FSC DCM 027c Pdf4

NTY315DX
Nortel Networks
OPTera Long Haul 1600

Optical Line System
1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications
Guide
Standard Rel 3 Issue 2 October 2000
Whats inside...
Introduction
Optical layer building blocks
Optical link engineering rules
Application-independent optical link engineering rules
Optical layer components specifications
Appendix A: Description of commercially available optical fiber types
Appendix B: Overview of fiber-optic fundamentals
Appendix C: 1600G Amplifier power specifications
Appendix D: External tap couplers
*A0810309*
Copyright 2000 Nortel Networks, All Rights Reserved.

The information contained herein is the property of Nortel Networks and is strictly confidential. Except as expressly authorized in
writing by Nortel Networks, the holder shall keep all information contained herein confidential, shall disclose it only to its employees
with a need to know, and shall protect it, in whole or in part, from disclosure and dissemination to third parties with the same degree
of care it uses to protect its own confidential information, but with no less than reasonable care. Except as expressly authorized in
writing by Nortel Networks, the holder is granted no rights to use the information contained herein.
*Nortel Networks, the Nortel Networks logo, the Globemark, How the World Shares Ideas, S/DMS TransportNode, OPTera,
Preside, and Unified Networks are trademarks of Nortel Networks.
TrueWave is a registered trademark of Lucent Technologies Inc.
LEAF is a registered trademark of Corning Incorporated.
SMF-LS and SMF-28 are trademarks of Corning Incorporated.
Printed in Canada and in the United Kingdom
iii
Publication history
October 2000
Issue 2 of the 1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide introduces
link engineering rules for TrueWave Plus, LS, and TrueWave RS fiber. It
also provides additional information on power specifications and 1600G
amplifiers equipped with external tap couplers.
July 2000
The first issue of the 1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide.
1600G Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3
iv Publication history
1600G Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3
Contents
About this document

Introduction
ix
1-1
Chapter overview 1-1

Describing and understanding optical networks 1-1
OPTera Long Haul 1600 technologies for optical layer solutions 1-3
DWDM transmitters and wavelength translators with tightly controlled
wavelengths 1-3
Multiwavelength optical signal amplifiers and integrated components, 1600G
Amplifiers 1-3
OPTera Long Haul 1600 DWDM couplers 1-3
OPTera Long Haul 1600 OADM couplers 1-3
Dispersion compensating modules (DCM) 1-3
Dispersion slope compensating modules (DSCM) 1-3
2-1
Optical layer functional building blocks 2-1

Link Models 2-1
Configuration overview 2-3
Standard configurations building blocks 2-3
Special configuration building blocks 2-6
1600G amplifier group description 2-6
1600G Amplifier building block components 2-7
Wavelength capacity 2-7
Mid-stage access (MSA) rules 2-7
Padding rules 2-8
Usage with 1480/1510 nm OSCs or 1510/1615 nm OSCs 2-8
Unused ports 2-8
Mux/Demux building blocks 2-9
Configuration description 2-10
Mux/Demux building blocks components 2-11
Wavelength capacity 2-11
Spare wavelengths 2-11
Module deployment 2-11
Unused ports 2-12
3-1
Link engineering rules for OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional
1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3
vi Contents
applications 3-3
Deployment considerations for OPTera Long Haul 1600 optical layer applications 3-4
Optical link engineering procedure 3-5
Optical link budgets and span loss rules 3-5
Span loss rules and guidelines 3-7
Derating example 3-10
Padding rules 3-11
Optical patch panel rule 3-11
Optical link transmission performance guarantee 3-12
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications on NDSF fiber
multiplexing 10 Gbit/s channels 3-13
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications on TrueWave Classic
fiber multiplexing 10 Gbit/s channels 3-25
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications on E-LEAF fiber
multiplexing 10-Gbit/s channels 3-30
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications on TrueWave Plus
fiber multiplexing 10-Gbit/s channels 3-35
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications on SMF-LS fiber
multiplexing 10-Gbit/s channels 3-40
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications on TrueWave RS
fiber multiplexing 10-Gbit/s channels 3-45
Application-independent optical link engineering rules
4-1
Tx chirp adjustment for dispersion compensation 4-1

NLS dithering provisioning 4-1
OPTera Long Haul 1600 mid-stage access (MSA) loss restrictions 4-2
Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) consideration 4-4
Nortel Networks 100 GHz ITU-T compliant wavelength grid 4-5
Wavelength plans 4-6
OADM Applications 4-6
Optical layer components specifications
5-1
Fiber optic attenuators 5-17

Fixed attenuators 5-17
Specifications 5-17
Appendix A:
Description of commercially available optical fiber types
6-1
NDSF 6-1
DSF 6-1
NZ-DSF 6-2
LEAF and E-LEAF (LEAF with reduced dispersion slope) 6-2
Appendix B:
Overview of fiber-optic fundamentals
Effects in the optical fiber 7-1
Fiber effects affecting the energy of an optical pulse 7-2
Fiber effects affecting the shape of an optical pulse 7-4
Chromatic dispersion in DWDM systems 7-4
OPTera Long Haul 1600 NTY315DX Rel 3
7-1
Contents vii
Chromatic dispersion compensation strategies 7-6
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) 7-7
Self-Phase Modulation (SPM) and Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) 7-7
Appendix C:
1600G Amplifier Power specifications
8-1
1600G EOL Power Mask Specifications 8-1

Optical power requirements 8-2
Appendix D:
External tap couplers
9-1
First generation of the 1600G C-band amplifier cards 9-1

Main function of the external tap couplers 9-1
Optical specifications of external tap couplers 9-3
Optical layer functional building blocks with external tap couplers 9-4
Building blocks for standard configurations with external tap couplers 9-4
Special configuration building blocks with external tap couplers 9-8
viii Contents
ix
About this document
This guide describes the DWDM system applications designed with 1600G
Amplifiers. This guide also provides planning, link engineering processes, and
component specifications for the OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band
Unidirectional Optical Systems. The Nortel Networks OPTera Long Haul
1600 Optical Line System (formerly OPTera LH) Release 3 with the OPTera
Long Haul 1600 optical amplifiers scales up to 40 in the C-Band. Future
releases will introduce amplification for the C- and L-Band wavelengths in
both unidirectional and bidirectional configurations.
This document contains the following chapters:
Chapter 1, Introduction
Provides an overview of the optical networks and how the OPTera Long
Haul 1600 technologies interoperate with other Nortel Networks
components to offer a generic optical layer solution.
Chapter 2, Optical layer building blocks
Provides a description of the functional building blocks required for
deploying all the OPTera Long Haul 1600 applications.
Chapter 3, Optical link engineering rules
Provides the optical link budgets and engineering rules required to deploy
1600G Amplifier DWDM systems.
Chapter 4, Application-independent optical link engineering rules
Provides additional rules for Tx Chirp Adjustment, Mid-Stage Access
Loss Restrictions, polarization mode dispersion (PMD) consideration and
Wavelength Plans.
Chapter 5, Optical layer components specifications
Describes the optical building block components specifications required to
deploy the OPTera Long Haul 1600 applications.
Appendix A: Description of commercially available optical fiber types
Provides description of the major fiber types that are commercially
available today (NDSF, DSF, NZ-DSF, LEAF and E-LEAF)
x About this document
Appendix B: Overview of fiber-optic fundamentals

Presents the fiber effects affecting the energy or shape of an optical pulse.
It also explains chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion
(PMD), self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM
or CPM), four-wave mixing (FWM), modulation instability (MI) impact in
DWDM systems.
Appendix C: 1600G Amplifier power specifications
Provides power mask specifications for the 1600G amplifiers. It also
includes the power requirement figures used when you equalize the system
following a system line-up and test (SLAT) procedure, or after adding or
removing optical channels.
Appendix D: External tap couplers
Provides basic information about external tap couplers in specific OPTera
Long Haul 1600 amplifier configurations.
Audience
This document is for the following members of the operating company:
strategic and current network planners
provisioners
transmission standards engineers
network administrators
The OPTera Long Haul 1600 Amplifier Library

The 1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Application Guide is part of the 1600G
Amplifier documentation library. This library consists of NTPs and Planning
Guides. The NTPs contain procedural information that explain how to perform
specific tasks. The Planning Guides contain contextual information to help you
understand why you perform those procedures.
The Planning Guides complement the NTPs by providing the technical
background on issues related to planning, installing, provisioning and
maintaining your optical network. The figure on the following page represents
the relationship between the Planning Guides and the NTPs of the 1600G
Amplifier documentation library.
About this document xi

OTP1468p.eps
OPTera Long Haul 1600 Optical Line System

Network Application Libraries
Repeater
Library
1600G Amplifier
Library
Combiner
Library
Engineering Guides
323-1808-1xx
NTPs
Maintenance
Guides
323-1801-5xx
Planning
Guides
1600G Amplifier
Network
PEC: NTY314AX
Application
New Product features
Guide
Positioning the 1600G amplifier
1600G amplifier application
Transmission and topologies
Amplifier building blocks
DWDM building blocks
Shelf configurations and bay footprint
Ordering information
Engineering documentation
Technical support and information
Power requirements
Control shelf configurations
1600G Amplifier
Optical Layer
Application
Guide
PEC: NTY315DX
Link engineering rules
Application-independent link
engineering rules
Optical layer components
specifications
Optical fiber types
Fiber-optic fundamentals
Installation,
Commissioning,
and Testing Guides
323-1801-3xx
Operations,
Administration, and
Provisioning Guides
323-1801-3xx
PEC: NTY313GC
1600G OADM general
guidelines
Optical Add/Drop
OADM
fiber routing
Multiplexer User
Connecting and site testing
Guide
topology 1/2 amplifiers with
OADM in Direction 1
Connecting and site testing
topology 1/2 amplifiers with
OADM in Direction 2
Completing connections at
an OADM site
Coupler specifications and
ordering information
1600G Amplifier
OAM&P Guide
PEC: NTY317DX
Logical, physical and
software views of Amplifier
Provisioning and facility
management
Optical layer alarms
Level 2 routing
xii About this document
References
This document refers to the following documents:
1600G Amplifier Network Application Guide (NTY314AX)
OPTera Long Haul 1600 Release 3 NTP Library (NTCA65EC)
1-1
Introduction
1-
Chapter overview
The following sections provide an overview of optical networks including:
Describing and understanding optical networks on page 1-1
OPTera Long Haul 1600 technologies for optical layer solutions on page
1-3
Describing and understanding optical networks

A transport network can be split into two primary layers (see Figure 1-1):
a data layer (SONET, SDH, IP, ...) consisting of line, section, or path
terminating equipment
an optical or photonic layer, optical throughways where data payloads are
transported
The optical layer can be divided further into four sublayers:
optical components
functional building blocks
optical spans
optical links
Optical components are the physical boxes that perform core optical functions,
both active and passive, and include such devices as:
optical amplifiers such as erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA)
wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing couplers
wavelength add/drop couplers
dispersion and dispersion slope compensating modules (DCM/DSCM)
These optical components, in turn, can be combined in a variety of ways to
form functional building blocks. For example, optical amplifiers and add/drop
couplers can be combined to form an add/drop multiplexing site.
1-2 Introduction
A functional building block is associated with a specific geographic site. An

optical span is created when two functional building block sites are
interconnected with an optical fiber plant. Optical spans require amplification
of incoming and outgoing wavelength signals to compensate for loss.
Several spans combined together form an optical link, the boundaries of which
are defined by the data network element interfaces, specifically the
transmitters and receivers. The optical link can contain several DWDM
wavelength channels or signals. Two counterpropagating channels are required
to form a single bidirectional data transmission channel.
The optical layer of a transport system is the combination of all the optical
links.
Figure 1-1
Data and optical layers of transport network
F4716-MOR_R80.eps
STE's
Open Architecture
Interfaces
SONET/SDH
LTE's
SONET/
SDH/
IP/
ATM
LTE/ADM
Optical
link
OPTICAL
LAYER
Optical link
Optical amplifier
(uni or bidirectional)
Optical terminating site

(optic - electric &
electro-optical conversion)
Introduction 1-3
OPTera Long Haul 1600 technologies for optical layer solutions

A generic optical layer solution contains a number of key technology
components that set it apart from a traditional SONET/SDH network. For
optical layer applications with a spacing of 100 GHz between the optical
channels, Nortel Networks provides the following:
DWDM transmitters and wavelength translators with tightly controlled
wavelengths
Nortel Networks offers DWDM transmitters at 10-Gbit/s line rates for a
maximum of 40 wavelengths (unidirectional), with bidirectional applications
planned for the future.
Multiwavelength optical signal amplifiers and integrated components,
1600G Amplifiers
1600G Amplifiers can amplify a maximum of 160 wavelengths. The 1600G
Amplifier is the baseline amplifier for 160 applications and provides a
mid-stage access functionality where you can insert components such as
DCMs/DSCMs or optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) couplers, improving
deployment flexibility.
OPTera Long Haul 1600 DWDM couplers
DWDM couplers multiplex and demultiplex optical channels in and out of a
single fiber. These couplers consist of passive filters that are packaged as
stand-alone optical components, with one port for each DWDM channel and a
common port which connects to the fiber plant. Monitoring taps, variable
optical attenuators for received power adjustment, and expansion ports for
upgrades are also included.
OPTera Long Haul 1600 OADM couplers
OPTera Long Haul 1600 OADM couplers selectively add and drop DWDM
channels at a site while passing through other channels in the optical link. Such
configurations improve connectivity and flexibility, and offer services such as
wavelength leasing. OPTera Long Haul 1600 OADM deployment rules are
under development.
Dispersion compensating modules (DCM)
DCMs are used to counter chromatic dispersion in long haul transmission
systems. DCMs contain dispersion compensating fiber that apply a predefined
level of dispersion to reconstruct (compress) the optical pulses. Optical pulses
need to be reconstructed after they have spread out over a given length of fiber.
Dispersion slope compensating modules (DSCM)
A second type of dispersion compensation modules is used in OPTera Long
Haul 1600 applications, namely the Dispersion Slope Compensating Module
(DSCM).
1-4 Introduction
Each channel experiences a different amount of dispersion in the transmission

fibre. The DCMs provide an appropriate amount of compensation for a single
channel. With the MOR Plus, the RED and BLUE Erbium bands were narrow
enough that the difference in dispersion experienced by each channel in a given
band was small. The Erbium gain windows used by OPTera Long Haul 1600
are about 2.5 times larger than MOR Plus therefore optimizing the dispersion
compensation for a subset of wavelength in the band is not appropriate.
DSCMs address this issue by providing a wavelength dependent amount of
dispersion compensation.
2-1
2-
This chapter describes the Nortel Networks optical layer solution for transport
networks. It provides a description of the functional building blocks required
for deploying all the applications described in this applications guide.
Optical layer functional building blocks

You can combine the components of the optical layer in several ways to make
a variety of optical link applications. To facilitate the planning process, Nortel
Networks has defined building blocks which you can combine using
engineering rules to create the required applications.
The building blocks in this applications guide consist of OPTera Long Haul
1600 DWDM components. These components are used to create a 100 GHz
spaced system with the 1600G Amplifiers. Currently, OPTera Long Haul 1600
C-Band unidirectional applications support a maximum of 40 wavelengths.
Link models
In OPTera Long Haul 1600 line applications, Terminal sites are designated as
Term1 or Term2, and Line Amplifier Sites are designated as LA1, LA2, LA3,
LA4 or LA5. Refer to Figure 2-1 for a better understanding of the OPTera
Long Haul 1600 naming conventions used to identify the terminal amplifier
sites and the line amplifier sites.
In all the link budgets rules, LA1 is the first line site nearest to the transmitter.
With the DCMs/DSCMs deployment rule, note that LA1 in one direction does
not correspond LA1 in the opposite direction. The same principle also applies
to the other LA sites.
2-2 Optical layer building blocks

Figure 2-1
4-span unidirectional link
OTP1128.eps
Mux
Tx
Demux
Direction 1
LA1
LA2
LA3
Rx
Term1, Rx
Term2, Rx
Mux
Demux
Term1, Tx
LA3
LA2
Direction 2
Legend
- 1600G Amplifier - unidirectional
LA1
Rx
Term2, Tx
Tx
Optical layer building blocks 2-3
Configuration overview
This section describes, at the functional level, the key attributes and the various
configurations for the OPTera Long Haul 1600 based building blocks. These
building blocks are divided into three categories:
Standard configurations building blocks
Special configuration building blocks
Mux/Demux building blocks
Standard configurations building blocks

This section provides specific descriptions of all amplifier sites used in
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications.
Figure 2-2 shows the Tx-end amplifier site, commonly called Term1. In
addition to Term1, Figure 2-3 also shows one amplifier in the link. This
amplifier is designated as a line amplifier site, commonly known as an LA.
Figure 2-4 shows the Rx-end amplifier site, commonly called Term2.
Figure 2-2
Term1 site configuration
OTP1633p.eps
MSA 1AB
Dual Amp
Common
Tx Pad
Booster Amp
Mux
1A
1B
IN-1
Direction 2
Span
Pad
OUT-1
Booster Amp
MSA
Pad
Demux
OUT-2
2B
Direction 1
UPB
2A
IN-2
UPA-2
MSA
Pad
MSA 2AB
- WDM Coupler
- Faceplate connector
- EDFA
- Circulator
- Pad
- Internal Tap Coupler
OSC1
ADD
OSC1
Legend
OSC2
UniOSC
OSC1
DROP
Note: MSA is mid-stage access for the DCM/DSCM

