Near-Source Factor Na

Near-Source Factor Nv
Seismic
Closest Distance To
Source
Known Seismic Source
Type
5 km
10 km
Seismic
Closest Distance To
A
1.2
1.0
Source
Known Seismic Source
B
1.0
1.0
Type
10 km
15 km
C
1.0
1.0 5 km
A
1.6
1.2
1.0
B
1.2
1.0
1.0
Seismic
Coefficients, Ca
C
1.0
1.0
1.0
Seismic
Coefficients, Cv
SoilTable 208
Seismic
Zone
Factor,
Z
- 2 Soil
Profile
Types
Profile
Z = 0.2
Z = 0.4
Average Soil
Type
Soil
Properties
SA Soil
0.16
0.32 Nafor Top
Profile
30 m 0.40
of Soil
SB Pro
0.20
Na Profile
Shear 0.40
SPT,
Undr
SC file Name/Ge
0.24
Na
Wave
N
ained
SD Typ
0.28
0.44
N
a
neric
SE e
0.34
Na Shear
Veloc 0.44
(blow
Descripti
Site-specific ity,Vsgeotechnical
s/
Stren
on
investigation
and
dynamic
(m/s)
300
gth,
SF
response analysis shall be
mm)
(kPa)
performed to determine seismic
SA coefficients.
Hard rock
>
1,500
SB
Rock
760
1,500
Very
SC
Dense
360
Soil and
> 50
>100
760
Soft rock
SD
Stiff Soil
180
15
50
Profile
360
50
100
SE1
Soft Soil
< 180
<15
<50
profile
Soil Requiring Site-Specific
SF
Evaluation.
See definition below.

Soil Profile
Seismic Zone Factor, Z
Type
Z = 0.2
Z = 0.4
SA
0.16
0.32 NV
SB
0.20
0.40 NV
SC
0.32
0.56 NV
SD
0.40
0.64 NV
SE
0.64
0.96 NV
Site-specific
geotechnical
investigation
and
dynamic
SF
response analysis shall be
performed to determine seismic
coefficients.

Soil Profile Type SE also includes any soil profile with more than 3.0 meters of soft clay defined as a soil with
plasticity index, PI>20, wmc >40 percent and su < 24 kPa.

Table 208-11A Earthquake Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Concrete

System Limitation
and Building
Height Limitation
Basic Seismic Force Resisting System
R
o
by Zone, m
Zone 2
Zone 4
A. Bearing Wall Systems
4.5
2.8
NL
50
Special reinforced concrete shear walls
4.5
2.8
NL
NP
Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls
B. Building Frame Systems
Special reinforced concrete shear walls
5.5
2.8
NL
75
or braced frames
Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls
5.6
2.2
NL
NP
or braced frames
Intermediate precast concrete shear
5.5
2.8
walls or braced frames
C. Moment-Resisting Frame Systems
Special reinforced concrete moment
8.5
2.8
NL
NL
frames
Intermediate reinforced concrete
5.5
2.8
NL
NP
moment frames
Ordinary reinforced concrete moment
3.5
2.8
NL
NP
frames
D. Dual Systems
8.5
2.8
NL
NL
Special reinforced concrete shear walls
6.5
2.8
NP
NP
Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls
E. Dual System with Intermediate Moment
Frames
6.5
2.8
NL
50
Special reinforced concrete shear walls

Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls

Shear walls frame interactive system
with ordinary reinforced concrete
moment frames and ordinary reinforced
concrete shear walls
F. Cantilevered Column Building Systems
Cantilevered column elements
G. Shear wall Frame Interactive Systems

4.2

2.8

NL

50

4.2

2.8

NP

NP

2.2
5.5

2.0
2.8

NL
NL

10
50

Table 208-11B Earthquake Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Steel

