Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Date: 24.05.2009
Duration: 3 HRS
General instructions:
o
o
o
o
Marks: 50 x 1 = 50
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
b) 3600
c) 3800
d) 4100
A bulk power factor correction system which is left connected to an installation where the load
has reduced considerably may result in
a) leading power factor at input electric supply
b) damage to the installation cables
c) considerable reduction in maximum demand
d) a reduced supply tariff
The total loss for a transformer loading at 60% and with no load and full load losses of 3 kW
and 25 kW respectively, is
a) 3 kW
b) 12 kW
c) 18 kW
d) 25 kW
The nearest kVAr compensation required for improving the power factor of a 1000 kW load
from 0.95 leading power factor to unity power factor is
a) 328 kVAr
b) 750 kVAr
c) 1000 kVAr
b) less
c) same
The largest potential for electricity savings with variable speed drives is generally in
a) variable torque applications
c) conveyor belt applications
The ratings of the PF correction capacitors at motor terminals for a 37 kW induction motor at
3000 rpm synchronous speed will be---------------------in comparison to the same sized induction
motor at 1500 rpm synchronous speed
a) more
b) active power
d) active apparent power
A 7.5 kW, 415 V, 15 A, 970 RPM, 3 phase rated induction motor with full load efficiency of 86%
draws 7.5 A and 3.23 kW of input power. The percentage loading of the motor is about
a) 37 %
b) 43 %
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
c) 50%
11
A two pole induction motor operating at 50 Hz, with 1% slip will run at an actual speed of
a) 3000 RPM
12
c) 2970 RPM
13
b) 3030 RPM
b) 79%
c) 64%
14
b) 50%
c) 60%
15
16
d) 90%
c) at outlet conditions
d) at STP
a) compressor efficiency will be reduced by about 2 percent for every 250 mm WC pressure
drop across the air inlet filters.
b) every 40C rise in inlet air temperature results in a higher energy consumption by 1 % to
achieve equivalent output
c) an increase of 5.50C in the inlet air temperature to the second stage results in a 2 %
increase in the specific energy consumption.
d) compressed air receiver volume should be 100% of the rated hourly free air output
17
Which of the following is not a part of the vapour compression refrigeration system
a) compressor
18
d) absorber
b) pure water
c) freon
d) lithium bromide
The COP of a vapour compression refrigeration system is 3.0. If the power input to
compressor is 100 kW , the tonnage of refrigeration system is given by
a) 85.3
20
c) condenser
19
b) evaporator
b) 9.48
c) 300
The refrigeration load in TR when 30 m /hr of water is cooled from a 14 o C to 6.5 o C is about
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
b) 64.5
c) 261.6
22
N1
P1
c)
=
3
P2
N2
b) (fluid flow)2
1
fluid flow
d)
1
(fluid flow)2
c)
b) forward- curved
c) backward-inclined
b) static head
d) suction head
When the local static pressure in a fluid reaches a level below the vapor pressure of the liquid
at the actual temperature, ____________ may occur in a pump.
a) water hammering
28
The value, by which the pressure in the pump suction exceeds the liquid vapour pressure, is
expressed as
a) net positive suction head available
c) dynamic head
27
d) tube- axial
26
_____ fans are known as non-overloading because change in static pressure do not overload
the motor
a) radial
25
N1
P1
b)
=
2
P2
N2
24
b) removal of heat
d) replacement of heat
N1
P1
a)
=
P2
N2
23
b) water chilling
c) cavitation
29
30
31
b) 8oC
c) 12oC
d) 2.8 oC
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Which of the following ambient conditions will evaporate minimum amount of water in a cooling
tower
a) 35oC DBT and 30oC WBT
c) 38oC DBT and 37oC WBT
33
Input power to the motor driving a pump is 30 kW. The motor efficiency is 0.9. The power
transmitted to the water is 16.2 kW. The pump efficiency is
a) 60%
34
b) 90%
c) 54%
A 500 cfm reciprocating compressor is operating to meet a constant demand of 300 cfm. The
least cost energy efficient solution will be
a) load and unload
b) reducing the speed of compressor by increasing the compressor pulley size appropriately
c) variable frequency drive
d) reducing the speed of compressor by reducing the motor pulley size appropriately
35
36
b) halogen lamps
b) fluid coupling
d) energy efficient motor
The inputs required for an automatic power factor controller using kVAR control
a) current
38
b) voltage
c) capacitance
