SUBMITTED TO:

MS RAFIA AYUB

Research topic:
Factors Affecting the MBA Program of Jinnah University for Women

COURSE:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

SUBMISSION DATE:
13-MAY-2016

CLASS:
MBA 1.5 (2016)

GROUP MEMBERS:
KULSOOM KANWAL
RAMSHA HALEEM
SIDRA MAZHAR

TABLE OF CONTENT:

Content:

Page no:

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Literature review

4. Methodology

5-6

5. Model

6. Data analysis

7. Findings and emerging factor

8-10

8. Summary of result

11

9. Discussion and Implication

12

10. References

13

ABSTRACT:
2 | Page

This study needs to be conducted because we want to explore the factors that are creating hurdles
for students to get an MBA degree from Jinnah University for women. We gather data for the
future benefits of Jinnah University for women. Our respondents are those who are completing
MBA from other institutions. Our total sample size is 20 in which 15 respondent give respond.
We use the purposeful sampling. We collect data through questionnaire and interview. Our aim of
research is to find out the switching factors of an MBA program and finally we come up those
factors Jinnah University should provide flexible environment, give facility and focus on
personal and career development for future improvement of university.

INTRODUCTION:
Education is very essential for every one because it is the only education by which we can differentiate
between human beings and animals. Education tells us that how can we live in a society thats why
education is important for everyone, for both men and women. Education women can not only give an
educated family but Education of women can also be helpful in eradicating many social evils such as
dowry problem, unemployment problem, etc. That women might have the chance of a healthier and
happier life should be reason enough for promoting girls' education. However, there are also important
benefits for society as a whole. An educated woman has the skills, information and self-confidence that
she needs to be a better parent, worker and citizen.
Realizing the importance of the women education Molvi Riazuddin Ahmed laid the foundation of
university in 1985. Jinnah Girls College established in 1985 to Jinnah Post Graduate Girls College. In
1998, the then Governor of Sindh, gave the charter for up gradation of this Post Graduate Girls College to
the status of the University. This upgradation was the reward of his consistent efforts and profound
determination The Jinnah University for Women is now well-known, well-established, Higher Education
Commission recognized, modern University. Jinnah university for women offer the undergraduate post
graduate in science, arts, humanities, software engineering and general studies.. University campus is
divided into five block A, B, C, D, E and admissions section. Jinnah University for women based on four
faculties namely faculty of arts, business administration and commerce, economics, pharmacy, science.
This university provide opportunities for business studies. BBA and MBA program are conducted by
business department. But unfortunately for last 3 or 4 years there is a decline in no of MBA students. We
wish to know that what the reasons for diminishing trend in MBA admission
Our study is basically based on finding those factors which effect the MBA program because from the last
3 to 4 years the ratio of the mba students were decreases.

Research problem:
3 | Page

This study needs to be conducted because we want to explore the factors that are creating hurdles for
students to get an MBA degree from Jinnah University for women because mostly girls do not complete
MBA after their graduation from Jinnah University for women. They prefer other institution for MBA.
We want to search out those factors that why girls do not attempt MBA from Jinnah University for
women and what are the reasons for this behavior? What opportunities they are getting from other
institutions other than Jinnah University for women.

Research scope:
The scope of this research will be to find out the factors that are affecting the MBA program of Jinnah
University for women for the future benefits. We are mainly focus on four areas that is career
development, self-development, institution reputation and flexible learning system.

Research objective:

To gather data for the future benefit of Jinnah university.

To find out the factors that are causing barriers in MBA program of Jinnah University for women.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Studies related to our topic are scanty. The studies, however, pertinent to the present study are
reviewed below:
(Williams)in a survey has identified job performance as the prime leading factor and career
development as the second most important motivating factor for pursing MBA. Similarly study
of Luker et al. (1989) discovered the factors names as; attaining long-term career objectives,
getting promotions, remaining competitive, getting better pay and having personal satisfaction as
the top five reasons for pursuing MBA. On the other hand several studies (Carpenter, 1997;
Horowitz, 1997; MacErlean, 1993), explored that developing a better network and getting a
better job and pay were the most common motivations.
Briggs (2013) identified that the prospective students were motivated to pursue an MBA degree
for earning, advanced degree, earning more money, changing careers, advancing their careers by
obtaining a required credential and obtaining business management knowledge. The results of
the study of Anwer, Nas and Raza (2013) revealed that career growth, knowledge & skills,
higher salaries, high education and flexibility are the basic motives to MBA weekend program in
different private universities of Islamabad.
Many people believe that a MBA degree holder can achieve fast track career because of
improved salary and quickly climbing the career ladder (Baruch and Peiperl, 2000). Students
4 | Page