System Limitation
and Building
Height Limitation
Basic Seismic Force Resisting System
R
o
by Zone, m
Zone 2
Zone 4
A. Bearing Wall Systems
Light steel-framed bearing walls with
2.8
2.2
NL
20
tension-only bracing
Braced frames where bracing carries
4.4
2.2
NL
50
gravity load
Light framed walls sheathed with wood
4.5
2.8
NL
20
structural panels rated for shear
resistance or steel sheets
Light framed walls with shear panels of
4.5
2.8
NL
20
all other light materials
Light framed wall systems using flat
2.8
2.2
NL
NP
strap bracing
B. Building Frame Systems
Steel eccentrically braced frames (EBF),
8.5
2.8
NL
30
moment-resisting connections at
columns away from links
Steel eccentrically braced frames (EBF),
6.0
2.2
NL
30
non moment-resisting connections at
columns away from links
Special concentrically braced frames
6.0
2.2
NL
30
(SCBF)
Ordinary concentrically braced frames
3.2
2.2
NL
NP
(OCBF)
Light-framed walls sheathed with wood
6.5
2.8
NL
20
structural panels/sheet steel panels
Light-framed walls sheathed with shear
2.5
2.8
NL
NP
panels of all other materials
Buckling-restrained braced
7.0
2.8
NL
30
frames(BRBF), non moment-resisting
beam-column connection
Buckling-restrained braced frames,
8.0
2.8
NL
30
moment-resisting beam-column
connection
7.0
2.8
NL
30
Special steel plate shear walls (SPSW)
C. Moment-Resisting Frame Systems
8.0
3
NL
NL
Special moment-resisting frame (SMRF)
Intermediate steel moment frames
4.5
3
NL
NP
(IMF)
3.5
3
NL
NP
Ordinary moment frames (OMF)
6.5
3
NL
NP
Special truss moment frames (STMF)
Special composite steel and concrete
8
3
NL
NL
moment frames
5
3
NL
NP
Intermediate composite moment frames
6
3
48
NP
Composite moment frames
3
3
NP
NP
Ordinary composite moment frames
D. Dual Systems with Special Moment Frames
8
2.8
NL
NL
Steel eccentrically braced frames
Special steel concentrically braced
7
2.8
NL
NL
frames
Composite steel and concrete
8
2.8
NL
NL
eccentrically braced frame
Composite steel and concrete
6
2.8
NL
NL
concentrically braced frame
7.5
2.8
NL
NL
Composite steel plate shear walls

Buckling-restrained braced frame

Special steel plate shear walls
Masonry shear wall with steel OMRF
Steel EBF with steel SMRF
Steel EBF with steel OMRF
Special concentrically braced frames
with steel SMRF
Special concentrically braced frames
with steel OMRF
E. Dual System with Intermediate Moment
Frames
Special steel concentrically braced
frame
Composite steel and concrete
concentrically braced frame
Ordinary composite braced frame
Ordinary composite reinforced concrete
shear walls with steel elements

8
8
4.2
8.5
4.2

2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8

NL
NL
NL
NL
NL

NL
NL
50
NL
50

7.5

2.8

NL

NL

4.2

2.8

NL

50

2.8

NL

NP

5.5

2.8

NL

NP

3.5

2.8

NL

NP

2.8

NL

NP

Table 208-11B (Contd) Earthquake Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Steel

System Limitation
and Building
Height Limitation
Basic Seismic Force Resisting System
R
o
by Zone, m
Zone 2
Zone 4
F. Cantilevered Column Building Systems
2.2
2.0
10
10
Special steel moment frames

1.2
2.0
10
NP
Intermediate steel moment frames
1.0
2.0
10
NP
Ordinary steel moment frames
2.2
2.0
NL
10
Cantilevered column elements
G. Steel Systems not Specifically Detailed for
Seismic Resistance, Excluding Cantilever
3
3
NL
NP
Systems
Table 208-11D Earthquake Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Wood
System Limitation
and Building
Height Limitation
Basic Seismic Force Resisting System
R
o
by Zone, m
Zone 2
Zone 4
A. Bearing Wall Systems
Light-framed walls with shear panels:
5.5
2.8
NL
20
wood structural panel walls for
structures three stories or less
Heavy timber braced frames where
2.8
2.2
NL
20
bracing carries gravity load
Light-framed walls with wood shear
NA
NA
panel walls for structures three stories
or less
NA
NA
Al other light framed walls
Heavy timber-braced frames where
2.8
2.2
NL
20
bracing carries gravity load
B. Building Frame Systems
Light-framed walls with shear panels:
6.5
2.8
NL
20
wood structural panel walls for
structures three stories or less
5.6
2.2
NL
20
Ordinary heavy timber-braced frames