b) discharge head
d) motor efficiency
b) centrifugal compressor
d) none of the above
A fan is operating at 970 RPM developing a flow of 3000 Nm 3/hr. at a static pressure of 650
mmWC. If the speed is reduced to 700 RPM, the static pressure (mmWC) developed will be
a) 244.3
42
c) density of fluid
The flow output of which of the following changes with the discharge pressure
a) reciprocating compressor
c) screw compressor
41
40
d) both a and b
39
d) HPSV
37
c) HPMV
b) 388.5
c) 469
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
b) lumens/Watt
c) Watt/Lux
44
An engineering industry which was operating with a maximum demand of 500 kVA at 0.9
power factor improved its power factor to 0.99 by installing power factor correction capacitors
near the load centres. The percentage reduction in distribution losses within the plant will be
a) 17.35%
45
d) Watt/lumens
b) 1.21%
c) 86.75%
46
The main precaution to be taken care by the waste heat recovery device manufacturer to
prevent the problem in a DG set during operation is:
a) voltage unbalance on generator
c) excessive steam generation
47
48
49
50
b) dc shunt motor
d) transformer
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
S-1
Marks: 8 x 5 = 40
Briefly explain transformer losses and how the total transformer losses
at any load level can be computed.
Answer:
Transformer losses consist of two parts: No-load loss and Load loss
1. No-load loss (also called core loss) is the power consumed to sustain the
magnetic field in the transformer's steel core. Core loss occurs whenever the
transformer is energized; core loss does not vary with load. Core losses are
caused by two factors: hysteresis and eddy current losses. Hysteresis loss is
that energy lost by reversing the magnetic field in the core as the magnetizing
AC rises and falls and reverses direction. Eddy current loss is a result of
induced currents circulating in the core.
2. Load loss (also called copper loss) is associated with full-load current flow in
the transformer windings. Copper loss is power lost in the primary and
secondary windings of a transformer due to the ohmic resistance of the
windings. Copper loss varies with the square of the load current. (P=I 2R).
For a given transformer, the manufacturer can supply values for no-load loss, P NOLOAD, and load loss, P LOAD. The total transformer loss, P TOTAL, at any load level can then
be calculated from:
PTOTAL = PNO-LOAD+ (% Load/100)2 x PLOAD
Where transformer loading is known, the actual transformers loss at given load can
be computed as:
S-2
No load loss
2
kVA Load
Solution:
Stator input: 45kW
Stator losses: 1.80 kW
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
S-3
Answer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Answer
Hydraulic power
Hydraulic power
Power input to pump
Pump efficiency
S-5
Answer
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
S-6
1.
2.
3.
Pulley Change
Damper Controls
Inlet Guide Vanes
4.
5.
Parallel Operation
Answer
= 700 kWh x 8 kg gas generated/ kWh output x 0.25 kCal/ kg oC x (450oC-260
o
C) =2,66,000 kCal/hr
Steam generation = 2,66,000 kCal/hr / (650.57 kCal/kg 60) = 450 kg/ hr.
S-7
An energy audit of a fan was carried out. It was observed that fan was
delivering 15,000 Nm3/hr of air at static pressure rise of 60 mm WC. The
power measurement of the 3-phase induction motor coupled with the fan
recorded 1.92 kW/ phase on an average. The motor operating efficiency
was assessed as 0.88 from the motor performance curves. What would
be the fan static efficiency ?.
Answer:
Q = 15,000 Nm3 / hr.= 4.1667 m3/sec ,
SP = 60 mmWC,
St = ?,
Power input to motor= 1.92x3=5.76 kW
P ower input to fan shaft=5.76 x0.88=5.067 kW
Fan static =
=
4.167 x 60
102 x 5.067
=0.484
= 48.4%
S-8
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
10
Marks: 6 x 10 = 60
An energy audit of electricity bills of a process plant was conducted. The plant
has a contract demand of 3000 kVA with the power supply company. The
average maximum demand of the plant is 2300 kVA/month at a power factor of
0.95. The maximum demand is billed at the rate of Rs.500/kVA/month. The
minimum billable maximum demand is 75 % of the contract demand. An
incentive of 0.5 % reduction in energy charges component of electricity bill are
provided for every 0.01 increase in power factor over and above 0.95. The
average energy charge component of the electricity bill per month for the
company is Rs.11 lakhs.