inspire and pursue MBA degree which ensures their career development through achieving
organizational goal, employers search for educated and skilled manpower.
(Sonja Rizzolo) Use multiple tools for data collection and conduct a phenomenological study.
This strategy based on this very fact that there is a vast gap between graduate students theoretical
practical development. Therefore there must be a drastic change in their graduate education
program, so that students may face the challenge of professional life.
The fundamental theories of John Dewey and Kurt lewin enable us to examine the interface
between students learning style and the institutional learning environment so they present
principles for enhancement of experiential learning in higher and also give suggestion. (Lewin)

METHODOLOGY:
Sampling:
The research is based on Purposeful sampling because the data is collected from those specific
target respondants who doing their MBA from different universities and who are able to provide
the desired information about our research. The strategy which we select are homogeneoues
sampling before data co;;ection and then after data collection has started the strategy become
snowball sampling. Homonogenoues sampling includes those participants or respondants who
have same characteristics or traits and snowball sampling because our potential participants are
hard to find.

Theory:
Our type of research is grounded theory because the central phenomenon of our research is
factors affecting on MBA program of Jinnah University for women and we want to find out their
causes.The procedures for developing this theory include primarily collecting interview data,
developing and relating categories (or themes) of information, and composing a figure model
that portrays the general explanation.

Type of grounded theory:

The type of theory of our study is systematic design in which we completed with 3 phase of
coding i.e open coding, axial coding & selective coding.
In open coding first we analyze the data then bring some coding from the data or transcrpit.Total
codes which we make is about 142.
In axial coding we make 14 categories from these codes, create a model and then explain the
relationship between these categories.
5 | Page

Lastly in selective coding, we come up with the central phenomena i.e switching factor of
students from MBA

Philosophy:
Our research philosophy is based on epistemology because deals with the sources of knowledge.
Specifically, it concerned with possibilities, nature, sources and limitations of knowledge.

Participants:
Participants of our research are the students who are doing their MBA from different universities
or completed their masters from other institutes. We send our questionnaire to 20 students but we
collect data only from 15 students. Some girls are still studying MBA and some have completed
their MBA, they are belong to Karachi university ,Muhammad Ali Jinnah university,Bahria
university ,ZABIST ,CBM, PAF KIET and IQRA university.

Data source and collection:

We collect data through questionnaire and interviews. Our questions are open ended in which we
ask about benefits and opportunities that other university provide and ask about their personality
and career development. We send questionnaire through Facebook, email and whats app and we
take interviews through voice message.

MODEL:
Context:
Facility of weekend Classes
Flexible System

6 | Page

Strategies:

Casual Condition:
Well recognized in job
market
Professional degree
Career development

Phenomena:
Switching factors of
students from MBA
program

Job with high salary

Managerial position
Self-Development

Intervening
Conditions:

Professional scenario

Quality Education
Teaching Style
PhDs. to teach MBA
Physical Facility

University should focus

on experiential learning
Introduce weekend
classes and give leverage
to students to select their
courses by themselves
Provide proper class
room infra structure and
flexible time table
Conduct conferences,
jobs fair, and seminar
and encourage students
for writing research
paper
Hire experience and
PhDs to teach MBA
Students