Table 208-11C Earthquake Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Masonry

System Limitation
and Building
Height Limitation
Basic Seismic Force Resisting System
R
o
by Zone, m
Zone 2
Zone 4

A. Bearing Wall Systems

Masonry shear walls
B. Building Frame Systems
Masonry shear walls
C. Moment-Resisting Frame Systems
Masonry moment resisting wall frames
(MMRWF)
D. Dual Systems
Masonry shear walls with SMRF
Masonry shear walls with steel OMRF
Masonry shear walls with concrete IMRF
Masonry shear walls with masonry
MMRWF

R and o Factors for Non-building Structures

Structure
R
o
1. Vessels, including tanks and
pressurized spheres, on braced
2.2
2.0
or unbraced legs.
2. Cast-in-place concrete silos
and chimneys having walls
3.6
2.0
continuous to the foundations
3. Trussed towers (freestanding
or guyed), guyed stacks and
2.9
2.0
chimneys
4.Cantilevered column-type
2.2
2.0
structures
5. Cooling Towers

3.6

2.0

4.5

2.8

NL

50

5.5

2.8

NL

50

6.5

2.8

NL

50

5.5
4.2
4.2

2.8
2.8
2.8

NL
NL
NL

50
50
NP

6.0

2.8

NL

50

Structure

6. Bins and hoppers on

braced or unbraced legs

2.9

2.0

7. Storage racks

3.6

2.0

8. Signs and billboards

3.6

2.0

2.2

2.0

2.9

2.0

9. Amusement structures
and monuments
10. All other selfsupporting structures not
otherwise covered

Horizontal Force Factors, ap and Rp for Elements of Structures and Nonstructural Components and Equipment
Category

Element or Component
1. Walls including the following:
a. Unbraced (cantilevered) parapets
b. Exterior walls at or above the ground floor and
parapets braced above their centers of gravity
1. Elements of
c. All interior-bearing and non-bearing walls
Structures
2. Penthouse (except when framed by an extension of the
structural frame)
3. Connections for prefabricated structural elements other
walls.
1. Exterior and interior ornamentations and appendages
2. Chimneys, stacks and trussed towers supported on or
projecting above the roof
a. Laterally braced or anchored to the structural frame at
a point below their centers of mass
b. Laterally braced or anchored to the structural frame at
1.
2.
or above their centers of mass
Nonstructur
3. Signs and billboards
al
4. Storage racks (include contents) over 1.8 meters tall
Component
5. Permanent floor-supported cabinets and book stacks
s
more than 1.8 meters in height (include contents)
6. Anchorage and lateral bracing for suspended ceilings and
light fixtures
7. Access floor systems
8. Masonry or concrete fences over 1.8 meters high
9. Partitions
1. Tanks and vessels (include contents), including support
systems.
2. Electrical, mechanical and plumbing equipment and
associated conduit and ductwork and piping
2.
3. Any flexible equipment laterally braced or anchored to
Equipme
the structural frame at a point below their center of mass
nt
4. Anchorage of emergency power supply systems and
essential communications equipment.
5. Temporary containers with flammable or hazardous
materials.
3. Other
1. Rigid components with ductile material and attachments.

ap

Rp

2.5

3.0

1.0

3.0

1.0

3.0

2.5

4.0

1.0

3.0

2.5

3.0

2.5

3.0

1.0

3.0

2.5
2.5

3.0
4.0

1.0

3.0

1.0

3.0

1.0
1.0
1.0

3.0
3.0
3.0

1.0

3.0

1.0

3.0

2.5

3.0

1.0

3.0

1.0

3.0

1.0

3.0

2. Rigid
components
with
nonductile
material
or
attachments.
components 3. Flexible components with ductile material a attachments.
4. Flexible components with nonductile material or
attachments.

1.0

1.5

2.5

3.0

2.5

1.5