Figure 2-3
LA site configuration
OTP1637p.eps
MSA 1AB
Dual Amp
Booster Amp
UPA-1
IN
IN-1
1A
1B
OUT-1
MSA
Pad
Booster Amp
Direction 2 OUT
IN
OUT-2
2B
Span
Pad
UPB
Direction 1
OUT
Span
Pad
UPB
2A
IN-2
UPA-2
MSA
Pad
MSA 2AB
Legend
- WDM Coupler
- EDFA
- Circulator
- Pad
OSC2
ADD
OSC1
ADD
OSC1
UniOSC
OSC2
OSC2
DROP
OSC1
DROP
Note: MSA is mid-stage access for the DCM/DSCM and/or the OADM filter

Figure 2-4
OTP1635p.eps
Booster Amp
1A
MSA
Pad
Booster Amp
2B
Span
Pad
Mux
Direction 2
1B
Direction 1
Demux
MSA 1AB
Dual Amp
2A
Common
Tx Pad
MSA
Pad
MSA 2AB
Legend
- WDM Coupler
- EDFA
- Circulator
- Pad
OSC1
Uni OSC
OSC2
OSC2
DROP
OSC2
ADD
Special configuration building blocks

Figure 2-5 shows the special asymmetric configuration required at the Tx-end
terminal amplifier site used in some of the OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band
unidirectional applications. The special link engineering considerations
require signals to bypass the dual amplifier in the Tx direction at the head-end
Tx site.
Figure 2-5
Term1 site special configuration (dual amplifier bypass)
OTP1639p.eps
Mux
Common
Tx Pad
Dual Amp
Booster Amp 1B
Span
Pad
1B
1A
Direction 1
Direction 2
Booster Amp 2B
Demux
UPB
2B
2A
UPA-2
MSA
Pad
MSA 2AB
UniOSC
OSC1
ADD
OSC1
- WDM Coupler
- EDFA
- Circulator
- Pad
OSC2
Legend
OSC1
DROP
1600G amplifier group description

The 1600G amplifier group, which includes the C-Band Dual-Amplifier and
Boosters 18 and 21, amplifies a maximum of 40 C-Band wavelengths in a
unidirectional DWDM link. Dispersion compensation is achieved by installing
DCMs/DSCMs in the mid-stage access (MSA) of the OPTera Long Haul 1600.
The Dual-Amplifier supports two independent amplifiers that are each
provisionable for a total output power of up to +15.5 dBm.
Booster18 can be provisioned to provide +18 dBm of output power. Booster21
can be provisioned to provide +21 dBm of output power.
Booster18 and Booster21 are amplifiers that consist of an input port, output
port, a coupler port, and an interleave port (circulator port) for bidirectional
configurations. The circulator port acts as an output isolator and an upgrade
port for interleaved filter-based amplifier topology. The interleave port will be
available in future releases where bidirectionality is supported.
The Line Amp Site is the only site which applies OADM support.
Tap couplers provide access to optical signals for the purpose of power
measurement and monitoring. While the current version of the C-Band Dual
Amplifier has a built-in internal tap coupler, earlier versions did not. If you
have an earlier version of the C-Band Dual Amplifier, you must use an
External Tap Coupler Assembly to gain access to optical signals for
monitoring.
ATTENTION
For 1600G amplifiers without internal tap couplers, please refer to OPTera
Long Haul 1600 External Tap Coupler Guide (NTY312GC).
1600G Amplifier building block components
The following components are used in specific amplifier sites:
C-Band Dual-Amplifier
C-Band Booster18/Booster21 amplifiers
Optical pads where applicable
Dispersion and dispersion slope compensating modules (DCM/DSCM)
UniOSC or BiOSC
C-Band Grid 1 Mux/Demux couplers (Terminal sites only)
OADM couplers (Line amplifier sites only)
Wavelength capacity
In a unidirectional application, the Dual Amplifier used with Booster18 can
support up to 20 C-Band wavelengths on one fiber.
In a unidirectional application, the Dual Amplifier used with Booster21 can
support up to 40 C-Band wavelengths on one fiber.
Mid-stage access (MSA) rules
To enhance optical networking, optical passive devices such as OADM and
DCMs/DSCMs are used in the mid-stage access. The optical loss in the
mid-stage access of the 1600G amplifiers must be kept close to 10 dB.
Therefore, the sum of the insertion loss of all the components inserted in the
mid-stage (DCMs/DSCMs and optical pads) must be as close as possible to 10
dB, unless specified otherwise.
Padding rules
Common padding is used at Tx, MSA, and span (link) side. The intent of the
rules is to deploy common pads for all wavelength counts. This way, there is
no need to change pads as channels are added.
The Common Tx Pad must be placed between the output of Mux and the input
to the first in-service amplifier (FISA). MSA pads must be placed between
Dual-Amp and DCM/DSCM if there is a DCM/DSCM present. Span pads
must be placed after the Booster output. Refer to Figure 2-2, Figure 2-3, Figure
2-4, and Figure 2-5.
Usage with 1480/1510 nm OSCs or 1510/1615 nm OSCs
Nortel Networks offers two types of OSC circuit packs: a unidirectional and
bidirectional OSC. Use the UniOSC 1480/1510 nm only in a unidirectional
network. If there are plans to migrate from a unidirectional network to a
bidirectional network, then use the BiOSC 1480/1510 nm circuit pack.
Note: Nortel Networks has introduced a new OSC which uses
wavelengths 1510/1615 nm.
Note: Link budgets for unidirectional and bidirectional implementations
of OPTera Long Haul 1600 are different. If you plan to transition a network
from a unidirectional to bidirectional implementation, contact Nortel
Networks for detailed guidelines.
Unused ports
Amplifier unused ports
Do not terminate the unused ports of the Dual Amp and Booster. The unused
ports of the Dual Amp are labelled UPB-1 and UPB-2. The unused ports of the
Booster are labelled UPB and INTLV.
Mux/Demux building blocks

This section provides specific descriptions for Mux/Demux modules used in
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications. Figure 2-6 and
Figure 2-7 show Mux/Demux architectures.
Figure 2-6
Mux modules architecture
OTP0828.eps
To 1600G Amplifier
Common Port
Monitor Port (Tx)
Module 1
Spare
Wavelength
Port
Tx
1546.12 through 1554.13
Module 3
Module 2
Tx
1538.19 through 1545.32
Module 4
Tx
1554.94 through 1562.23
Note: A and B are external patchcords.
Tx
1530.33 through 1537.40

Figure 2-7
Demux modules architecture
OTP0829.eps
To 1600G Amplifier
Common Port
Monitor Port (Rx)
Module 1
Spare
Wavelength
Port
Rx
1546.12 through 1554.13
A
Module 3
Module 2
Rx
1538.19 through 1545.32
A
Rx
1554.94 through 1562.23
Module 4
Note: A and B are external patchcords.
Rx
1530.33 through 1537.40
Configuration description
The Mux modules multiplex a maximum of 40 wavelengths onto a single fiber.
The Demux modules demultiplex a maximum of 40 wavelengths from a single
fiber.
Mux/Demux building blocks components

The following components are currently used in specific Mux/Demux
configurations:
Grid 1:
Module 1 (1546.92 nm to 1554.13 nm, Spare: 1546.12 nm)
Module 2 (1554.94 nm to 1562.23 nm)
Module 3 (1538.19 nm to 1545.32 nm)
Module 4 (1530.33 nm to 1537.40 nm)
Grid 2:
Module 1 (1547.32 nm to 1554.54 nm, Spare: 1546.52 nm)
Module 2 (1555.34 nm to 1562.64 nm)
Module 3 (1538.58 nm to 1545.72 nm)
Module 4 (1530.72 nm to 1537.79 nm)
Wavelength capacity
Up to four modules (mux/demux) are interconnected in cascade to support up
to 40 C-Band wavelengths, plus 1 optional spare, in each wavelength grid.
Each module carries 10 C-Band wavelengths except for the first module that
contains the spare wavelength.
Spare wavelengths
One spare wavelength, 1546.12 nm Grid 1 or 1546.52 nm Grid 2, can be added
or extracted from the fiber using the DWDM baseline coupler.
Module deployment
In a typical unidirectional application, the Mux and Demux is based on the
same grid. This means that when starting to deploy Grid 1, you have to
continue deploying Grid 1 until all its capacity is exhausted for all fiber types.
If you intend to migrate a unidirectional application to a bidirectional
application at a later date, you must use Grid 1 on one direction, and Grid 2 on
the counterpropagating direction.
Note: Link budgets for unidirectional and bidirectional implementations
of OPTera Long Haul 1600 are different. If you plan to transition a network
from a unidirectional to bidirectional implementation, contact Nortel
Networks for detailed guidelines.
Unused ports
All unused upgrade ports of Mux modules must be terminated with
low-reflection terminators. Terminate all ports of the Demux modules with
low-reflection terminators.
The upgrade ports of Mux Module 1 are:
Upgrade A from Module 2
Upgrade B from Module 2
The upgrade ports of Demux Module 1 are:
Upgrade A to Module 2
Upgrade B to Module 2
The upgrade ports of Mux Module 3 are:

The upgrade ports of Demux Module 3 are:
3-1
3-
This chapter provides the optical link budgets and engineering rules required
to deploy 1600G amplifiers DWDM systems. Table 3-1 provides the steps to
follow when using this guide to design the links. This chapter includes the
following sections:
optical link engineering procedure
optical link transmission performance guarantee
link engineering rules
ATTENTION
For all optical link budgets for the OPTera Long Haul 1600 systems, the
specified bit error rate (BER of 10-15) is guaranteed for the projected
end-of-life (EOL) target of 10 years with single Forward Error Correction
(FEC) turned on.
For all WT applications which presently do not support FEC feature, contact
Nortel Networks.
ATTENTION
Link budgets for unidirectional and bidirectional implementations of OPTera
Long Haul 1600 are different. If you plan to transition a network from a
unidirectional to bidirectional implementation, contact Nortel Networks for
detailed guidelines.
ATTENTION
Optical links deployed on a mix of fiber types are not supported in the rules
provided in this applications guide. For more information, contact Nortel
Networks.
3-2 Optical link engineering rules
ATTENTION
For the 10 Gbit/s system link budgets, the numbers given in this chapter for
maximum allowed span loss take into account the presence of an optical
patch panel that connects the OPTera Long Haul 1600 input/output port to the
line fiber. Read Optical patch panel rule on page 3-11 for more information
when designing systems with sites equipped with optical patch panels.
ATTENTION
The link engineering rules for 2.5 Gbit/s systems are not currently
documented. Contact Nortel Networks for more information.
Table 3-1
Link design steps
Step no. Action
1
Use Table 3-2 on page 3-3 to locate the engineering rules specific to the
deployed application on the selected fiber type, and read the
corresponding rules.
If the link engineering rules are not available, contact Nortel Networks.
Refer to Chapter 2, Optical layer building blocks for more information

about the building blocks for the system to be deployed. For detailed
information about the building block components, refer to Chapter 5,
Optical layer components specifications.
Use Chapter 3, Optical link engineering rules to design the optical link
properly. Proceed with the following steps:
Read Deployment considerations for OPTera Long Haul 1600 optical
layer applications on page 3-4 for an overview of the link engineering
process. Look at the link engineering process flow chart (Figure 3-1 on
page 3-6) to verify the required steps required to design of a DWDM
link.
Read the Application-independent optical link engineering rules on
page 4-1 for application type independent rules (Tx chirp, PMD and
MSA loss).
Check the appropriate wavelength plan required for the system by
reading Nortel Networks 100 GHz ITU-T compliant wavelength grid on
page 4-5.
Optical link engineering rules 3-3
Link engineering rules for OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band

unidirectional applications
Use Table 3-2 to find the page number of the unidirectional engineering rules
for each fiber type.
Table 3-2
Page location of the engineering rules
Fiber type
Line rate
Wavelength
capacity
Number of
spans
Supported
configuration
Page
NDSF
10 Gbit/s
1 to 40
1 to 6
Dual-Amplifier
and Booster21,
Dual-Amplifier
Bypass
page 3-13
TW Classic
10 Gbit/s
1 to 30
1 to 6
(see Note 2)
E-LEAF
10 Gbit/s
1 to 40
1 to 6
(see Note 2)
Dual-Amplifier
and Booster18
or
Dual-Amplifier
and Booster21
Dual-Amplifier
and Booster21,
(see Note 1)
page 3-25
(see Note 1)
page 3-30
(see Note 1)
Dual-Amplifier
Bypass
TW Plus
10 Gbit/s
1 to 40
1 to 6
(see Note 2)
Dual-Amplifier
and Booster21,
page 3-35
Dual-Amplifier
Bypass
(See Note 3)
LS
10 Gbit/s
1 to 20
1 to 6
Dual-Amplifier
and Booster18
page 3-40
TW RS
10 Gbit/s
1 to 40
1 to 6
Dual-Amplifier
and Booster21,
page 3-45
(see Note 2)
Dual-Amplifier
Bypass
Note 1: Read the attention messages on page 3-4
Note 2: Currently, 1 to 20 can be deployed with OPTera Long Haul 1600 Release 3.
Note 3: 6-span TW+ link requires the use of a Dual Amp and Booster 18 rather than the Dual Amp and
Booster 21 suggested.
Deployment considerations for OPTera Long Haul 1600 optical layer

applications
The selection of an application and its corresponding link engineering rules
depends on the following factors:
the fiber plant on which the application is to be deployed
the maximum wavelength capacity the link is designed to support
the number of optical spans in the link and their loss profile
the total length of the link
OPTera Long Haul 1600 optical link currently supports up to 40 wavelengths
on a single fiber with 100 GHz spacing between the copropagating optical
channels. Future releases of OPTera Long Haul 1600 will support up to 160
wavelengths on a single fiber. However, to fully define an application, link
budgets and engineering rules are required.
Link budgets are in constant development, supporting new fiber types and
increasing the capacity of the systems. In the following sections, the statement
that a given combination of wavelength number and fiber type is not supported
might not mean that the hardware is not designed to meet the requirement, but
rather that the link budget and engineering rules for that specific application
have not been developed.
If specific information is required about an application type that does not have
link engineering rules for a given fiber and wavelength capacity scenario,
contact Nortel Networks.
For more information about how the characteristics of various optical fibers
affect the link budget and engineering rules, refer to Appendix B: Overview
of fiber-optic fundamentals.
ATTENTION
OPTera Long Haul 1600 OADM deployment rules are under development
and will be presented at a later date.
Optical link engineering procedure

Before you perform an optical link design, refer to the following requirements:
the span loss profile
Note: Measured data is recommended.
the span lengths in kilometers

Note: Measured data is recommended.
the chromatic and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) profile

Note: If required, Nortel Networks can provide engineering services for
performing and interpreting these measurements. Contact your Nortel
Networks sales representative for details.
Optical link budgets and span loss rules

To make network planning easier, special span loss rules and guidelines have
been developed to provide added flexibility in matching Nortel Networks link
budgets with field systems. The link budget tables detail loss in terms of a
maximum allowed loss per span. This loss is the typical acceptable maximum
loss per span for the link.
The design can exceed this span loss slightly on some of the spans if the
cumulative loss for the link (the sum of all the span losses) remains within a
predetermined range. The approach is to acquire unused marginal loss from
shorter spans and add it to the higher loss spans. A detailed interpretation of
the guidelines and rules follow. Figure 3-1 shows the link design procedure
flow chart.