Results:
Increase
Institutional
Reputational, Self
and career
development

DATA ANALYSIS

Number of
students will be
increased in MBA

7 | Page

The above model illustrates the switching factors of students from MBA program that in turn
influenced the number of students enrolled in this program. Examining this model we can see
that there are six boxes (or categories) of information:
1. Casual conditions: categories of conditions that influence the main phenomena and these
categories are well recognized in job market, professional degree, and career
development, job with high salary, managerial position, self-development and
professional scenario.
2. Context: its the specific conditions that influence the strategies and these are facility of
weekend classes, flexible system, benefits and opportunities.
3. Main phenomena: at the center of this model are the central phenomena i.e. switching
factors of students.
4. Intervening conditions: its the general contextual conditions that influence strategies and
these are quality education, teaching style, PhDs. to teach MBA and physical facility.
5. Strategies: these are the actions that result from the main phenomena and these actions
are university should focus on experiential learning, introduce weekend classes and give
leverage to students to select their courses by themselves, provide proper class room
infrastructure and flexible time table, conduct conferences, job fairs, workshops and
encourage students for writing research paper and hire experienced and PhDs to teach
MBA students.
6. Consequences: these are the outcomes of employing strategies and these results are
increase institutional reputation, self and career development and number of students will
be increased in MBA program.
Overall model shows the switching factors of students and how these factors can be overcome
through changes shaped by context that led to strategies and contribute to specific outcomes.

FINDINGS AND EMERGING FACTORS:

The experiences and reflections of students revealed the switching factors of students from MBA
program. Students had different experiences, identified a variety of ways these experiences and
context had an impact on them. The factors emerged as the relationships between the concepts
combined into an integrated model that explained the phenomena of switching factors. The
category interacts to create switching factors as the central phenomena that developed over
casual conditions. Illustrative quotations from the participants are included in each of the
category to tell the story of these factors.

Casual conditions:
8 | Page

The essential casual conditions that influence the switching factors of students included well
recognized in the job market, professional degree, career development, job with high salary,
managerial position, self-development and professional scenario.
Well recognized in job market:well recognized degree played important role in influencing
students movement to other universities because it helps in getting jobs easily if your degree is
well recognized and has worth in job market. One participant noted,
Yes my university is ranked high by the HEC and this is why its recognized in the job market.
The graduates of my university are employed easily and this is one of the reasons I chose this
university
Another noted,
Yes because of IOBMs links in different organization as well as in ministry
Professional degree:one participant noted,
Yes its absolutely right because my university doesnt approve one to become a graduate
without a research paper which is not the case in JUW. This is why my university degree has
more worth and considered more professional in job market
Another noted,
Yes we are not only getting degree but skills also for the jobs and they are training us well with
the situations in which we are supposed to tackle in our professional life
Career development: one noted,
My university arranges seminars frequently where we get to interact with employers and
entrepreneurs and we get to learn a lot from them which is good for our career development
Another noted,
I am in such a university that makes their students professionals in all aspects from selfdevelopment to career development
Job with high salary:one noted,
I hope so as my knowledge and intellect is now good and I think I can deal with the
professional world easily as Ive got enough confidence through presentations and several
events arranged within my university. Also my university has good reputation so yes I believe I
can get a job with high salary
Managerial position: one noted,

9 | Page

I am competitive enough and my degree has good market value so I can get a job at the
managerial level easily and getting promoted by proving myself
Self-development:one noted
We face conferences, workshops and seminars where reputed business personnel interacts with
us and every student has to take part in it, it helps ourselves to grow
Another noted,
Here I get opportunity to get internship in renowned companies it really helps me to polish my
skills and this facility is for all not just for high scorers not like Jinnah where only limited
internships offered to some specific students
Professional scenario: one noted,
I have knowledge, intellect, confidence, exposure, competitiveness and yes a degree that has
worth required working in the present professional scenario which is mainly what I learned and
experienced in this university

Context:
Context is the specific conditions that influence strategies and these conditions are facility of
weekend classes, flexible system, benefits and opportunities.
Facility of weekend classes: this facility plays an important role in pursuing studies from any
university because after doing graduation students tend to carry their studies with job. One noted,
Its very good option b/c after graduation we usually wish to carry on our studies while doing
job as well since experience is what really matters in the career development. My university
offers this facility and I avail it happily
Flexible system: facility of selecting courses and how much courses in a semester are important
for students mental capability and their well-being. One noted,
Its very major point in JUW we didnt get the opportunity to select our courses because of the
classes and batches being merged. We wanted to study a course but we couldnt as another batch
had already studied that course and they couldnt repeat it. This is very unfair
Benefits and opportunities: these benefits and opportunities play major role in switching factors
of students b/c these facilities arent available in JUW. One noted,
My university offers internship and job opportunities, good classroom infrastructure,
encouragement for research paper writhing, arranging conferences, flexible time table etc.

