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Introduction
Basmati, the unique aromatic quality rice is a natures gift to Indian sub-continent.
Epicureans acclaimed its delightful fragrance, taste and texture which makes it the best
among the aromatic rices of the world. It is cultivated on the foot hills of the Himalayas and
the whole ambience of the environment bestowing unique properties to this specialty rice.
Basmati rice is unique among other aromatic long grain rice varieties due to its delicious
taste, distinct flavour and superior aroma, which literally make it King of Rice. Indian
basmati rice market is likely to continue its upward journey on the back of mounting export
demand along with revival of domestic consumption demand. Shift in cultivator's interest
from non - basmati to basmati along with availability of high yielding varieties of basmati
rice in domestic market might embrace the spiral trend of domestic basmati production. India
produces more than 70% of the world basmati rice production and the rest is produced by
Pakistan. India's Basmati rice production has been sizzling from around 3 million tonne in
2008-09 to 4.5 million tonne in 2009-2010 seasons, and is estimated to have zoomed further
to 7.2 million tonnes in marketing year 2010-11. Haryana, Punjab, Himachal, Uttarakhand,
Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and J&K are the states where Basmati rice is grown in India. After
record surge for the past couple of years, the basmati rice production for 2011-12 is likely to
increase by 10-12% to reach around 7.90-8 million tonnes.
Varieties of Indian Basmati Rice
There are many varieties of Basmati rice grown in India. Under Section 5, Seed Act,
1966 of India has notified eleven varieties of Basmati Rice. This has helped the farmers in
having a varietal choice for cultivation and the rice industry to make available the rice to the
choice of the consumers. Numbers of varieties of Basmati rice are available in India and
Pakistan. But, India is the largest producer and exporter of Basmati rice in the world. Details
are given below.
1. Basmati 370
2. Basmati 386
3. Type 3
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Year
2001-2002
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
2010-2011
Area
44.9
41.18
42.59
41.91
43.66
43.81
43.91
45.54
41.85
36.95
Production
93.34
71.82
88.53
83.13
91.79
93.36
96.69
99.18
89.13
80.41
Yield
2079
1744
2077
1984
2102
2131
2202
2178
470
2177
Source: Apeda
Table 1.0 reveals that the Area, Production and Yield level of Basmati rice in India
during the year 2001-02 to 2010-11. The area and production of basmati rice in India in 2001
onwards slightly decrease and few years slightly increased still 2009 and 2009. After 2009
the area and production is low to compare previous years because the global economic
slowdown and global economic crisis the reason for reducing the basmati rice production as
well as the global market demand.
Table 2.0 State wise Area, Production and Yield of Basmati Rice in India during the year 2007-2008 to 2009-2010
Area And Production Trend (In lakh tonnes) and Hectares and productivity in quintals
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
State/Year
Area
Production
Yield
Area
Production
Yield
Area
Production
Yield
Punjab
392.2
395.86
42.93
392.85
1678.88
42.74
520.49
2191.79
42.110127
Haryana
190.7
793.85
41.63
187.41
606.43
32.36
393.37
453.99
11.541043
Uttar Pradesh
52.65
206.67
39.25
95
472
49.68
291.31
1153.09
39.582919
Uttarakhand
0.95
3.88
40.84
2.8
12.64
45.14
15.18
61.08
40.237154
41.61
678.06
2769.95
40.85
1220.35
3859.95
31.62986
Total
336.5
1400.26
Source: All India Rice Export Association
Table 2.0 reveals that the State wise Area, Production and Yield of Basmati rice in India during the year 2007 to 2010. In 2010-2011 the
total area under cultivation of Basmati rice in India is about 776000 hectares and the total estimated production is about 1196000 tonnes. The
largest basmati rice producing state is Haryana which contribute 60 per cent and the other major contributors are Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and
Uttarakhand. To increasing the area, production and yield of Basmati rice during the year 2007-2008 onwards, but in the year 2009-2010 is
increased in certain percentage of growth. In the national and international demand of Basmati rice consumption to increase in year by year, so
the Basmati rice producers to increase the area and to increase huge volume of production. According to agricultural statistical data reports to say
in recent years the non basmati rice producing farmers to switch over the Basmati rice production, because to increase the global demand and
to get the high profit of the harvesting.
2009-2010.
While in 2011-12, traders are eying around 3 million tonnes of basmati exports.