Figure 3-1
Link design procedure flow chart
OTP1155.eps
Is there a configuration
that supports this fiber
type for a particuliar
number of wavelengths
and determined number
of spans ?
No
Contact Nortel Networks

for more information
If required, add fixed

pads to get span
loss minimum required
Does any span
exceed maximum
allowed + 2 dB?
Calculate total link loss

(sum of span losses)
for the link
Is the link within the

supported window
of operation (km)?
No
No
Contact Nortel
Networks
for more information
Yes
Is total link loss >
No
(maximum allowed span
loss x number of spans)?
Yes
Yes
Does any span

exceed maximum
allowed + 1 dB?
Yes
Is the Total
Excess Loss
2 dB?
Yes
Derate the maximum span

loss by the amount
indicated in Table 3-4
Yes
Derate the maximum span

loss by the amount
No
No
Is the Total
Excess Loss
3 dB?
Determine the
Excess Loss in
the link
Is the Total
Excess Loss
1 dB?
Determine the
Excess Loss in
the link
Yes
No derating required

(maximum derated
span loss x number
of spans)?
No
Yes
Yes Derate the maximum span

Is the Total
Excess Loss
loss by the amount
> 1 dB but 2 dB?
No
No
Yes

(maximum derated span
loss x number of spans)?
No
Re-engineer the link
Determine the following:

1. Common Tx Pad
2. MSA Pad and DCMs/
DSCMs required and
their locations
3. Span Pad
Link design is complete
Determine the following:

1. Common Tx Pad
2. MSA Pad and DCMs/
DSCMs required and
their locations
3. Span Pad
Link design is complete
Span loss rules and guidelines

Span loss assumption
The span losses listed in the link budget tables are specified from the output of
the Booster to the input of the Dual-Amplifier. They assume measured or
calculated losses between building blocks, including a 0.25 dB connector loss
at each amplifier. Additional loss must be added to the span as follows:
When using OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional link

engineering rules for 10 Gbit/s, you can increase 1600G amplifier peak
power clamp (overlaunch) to compensate for fiber patch panel losses at the
head end of a span. See the Optical patch panel rule on page 3-11 for
more details.
Any losses related to splices or fiber distribution panels along the span
must be added to the calculated or measured fiber loss.
Figure 3-2 shows the span loss (Lspan) calculation zone where Lspan is the
sum of the fiber patch panel losses (Lopp) and the fiber loss (Lfiber). The value
of Lspan must be between 17 dB and the maximum allowed loss per span
(Lmax).
Figure 3-2
Span loss calculation
OTP1156.eps
Span loss (Lspan) Calculation Zone

optical
patch panel
Direction 1
optical
patch panel
to mux/demux
or MSA site
from mux/demux
or MSA site
Lopp
Lfiber
Lopp
Lspan = Lopp + Lfiber + Lopp

17 dB Lspan Lmax
Legend
1600G Amplifier

Total allowed link loss
The total allowed link loss is the sum of the maximum allowed span loss for
the candidate link.
Total link loss margin
The total link loss (the sum of all span losses for the candidate link) must be
between N x Lmin and N x Lmax, where N is number of spans, Lmax is the
maximum allowed loss per span provided in the link budget tables, and Lmin
is the minimum average loss per span.
Minimum allowable span loss
The minimum allowable loss per span is 17 dB unless otherwise indicated. If

a measured span loss is below this threshold, add fixed attenuation to achieve
the minimum requirement. Use this higher loss as your measured span loss.
Make sure that the fixed pads attenuate all wavelengths linearly and do not
introduce ripple.
Excess loss
The excess loss penalty is defined as a function of fiber type and span count.
The excess loss of each span is defined as the excess loss above Lmax (the
maximum allowed loss per span). For each span, note the amount of loss that
exceeds the maximum allowed span loss. Each of the obtained values
constitutes the per-span excess loss. See Link design procedure flow chart
on page 3-6 to follow the procedure for derating the link budgets for excess
loss when it applies. This procedure refers to Table 3-3, Table 3-4 and
Table 3-5. Please note that excess loss penalty rules are defined only for NDSF,
TWTM Classic, and E-LEAF fiber in this issue.
Maximum allowable per-span excess loss
The maximum allowable per-span excess loss is Lmax + i dB, where i is the
excess loss for span i (1 i n; n = total number of spans).
Total excess loss (EL)
The total excess loss (EL) is the sum of all per-span excess loss over the link.
n
EL = i , where n is the total number of spans.

i=1
Table 3-3, Table 3-4, and Table 3-5 provide the derating factor which needs to
be subtracted from the link budget given in this applications guide. These
derating factors are based on Lmax and EL.

Table 3-3
Per span excess loss 1 dB with total excess loss > 1 dB but 2 dB
Per fiber type derating values
Span Count
NDSF
TWTM Classic
E-LEAF
0 dB
0 dB
0 dB
0.5 dB
0 dB
0 dB
0 dB
0 dB
0 dB
0 dB
0 dB
0.5 dB
Table 3-4
Per span excess loss 2 dB with total excess loss 2 dB
Span Count
NDSF
TWTM Classic
E-LEAF
1 dB
0 dB
0.5 dB
0 dB
0.5 dB
0.5 dB
0.5 dB
0 dB
0.5 dB
0.5 dB
0 dB
0.5 dB
0.5 dB
0 dB
1 dB
Table 3-5
Per span excess loss 2 dB with total excess loss 3 dB
Span Count
NDSF
TWTM Classic
E-LEAF
0.5 dB
0.5 dB
1 dB
1.5 dB
0.5 dB
1 dB
1 dB
0 dB
1.5 dB
1 dB
0 dB
1.5 dB
PMD margin
Refer to Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) consideration on page 4-4 to

determine if the average loss per span must be derated.
Derating example
Use the following example to understand the procedure for derating link
budgets when excess loss rules apply.
Link information:
Fiber type: 300 km of E-LEAF
Span 1: 98 km with a loss of 28.5 dB
Span 2: 100 km with a loss of 17 dB
Span 3: 102 km with a loss of 29 dB
Link budget for 3-span E-LEAF is 28 dB. The supported window for this
budget is between 253 km and 345 km as detailed in Table 3-14.
The allowable difference in span lengths for E-LEAF system is 28 km. The
difference in length between the minimum and maximum span length cannot
be greater than 28 km, otherwise an alternative DCM/DSCM strategy is
required. In this example, the minimum span length is 98 km and the
maximum span length is 102 km. 102 km - 98 km = 2 km which is lower than
28 km. Therefore, we can apply the DCM/DSCM strategy provided in Table
3-14.
Follow the flow chart on page 3-6 to find:
1 Is the total link loss greater than the maximum allowed span loss times the
number of spans?
No, because (28.5 dB + 17 dB + 29 dB = 74.5 dB) is not greater than
(3 28 dB = 84 dB).
2 Does any span exceed the maximum allowed by more than 1 dB?
Yes.
3 Does any span exceed the maximum allowed by more than 2 dB?
No.
4 Determine the total excess loss (EL).
Span 1: 28.5 dB Excess Loss of Span 1 = 1 = 0.5 dB
Span 2: 17 dB Excess Loss of Span 2 =2 = 0 dB
Span 3: 29 dB Excess Loss of Span 3 = 3 = 1 dB
EL = 1 + 2 + 3 =0.5 dB + 0 dB + 1 dB = 1.5 dB
5
Is EL lower or equal to 2 dB?

Yes. Then derate the maximum span loss by the amount indicated in Table
3-4. For a 3-span system on E-LEAF, Table 3-4 shows that the link budget
must be derated by 0.5 dB. This means that our new budget is:
New budget = 28 dB/span 0.5 dB/span = 27.5 dB/span
Is the total link loss greater than the maximum derated span loss times the
number of spans?
No, because (28.5 dB + 17 dB + 29 dB = 74.5 dB) is not greater than
(3 27.5 dB = 82.5 dB).
Derating and Excess Loss Procedure completed.
Padding rules
Three types of pads are used in all OPTera Long Haul 1600 applications:
Common Tx pads, MSA pads and Span pads.
Common Tx pads
Common Transmitter (Tx) pads are attenuators placed at the head-end of the
optical link. The strategy is to use the same attenuators for all channel counts
supported by any application. The common Tx pad must be placed between the
output of the Mux coupler and the input of the first-in-service amplifier
(FISA), that is before the DCM/DSCM if there is a DCM/DSCM present. See
Figure 2-2, Figure 2-3, Figure 2-4, and Figure 2-5 for detailed placement of
Common Tx pads at Term1 and Term2 Amplifier sites.
MSA pads
MSA pads are attenuators placed in the OPTera Long Haul 1600 mid-stage
access (MSA). MSA pads must be placed immediately after the
Dual-Amplifier output, that is before the DCM/DSCM if there is a
DCM/DSCM present. See Figure 2-2, Figure 2-3, Figure 2-4, and Figure 2-5
for detailed placement of MSA pads at Term1, Term2 and Line Amplifier sites.
Span pads
Span pads are attenuators placed in line in order to bring the link attenuation
within the prescribed range. Span pads must be placed after the Booster output.
See Figure 2-2, Figure 2-5, and Figure 2-4 for detailed placement of MSA pads
at Term1, Term2 and Line Amplifier sites.
Optical patch panel rule

For the OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications with
10 Gbit/s link budgets, provisioning rules are designed to compensate for the
patch panel loss at the head-end of the span, after the 1600G amplifier
configured as a post or MSA post-amplifier.
Compensating for the patch panel loss requires higher output power from the
amplifier. Therefore, if the patch panel is not installed at the head-end site, the
output power of the OPTera Long Haul 1600 must be reduced to eliminate
additional distortion penalties caused by channel powers being launched too
high directly into the line fiber. In addition, to meet the specified performance,
the maximum allowed span loss must be reduced by 0.5 dB if there is no
optical patch panel at either head end site. Equivalently, a 0.5 dB penalty can
be added to the measured span loss and the maximum allowed span loss given
in this guide can be used without modification.
Optical link transmission performance guarantee

The transmission performance of S/DMS TransportNode 10 Gbit/s and
equivalent SDH systems for OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional
applications is provided for worst-case end-of-life (EOL) parameters. EOL
parameters include system and equipment impairments caused by deployment,
aging, and temperature degradation over a 10-year period.
The link budgets provided are guaranteed for an EOL bit error rate (BER) of
10-15 on all DWDM channels, with single Forward Error Correction (FEC)
turned on.
To comply with the Nortel Networks performance guarantee, you must meet
the following requirements:
Use Nortel Networks optical modules (transmitters, couplers, DCMs,

amplifiers, receiver).
Design the optical link according to the link engineering and provisioning
rules defined in this application guide.
Set up the optical link according to the system lineup and test (SLAT)
procedures provided by Nortel Networks.
Note: Nortel Networks guarantees BER performance for links that have
optical return loss (ORL) equal to or in excess of 24 dB. Customers must
note that networks containing mechanical splices and biconic connectors
may not meet this requirement. It is recommended that you use tuned
optical connectors.
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications on

NDSF fiber multiplexing 10 Gbit/s channels
Use this section for DWDM systems carrying 10 Gbit/s channels.
You can deploy the following:
1 to 6 span systems with a maximum of 40 wavelengths
For a proper design, you must follow these steps:
Verify that the loss of each span in the link is equal to or below the values
that appear in Table 3-6. If optical patch panels are not installed at all sites,
follow the derating procedure explained in Optical patch panel rule on
page 3-11. You can use the excess loss borrowing method described on
page 3-9 in paragraphs 4 to 7, if applicable.
Select the appropriate DCM/DSCM deployment for the given link length
using Table 3-6. DCM/DSCM placement is very specific. DCMs/DSCMs
must be placed as indicated in Table 3-6.
Read the remainder of the section for amplifier provisioning rules and
padding rules information.
ATTENTION
All links must meet both the maximum allowed span loss and the related
dispersion window of operation.
Dispersion windows of operation are strictly applicable to the number of
spans for which they are designed.
ATTENTION
FEC must always be turned on. For all WT applications which presently do
not support FEC feature, contact Nortel Networks.
ATTENTION
Although the current OPTera Long Haul 1600 hardware is compatible for a
channel count of 40 per band on NDSF, OPTera Long Haul 1600 Release 3
only supports channel power monitoring capabilities for a wavelength count
less than or equal to 20 (Module 1 and Module 2 only). As a result, peak
power clamp and Power Optimizer is only available for links with channel
counts less than or equal to 20 (Module 1 and Module 2 only).
ATTENTION
For NDSF applications, in conjunction with OPTera Long Haul 1600
Release 3 software, an external Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) must be
used to scale capacity and balance power levels above 20 wavelengths. Above
20 wavelengths, scaling channel capacity with Power Optimizer (PO) will be
addressed in future OPTera Long Haul 1600 software releases.
ATTENTION
The allowable difference in span lengths for NDSF system is 5 km. The
difference in length between the maximum and minimum span length cannot
be greater than 5 km, otherwise, an alternative DCM/DSCM strategy is
required.
Maximum allowed span loss, dispersion windows and DCM/DSCM deployment
rules
Always design the link for the final number of wavelengths that is to be
multiplexed in it after all the planned upgrades.
NDSF wavelength plan
This application supports wavelength plans spanning from 1530.33 nm to

1562.23 nm (Grid 1) or 1530.72 nm to 1562.64 nm (Grid 2). Use Module 1,
Module 2, Module 3 and Module 4 with applications on NDSF fiber. NSDF
has a special wavelength upgrade plan requiring that the wavelengths fall
within successive groups of five Reddest. See Wavelength plans on page 4-6
for more information.
Tx chirp
The required transmitter chirp is negative chirp for this particular fiber type
application. See Tx chirp adjustment for dispersion compensation on page
4-1 for more information.
FEC rules
For all spans, FEC must be turned on and the EOL BER is 10-15.
Common Tx Pads
Common Transmitter (Tx) Pads are attenuators placed at the head-end of the
Table 3-6 for detailed placement of Common Tx Pads.

MSA pads
It is possible that MSA padding is required at OPTera Long Haul 1600 line
amplifier sites to set the loss in the mid-stage. MSA Pads must be placed
immediately after the Dual Amplifier output (before the DCM/DSCM) if there
is a DCM/DSCM present. See the OPTera Long Haul 1600 MSA rules on page
Span pads
Span Pads are attenuators placed in line in order to bring the link attenuation
within the prescribed range. Span Pads must be placed after the Booster output.
NDSF fiber link with external tap coupler
For applications with an external tap coupler at the amplifier output, an

additional power loss of 0.5 dB must be considered for the tap coupler and
connector.
In general, all external tap couplers at the output of the dual amplifier are
placed before the fixed pad or DSCM at MSA.
The following engineering rules apply:
At the dual amplifier output, there is no change to the MSA padding rule.
However, the Dual Amp peak power must be increased by 0.5 dB (over
launching).
There is no need to over-launch at booster outputs.
For more information, refer to Appendix D: External tap couplers. If you do

not have a 1600G C-band amplifier with an external tap coupler, these rules do
not apply.

Table 3-6
Maximum allowed span loss, dispersion compensation rules and padding rules for 1-40
applications deployed on NDSF fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels (See Note 1 and Note 2)
10G, NDSF, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-40, Dual-Amp and Booster21 Config., Dual-Amp Bypass
Span
Max. Avg.
Loss
[dB/span]
(see Note 3)
DSCM
(see Notes 4, 5, 6, and 7)
32
T1C DSCM-70 at Rx
74-142
T1C DSCM-70 at LA1,

T1C DSCM-40 at Rx
142-175
T1C DSCM-80 at LA1,

T1C DSCM-60 at Rx
171-202
T1C DSCM-100 at LA1,

T1C DSCM-70 at Rx
200-229
227-253
30
Total Length
Compensation
[km]
(see Note 10)
Common Tx Pad
Required
[dB]
(see Notes 8
and 9)
T1C DSCM-90 at Rx
28

T1C DSCM-40 at LA2,
T1C DSCM-50 at Rx
212-244

T1C DSCM-60 at LA2,
T1C DSCM-50 at Rx
239-273

T1C DSCM-70 at LA2,
T1C DSCM-70 at Rx
270-301

T1C DSCM-90 at LA2,
T1C DSCM-80 at Rx
300-328
T1C DSCM-100 at LA1, LA2, Rx
327-353
continued

Table 3-6 (continued)
Span
Max. Avg.
Loss
[dB/span]
(see Note 3)
26
DSCM
Total Length
Compensation
[km]
(see Note 10)

T1C DSCM-90 at LA1,
T1C DSCM-60 at LA2,
T1C DSCM-50 at LA3, Rx
267-300
T1C DSCM-90 at LA1,

T1C DSCM-70 at LA2,
296-324
T1C DSCM-90 at LA1,
318-345
Common Tx Pad
Required
[dB]
(see Notes 8
and 9)

T1C DSCM-90 at LA2,
343-370
T1C DSCM-110 at LA1,LA2,

370-396

T1C DSCM-90 at LA3,
T1C DSCM-80 at Rx
392-413
T1C DSCM-110 at LA1, LA2, LA3,
411-435
T1C DSCM-70 at Rx
continued

Span
Max. Avg.
Loss
[dB/span]
(see Note 3)
DSCM
Total Length
Compensation
[km]
(see Note 10)

T1C DSCM-100 at LA1, LA2,
Common Tx Pad
Required
[dB]
(see Notes 8
and 9)
415-439

436-459
T1C DSCM-70 at LA3,

454-478
T1C DSCM-90 at LA3,

5
25
477-498

T1C DSCM-100 at LA1, LA2, LA3
492-508

505-520

518-532

T1C DSCM-90 at Rx
continued
531-544

Span
Max. Avg.
Loss
[dB/span]
(see Note 3)
DSCM
Total Length
Compensation
[km]
(see Note 10)

Common Tx Pad
Required
[dB]
(see Notes 8
and 9)
541-551
T1C DSCM-90 at LA2, LA3, LA4,

549-569
T1C DSCM-90 at LA2, LA3, LA4, LA5

T1C DSCM-80 at Rx
6
24
568-577
T1C DSCM-90 at LA4,

576-586

T1C DSCM-110 at LA1, LA2, LA3
586-598
T1C DSCM-80 at LA4, LA5

T1C DSCM-100 at Rx
590-607

T1C DSCM-90 at LA5,
T1C DSCM-80 at Rx
continued

Span
Max. Avg.
Loss
[dB/span]
(see Note 3)
DSCM
Total Length
Compensation
[km]
(see Note 10)
Common Tx Pad
Required
[dB]
(see Notes 8
and 9)
Note 1: All budgets require single Forward Error Correction (FEC) on.
Note 2: Loss is calculated from the Fiber Side of Post Amp to fibre side of Pre Amp.
Note 3: The supported minimum span loss is 17 dB for 1- to 5-span links. Minimum span loss is 18dB
for 6 span.
Note 4: LA1 is the first line site closest to the transmitter, LA2 is the second line site closest to the
transmitter on a direction basis.
Note 5: All the DSCM used here are C-Band Type 1 DSCMs (T1C DSCM).
Note 6: MSA loss rule is 10dB (8 to 11dB)
Note 7: DSCM at the MSA site must be placed after the MSA pad. DSCM at Rx must be placed in the
MSA of the Demux site.
Note 8: The same fixed transmitter pad is applied to 1-40 applications.
Note 9: The Common Tx Pad must be placed between the output of the Module 1 Mux DWDM
coupler and at the input of the head-end amp.
Note 10: The allowable difference between the minimum and maximum span lengths for the NDSF
system is 5 km, with the exception of single span.
Provisioning rules
The provisioning rules over NDSF are described in the following tables:
Table 3-7 gives the 1-20 provisioning rules
For the wavelength count 1-20, the peak power clamp is enabled on all line
amplifiers.
For the wavelength count 21-40, the peak power clamp is enabled on all
amplifiers at Tx. Also, the peak power clamp is enabled on all amplifiers at Rx
in 1-span case.