Intervening conditions:
10 | P a g e

These conditions are general that influence strategies and these conditions are quality education,
teaching style, PhDs. to teach MBA, and physical facility.
Quality education: a such we cant measure the quality of education but there are some aspects
through which we can say quality of education is good or not. One noted,
Jinnah doesnt use experiential learning while IOBM is champ in it Jinnah didnt organize
conferences
Another noted,
Curriculum and quality both are very good as they following latest trends and courses and
teachers are well experienced and educated. Jinnah offered same courses as they were years
ago
Teaching style: one noted,
Teachers in JUW should focus on teaching more practically and include case studies and real
life data rather than focusing on bookish knowledge only b/c in this era bookish knowledge isnt
enough for the satisfaction of employers
PhDs. To teach MBA: this represents the reputation of university that they have enough PhDs.
To teach masters level and they have R&D or not. One noted,
The main reason is the worth of degree which is based on the ranking and this off course is
based on the education level of the faculty. A university called professional when there are
PhDs.
Physical facility: this facility is important to meet the current education standards and it creates
ease for students to conduct their studies easily. One noted,
Physical facilities are not at all as they must be. Such as out of order multimedia, proper and up
to date computer labs arent present

SUMMARY OF RESULT:
The study aimed to identify the switching factors of students from MBA program of JUW. These
factors are together significantly related to the students decision for admission into MBA
program in another university. Factors like career development, self-development and flexible
system are playing major role in switching if university caters these factors so they can get the
desire result i.e. number of students will be increased in MBA program.

DISSCUSSION AND IMPLICATION:

11 | P a g e

The student in this study describe their switching factors in their MBA program emphasizes the
application of analytical tools and related skills that are essential for making informed business
decisions. Students faces many problems in their previous university they share their opinion
regarding quality of education, career development, flexible system, self development, personal
grooming. Their university gives them many benefits and opportunities. In the factor of quality
of education their university transforms the students into global business leaders by empowering
them ethically with business knowledge. Drawing on bunting (1993) he declares that, quality in
education does have a bottom line and that line is defined by the goals and values which
underpin the essentially human activity of education. According to Delores et al. (1996) he said
that knowledge enables people to develop occupational, critical thinking, and communication
skills; to understand their environment and be able to lead their lives with dignity
Another reason for switching is physical environment because a student sitting in an insufferably
hot, airless room listening to a lecture on cryogenics would not learn as much as he would in a
cool, comfortable space. Unfortunately, university buildings are designed to attract people from
outside but they failed to provide a safe and comfortable internal atmosphere for students.
According to Halstead (1974), the physical environment is designed in such a way that obstructs
the learning process although researches have established a close correlation between the amount
of work individual do and its physical environment. Physical facilities are one of the inspiring
factors that play a fundamental role in improving academic achievement in the university system.
These include; university buildings, accommodation, classrooms, libraries, furniture, laboratories
and other instructional material according to Coni (1992) and hallak (1990), physical facilities
compose a strategic factor in the operation and functioning of an organization as they determine
the excellent performance of any social organization or system including education.
The students in this study describe the other factor is career and personal development some
respondent view that their university remove their hidden fears and enhance their confident and
also conduct a presentation research work, seminars workshop, field work, give them training
and all these factors help them in their personal grooming. Some said that their knowledge is
getting better and they get promotion in their job. Dries et al. (2009) explain that the concept of
career success has different meanings for different people. According to Heslin (2003) states that
objective career success reflects verifiable attainments in areas such as work performance (e.g.,
publications), pay, position, and promotions, whereas subjective career success is typically
measured relative to self-referent criteria, such as a persons career goals and aspirations.

REFERENCES:
12 | P a g e

http://www.juw.com.pk
http://jcd.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/05/29/0894845315587967.ab
stract
http://amle.aom.org/content/4/2/193.short
http://jmd.sagepub.com/content/14/2/2.short
http://epm.sagepub.com/content/55/2/186.short

13 | P a g e