8085 Microprocessor

Architecture

Intel 8085 CPU Block Diagram

The 8085 Block Diagram

Registers hold temporary data.

Instruction register (IR) holds the currently

executing instruction.
Instruction Decoder (ID)- decodes the
instruction. Once decoded, the instruction
controls the remainder of the MPU, memory
and IO through the timing and control block.

The 8085 Block Diagram

Temporary register- holds information from the

memory or register array. An input of the ALU.
Increment/Decrement address latch It adds
or subtracts one from any of other registers in
register array.
Why are the PC and SP registers are 16-bit ?

Signals and I/O Pins

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Intel 8085 Pin

Configuration

Clock Pins

8085 MPU has 3 pins

that control or
present the clock
signal.
X1 and X2 pins
determine the
clock frequency.
CLK OUT is a TTL
square-wave
output clock.

8085A

X1

CLK OUT

6 MHz

X2

The CLOCK OUT is

one-half the
crystal frequency.
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8085 Pinout

8085 p consists of 16 signal pins use as address

bus.
Divide into 2 part: A15 A8 (upper) and
AD7 AD0 (lower).
A15 A8 : Unidirectional, known as high order
address.
AD7 AD0 : bidirectional and dual purpose
(address and data placed once at a time).
AD7 AD0 also known as low order address.
To execute an instruction, at early stage AD7
AD0 uses as address bus and alternately as
data bus for the next cycle.
The method to change from address bus to
data bus known as bus multiplexing.

8085 Pinout

Group of signals consists of :

Two control signals (RD read; and WR write).

Three status signals (IO/M, S1, and S0) to
recognize nature of operation.
ALE (Address Latch Enable) signal :
active high signal - generated to show the
start of 8085 operation.
When transition 1-to-0: indicate that lines
AD7-AD0 (AD7-AD0 = A7-A0) act as address
lines.

ALE used to demultiplex address/data bus

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Control and Status Signals

Signals:

RD Read (active low). To indicate that the I/O or

memory selected is to be read and data are available on
the bus.
WR Write: Active low. This is to indicate that the data
available on the bus are to be written to memory or I/O
ports.
IO/M To differentiate I/O operation of memory
operations.
0 - indicates a memory operation.
1-indicates an I/O operation.
IO/M combined with RD and WR to generate I/O and
memory control signals.
S1 dan S0: Status signals, similar to IO/M, can identify
various operations as shown on the following table :

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Control and Status Signals.

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Interrupt Signals

8085 p has several interrupt signals as shown

in the following table.

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Interrupt signals

An interrupt is a hardware-initiated subroutine CALL.

When interrupt pin is activated, an ISR will be
called, interrupting the program that is currently
executing.
Pin

Subroutine Location

TRAP

0024

RST 5.5

002C

RST 6.5

0034

RST 7.5

003C

INTR

Note: * the address of the ISR is determined by the external hardware.

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Interrupt signals

INTR input is enabled when EI instruction

is executed.
The status of the RST 7.5, RST 6.5 and
RST 5.5 pins are determined by both EI
instruction and the condition of the mask
bits in the interrupt mask register.

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Interrupt
Vectors

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A circuit that causes an RST4 instruction (E7)

to be executed in response to INTR.

When INTR is
asserted,
8085
response with
INTA pulse.
During INTA
pulse, 8085
expect to see
an instruction
applied to its
data bus.

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RESET signal

Following are the two kind of RESET signals:

RESET IN: an active low input signal, Program

Counter (PC) will be set to 0 and thus MPU will
reset.
RESET OUT: an output reset signal to indicate that
the p was reset (i.e. RESET IN=0). It also used to
reset external devices.

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RESET signal

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Direct Memory Access (DMA)

DMA is an IO technique where external IO

device requests the use of the MPU buses.
Allows external IO devices to gain high speed
access to the memory.

Example of IO devices that use DMA: disk memory

system.

HOLD and HLDA are used for DMA.

If HOLD=1, 8085 will place it address, data and
control pins at their high-impedance.
A DMA acknowledgement is signaled by
HLDA=1.

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MPU Communication and Bus Timing

Figure 3: Moving data form memory to MPU using instruction MOV C, A

(code machine 4FH = 0100 1111)
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MPU Communication and Bus Timing

The Fetch Execute Sequence :

1.

The p placed a 16 bit memory address from PC

(program counter) to address bus.
Figure 4: at T1

2.

The high order address, 20H, is placed at A15 A8.

the low order address, 05H, is placed at AD7 - AD0
and ALE is active high.
Synchronously the IO/M is in active low condition to
show it is a memory operation.

At T2 the active low control signal, RD, is

activated so as to activate read operation; it is to
indicate that the MPU is in fetch mode operation.

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MPU Communication and Bus Timing

Figure 4: 8085 timing diagram for Opcode fetch cycle for MOV C, A .
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MPU Communication and Bus Timing

3.

4.

T3: The active low RD signal enabled the byte

instruction, 4FH, to be placed on AD7 AD0
and transferred to the MPU. While RD high,
the data bus will be in high impedance mode.
T4: The machine code, 4FH, will then be
decoded in instruction decoder. The content
of accumulator (A) will then copied into C
register at time state, T4.

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Flag register of 8085

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Thank you
Q&A

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