4.

DISCUSSION

Pavement condition is used as pavement rating method that based upon visual
inspection of pavement distress. The survey will define Pavement Condition Index (PCI)
which is numerical rating of the pavement condition that ranges from 0 to 100, with 0
being the worst possible condition and 100 being the best possible condition. The activity
of this survey is begins with carry out the inspection for pavement distresses to the
sample unit that has been selected. The measurement of the distress including its length,
width, depth, diameter, and area are recorded. The severity of the distress then is defined
according to low, moderate or high level. The project was locate at Jalan Parit Burah. The
sample unit for 1500m is 7 section. Every section have 231m2 area of 3.85m x 60m.
A lot of distresses have been found out while conducting this project and most of the
distresses are alligator cracking, potholes, patches and longitudinal cracking.
4.3.1

Alligator Cracking

Alligator cracks are interconnected cracks, forming a series of small blocks

resembling an alligators skin. In most cases, alligator cracking is caused by excessive
movement of the surface over unstable subgrades or base courses. The unstable support
is the result of saturated granular bases or subgrade. Normally, the affected area is not
large. When it does occur on a large scale, the cracking is most likely due to repeated
loads above the designed strength of the pavement. Alligator cracking is considered a
major structural distress and is often accompanied by rutting.
4.3.2

Potholes

Most potholes are formed due to fatigue of the pavement surface. Pothole is a bowlshaped cavity in the pavement surface resulting from the loss of wearing course and
binder course material. Potholes are produce when vehicle breaches small pieces of the
pavement surface allowing water to enter. Their growth is accelerated by free moisture
collection inside the hole. These spot disintegrate because of the weakening of the base
course or poor quality surfacing. As vehicle continues to pass over, pieces of the
roadway are removed, creating a hole.

4.3.3

Patches

Patches is an area of pavement that has been removed and replaced with new
material to repair the existing pavement. The extend and frequency of patching can be
useful indicators of the structural adequacy of the pavement. Defects can occur within a
patch or the patch can be further defect where it is raised or depressed below the level
of the pavement surface. A patch is considered a defect no matter how well it performs.
It also causes a rough surface.
4.3.4

Longitudinal cracking

Cracks parallel to the pavement's centerline or lay down direction. It is a type of

fatigue cracking. This problem is cause by poor joint construction or location. Joints
are generally the least dense areas of a pavement. Shrinkage and expand of the AC
surface due to change of climate. A reflective crack from an underlying layer also can
cause longitudinal cracking. define the
4.3.5

CAUSES OF PAVEMENT DISTRESS

There are several reasons why distress in pavement happens, such as traffic load,
poor drainage system, improper rehabilitation, poor construction method, poor material
used and many more. For this road several causes are found out.
4.3.5.1 Traffic load
From the analysis of distress classification, it shows that traffic load is
the major cause for this road. It is mainly local traffic but this road is usually
travel by car, motor, busses and lorry that carry small and average loads.
Other than that the growth rate of the traffic causes the pavement to failure
because the pavement is not able to withstand the increasing loading with its
previous design.
4.3.5.2 Improper Rehabilitation
Poor maintenance or rehabilitation that have been done also do not really
improving the road condition. Asphalt concrete which is laid should be compacted
well, and should be leave it for a while before opening it to the public. Prime coat also
should

be

sprayed

to

all

the

surface

of

the

he

concrete.

CHAPTER 5

5.0

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1

Conclusion

Based on data collected, the Level of Service (LOS) of sample unit is

LOS D, LOS C, LOS C, LOS C, LOS E, LOS E, and LOS D respectively along
the sample unit. Based on the result, the rating for PCI value is 48, this
section of pavement is in poor condition. The suitable of maintenance
activity is major rehabilitation or deferred action. That is to shown, the
road condition at the Jalan Parit Burah is in not safe for user and vehicles.
It is still able to provide proper comfort and serviceability to the road
users. Most of the distress which is found in the road is Alligator cracking,
Patches, Longitudinal cracking and Potholes. Therefore, the maintenance
activity need to be done at the road Jalan Parit Burah along the study area.
The maintenance activity could improve the pavement condition from
distress. Based on the distress classification it shows that traffic load is the
main reason why surface distress happens on that road, other than that
poor drainage system and poor maintenance also contribute to surface
distress.

5.2

Recommendation

In order to overcome this functional and structural problem of

pavement in Parit Burah, the suggestion need is, the surface drainage
system need to been installed. The surface drainage here refers to
transverse slope, longitudinal slope, longitudinal channels, curbs and
gutter. Transverse slope facilities the removal of surface water from the
pavement surface in the shortest possible time. Longitudinal slope is a
minimum gradient in the longitudinal direction of the highway is required
to obtain adequate slope in the longitudinal channels. Longitudinal
channels are ditched that constructed along sides of the highway to collect
the surface water that runs off from the pavement surface, subsurface
drains, and other areas of the highway right of way. Curbs and gutter
prevent the impounding of large amounts of water on the pavement
surface. Effective surface water drainage of highway pavements is
essential to maintaining a desirable level of service and traffic safety. Poor
surface drainage contributes to accidents resulted from hydroplaning and
loss of visibility from splash and spray.
Other than that a chip seal also can be used to repair the road damage. Chip seal suitable
because, the application technique of chip seal is relatively simple and fast involves relatively
low construction cost. Chip seal is also considered among the most effective maintenance
technique.