Table 3-7
applications deployed on NDSF fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels
Provisioning rules for 1-20
10G, NDSF, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-20, Dual Amp. Booster21 Config., Dual-Amp Bypass
Transmitter Site
Span
Dual
Line Site
Booster21
Dual
Receiver Site
Booster21
Dual
Booster21
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Power
[dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dBm]
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
--
--
--
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
15.5
6.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
15.5
6.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
15.5
6.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
15.5
6.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
15.5
6.5
21
15.5
21
Note: The peak power clamp is enabled on all amplifiers.

Table 3-8
Transmitter Site
Span
Dual
Line Site
Booster21
Dual
Receiver Site
Booster21
Dual
Booster21
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
--
--
--
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
13.7
--
20.8
--
13.7
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
13.6
--
19.4
--
13.6
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
13.0
--
19.4
--
13.0
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
13.8
--
19.0
--
13.8
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
14.4
--
19.5
--
14.4
--
21
Note 1: The peak power clamp is enabled on all amplifiers in a 1-span link
Note 2: The peak power clamp is disabled on all line amplifiers and Term2 amplifiers. The peak power
clamp is enabled on all Term1 amplifiers in all applications.
Note 3: Do not round the total power value.

Table 3-9
Transmitter Site
Span
Dual
Line Site
Booster21
Dual
Receiver Site
Booster21
Dual
Booster21
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
--
--
--
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
13.7
--
20.8
--
13.7
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
14.0
--
19.4
--
14.0
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
13.8
--
19.4
--
13.8
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
14.2
--
19.4
--
14.2
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
14.8
--
19.8
--
14.8
--
21

Table 3-10
Transmitter Site
Span
Dual
Line Site
Booster21
Dual
Receiver Site
Booster21
Dual
Booster21
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
--
--
--
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
13.7
--
20.8
--
13.7
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
14.3
--
19.4
--
14.3
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
14.0
--
19.4
--
14.0
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
14.5
--
19.4
--
14.5
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
15.2
--
20.1
--
15.2
--
21

Table 3-11
Transmitter Site
Span
Dual
Line Site
Booster21
Dual
Receiver Site
Booster21
Dual
Booster21
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
--
--
--
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
13.8
--
21
--
13.8
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
14.3
--
20.0
--
14.3
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
15.0
--
20.0
--
15.0
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
15.0
--
20.0
--
15.0
--
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
15.5
20.5
--
15.5
--
21

TrueWave Classic fiber multiplexing 10 Gbit/s channels
Use this section for DWDM systems carrying 10 Gbit/s.
You can deploy 1 to 6 span systems with a maximum of 30 wavelengths.
that appear in Table 3-12. If optical patch panels are not installed at all
sites, follow the derating procedure explained in Optical patch panel rule
on page 3-11. You can use the excess loss borrowing method described on
Read the remainder of the section for amplifier provisioning rules, padding
rules information.
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
The link budgets rules are compatible for 30 wavelengths channel count.
ATTENTION
The power provisioning rules are available for up to 20 wavelengths
applications. The power provisioning rules for 30 wavelengths count will be
provided with a future OPTera Long Haul 1600 software release.
ATTENTION
channel count of 30 per band on TrueWave ClassicTM, OPTera Long Haul
1600 Release 3 only supports channel power monitoring capabilities for a
wavelength count less than or equal to 20 (Module 1 and Module 2 only). As
a result, peak power control and Power Optimizer is only available for links
with channel counts less than or equal to 20 (Module 1 and Module 2 only).
Above 20, scaling channel capacity with PO will be addressed in future
OPTera Long Haul 1600 software releases.
ATTENTION
With TrueWave ClassicTM, Booster18 is the optimum amplifier and must be
used as the standard configuration. Booster21 can also be supported for the
same application.
ATTENTION
The allowable difference in span lengths for TrueWave ClassicTM system is
28 km. The difference in length between the maximum and minimum span
length cannot be greater than 28 km, otherwise, an alternative DCM/DSCM
strategy is required.
rules
TrueWave Classic TM Wavelength plan

Module 2 and Module 3 with applications on TrueWave ClassicTM fiber. This
channel wavelength plan is optimized for TrueWave ClassicTM fiber. See the
Wavelength plans on page 4-6 for more information.
Tx chirp
FEC rules
Common Tx Pads
MSA Pads
It is possible that MSA padding be required at OPTera Long Haul 1600 line
immediately after the Dual-Amplifier output, that is before the DCM/DSCM
if there is a DCM/DSCM present. See the OPTera Long Haul 1600 MSA rules
on page 4-2 for more information.
Span Pads
TrueWave Classic TM fiber link with external tap coupler

connector.
At the dual amplifier output, reduce the fixed MSA pad requirement from
5 dB to 4 dB. There is no need to over-launch at the Dual Amp output.
Over launch by 0.5 dB (peak power) at booster output.

not apply.

Table 3-12
Classic fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels (See Notes 1, 2, and 11)
applications deployed on TW
10G, TWC, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-30, Dual Amp. Booster18 Config., No Bypass
Total Length Common Tx
Pad
Compensation
Required
[km]
[dB]
(see Note 12)
(see Notes 9
and 10)
Span
Max. Avg.
Loss
[dB/span]
(see Note 3)
DCM/DSCM
(see Notes 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8)
31
two 1600 DCM 200P at Tx site
122 - 185
29
1600 DCM 300P at Tx,
155 - 274
290 - 398
T1C DSCM-5 at Rx
3
27
1600 DCM 300P at Tx,

T1C DSCM-20 at Rx
25
1600 DCM 200P at Tx, T1C DSCM-30 at Rx
442 - 504
23
two 1600 DCM 200P at Tx, T1C DSCM-10 at

LA1, LA2, LA3, LA4, Rx
502 - 556
22
two 1600 DCM 200P at Tx, T1C DSCM-10 at

LA1, LA2, LA3, LA4, LA5, Rx
555 - 588
Note 3: The supported minimum span loss is 17 dB for 1- to 6-span links.
Note 4: LA1 is the first line site closest to the transmitter, LA2 is the second closest line site to the
transmitter, on a direction basis.
Note 6: Use the same DCM strategy for 1-30 applications.
Note 7: DSCM at Tx must be placed in the MSA of the Mux site. DSCM at the MSA site must be placed
after the MSA pad. DSCM at Rx must be placed in the MSA of the Demux site.
Note 10: The Common Tx Pad should be placed between the output of the Module 1 Mux DWDM
coupler and at the input of the head-end amp.
Note 11: The minimum loss between the output of the dual amplifier and the input of the DSCM is 5 dB
for line and Rx sites. The purpose of having a 5 dB pad is to ensure that power launch into the DSCM
is low enough to prevent nonlinear distortion. Even with this 5 dB pad, the MSA loss rule of 8 to 11 dB
must be followed.
Note 12: The allowable difference between the minimum and maximum span lengths for the TWC

Provisioning rules
Table 3-13 shows the 1-20 provisioning rules over TrueWave ClassicTM.
Table 3-13
applications deployed on TW
Classic fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels
Provisioning rules for 20-
10G, TWC, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-20, Dual Amp. Booster18 Config., No Bypass
Transmitter Site
Dual
Span
Line Site
Booster 18
Dual
Receiver Site
Booster 18
Dual
Booster 18
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
15.5
3.5
18
--
--
--
--
15.5
18
15.5
2.5
18
15.5
2.5
18
15.5
18
15.5
2.5
18
15.5
2.5
18
15.5
18
15.5
2.5
18
15.5
2.5
18
15.5
18
15.5
1.5
18
15.5
1.5
18
15.5
18
15.5
1.5
18
15.5
1.5
18
15.5
18
Note 1: The peak power clamp is enabled on all amplifiers

Note 2: Provisioning rules assume an overlaunch of 0.5 dB to account for a head-end optical patch
panel.
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications on E-LEAF

fiber multiplexing 10-Gbit/s channels
rules information.
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
channel count of 40 per band on E-LEAF, OPTera Long Haul 1600 Release
3 only supports channel power monitoring capabilities for a wavelength count
less than or equal to 20 (Module 1 and Module 2 only). As a result, peak
power control and Power Optimizer is only available for links with channel
counts less than or equal to 20 (Module 1 and Module 2 only).
ATTENTION
The allowable difference in span lengths for E-LEAF system is 28 km. The
difference in length between the maximum and minimum span length cannot
be greater than 28 km, otherwise, an alternative DCM/DSCM strategy is
required.
rules
E-LEAF Wavelength plan

Module 2, Module 3 and Module 4 with applications on E-LEAF fiber. See
Wavelength plans on page 4-6 for more information.
Tx chirp
FEC rules
Common Tx Pads

MSA Pads
Span Pads
E-LEAF fiber link with external tap coupler

connector.
Over launch by 0.5dB (peak power) at booster output.

not apply.

Table 3-14
applications deployed on E-LEAF fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels (See Notes 1, 2, and 11)
10G, E-LEAF, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-40, Dual Amp. Booster21 Config., Dual-amp Bypass
Max. Avg.
Loss
[dB/span]
(see Note 3)
DCM/DSCM
(see Notes 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8)
33
1600 DCM 200P at Tx site
87-172
31
1600 DCM 200P at Tx, T1C DSCM-10 at LA1 &

Rx
180-279
28
1600 DCM 100P at Tx, T1C DSCM-10 at LA1 &

LA2, T1C DSCM-20 at Rx
253-345
27
T1C DSCM-10 at LA1 & LA2,
415-447
494-505
533-545
Span
Total Length
Compensation
[km]
(see Note 12)
Common Tx
Pad Required
[dB]
(see Notes 9
and 10)
T1C DSCM-20 at LA3 & Rx

5
25
T1C DSCM-10 at LA1, LA3 & LA4,

T1C DSCM-20 at LA2, T1C DSCM-5 &
T1C DSCM-20 at Rx
23.4
T1C DSCM-10 at LA1, LA3 & LA4,

T1C DSCM-20 at LA2 & Rx,
T1C DSCM-5 & T1C DSCM-10 at LA5
coupler and at the input of the head-end amplifier.
for line and Rx sites. The purpose of having a 5 dB pad is to ensure that power launch into the DSCM is
low enough to prevent nonlinear distortion. Even with this 5 dB pad, the MSA loss rule of 8 to 11 dB must
be followed.
Note 12: The allowable difference between the minimum and maximum span lengths for the E-LEAF

Provisioning rules
Table 3-15 shows the 1-20 provisioning rules over E-LEAF.

Table 3-15
applications deployed on E-LEAF fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels
10G, E-LEAF, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-20, Dual Amp. Booster21 Config., Dual-amp Bypass
Transmitter Site
Span
Dual
Line Site
Booster 21
Dual
Receiver Site
Booster 21
Dual
Booster 21
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
Total
Peak
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
--
--
--
--
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
6.5
21
15.5
6.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
5.5
21
15.5
5.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
5.5
21
15.5
5.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
4.5
21
15.5
4.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
3.5
21
15.5
3.5
21
15.5
21

Note 2: Provisioning rules assume an over-launch of 0.5 dB to account for a head-end optical patch
panel.
Note 3: N/A is short for not applicable.

Plus fiber multiplexing 10-Gbit/s channels
TrueWave
rules information.
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
6-span TW+ link requires the use of a Dual Amp and Booster 18 rather than
the Dual Amp and Booster 21 suggested.
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
channel count of 40 per band on TrueWave Plus, OPTera Long Haul 1600
Release 3 only supports channel power monitoring capabilities for a
ATTENTION
The allowable difference in span lengths for system TrueWave Plus is
rules
Plus Wavelength plan
TrueWave

Module 2, Module 3 and Module 4 with applications on TrueWave Plus
fiber. See Wavelength plans on page 4-6 for more information.
Tx chirp
FEC rules
Common Tx Pads

MSA Pads
Span Pads
Plus fiber link with external tap coupler
TrueWave

connector.
Over-launch by 0.5dB (peak power) at booster output.

not apply.

Table 3-16
Plus fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels (See Notes 1, 2, 11 and 12)
applications deployed on TrueWave
10G, TW+, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-40 , Topology 2, Dual-amp Bypass
Span
Max. Avg.
Loss
(dB/span)
(see Note 3)
DCM/DSCM
(see Notes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8)
Total Length
Compensation
(km)
Fixed Tx
Pad
Required
(dB)
(See Notes
9 and 10)
34
1600 DCM200P at Tx
44-185
28
1600 DCM200P at Tx, T1C DSCM20 at Rx
171-318
26
1600 DCM200P at Tx, T1C DSCM20 at LA1,

T1C DSCM10 at LA2 and Rx
326-408
25

and LA2, T1C DSCM10 at LA3 and Rx
490-509
23
1600 DCM200P at Tx, T1C DSCM20A at

LA1, LA2, LA3, and LA4
553-572
6 (See
Note 13)
22
1600 DCM200P at Tx, T1C DSCM20A at

LA1 and LA2, T1C DSCM10 at LA3, LA4 and
Rx
511-526
Note 11: The minimum loss between the output of the dual amplifier and the input of the DSCM is 5
dB for line and Rx sites. The purpose of having a 5 dB pad is to ensure that power launch into the DSCM
must be followed.
Note 12: The allowable difference between the minimum and maximum span lengths for the TW+
Note 13: 6-span TW+ link requires the use of a Dual Amp and Booster 18 rather than the Dual Amp
and Booster 21 suggested.

Provisioning rules
Table 3-17 shows the 1-20 provisioning rules over TrueWave Plus.
Table 3-17
Plus fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels
10G, TW+, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-20 , Topology 2, Dual-amp Bypass
Transmitter Site
Span
Dual
Line Site
Booster 21
Peak
Total
Peak
Power Power Power
(dBm) (dBm) (dBm)
Dual
Receiver Site
Booster 21
Total
Peak
Total
Power Power Power
(dBm) (dBm) (dBm)
Dual
Booster 21
Total
Peak Total Peak
Total
Peak
Power Power Power Power Power Power
(dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm)
N/A
N/A
5.5
21
--
--
--
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
5.5
21
15.5
5.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
3.5
21
15.5
3.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
2.5
21
15.5
2.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
2.5
21
15.5
2.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
2.5
18
15.5
2.5
18
15.5
18

panel.
Note 4: 6-span TW+ link requires the use of a Dual Amp and Booster 18 rather than the Dual Amp and
Booster 21 suggested.
OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band unidirectional applications on SMF-LS

fiber multiplexing 10-Gbit/s channels
rules information.
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
The allowable difference in span lengths for system SMF-LS is
ATTENTION
The 20 wavelength plan for SMF-LS link fall within MUX/DEMUX
modules 3 and 4 (short wavelength end). Because the MUX common output
is in module 1, module 1, 3, and 4 must be used to implement the C-Band
wavelength plan. Any channel in the 20 wavelength plan can be replaced with
the spare channel in module 1 without budget penalty.

rules
SMF-LS Wavelength plan

1545.32 nm (Grid 1) or 1530.72 nm to 1545.72 nm (Grid 2). Use Module 3 and
Module 4 with applications on LS fiber. See Wavelength plans on page 4-6
for more information.
Tx chirp
The required transmitter chirp is positive chirp for this particular fiber type
FEC rules
Common Tx Pads
MSA Pads
Span Pads

SMF-LS fiber link with external tap coupler

connector.
At the dual amplifier output, there is no change to the MSA padding rule.
There is no need to over-launch at the Dual Amp output.

not apply.

Table 3-18
applications deployed on SMF-LS fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels (See Notes 1, 2, 11 and 12)
10G, SMF-LS, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-20 , Topology 1, No Bypass
Span
Max. Avg.
Loss
(dB/span)
(see Note 3)
DCM/DSCM
(see Notes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8)
Total Length
Compensation
(km)
Fixed Tx
Pad
Required
(dB)
(see Notes 9
and 10)
34
T1C DSCM50 at Tx, 1600 DCM300P at Rx
101-200
30
T1C DSCM40 at Tx, two 1600 DCM200P at

Rx
232-318
27

Rx
279-351
25

Rx
344-416
24
T1C DSCM20 at Tx, 1600 DCM200P at LA4,

2DCM200P at Rx
426-534
22

LA5, two 1600 DCM200P at Rx
533-572
Note 6: Use the same DCM/DSCM strategy for 1-20 applications.
for line and Rx sites. The purpose of having a 5 dB pad is to ensure that power launch into the DSCM
must be followed.
Note 12: The allowable difference between the minimum and maximum span lengths for the SMF-LS

Provisioning rules
Table 3-19 shows the 1-20 provisioning rules over SMF-LS.

