. C
2. A Epimysium is a dense
connective tissue.
3. A Actin filament is thin while
myosin filament is thick.
4. C
5. C
6. B Group of muscle fibers are
known as fascicles
7. C
8. D The epimysium closes all
fascicles. The epimysium is also
known as fascia.
9. D The mitochondria is for
aerobic respiration; lipofuscin
pigments undergo apoptotic
process producing residual
bodies.
10. B Troponin and tropomyosin
are regulatory proteins.
11. B Dystrophin is encoded by the
X chromosome.
12. D - In skeletal muscles, the
transverse tubules are centers of
triads at AI junctions. Moreover,
sarcoplasmic reticulum is well
developed, with two terminal
cisterns in triads with T-tubules.
13. C
14. B - Shortening of the sarcomere

15.

16.
17.

18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

Nonfatal MI Lost of cardiac

function at site of injury due to
replacement of cardiac muscles to
fibrous connective tissue.
Sympathetic stimulation
accelerates heartbeat by
increasing impulses. Meanwhile,
parasympathetic stimulation
decelerates heartbeat via
decreasing impulses.
A band vs I band Anisotropic
(birefringent alter polarized
light in two planes); Isotropic
(monofringent (do not alter
polarized light)
Z line or disc Bisects light I
band
H band Bisects dark A band
M line Bisects H band