Year
Qty
Value
2001-2002
4156.87
3678.63
2002-2003
4259.08
3772.77
2003-2004
2640.57
2174.94
2004-2005
3615.10
3945.02
2005-2006
2921.60
3178.17
2006-2007
3704.85
4257.88
2007-2008
1456.52
4344
2008-2009
1675.58
9476
2009-2010
2245.17
12000
2010-2011*
Source: Apeda
2658.67
15000
Table 3.0 show that Export of Basmati rice from India during the year 2001 to 2011.
In the year 2001 to 2007 maximum quantity of basmati rice export from India, after 2007 the
export of basmati rice slumping down due to the global financial crisis and china and some
other countries not buy the Indian basmati rice in few years, but later now they are also open
the door to buy Indian basmati rice. So 2009 after that 2009 to still now India play a major
role in the global basmati rice market and Indian basmati rice get a high brand image in the
global standards. This is the reason India to lead Basmati export in past few years.
Table 4.0 Country wise major Export of Basmati Rice from India during the year 2007 to 20011
Qty in KG, Value in RS. Lakh
S.No
Country
2007-2008
Qty
Value
2008-09
Qty
2009-10
Value
Qty
2010-11
Value
Qty
Value
SAUDI ARABIA
5,43,530.24
2,03,834.60
3,29,547.41
57,35,42,154
2,90,117.35
UNITED ARAB
EMIRATES
1,93,102.03
68,983.28
3,09,465.31
61,11,65,470
2,72,561.61
KUWAIT
1,13,066.57
40,168.30
11,15,47,247
73,393.68
13,94,73,567
1,03,014.17
15,95,64,831
1,01,723.96
YEMEN REPUBLC
71,377.56
29,108.34
3,14,75,680
17,515.88
6,18,09,916
29,548.25
6,23,16,100
26,332.34
UNITED KINGDOM
49,958.53
13,715.18
6,25,63,102
43,103.89
3,69,66,433
19,589.45
7,15,16,563
32,340.75
UNITED STATES
35,738.68
14,210.11
3,96,25,126
27,259.70
2,59,22,133
15,349.93
4,21,52,170
22,213.67
JORDAN
13,565.22
5,754.19
38,54,390
2,446.57
92,35,900
4,990.28
2,33,09,756
10,255.04
IRAN
4,428.96
2,033.41
17,09,47,471
98,075.99
36,46,02,510
2,05,308.71
42,04,02,607
1,89,902.06
NETHERLAND
3,085.34
813.16
1,11,47,302
6,529.60
44,68,715
2,364.21
2,15,81,909
9,989.93
10
IRAQ
148.08
64.54
60,71,207
3,447.63
69,60,478
3,590.26
3,12,39,593
14,006.85
Source: Apeda
Table 4.0 reveals that the country wise export of basmati rice from India during the
year 2007 to 2011. India exports of basmati rice in various countries like Saudi Arabia,
United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, UK, USA, and Iran. Saudi Arabia is the biggest importer of
Indian basmati rice followed by UAE and Kuwait. The US and the UK are the other major
buyers of basmati rice from India. It is also exported to other West Asian and European states.
Iran is considered as the biggest buyer of Pusa 1121, a rice variety which commands almost
50% of basmati exports from India. There is great scope of increasing the consumption of
basmati worldwide. This is possible by identifying new potential markets and strategically
promoting this unique variety. Despite global food inflation, it is projected that basmati rice
exports are likely to rise in the next fiscal with new markets and the increasing global demand
for premium rice.
India's basmati rice export in 2011-12 may rise by 15-20percent on the year to around
3 million tonnes due to shortage of the grain. In medium term, demand for basmati will
continue to grow due to its preference over other rice varieties worldwide and insufficient
production. Also, domestic demand is set to grow by 15% annually due to increased spending
power of consumers. Increased demand from key importing countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran,
Kuwait and the UK coupled with inclusion on cheaper hybrid basmati varieties has boosted
India's export. The hybrid variety of basmati rice is relatively cheaper compared with the
traditional basmati rice and has gained acceptability in the export markets. India's basmati
rice exports have increased by an annual rate of 28% during 2007-08 to 2009-10, the report
said.
In India, normally around 70-80% of population is consuming non-basmati rice but
now we see significant change in consumption behaviour from non- basmati to basmati rice
in the domestic market. This is mainly due to introduction of branded and package basmati
rice in many retail outlets. India's growing middle class has augmented the domestic demand
of branded rice. Moreover, introduction of modern food retail formats has also propelled the
packaged food market, facilitating the availability, visibility and accessibility of branded
products. Many branded products players expecting that branded basmati rice sales might
grow at around 15 percent in the domestic market compared to five percent for unbranded
rice.