Table 3-19
applications deployed on SMF-LS fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels
10G, SMF-LS, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-20 , Topology 1, No Bypass
Transmitter Site
Dual
Span
Line Site
Booster 18
Dual
Receiver Site
Booster 18
Dual
Booster 18
Peak Total
Peak Total Peak Total
Total
Peak
Total
Peak Total Peak
(dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm)
15.5
4.5
18
--
--
--
15.5
18
15.5
4.5
18
15.5
4.5
18
15.5
18
15.5
3.5
18
15.5
3.5
18
15.5
18
15.5
3.5
18
15.5
3.5
18
15.5
18
15.5
2.5
18
15.5
2.5
18
15.5
18
15.5
1.5
18
15.5
1.5
18
15.5
18

Note 2: Provisioning rules assume a booster over-launch of 0.5 dB to account for a head-end optical
patch panel.

RS fiber multiplexing 10-Gbit/s channels
TrueWave
rules information.
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
channel count of 40 per band on TrueWave RS, OPTera Long Haul 1600
Release 3 only supports channel power monitoring capabilities for a
ATTENTION
The allowable difference in span lengths for system TrueWave RS is
rules
RS Wavelength plan
TrueWave

Module 2, Module 3 and Module 4 with applications on TrueWave RS fiber.
See Wavelength plans on page 4-6 for more information.
Tx chirp
FEC rules
Common Tx Pads

MSA Pads
Span Pads
RS fiber link with external tap coupler
TrueWave

connector.

not apply.

Table 3-20
RS fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels (See Notes 1, 2, 11 and 12)
10G, TWRS, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-40 , Topology 2, Dual-amp Bypass
Span
Max. Avg.
Loss
(dB/span)
(see Note 3)
DCM/DSCM
(see Notes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8)
Total Length
Compensation
(km)
Fixed Tx
Pad
Required
(dB)
(see Notes
9 and 10)
34
1600 DCM200P at Tx
42-187
28
1600 DCM200P at Tx, T1C DSCM10 at L1 &

Rx
135-324
26
1600 DCM200P at Tx, T1C DSCM-10 at

LA1, LA2, DSCM30 at Rx
235-430
25

LA3, DSCM20 at LA2, T1C DSCM30 at Rx
326-465
24

LA4, T1C DSCM20 at LA1, LA3, T1C
DSCM30 at Rx
444-466
23
T1C DSCM20 at LA1, LA3, LA5, T1C

DSCM10 at LA2 & LA4, T1C DSCM30 at Rx
558-571
Note 11: The minimum loss between the output of the dual amplifier and the input of the DSCM is 5
dB for line and Rx sites. The purpose of having a 5 dB pad is to ensure that power launch into the
DSCM is low enough to prevent nonlinear distortion. Even with this 5 dB pad, the MSA loss rule of 8
to 11 dB must be followed.
Note 12: The allowable difference between the minimum and maximum span lengths for the TWRS

Provisioning rules
Table 3-21 shows the 1-20 provisioning rules over TrueWave RS.
Table 3-21
RS fiber, 10 Gbit/s channels
10G, TWRS, C-Band, Unidirectional, 1-20 , Topology 2, Dual-amp Bypass
Transmitter Site
Span
Dual
Total
Peak
Power Power
(dBm) (dBm)
Line Site
Booster 21
Dual
Receiver Site
Booster 21
Dual
Booster 21
Peak
Peak Total
Total
Total Peak Total Peak
Peak
Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Power
(dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm)
Total
Power
(dBm)
N/A
N/A
5.5
21
--
--
--
--
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
4.5
21
15.5
4.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
4.5
21
15.5
4.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
4.5
21
15.5
4.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
4.5
21
15.5
4.5
21
15.5
21
N/A
N/A
3.5
21
15.5
3.5
21
15.5
21

panel.
4-1
Application-independent optical link

engineering rules
4The following rules apply to all OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band
Unidirectional applications.
Tx chirp adjustment for dispersion compensation
Depending on the fiber type you use in the application, use a DWDM
transmitter with positive or negative chirp to pre-compensate for dispersion.
The 10 Gbit/s DWDM transmitters are software provisioned for positive or
negative chirp.
The selection of a positive or negative chirp transmitter depends on the exact
value of 0. For example, a transmitter which sees negative dispersion ( < 0)
should have its chirp set to positive. Table 4-1 shows the engineering rules for
selecting the appropriate 10 Gbit/s transmitter chirp as a function of
wavelength and fiber type.
Table 4-1
10 Gbit/s Tx chirp polarity selection criteria with OPTera Long Haul 1600
Fiber type
Net link dispersion
Required transmitter chirp
NDSF
positive
negative chirp
TrueWave Classic
positive
negative chirp
E-LEAF
positive
negative chirp
TrueWave Plus
positive
negative chirp
SMF-LS
negative
positive chirp
TrueWave RS
positive
negative chirp
NLS dithering provisioning

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a nonlinear scattering effect that
transfers energy from one light wave to a counter-propagating light wave of
longer wavelength. Therefore, the pulses of the shorter DWDM wavelengths
4-2 Application-independent optical link engineering rules
will see their energy being transferred to longer wavelengths while they
propagate through the fiber. SBS effects become more significant with
increasing power of DWDM channels and increasing length of the optical link.
Since SBS is a narrowband effect, it is possible to dither the source to decrease
the penalty. The frequency excursion of the dither must be sufficient to
increase the SBS threshold, but small enough so that the dispersion penalty is
not seriously increased. NLS dithering must be turned on for OPTera Long
Haul 1600 Releases 1.2 and higher. See the OPTera Long Haul 1600, or
OPTera Long Haul 1600 Optical Amplifier Shelf NTP libraries for NLS dither
provisioning procedures.
OPTera Long Haul 1600 mid-stage access (MSA) loss restrictions
When 1600G amplifiers are used, components can be inserted between them.
To optimize the performance of the line amplifier, the loss in the MSA must be
adjusted within certain limits. The total loss in the MSA is the sum of the loss
of all the components inserted between two 1600G amplifiers. Table 4-2 gives
MSA loss targeted values unless otherwise indicated in the tables of Chapter
3, Optical link engineering rules.
Table 4-2
MSA loss recommendations
MSA loss [dB]
Link budget impact
<8
Not supported. Pad required to reach the 8-11 dB

supported range at this moment.
8-11
No link budget penalty.
>11
Not supported at this time.
It is important to keep the loss within the prescribed limits. Additional padding
can be required to bring the total loss within the desired operating point.
The 1600G amplifiers are designed for 10 dB of mid-stage access (MSA) loss.
However, the recommended MSA padding value can be anywhere between 8
to 11 dB. The MSA loss includes connector, DCM/DSCM, OADM, and pad
losses within the MSA site.
To calculate the required pads for Network Planning purposes, the loss of the
inserted components must be known. Table 4-3 gives the loss of all
components that can be inserted in the MSA.
Application-independent optical link engineering rules 4-3

.
Table 4-3
Maximum DCM losses used for total MSA loss calculation
Type
DCM Module
Maximum Loss [dB]
Positive DCM
1600 DCM 100P
2.3
Positive DCM
1600 DCM 200P
4.6
Positive DCM
1600 DCM 300P
6.9
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-5
2.2
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-10
2.6
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-20
3.4
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-30
4.2
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-40
5.0
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-50
5.8
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-60
6.6
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-70
7.4
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-80
8.2
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-90
9.0
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-100
9.8
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-110
10.6
C-Band Type 1 DSCM
T1C DSCM-120
11.4
ATTENTION
Measured loss due to patch panels and other passive components must be
taken into account when determining the required pads to adjust the MSA
loss to the prescribed MSA loss recommendations (Table 4-2). This measured
loss can be determined from OAM&P Display Total Power
Recommendations Screen.
Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) consideration

In rare cases, the signal distortion and performance degradation resulting from
PMD must be compensated for by reducing the link budgets provided in this
chapter by the appropriate amount. Table 4-4 provides the specifications for
the modification to be made to the link budgets.
To obtain the mean link differential group delay (DGD), you can use data
provided by the fiber supplier or, preferably, you can measure the mean DGD
directly using commercially available test equipment.
Data provided by the fiber supplier is normally specified as a PMD coefficient
[ps/km]. To calculate the mean DGD for a link, use the following formula:
Mean link DGD={ [(PMD value/span) ps/km]2 x [(length of span) km]}1/2
For example, in a 3-span system with span lengths of 80 km, 60 km, and 40 km
in which the PMD coefficients are 0.2 ps/km, 0.16 ps/km, and 0.13 ps/km,
respectively, the DGD would be calculated as:
Mean link DGD = (0.22 x 80 + 0.162 x 60 + 0.132 x 40)1/2 = 2.33 ps
Table 4-4
PMD specifications for 10 Gbit/s DWDM applications
Differential group delay
[ps]
10 Gbit/s
Engineering rules
0-4
No change
4-9
De-rate average loss per span by 1 dB
9 - 14
De-rate average loss per span by 2 dB
14 - 22
Contact Nortel Networks.
> 22
Reduce the number of spans (see Note 2)
Note 1: In these ranges the probability of a protection switch when the signal
degrade threshold is set to 10-8 is one per year.
Note 2: If PMD compensation is needed, contact Nortel Networks for more
information.
Nortel Networks 100 GHz ITU-T compliant wavelength grid

The Nortel Networks DWDM wavelength grid is compliant with the
international 100 GHz ITU-T wavelength grid. The 1600G amplifiers provide
optical amplification in two separate bands of transmission: the Conventional
Band (C-Band) and the Long Band (L-Band). The C-Band ranges from 1530
nm to 1563 nm. The L-Band ranges from 1570 nm to 1603 nm. Currently, a
maximum of 40 C-Band wavelengths selected from the 100 GHz ITU-T
wavelength grid are provided. The L-Band capability will be introduced in
future releases of OPTera Long Haul 1600.
To simplify the network planning of a unidirectional or bidirectional DWDM
architecture, the Nortel Networks wavelength plan is divided into two Grids in
the C-Band:
Grid 1 Wavelengths Range: 1530.33 nm to 1562.23 nm, Spare

1546.12 nm. Grid 1 is based on the 100 GHz ITU-T wavelength grid.
Grid 2 Wavelengths Range: 1530.72 nm to 1562.64 nm, Spare
1546.52 nm. Grid 2 is offset by 50 GHz from the 100 GHz ITU-T
wavelength grid.
To ensure optimal use of the OPTera Long Haul 1600 gain spectrum, the OSC
signal wavelengths (UniOSC 1480nm/1510 nm, BiOSC 1480 nm/1510 nm,
UniOSC 1510/1615 or BiOSC 1510/1615) are allocated outside the channel
wavelength plan grid. Figure 4-1 shows Nortel Networks 1600G Amplifier
Gain Spectrum and channel allocation grid.
Figure 4-1
1600G Amplifier Gain Spectrum
OTP1631.eps
1480 nm 1510 nm
OSCs
1530 nm
1563 nm 1570 nm
1603 nm
1615 nm
OSC
Conventional Band
(C-Band)
Long Band
(L-Band)
OPTera Long Haul 1600 gain window
Wavelength plans
The wavelength upgrade plans for OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band are shown
in Table 4-5 (Grid 1) and Table 4-6 (Grid 2). The tables specify the Channel
Wavelength-to-DWDM Mux/Demux Module mapping.
For all fiber types, the engineering rules for DWDM Mux/Demux Module
deployment sequence are:
Deploy Module 1 until all the capacity is exhausted for all fiber types.
Deploy Module 2 next for all fiber types except certain types of NZ-DSF
fiber.
Deploy Module 3 next for all fiber types.
Finally, deploy Module 4 for all fiber types except TrueWave Classic TM.
OADM Applications
For OADM applications, choose the wavelengths according to 1-channel,
2-channel, or Band OADM drop recommendations. OADM modules are to be
introduced in 1-channel, 2-channel, or multichannel band drop. See Table 4-5
and Table 4-6 for the wavelength plan corresponding to the OADM couplers.
Channels designated to support express or OADM channels need to be
assigned correctly to either express or OADM applications. As a result, careful
planning of wavelengths before deployment is required. For example, if all
wavelengths from Module 1 are to be deployed as express channels, the
OADM wavelengths on that module should remain as express wavelengths. In
the event that OADM is required at a later date, the OADM wavelengths from
modules 2, 3, or 4 should be used providing that the OADM wavelengths on
them have not yet been deployed as express.

Table 4-5
C-Band Grid 1 wavelength plan for the 1600G Amplifier
C-Band Grid 1 wavelengths, 10-Lambda modular plan (100-GHz ITU-T)
Express
OADM
Frequency (THz) Wavelength (nm) Mod 1 Mod 2 Mod 3 Mod 4 1-channel 2-channel
195.90
1530.33
195.80
1531.12
195.70
1531.90
195.60
1532.68
195.50
1533.47
195.40
1534.25
195.30
1535.04
o
195.20
1535.82
x
o
o
195.10
1536.61
195.00
1537.40
x
o
x
o
194.90
1538.19
194.80
1538.98
o
x
o
194.70
1539.77
194.60
1540.56
o
194.50
1541.35
194.40
1542.14
194.30
1542.94
194.20
1543.73
194.10
1544.53
194.00
1545.32
193.90
1546.12
x
Spare
193.80
1546.92
193.70
1547.72
193.60
1548.51
193.50
1549.32
193.40
1550.12
193.30
1550.92
193.20
1551.72
o
x
o
193.10
1552.52
193.00
1553.33
o
x
o
192.90
1554.13
192.80
1554.94
x
o
o
192.70
1555.75
192.60
1556.55
x
o
o
192.50
1557.36
192.40
1558.17
192.30
1558.98
192.20
1559.79
192.10
1560.61
192.00
1561.42
191.90
1562.23
Note: Shaded boxes in the Mod 1, 2, 3, 4 columns represent wavelengths supported on each module.

Table 4-6
C-Band Grid 2 wavelength plan for the 1600G Amplifier
C-Band Grid 2 wavelengths, 10-Lambda modular plan (-50 GHz offset from 100-GHz ITU-T)
Express
OADM
Frequency (THz) Wavelength (nm) Mod 1 Mod 2 Mod 3 Mod 4 1-channel 2-channel
195.85
1530.72
195.75
1531.51
195.65
1532.29
195.55
1533.07
195.45
1533.86
195.35
1534.64
195.25
1535.43
o
195.15
1536.22
x
o
o
195.05
1537.00
194.95
1537.79
x
o
x
o
194.85
1538.58
194.75
1539.37
o
x
o
194.65
1540.16
194.55
1540.95
o
194.45
1541.75
194.35
1542.54
194.25
1543.33
194.15
1544.13
194.05
1544.92
193.95
1545.72
193.85
1546.52
x
Spare
193.75
1547.32
193.65
1548.11
193.55
1548.92
193.45
1549.72
193.35
1550.52
193.25
1551.32
193.15
1552.12
o
x
o
193.05
1552.93
192.95
1553.73
o
x
o
192.85
1554.54
192.75
1555.34
x
o
o
192.65
1556.15
192.55
1556.96
x
o
o
192.45
1557.77
192.35
1558.58
192.25
1559.39
192.15
1560.20
192.05
1561.01
191.95
1561.83
191.85
1562.64
Note: Shaded boxes in the Mod 1, 2, 3, 4 columns represent wavelengths supported on each module.
5-1
Optical layer components specifications5This chapter describes the optical building block components specifications
required to deploy the applications described in this applications guide. The
components specifications are split into the following two groups:
Active components
Optical Service Channel (unidirectional or bidirectional) (Table 5-1 on

page 5-2)
Dual amplifier circuit pack (Table 5-2 on page 5-4)
Booster amplifier (Table 5-3 on page 5-6)
Passive components
DWDM couplers, C-Band, Grid 1 or Grid 2, Mux or Demux (Table 5-4 on

page 5-9)
Dispersion and Dispersion Slope Compensating Modules (DCM/DSCM)
(Table 5-5 on page 5-12)
Fiber optic attenuators (Table 5-6 on page 5-17 and Table 5-7 on page
5-19)
Provided within this chapter are functional descriptions of each optical

component, package options, and input/output interface specifications. The
specifications described are for reference only and are not to be used for any
other purpose.
With the exception of optical fixed pad attenuators, Nortel Networks makes all
the passive components described in this chapter and considers these
components as an integrable part of its network solution. Two key advantages
to purchasing these components from Nortel Networks is a total quality
guarantee for the manufacture of all its subcomponents, including those
provided by subcontractors, and access to the Nortel Networks end-of-life
(EOL) performance guarantee.
5-2 Optical layer components specifications