The plant decides to improve the power factor to unity. Determine the power
factor capacitor kVAr required, annual reduction in maximum demand charges
and energy charge component. What will be the simple payback period if the
cost of power factor capacitors is Rs.800/kVAr.
Answer
kW drawn
Kvar required to improve power factor from 0.95
to 1
2300 x 0.95 =
2185 kW
kW ( tan 1 tan 2)
kW ( tan (cos-1) tan (cos-2)
2185 ( tan (cos-
) tan (cos-)
2185(0.329 - 0)
719 kVAr
Rs.5,75,200
2185/1 = 2185 kVA
3000x0.75=2250 kVA
2300-2250=50kVa, as the plant has to
pay MD charges on minimum billable
demand of 2250, and not on the
improved MD of 2185 kVA in this case
50kVA/month x 12 months x Rs.500
kVA/ month= Rs.3,00,000
2.5 %
Rs.11,00,000
11,00,000 x (2.5/100)
11
Annual reduction
Savings in electricity bill
Investment
Payback period
L-2
Rs.27,500/month
Rs.27,500 x 12
Rs.3,30,000
Rs.6,30,000
Rs.5,75,200
5,75,200/6,30,000
0.91 years or 11months
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
12
A free air delivery test was carried out before conducting a leakage test on a
reciprocating air compressor in an engineering industry and following were the
observations:
Receiver capacity
Initial pressure
Final pressure
Additional hold-up volume
Atmospheric pressure
Compressor pump-up time
10 m3
0.2 kg / cm2g
:
7.0 kg / cm2g
3
0.2 m
1.026 kg / cm2 abs.
4.5 minutes
:
:
:
:
:
The following was observed during the conduct of leakage test during the lunch time
when no pneumatic equipment/ control valves were in operation:
a) Compressor on load time is 30 seconds and unloading pressure is 7
kg/cm2g
b) Average power drawn by the compressor during loading is 90 kW
c) compressor unload time and loading pressure are 70 seconds and 6.6
kg/cm2 g respectively.
Find out the following:
Compressor output in m3/hr(neglect temperature correction)
Specific Power Consumption, kW/ m3/hr
% air leakage in the system
leakage quantity in m3/hr
power lost due to leakage
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Ans.
(i)
P2
P1 Total Volume
Atm. Pressure Pumpup time
power consumption:
output
= 15.0227 m3/minute
90 kW
:
901.36 m3/hr
(ii)
(iii)
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
30 secs.
70 secs
13
iv)
v)
T
x 100
(T t)
30
x 100
(30 70)
:
Leakage quantity
:
:
Power lost due to leakage :
:
:
30%
0.30x901.36
270.41 m3/hr
Leakage quantity x specific power
consumption
270.41 x 0.099
26.77 kW
AHU
9.0
1.81
21.5
RH (%)
75.0
Enthalpy
(kJ/kg)
53.0
17.4
RH (%)
90.0
Enthalpy
(kJ/kg)
46.4
Density of air
(kg/m3)
1.14
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
14
5550 m3/ Hr
5 Marks
AHU
5 marks
L-5
Range,
Approach,
% CT Effectiveness
L/G Ratio in kg/kg
Cooling Duty Handled in TR
Evaporation Losses in m3/hr
Blow down requirement in m3/hr
Make up water requirement/cell in m3/hr
CT Flow, m3/hr
= 989544
= 1068708
Ans:
= 1.464
a) CT Range
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
15
c) % CT Effectiveness
= 100 * [Range/Range +
Approach]
= 100 * (6.4) / (6.4 + 8.3)
= 43.53
*
e) Cooling Duty Handled in kCal
= [15.32/1565]*100
= 0.98 %
= Evaporation
losses/COC1
= 15.32/(2.71) = 9 m3/hr
= Evaporation Loss +
Blow down Loss
= 15.32 + 9
= 24.32
L-6
i) Ideally capacitor voltage rating is to match the supply voltage. If the supply voltage is
lower, the reactive kVAr produced will be the ratio V12 /V22 where V1 is the actual supply
voltage, V2 is the rated voltage.
. End of Section III .
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
16