Table 5-1
Optical Service Channel (unidirectional or bidirectional)
OTP0836.eps
UniOSC
1510/1615 nm
OSC-1
OSC-2
151 OS
0 A C-1
dd
161
5D
rop
O
5 A SC-2
dd
151
0
161
1
2
O
0 A SC-1
dd
161
5
151
Dro
p
O
5 A SC-2
dd
151
0
161
Dro
Dro
continued
Optical layer components specifications 5-3

Functional description
Nortel Networks offers two types of OSC circuits packs: a bidirectional OSC and a unidirectional OSC.
This circuit pack is mandatory in all configurations and is supported in slots 1 (G0) and 6 (G5) of the
main shelf.
Use the UniOSC 1480/1510 nm or UniOSC 1510/1615 nm only in a unidirectional network. If there are
plans to migrate from a unidirectional network to a bidirectional network, then use the BiOSC 1480/1510
nm or BiOSC 1510/1615 nm circuit pack.
Hardware description
The OSC circuit pack is equipped with 2 trays named OSC-1 and OSC-2. OSC-1 contains connectors
to support optical service channel in Direction 1. OSC-2 contains connectors to support optical service
channel in Direction 2.
The faceplate includes four LEDs. A green LED identifies an active circuit pack. A red LED indicates a
failed circuit pack. Two yellow LEDs indicate a loss of signal (LOS) for OSC-1 and OSC-2.
The UniOSC 1480/1510 nm supports four ports, allowing OSC add/drop capabilities at both 1510 nm
and 1480 nm. The UniOSC 1510/1615 nm supports four ports, allowing OSC add/drop capabilities at
both 1615 nm and 1480 nm.
The faceplate shown in the figure on the previous page represents the UniOSC 1510/1615 nm. The
OSC port labeling is 1615 nm ADD, 1510 nm DROP, 1615 nm DROP and 1510 nm ADD.
The BiOSC 1480/1510 nm contains two ports: 1510 nm ADD/1480 nm DROP and
1480 nm ADD/1510 nm DROP. The BiOSC 1510/1615 nm contains two ports: 1615 nm ADD/1510 nm
DROP and 1510 nm ADD/1615 nm DROP.The bidirectional OSC circuit pack is the same as that shown
in the figure on page 5-2 except that the BiOSC only has two connectors instead of four. You can order
FC, ST, or SC type adapters to match the fiber plant connector types.
OAM&P features
The OSC circuit pack has the following features: remote provisioning and alarm reporting.
Options
Definition
PEC
UniOSC 1480/1510 nm
NTCA15AA/ NTCA15AB/ NTCA15AC
BiOSC 1480/1510 nm
NTCA15BA/ NTCA15BB/ NTCA15BC
UniOSC 1510/1615 nm
NTCA15AE/ NTCA15AF/ NTCA15AG
BiOSC 1510/1615 nm
NTCA15BE/ NTCA15BF/ NTCA15BG
Note: For more details, refer to the 1600G Amplifier Network Application Guide (NTY314AX).

Table 5-2
Dual amplifier circuit pack
OTP1402.eps
C-band Dual Amplifier
AMP
AMP
MO
N-1
UP
A-1
OU
T-1
IN-1
MO
N-2
1
2
MO
N-1
UP
A-2
OU
T-2
IN-2
MO
N-2
UP
A-1
UP
A-2
OU
T-1
OU
T-2
IN-
IN-
The Dual Amplifier is mandatory. Deploy the Dual Amplifier first in any amplifier configuration. The Dual
Amplifier provides amplification of up to +15.5 dBm. The first extension shelf houses this circuit pack in
slots 1 and 6.
OPTera Long Haul 1600 Release 3 introduces the Dual Amplifier to support amplification in the C-Band
only. A separate Dual Amplifier will be introduced to support transmission in the L-Band.
continued

Table 5-2
Dual amplifier circuit pack (continued)
The Dual Amplifier supports two amplifiers located in two different trays named Amp-1 and Amp-2. The
upgrade port UPA provides OSC drop capabilities. The Dual Amplifier has eight ports.
You can order FC, ST, or SC type adapters to match the fiber plant connector types.
The faceplate includes four LEDs. A green LED identifies an active circuit pack. A red LED indicates a
failed circuit pack. Two yellow LEDs indicate a loss of signal (LOS) for the following incoming signals:
traffic 1, and traffic 2.
OAM&P and control features
remote provisioning
total and per-channel optical power monitoring (analog maintenance 2)
optical link equalization software to optimize link performance
alarm reporting
optical reflectometer
channel autodiscovery
autopropagation of provisioned values
local locking of provisioned power values
gain control or total power control (with and without peak power clamping)
Options
Definition
PEC
Dual Amplifier C-Band
NTCA15CK/ NTCA15CL/ NTCA15CM
Specifications
Wavelengths (nm)
1530 to 1563
Output power (dBm)
15.5
Design flat gain (dB)
19.5 (see Note 1)
Gain control for minimal channel

interaction
yes
OADM support
yes (see Note 2)
Note 1: An additional 0.5 dB has been added to ensure enough gain to overcome amplifier connector
losses (assumed to be 0.25 dB per mated connector).
Note 2: OADM support when combined with a Booster Amplifier. Refer to Table 5-3 for Booster
Amplifier specifications.

Table 5-3
Booster amplifier
OTP1422.eps
C-Band Booster18 (or Booster21)
AMP
AMP
OU
T(B AMP
i:IN
)
IN
UP
UP
INT G
LV
P
AM
OS
U
UP PG
B
OU
T(B AMP
i:IN
)
Note: Install fixed

attenuation pad in
location indicated
if required.
INT
LV
MO
IN
continued
MO

Table 5-3
Booster amplifier (continued)
Nortel Networks offers two Booster amplifiers: Booster18 C-Band and Booster21 C-Band. Both
Boosters have the same faceplate.
Booster18 C-Band provides amplification of up to 18 dBm. Coupled with the Dual Amplifier, Booster18
can support up to 20 wavelengths (unidirectional) on each fiber on all fiber types. Coupled with the Dual
Amplifier, Booster18 can support up to 30 wavelengths (unidirectional) on each fiber on specific fiber
types. Extension shelf 1 houses this circuit pack in slots 2, 3, 7 and 8.
Booster21 C-Band provides amplification of up to 21 dBm. Coupled with the Dual Amplifier, Booster21
can support up to 40 wavelengths on each fiber on all fiber types. Extension shelf 1 houses this circuit
pack in slots 4, 5, 9 and 10.
Figure 2-2, Figure 2-3, Figure 2-4, and Figure 2-5 show the three configurations where the Dual
Amplifier is coupled with the Booster Amplifier. The application space for each configuration is based
on the OADM, DCM/DSCM, interleave filter (ILF), and wavelength count requirements.
The Booster Amplifier circuit packs have two different trays: one for traffic handling, the other for the
OSC add and the interleave access. Booster18 C-Band and Booster21 C-Band amplifiers have four
ports.
You can order FC, ST, or SC type adapters to match the fiber plant connector types.
The Booster faceplate includes four LEDs. A green LED identifies an active circuit pack. A red LED
indicates a failed circuit pack. Two yellow LEDs indicate a loss of signal (LOS). The AMP LED indicates
a LOS of the incoming signal while the OS LED indicates an LOS of the optical service coming through
upgrade port B (UPB).
OAM&P and control features
remote provisioning
total and per-channel optical power monitoring (analog maintenance 2)
optical link equalization software to optimize link performance
alarm reporting
optical reflectometer
autopropagation of provisioned values
local locking of power provisioned values
tilt control
gain control (with or without peak power clamping)
continued

Table 5-3
Booster amplifier (continued)
Options
Description
PEC
Booster18 C-Band Amplifier
NTCA15CN/ NTCA15CP/ NTCA15CQ
Booster21 C-Band Amplifier
NTCA15CR/ NTCA15CS/ NTCA15CT
Specifications
Booster18 amplifier
Booster21 amplifier
Output power (dBm)
18
21
Design flat gain (dB)
14.5 (see Note 1)
17.5 (see Note 1)
Amplification capacity
(Wavelengths/fiber)
30
40
Gain control for minimal channel yes

interaction
yes
OADM support
yes
yes
Tilt control
yes
yes
Note: An additional 0.5 dB has been added to ensure enough gain to overcome amplifier connector
losses (assumed to be 0.25 dB per mated connector).

Table 5-4
DWDM couplers, C-Band, Grid 1 or Grid 2, Mux or Demux
OTP1126.eps
C-Band 10+1 Mux Grid 1 Module 1

Upgrade A
Monitor
1546.92 1547.72 1548.51 1549.32 1550.12 1550.92 1551.72 1552.52 1553.33 1554.13 Spare 1546.12
From module 3 From module 2
Command In
Upgrade B
C-Band 10+1 Demux Grid 1 Module 1

Upgrade A
Spare 1546.12 1554.13 1553.33 1552.52 1551.72 1550.92 1550.12 1549.32 1548.51 1547.72 1546.92
To module 2 To module 3
Monitor
Command In
Upgrade B
Each Mux module can support up to 10 wavelengths. Module 1 (first module of the four interconnected
modules) includes a monitor port and spare wavelength port. The Mux modules are a mirror image of
the Demux modules. Use two patchcords (A and B) to interconnect the modules.
Each Demux module can support up to 10 wavelengths and contains a miniature variable attenuator
(mVOA) for each wavelength. Module 1 (first module of the four interconnected modules) includes a
monitor port and spare wavelength port. The Mux modules are a mirror image of the Demux modules.
Use two patchcords (A and B) to interconnect the modules
Options
Description
PEC
C-Band Grid 1 Mux Module 1
NTCA15NA (SC), NTCA15NK (FC), NTCA15NS (ST)
NTCA15NB (SC), NTCA15NL (FC), NTCA15NT (ST)
NTCA15NC (SC), NTCA15NM (FC), NTCA15NU (ST)
NTCA15ND (SC), NTCA15NN (FC), NTCA15NV (ST)
C-Band Grid 1 Demux Module 1
NTCA15MA (SC), NTCA15MK (FC), NTCA15MS (ST)
NTCA15MB (SC), NTCA15ML (FC), NTCA15MT (ST)
NTCA15MC (SC), NTCA15MM (FC), NTCA15MU (ST)
NTCA15MD (SC), NTCA15MN (FC), NTCA15MV (ST)

continued

Table 5-4
DWDM couplers, C-Band, Grid 1 or Grid 2, Mux or Demux (continued)
NTCA15NF (SC), NTCA15NE (FC), NTCA15NW (ST)
NTCA15NG (SC), NTCA15NP (FC), NTCA15NX (ST)
NTCA15NH (SC), NTCA15NQ (FC), NTCA15NY (ST)
NTCA15NJ (SC), NTCA15NR (FC), NTCA15NZ (ST)
NTCA15MF (SC), NTCA15ME (FC), NTCA15MW (ST)
NTCA15MG (SC), NTCA15MP (FC), NTCA15MX (ST)
NTCA15MH (SC), NTCA15MQ (FC), NTCA15MY (ST)
NTCA15MJ (SC), NTCA15MR (FC), NTCA15MZ (ST)
Specifications
Mux
Minimum
Demux
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
All ports
Optical Return Loss (ORL)
40 dB
40 dB
Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL)
0.6 dB
0.6 dB
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
0.4 ps
0.4 ps
Insertion Loss (Grid A or B) Module 1
5.6 dB
7.3 dB
3.5 dB
4.7 dB
4.5 dB
5.7 dB
3.5 dB
4.7 dB
Common - Channel Ports
Directivity (channel to channel)
55 dB
Chromatic Dispersion over passband
35 ps/nm
continued
55 dB
+35 ps/nm
35 ps/nm
+ 35 ps/nm

Table 5-4
DWDM couplers, C-Band, Grid 1 or Grid 2, Mux or Demux (continued)
Specifications continued
Common - Upgrade Ports
Mux
Minimum
Demux
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
Loss 1A Upgrade to 2A
6.3 dB
6.3 dB
Loss 1B Upgrade to 2B
5.9 dB
5.9 dB
5.9 dB
5.9 dB
5.5 dB
5.5 dB
1.9 dB
1.9 dB
1.9 dB
1.9 dB
Monitor Port Insertion Loss
24.0 dB
19.0 dB
Monitor Port Ripple
0.5 dB
0.5 dB
Monitor Port

Table 5-5
Dispersion and Dispersion Slope Compensating Modules (DCM/DSCM)
F4726-MOR_R80.eps and OTP1127.eps
Dispersion Compensating
Module (DCM)
Dispersion Slope Compensating

Module (DSCM)
Fiber out
Fiber in
Two types of dispersion compensation modules are used, namely the Dispersion Compensating Module
(DCM) and the Dispersion Slope Compensating Module (DSCM). Dispersion compensating modules
provide negative or positive dispersion in order to compensate the dispersion accumulated in a given
fiber type.
Each channel experiences a different amount of dispersion in the transmission fibre. The DCMs provide
an appropriate amount of compensation for a single channel. With the MOR Plus, the RED and BLUE
Erbium bands were narrow enough that the difference in dispersion experienced by each channel in a
given band was small. The Erbium gain window used by OPTera Long Haul 1600 are about 2.5 times
larger than MOR Plus and optimizing the dispersion compensation for only a single wavelength in the
band is not appropriate. DSCMs, specifically designed for the C-Band or L-Band, address this issue by
providing a wavelength dependent amount of dispersion compensation after a span of a given length.
continued

Table 5-5
Dispersion and Dispersion Slope Compensating Modules (DCM/DSCM) (continued)
The following DCMs are available:
1600 DCM 100P
1600 DCM 200P
1600 DCM 300P
The following DSCMs are available:

C-Band Type 1 DSCM-5
Options
Description
PEC
1600 DCM 100P (see Note 1)
NTCC14FD (SC), NTCC14FF (FC)
NTCC14GG (SC), NTCC14GJ (FC)
NTCC14GD (SC), NTCC14GF (FC)
NTCA14CN (ST), NTCA14DN (FC)
NTCA14AA (SC), NTCA14CA (ST), NTCA14DA (FC)
NTCA14AB (SC), NTCA14CB (ST), NTCA14DB (FC)
NTCA14AC (SC), NTCA14CC (ST), NTCA14DC (FC)
NTCA14AD (SC), NTCA14CD (ST), NTCA14DD (FC)
NTCA14AE (SC), NTCA14CE (ST), NTCA14DE (FC)
NTCA14AF (SC), NTCA14CF (ST), NTCA14DF (FC)
NTCA14AG (SC), NTCA14CG (ST), NTCA14DG (FC)
NTCA14AH (SC), NTCA14CH (ST), NTCA14DH (FC)
NTCA14AJ (SC), NTCA14CJ (ST), NTCA14DJ (FC)
NTCA14AK (SC), NTCA14CK (ST), NTCA14DK (FC)
NTCA14AL (SC), NTCA14CL (ST), NTCA14DL (FC)
NTCA14AM (SC), NTCA14CM (ST), NTCA14DM (FC)

continued

Table 5-5
Specifications
1600 DCM 100P
Insertion Loss (1527.5 to 1560.5 nm)
maximum: 2.3 dB
Average Polarization Mode Dispersion
maximum: 0.55 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 27 dB
1600 DCM 200P

Insertion Loss (1527.5 nm to 1560.5 nm)
maximum: 4.6 dB
maximum: 0.55 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 27 dB
1600 DCM 300P

Insertion Loss (1527.5 nm to 1560.5 nm)
maximum: 6.9 dB
maximum: 0.55 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 27 dB

Insertion Loss (1530 nm to 1567 nm)
maximum: 2.2 dB
maximum: 0.3 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB

maximum: 2.6 dB
maximum: 0.3 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB

maximum: 3.4 dB
maximum: 0.4 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB
continued

Table 5-5
maximum: 4.2 dB
maximum: 0.5 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB

maximum: 5.0 dB
maximum: 0.6 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB

maximum: 5.8 dB
maximum: 0.7 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB

maximum: 6.6 dB
maximum: 0.7 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB

maximum: 7.4 dB
maximum: 0.8 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB

maximum: 8.2 dB
maximum: 0.8 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB

maximum: 9.0 dB
maximum: 0.9 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB
continued

Table 5-5
maximum: 9.8 dB
maximum: 0.9 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB

maximum: 10.6 dB
maximum: 1.0 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB

maximum: 11.4 dB
maximum: 1.0 ps
Optical Return Loss
minimum: 45 dB
Note 1: 1600 DCM 100P compensates for approximately -100 ps/nm of dispersion
Fiber optic attenuators

Fixed attenuators
There are two different types of fixed attenuators used on Nortel Networks
DWDM systems. These fixed attenuators are made by third-party
manufacturers, such as JDS Fitel and AMP. One attenuator is the plug
(bulkhead) type, and the other is an in-line type.
Fixed attenuators are typically installed into optical fiber networks to reduce
the received power to the optimum operating level. Their small size allows for
easy insertion into Nortel Networks fiber management trays for each network
element. The advantage of using fixed attenuators in network applications are
their low cost and small size. These high performance fixed attenuators have
very low back reflection, very low optical ripple, and provide good optical
performance.
The technical specifications for 5 dB and 10 dB fixed attenuators are listed in
the tables below.
Note: If you intend to order these fixed attenuators from other vendors
rather than the ones recommended by Nortel Networks, ensure that the
technical specifications of those fixed attenuators follow Nortel Networks
strict guidelines listed in the tables below. Additionally, you should contact
your next level of support or Nortel Networks technical assistance.
Specifications
The following are the specifications for both plug-in and in-line attenuator
types.
Table 5-6
Specifications for plug-in attenuators
Characteristics
Manufacturer
JDS Fitel
AMP
5 dB (plug-in)
5 dB (plug-in)
FC
FC
5 dB 0.5 dB
5 dB 0.5 dB
< 50 dB
< 50 dB
FA100-35-05-HP5
PF98-0014-3
Connector type
SC
SC
Back reflection
< 50 dB
< 50 dB
Fixed attenuator type

Connector type
Attenuation range
Back reflection
Part number
continued

Table 5-6
Specifications for plug-in attenuators (continued)
Characteristics
Manufacturer
Connector type
JDS Fitel
AMP
N/A
ST
5 dB 0.5 dB
Attenuation range
Back reflection
< 45 dB
Part number
PF98-0014-5
10 dB (plug-in)
10 dB (plug-in)
FC
FC
10 dB 0.5 dB
10 dB 0.5 dB
< 50 dB
< 50 dB
FA100-35-10-HP5
PF98-0014-4
SC
SC
10 dB 0.5 dB
10 dB 0.5 dB
< 50 dB
< 50 dB
FA110-35-10-HP5
PF98-0014-2
N/A
ST
Connector type
Attenuation range
Back reflection
Part number
Connector type
Attenuation range
Back reflection
Part number
Connector type
10 dB 0.5 dB
Attenuation range
Back reflection
< 45 dB
Part number
PF98-0014-6
Note: N/A indicates not available.

end

Table 5-7
Specifications for in-line attenuators
Characteristics
Manufacturer
JDS Fitel

Connector type
Attenuation range
Pigtail length
Cable type
Part number
Connector type
Attenuation range
Pigtail length
Cable type
Part number
Connector type
Attenuation range
Pigtail length
Cable type
Part number
5 dB (in-line)
10 dB (in-line)
FC
FC
5 dB 0.5 dB
10 dB 0.5 dB
1.5 m (4.9 ft) 5%
1.5 m (4.9 ft) 5%
3.0 mm (0.12 in) cable
FA5B05-NT01
FA5B10-NT01
SC
SC
5 dB 0.5 dB
10 dB 0.5 dB
1.5 m (4.9 ft) 5%
1.5 m (4.9 ft) 5%
FA5B05-NT03
FA5B10-NT03
ST
ST
5 dB 0.5 dB
10 dB 0.5 dB
1.5 m (4.9 ft) 5%
1.5 m (4.9 ft) 5%
FA5B05-NT02
FA5B10-NT02
end
6-1
Appendix A:
Description of commercially available
optical fiber types
6Nortel Networks optical layer solutions with 1600G Amplifiers are currently
compatible with NDSF and TrueWave Classic fiber plant. Studies are
underway to extend Nortel Networks link budgets to include the latest
technology optical fiber such as dispersion managed fiber.
The following is a description of the major fiber types that are currently
commercially available:
NDSF
Commonly referred to as standard single-mode silica fiber, this fiber type is
also known as non-dispersion-shifted fiber (NDSF). The SMF-28, made by
Corning, is one of the most popular NDSF fibers deployed today. The main
disadvantage of NDSF is that it has an operating wavelength for zero
chromatic dispersion (called o) of 1310 nm. Transmission wavelengths used
with EDFA amplification systems (1550 nm window) undergo significant
chromatic dispersion and hence require dispersion compensation, particularly
at 10 Gbit/s rates (see page 7-4 for more information about chromatic
dispersion). Typical losses range from 0.21 to 0.25 dB/km.
DSF
To minimize chromatic dispersion at 1550 nm, a new fiber called
dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF) was introduced in the early 1980s. By changing
the index profile and reducing the core radius, fiber designers were able to
move o from the 1310 nm window to the 1550 nm window. While it is very
effective in reducing chromatic dispersion effects, the positioning of o in
close proximity to the operating wavelengths has resulted in susceptibility to a
nonlinear distortion effect called four wave mixing (FWM), particularly in
DWDM applications with more than eight wavelengths (see page 7-2 for more
details on FWM). Typical losses range from 0.25 to 0.30 dB/km.
6-2 Appendix A: Description of commercially available optical fiber types
NZ-DSF
To counteract the FWM limits of DSF, non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber
(NZ-DSF) has been developed. This fiber moves o to either end of the EDFA
spectrum thus ensuring that all the wavelength channels have slightly different
optical speeds in the fiber. Common brands are TrueWave Classic (o < 1530
nm), TrueWave Plus (o = 1497 nm), TrueWave RS (o < 1452 nm) by
Lucent, and SMF-LS (o > 1560 nm) by Corning. The advantage that these
fibers have over DSF is a slightly lower degree of integrated dispersion
compensation and a higher tolerance to nonlinear distortion effects.
and E-LEAF (LEAF
with reduced dispersion slope)
LEAF
Although the concentration of optical power in a fiber core is directly related
to higher susceptibility to nonlinear distortion effects, large effective area
fibers (LEAF) with o = 1513 nm, and E-LEAF with o = 1500 nm, are
being introduced to the market. They offer both effective integrated dispersion
compensation and a higher tolerance to nonlinear distortion as compared to
NZ-DSF. The latter benefit permits higher per channel optical launch powers
thus improving the span loss margin.
Note: The vintage of the LEAF fiber may impact performance. Consult
with Corning about the type of LEAF that is deployed.
7-1
Appendix B:
Overview of fiber-optic fundamentals 7Optical fiber is currently the best guided wave medium for long haul, high
speed, high channel density applications. However, some physical properties
of the fiber tend to generate effects that limit the reach of an optical link to less
than the loss limited achievable distance (the distance that can be covered
when only loss is taken into account in the link design). This section will
discuss the various impairments that can limit the distance * bandwidth (L * B)
product of a link. By using appropriate methods to counteract these
impairments, the reach of an optical link can be significantly increased.
Factors other than the fiber properties themselves affect the L * B product,
such as transmitter and receiver performance, coupler and filter characteristics
and amplifier performance (noise, gain profile...). This section will only
describe the fiber related limitations.
Effects in the optical fiber

Each data channel in a DWDM link is a train of pulses. Being finite in time,
each of these optical pulse is composed of a range of wavelengths distributed
around a central optical wavelength, which corresponds to the central
wavelength of a specific DWDM channel. The total signal in the fiber is then
the combination of all the DWDM optical channels multiplexed in the fiber.
While propagating in the fiber, each of the pulses will see their shape and
amplitude modified by various effects arising from the physical properties of
the fiber material. This section discusses these properties and explains their
effects on the optical pulse.
These effects are not necessarily occurring simultaneously with equal
importance in all optical links. Their strengths depend on many factors such as
the specific wavelengths multiplexed in the link, the number of wavelengths,
the fiber type (different dispersion, attenuation and nonlinear effect threshold),
the power in each optical channel and the length of the link.
7-2 Appendix B: Overview of fiber-optic fundamentals
The various effects can be grouped according to their action on the optical
pulses. It is useful to categorize them in two main categories: pulse energy
variations and pulse shape variations. Pulse energy variations are related to the
intensity change of the various wavelengths that form the pulse as it propagates
in the link. Pulse shape variations are related to the pulse distortion, which is a
modification of the pulse shape that can potentially affect its duration.
Fiber effects affecting the energy of an optical pulse
The pulse energy is affected by fiber loss and four nonlinear effects: stimulated
Brillouin scattering (SBS), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), four wave
mixing (FWM) and modulation instability (MI). The importance of the penalty
related to these effects depends on the power concentrated in the effective area
of the fiber (light intensity).
Fiber loss
Fiber loss results in a progressive attenuation of the optical pulse while it is

traveling in the fiber. For example, typical fiber loss at 1550 nm is between
0.21 and 0.25 dB/km for NDSF fiber. Fiber loss is also wavelength dependent.
Different DWDM channels undergo slightly different attenuation. Optical
amplifiers are used to extend the reach of an optical link by optically
amplifying the attenuated signal.
SBS and SRS
SBS and SRS are two nonlinear scattering effects that transfer energy from one
light wave to another light wave of longer wavelength. Therefore, the pulses of
optical channels with the shorter DWDM wavelength have their energy
transferred to longer wavelengths as they propagate through the fiber.
Both SBS and SRS effects become more important with increasing power in
the DWDM channels and increasing length of the optical link.
In the case of SBS, the energy transfer occurs in a narrow linewidth (for
example, around 20 MHz around 1550 nm). Therefore, with todays DWDM
links having 100 GHz of wavelength spacing, the energy transfer does not
create interaction between different DWDM channels. However, it does impact
the wavelength intensity within each DWDM channel. SBS will transfer part
of the energy contained in a DWDM channel propagating in one direction to
other wavelengths generated and propagating in the opposite direction. The
transmitted signals are attenuated as they travel through the fiber, adding a
power penalty.
The SBS-related penalty can be minimized by keeping the per-channel power
below the SBS threshold, which depends on the size of the fiber core and on
the transmitter linewidth. Because SBS is a narrowband effect, it is also
possible to dither the source to decrease the penalty. The frequency excursion
of the dither must be sufficient to increase the SBS threshold, but small enough
so that dispersion penalty is not seriously increased.
Appendix B: Overview of fiber-optic fundamentals 7-3
SRS is a broadband effect that transfers power from a shorter wavelength to a

longer wavelength. SRS couples energy in both the transmission direction and
the reverse direction. Coupling occurs when two optical pulses (two 1s) from
two DWDM channels overlap each other. However, the SRS threshold is
significantly higher than SBS, therefore this effect has an insignificant impact
on most of the applications described in this guide.
FWM
FWM mixing is another nonlinear effect where the optical power in some
wavelengths is transferred to other wavelengths. Due to the physical properties
of the fiber (in this case, nonlinear induced polarization in the fiber material),
the DWDM channels centered at optical frequencies 1, ..., n, interact to
create new optical waves at frequencies such as 2i - j and i + j - k. The
penalty resulting from this effect is bit rate independent and highly dependent
on the spacing between the DWDM channels and the dispersion in the fiber.
Like SRS, the impairment related to FWM increases when dispersion is lower
in the link. Very low dispersion leads to wavelengths traveling at identical
speeds, creating a phase matching condition which increases the interaction
between optical pulses. Therefore, FWM can be important in some NZ-DSF
and in DSF fiber because their zero dispersion wavelengths may fall very close
or right in the DWDM channels optical band. Decreasing the channel spacing
also results in more penalty because of FWM.
The generated signals with frequencies i + j - k cause the most problems.
They are likely to generate significant cross-talk in the optical link. Therefore,
the penalty arises not only from a loss of power in the DWDM optical
channels, but also from the cross-talk generated by the waves created when
their frequencies fall on or very close to the frequencies of the DWDM
channels.
Solutions to reduce FWM includes a careful selection of the DWDM channel
center frequencies to avoid equal spacing between them, which reduces the
cross-talk and hence the penalty related to FWM. Like other nonlinear effects,
limiting the per-channel power also reduces the FWM in the link.
MI
MI is a complex effect that occurs when the optical channels in the DWDM
system are seeing positive (or anomalous) dispersion. The interaction between
the nonlinear and the dispersive effects results in a frequency-dependent gain
for the ASE (noise generated by the optical amplifiers in the link). It is a single
channel effect in which the high channel power acts as a pump to provide gain
for the ASE. The amount by which the ASE noise gets amplified depends on
the channel power and the net downstream dispersion which is perceived.
Fiber effects affecting the shape of an optical pulse

These effects change the shape of the pulses, potentially increasing or
decreasing their time duration. Increased time duration can result in
intersymbol interference (ISI) when the pulse duration becomes longer than
the bit period, seriously impairing the performance of the system. Chromatic
dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) are two fiber properties
that change the pulse shape. Two nonlinear effects also change the pulse
duration: self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM or
CPM).
The resulting penalty is greater in 10 Gbit/s systems. The 2.5 Gbit/s channels
have a longer bit period (around 0.4 ns) compared to 0.1 ns for 10 Gbit/s
channels and have more margin before their performance is affected. As a
result, 10 Gbit/s links must be carefully designed with correct dispersion
compensation to avoid performance degradation.
Chromatic dispersion in DWDM systems

Two main dispersion phenomena are taken into account when designing
DWDM systems in single mode fibers: chromatic dispersion and PMD.
Chromatic dispersion is due to an inherent property of silica fiber. The speed
of a lightwave depends on the refractive index, n, of the medium within which
it is traversing. In silica fiber, as well as many other materials, n changes as a
function of wavelength. Thus, different wavelength channels travel at slightly
different speeds along the fiber. A wavelength pulse is composed of several
wavelength components or a spectra. Each of its spectral constituents travel at
slightly different speeds within the fiber. The result is a spreading of the
transmission pulse as it travels through the fiber; the slower energy
components tend to fall behind the primary energy group, the faster energy
components tend to lead the primary energy group.
Another property of silica fibers is that the difference of the speed at which two
wavelength channels travel varies with the wavelength range within which
they are situated. To understand this property better, note that all fibers have a
wavelength at which chromatic dispersion is practically zero. This wavelength
is called the fiber zero dispersion wavelength, or o (see Figure 7-1). Two
co-propagating wavelength channels that are in close proximity to o have a
smaller speed difference than two co-propagating wavelength channels, with
the same spacing, but located further from o. Therefore, a wavelength
channels position in relation to o must be considered to accurately assess the
degree of dispersion that affects the channel. Also, as shown in Figure 7-1,
transmitters with a center wavelength greater than o realize a positive (or
anomalous) dispersion. Transmitters with a center wavelength less than o
realize a negative (or normal) dispersion. A wavelength channel subjected to
positive dispersion sees its longer wavelength components travel more slowly
than its shorter counterparts, whereas a wavelength channel subjected to

negative dispersion will see its longer wavelength components travel faster
than its shorter counterparts.
Figure 7-1
Illustration of zero dispersion wavelength
F5930-MOR_R80.eps
Dispersion D
(ps/nm.km)
Transmitter
2<
Positive
(anomalous)
dispersion
2
Negative
(normal)
dispersion
1
Transmitter
1>
This last property is important, as a light pulse that has undergone a certain
amount of negative dispersion can essentially correct itself by travelling
through a medium that has an equivalent amount of positive dispersion. This
is the function that dispersion compensating modules perform in optical links;
they introduce, in-line, an opposite dispersion medium to that of the fiber.
Depending on the type of fiber and transmitter wavelengths used, the form of
dispersion will vary as follows:
Non Dispersion Shifted Fiber (NDSF)
NDSF fiber has a o around 1310 nm, thus the dispersion in the 1550 nm
wavelength window (C-Band) will always be positive.
Standard Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF)
Standard DSF fiber has a o anywhere between 1535 nm to 1565 nm, thus an
optical channel in the lower wavelength range of the C-Band will always see
negative dispersion, whereas an optical channel in the higher wavelength range
of the C-Band may see positive or negative dispersion.
SMF-LS
SMF-LS (commonly known as LS-DSF) fiber has a o > 1560 nm, thus
optical channels in the C-Band will always see negative dispersion.

Classic
TrueWave
TrueWaveTM Classic fiber has a o< 1530 nm, thus most optical channels in the
C-Band will generally see positive dispersion. The 1528 and 1530 nm
wavelengths may see negative dispersion.
RS
TrueWave
TrueWaveTM RS fiber has a o < 1452 nm, thus optical channels in the C-Band
will always see positive dispersion.
LEAF
LEAF fiber has a o < 1513 nm, thus optical channels in the C-Band will
always see positive dispersion.
E-LEAF
E-LEAF fiber has a o < 1500 nm, thus optical channels in the C-Band will
always see positive dispersion.
Chromatic dispersion compensation strategies
Several techniques can be used to counteract chromatic dispersion in an optical
link. They include:
Dispersion-shifted fiber
Fiber made today is available with o that have been shifted towards the EDFA
portion of the optical spectrum. For more information, consult the list of fibers
in this chapter.
DWDM transmitters or narrow-band wavelength transmitters
As a laser emits energy over a defined spectral band which is centered about
the primary wavelength of the laser, the transmission pulses will be subject to
chromatic dispersion. By narrowing the spectral content of the wavelength
signal, transmission pulses can be made more robust to dispersion. For this
reason, on long optical links, DWDM transmitters with externally modulated
narrow linewidth lasers are preferred over broadband transmitters.
Chirp
Chirp is a software-provisionable transmitter pre-compensation technique.

Chirp essentially pre-distorts the output signal pulse, acting on the spectral
content of the pulse so that it will experience compression instead of expansion
over a given distance of propagation. Chirp is defined as negative or positive,
in relation with the nature of dispersion in the fiber. Typically, chirp will be set
to the opposite of the dispersion in the fiber.
Dispersion and slope compensation modules (DCMs)
DCMs/DSCMs are used to provide dispersion correction in a DWDM link on

various types of fibers. Different DCM or DSCM modules can be used to
correct for positive or negative dispersion, depending on which fiber type is
being used for the link deployment.
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)

Another dispersion phenomenon that is taken into account when designing
DWDM systems in single mode fibers is PMD. PMD can affect higher data
rate systems such as 10 Gbit/s. It is an inherent property of fiber which results
from a nonideal fiber manufacturing process and from stresses on the fiber.
The dispersion of the optical pulse results from the different propagation
velocity of the two orthogonal modes of polarization that the light signal can
borrow as it travels along the fiber. The propagation delay between the two
modes, accumulated over the length of the fiber, is known as differential group
delay (DGD) and is measured in units of picoseconds [ps]. PMD is a statistical
phenomena and the DGD produced by PMD change randomly in time.
Therefore the mean value of DGD is used to characterize PMD. As a rule of
thumb, the mean DGD increases as the square root of the fiber length.
In a few cases, especially for old fiber, the signal distortion and performance
degradation must be compensated for by reducing the link budgets, provided
in this chapter, by the appropriate amount depending on the mean DGD in the
system.
Data provided by the fiber supplier can be used to obtain the mean link DGD.
However, it is preferable to measure the mean DGD directly using
commercially available test equipment.
Data provided by the fiber vendor is normally specified as a PMD coefficient
[ps/km]. To calculate the mean DGD for a link, use the following formula:
Mean link DGD= { [(PMD value/span) ps/km]2 x [(length of span) km]}1/2
= { (PMD value/span)2 x length of span}1/2

For example, in a 3-span system with span lengths of 80 km, 60 km, and 40 km
in which the PMD coefficients are 0.2 ps/km, 0.16 ps/km, and 0.13 ps/km
respectively, the mean link DGD = (0.22 x 80 + 0.162 x 60 + 0.132 x 40)1/2 =
2.33 ps.
Self-Phase Modulation (SPM) and Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM)

These two effects, like dispersion, alter the pulse shape and potentially
generate ISI. The penalty of these two effects highly depends on the
per-channel power, the dispersion in the fiber and the optical link length.
SPM occurs because the refractive index of the fiber depends on the
per-channel power. This change in refractive index will result in phase shifts
which are proportional to the intensity of the pulse. Because the pulse does not
have constant intensity throughout its duration, different parts of the pulse sees
a different phase shift, causing induced chirp.
SPM does not modify the pulse shape by itself. The pulse distortion occurs
when SPM arises in a dispersive medium. This induced chirp will either
increase the pulse broadening caused by dispersion, compress the pulse or
even result in amplitude modulation of the pulse, depending on the dispersion
characteristic of the fiber and on the level of SPM,.
For example, in NDSF fiber, the combination of SPM-induced chirp and
positive dispersion seen by all optical channels in the 1550 nm window results
in an initial compression of the pulse, followed by pulse broadening.
XPM causes similar pulse chirping as SPM. However, the chirp level is
increased by the interaction of pulses from the different DWDM channels in
the system. Two pulses overlapping in the fiber causes a local increase in
power, which changes the refractive index. As a result, the two pulses see
additional chirp increasing the effect generated by SPM.
In a dispersive medium, pulse distortion also increases. However, high local
dispersion can also decrease the effect of XPM because the probability of two
pulses overlapping with each other over a long distance is reduced. By
reducing the net dispersion experienced by the pulse, dispersion compensation
added downstream of the fiber also reduces the broadening effect caused by the
interaction between XPM and dispersion. The balance between all these
effects must be considered.
When designing DWDM links, you must consider the magnitude of dispersion
correction provided by the compensation modules as well as their placement
in the link.
Conclusion
Although dispersion must be reduced in a link to increase the reach of a
system, the compensation strategy must be carefully implemented to prevent a
significant increase in the penalty arising from nonlinear effects. This penalty
could seriously affect the link reach and system performance.
All the link engineering rules provided in this chapter were carefully
developed to optimize both reach and performance of a DWDM system by
taking into account the long list of impairments present in that kind of system.
Proper link design is even more important for 10 Gbit/s systems. 10 Gbit/s
systems must conform to both maximum average span loss and related
dispersion windows. When 10 Gbit/s channels are multiplexed in a DWDM
system, both span loss and total link length must be taken into account.
8-1
Appendix C:
1600G Amplifier power specifications 81600G EOL power mask specifications
The 1600G amplifier output power mask for the dual and booster amplifier
modules are shown in Table 8-1 and Table 8-2. These tables compare the input
power for the amplifier to the end-of-life (EOL) total output power. For
example, when the input power to the dual amplifier is -5 dBm, the output
power at end-of-life can be adjusted from 0 to +15.5 dBm.
Table 8-1
1600G C-Band Dual Amp EOL Power Mask Specifications
Total Input Power [dBm]
Total Dual Amp Output Power [dBm]
15.5
15.5
-5
15.5
-10
14.0
-16
12.8
-22
11.8
-25
8.8
8-2 Appendix C: 1600G Amplifier power specifications

Table 8-2
1600G C-Band Booster Amp EOL Power Mask Specifications
Total Input Power [dBm]
Total Booster18 Output Power

[dBm] at VCA = 0
Total Booster21 Output Power

[dBm] at VCA = 0
11
18.0
21.0
18.0
21.0
18.0
21.0
-1
18.0
21.0
-10
16.6
19.4
Optical power requirements

This section briefly describes the optical power requirements of the 1600G
Amplifier topologies. These power requirement figures are used when you
equalize the system following a system line-up and test (SLAT) procedure, or
after adding or removing optical channels.
Table 8-3 lists the total optical power requirements at the first in-service
amplifier (FISA) in an amplifier chain. The total input power of the first
in-service amplifier should fall within the range shown in Table 8-3. The power
provisioning rules provided in Chapter 3, Optical link engineering rules ensure
that the total input power falls within the range shown in Table 8-3. These
values are provided for reference only. If your input power is not within this
range, contact Nortel Networks.
Table 8-4 lists the required optical output at the receiver based on the fiber
type, number of spans, and the topology of your configuration. The optical
power of your receiver must fall within the range shown in Table 8-4.
For details about adjusting the total input power and optical power at the
receiver, refer to the 1600G Amplifier SLAT and Upgrade Procedures,
323-1801-226.
Appendix C: 1600G Amplifier power specifications 8-3

Table 8-3
Total input power required at the FISA
Fiber type Span
count
NDSF
1 to 6
ELEAF
TW+
Topology
Topology 2,
C-band,
unidirectional,
Dual Amp bypass
TWRS
TW c
1 to 6
LS
1 to 6
Topology 1,
C-band,
unidirectional,
no bypass
Topology 1,
C-band,
unidirectional,
no bypass
Number of
wavelengths
Required total input power [dBm]

PMaxSpec
PMinSpec
1 to 10
+11.0
-10.0
11 to 20
+11.0
-5.5
21 to 25
+11.0
-4.0
26 to 30
+11.0
-3.0
31 to 35
+11.0
-1.5
36 to 40
+11.0
+1.0
1 to 10
+3.0
-12.0
11 to 20
+4.0
-5.5
21 to 30
+3.0
-4.0
1 to 10
+3.0
-12.0
11 to 20
+3.0
-5.5
Table 8-4
Optical power required at the Rx
Fiber type
Span count
Topology
Number of
wavelengths
Rx power range
[dBm]
NDSF
1 to 6
Topology 2,
C-band,
unidirectional,
Dual Amp bypass
1 to 40
-6.0 to -11.5
TWc
1 to 6
Topology 1,
C-band,
unidirectional,
no bypass
1 to 30
-6.0 to -11.5
LS
1 to 6
Topology 1,
C-band,
unidirectional,
no bypass
1 to 20
-6.0 to -11.5
ELEAF
TW+
TWRS
8-4 Appendix C: 1600G Amplifier power specifications
9-1
Appendix D:
9-
Tap couplers provide access to optical signals for the purpose of power
measurement and monitoring. Although the current version of the C-band dual
amplifier has a built-in internal tap coupler, earlier versions did not. If you have
an earlier version of the C-band dual amplifier, you must use an external tap
coupler assembly to gain access to optical signals for monitoring.
First generation of the 1600G C-band amplifier cards

The first generation of C-band amplifier cards did not have a MON port to
allow monitoring. Nortel Networks is discontinuing these circuit packs. Table
9-1 lists the PEC codes of these discontinued circuit packs.
Table 9-1
Discontinued 1600G C-band amplifiers without MON port
Description
PEC
CPC
C-Band Dual Amplifier (SC)
NTCA15CA
A0781500
C-Band Dual Amplifier (ST)
NTCA15CB
A0806763
C-Band Dual Amplifier (FC)
NTCA15CC
A0806164
C-Band Booster18 Amplifier (SC)
NTCA15CE
A0784190
C-Band Booster18 Amplifier (ST)
NTCA15CF
A0806163
C-Band Booster18 Amplifier (FC)
NTCA15CG
A0806765
C-Band Booster21 Amplifier (SC)
NTCA15CH
A0784191
C-Band Booster21 Amplifier (ST)
NTCA15CI
A0806768
C-Band Booster21 Amplifier (FC)
NTCA15CJ
A0806161
Main function of the external tap couplers

The external tap coupler drop-in plate assembly includes four independently
terminated 2% couplers installed in the OPTera Long Haul 1600 fiber
management trays (FMTs). The assembly permits output power monitoring
9-2 Appendix D: External tap couplers
with existing dual amplifier and booster modules. This is achieved by

connecting one external tap coupler to the output port of an existing dual
amplifier and another coupler to the booster module. The external tap coupler
drop-in plate assembly is illustrated in Figure 9-1, External tap coupler drop-in
plate assembly.
Future releases of Nortel Networks OPTera Long Haul 1600 product line will
feature an in-skin optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) module. The external tap
couplers are inserted at the output of all 1600G amplifiers to access the system
signals to be monitored by the OSA.
Future releases of the Nortel Networks OPTera Long Haul 1600 product line
will use the tap coupler ports to increase the accuracy of amplifier output
power measurements. This will allow you to scale the capacity of the 1600G
amplifier above 40 wavelengths and into the L-band.
Figure 9-1
External tap coupler drop-in plate assembly
OTP1688p.eps
External Tap coupler Assembly
Fiber Management Tray
Figure 9-2 illustrates the functional blocks of the 1600G amplifiers with
external tap couplers.
Appendix D: External tap couplers 9-3

Figure 9-2
Functional block diagram
OTP1558t.eps
Dual Amp
Input 1
Tap 4
98%
Tap 2
2B 98%
2%
To OSA
1A
Tap 1
98%
1B
2%
To OSA
2%
To OSA
2A
Tap 3
98%
Dual Amp
Input 2
2%
To OSA
Optical specifications of external tap couplers

The optical specifications of the external tap coupler drop-in plate assembly
are shown in Table 9-2.
Table 9-2
Optical specifications of external tap couplers
Operating Wavelength Range
Minimum
Maximum
1480 nm
1615 nm
Insertion Loss 98% Port Input
0.8 dB (See Note 1)
Insertion Loss 2% Port Output
16 dB
Return Loss all ports
45 dB
Directivity all ports
55 dB
PDL
18 dB
0.1 dB
Optical layer functional building blocks with external tap couplers

For more information on the 1600G Amplifier building block components,
refer to Chapter 2, Optical layer building blocks. The external tap couplers are
used with these components to create the following two categories of
configurations:
Building blocks for standard configurations with external tap couplers

Building blocks for special configuration with external tap couplers
Building blocks for standard configurations with external tap couplers

This section provides specific descriptions of all amplifier sites with external
tap couplers used in unidirectional C-band applications of OPTera Long Haul
1600.
Figure 9-3 shows the Tx-end amplifier site, commonly called Term1.
Figure 9-4 also shows one amplifier group in the link. This amplifier group is
designated as the line amplifier site, commonly known as an LA site.
Figure 9-5 shows the Rx-end amplifier site, commonly called Term2.

Figure 9-3
OTP1632p.eps
MSA 1AB
Common
Tx Pad
Booster Amp
Mux
1A
Span
Pad
1B
Direction 1
Dual Amp
Direction 2
Demux
Booster Amp
2B
MSA
Pad
2A
MSA
Pad
MSA 2AB
- WDM Coupler
- EDFA
- Circulator
- Pad
- External Tap Coupler
OSC1
ADD
OSC1
Legend
OSC2
UniOSC
OSC1
DROP

Figure 9-4
LA site configuration
OTP1636p.eps
MSA 1AB
Dual Amp
Booster Amp
1A
1B
MSA
Pad
Booster Amp
Direction 2
2B
Span
Pad
Direction 1
Span
Pad
2A
MSA
Pad
MSA 2AB
Legend
- WDM Coupler
- EDFA
- Circulator
- Pad
OSC2
ADD
OSC1
ADD
OSC1
UniOSC
OSC2
OSC2
DROP
OSC1
DROP
Note: MSA is mid-stage access for the DCM/DSCM and/or the OADM filter

Figure 9-5
OTP1634p.eps
Booster Amp
1A
MSA
Pad
Booster Amp
2B
Span
Pad
Mux
Direction 2
1B
Direction 1
Demux
MSA 1AB
Dual Amp
2A
Common
Tx Pad
MSA
Pad
MSA 2AB
Legend
- WDM Coupler
- EDFA
- Circulator
- Pad
OSC1
Uni OSC
OSC2
OSC2
DROP
OSC2
ADD
Special configuration building blocks with external tap couplers

Figure 9-6 shows the special asymmetric configuration required at the Tx-end
terminal amplifier site used in some of the OPTera Long Haul 1600 C-Band
unidirectional applications with External Tap Couplers. The special link
engineering considerations require signals to bypass the dual amplifier in the
Tx direction at the head-end Tx site.
Figure 9-6
Term1 site special configuration (dual amplifier bypass)
OTP1638p.eps
Mux
Common
Tx Pad
Dual Amp
Booster Amp 1B
Span
Pad
1B
1A
Direction 1
Direction 2
Booster Amp 2B
Demux
2B
2A
MSA
Pad
MSA 2AB
UniOSC
OSC1
ADD
OSC1
- WDM Coupler
- EDFA
- Circulator
- Pad
OSC2
Legend
OSC1
DROP
Nortel Networks
OPTera Long Haul 1600

Optical Line System
1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications
Guide
Copyright 2000 Nortel Networks, All Rights Reserved.
The information contained herein is the property of Nortel Networks
and is strictly confidential. Except as expressly authorized in writing
by Nortel Networks, the holder shall keep all information contained
herein confidential, shall disclose it only to its employees with a
need to know, and shall protect it, in whole or in part, from
disclosure and dissemination to third parties with the same degree
of care it uses to protect its own confidential information, but with
no less than reasonable care. Except as expressly authorized in
writing by Nortel Networks, the holder is granted no rights to use
the information contained herein.
*Nortel Networks, the Nortel Networks logo, the Globemark, How
the World Shares Ideas, S/DMS TransportNode, OPTera, Preside,
and Unified Networks are trademarks of Nortel Networks.
TrueWave is a registered trademark of Lucent Technologies Inc.
LEAF is a registered trademark of Corning Incorporated.
SMF-LS and SMF-28 are trademarks of Corning Incorporated.
NTY315DX
Rel 3
October 2000
Printed in Canada and in the United Kingdom

FSC DCM 027c Pdf4

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

FSC DCM 027c Pdf4

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

NTY315DX

OPTera Long Haul 1600

Copyright 2000 Nortel Networks, All Rights Reserved.

Printed in Canada and in the United Kingdom

1600G Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

1600G Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

About this document

Chapter overview 1-1

Optical layer building blocks

Optical layer functional building blocks 2-1

Optical link engineering rules

1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

Application-independent optical link engineering rules

Tx chirp adjustment for dispersion compensation 4-1

Optical layer components specifications

Fiber optic attenuators 5-17

OPTera Long Haul 1600 NTY315DX Rel 3

1600G EOL Power Mask Specifications 8-1

First generation of the 1600G C-band amplifier cards 9-1

1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

OPTera Long Haul 1600 NTY315DX Rel 3

About this document

1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

x About this document

Appendix B: Overview of fiber-optic fundamentals

The OPTera Long Haul 1600 Amplifier Library

OPTera Long Haul 1600 NTY315DX Rel 3

About this document xi

OPTera Long Haul 1600 Optical Line System

1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

xii About this document

OPTera Long Haul 1600 NTY315DX Rel 3

Describing and understanding optical networks

1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

A functional building block is associated with a specific geographic site. An

OPTera Long Haul 1600 NTY315DX Rel 3

Optical terminating site

OPTera Long Haul 1600 technologies for optical layer solutions

1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

Each channel experiences a different amount of dispersion in the transmission

OPTera Long Haul 1600 NTY315DX Rel 3

Optical layer building blocks

Optical layer functional building blocks

1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

2-2 Optical layer building blocks

OPTera Long Haul 1600 NTY315DX Rel 3

Optical layer building blocks 2-3

Standard configurations building blocks

Note: MSA is mid-stage access for the DCM/DSCM

1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

2-4 Optical layer building blocks

OPTera Long Haul 1600 NTY315DX Rel 3

Optical layer building blocks 2-5

Note: MSA is mid-stage access for the DCM/DSCM

1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

2-6 Optical layer building blocks

Special configuration building blocks

Note: MSA is mid-stage access for the DCM/DSCM

1600G amplifier group description

OPTera Long Haul 1600 NTY315DX Rel 3

Optical layer building blocks 2-7

1600G Amplifier Optical Layer Applications Guide NTY315DX Rel 3

2-8 Optical layer building blocks