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Metabolism
Energy Metabolism
glucose
From fats glycerol & FA
From proteins AA
From CHO
Glucose: 6 C
Glycerol: 3 C
FA: even number of C (commonly 16 or 18)
AA: 2, 3 or more C, with N attached
Glucose splitting
6-C Glucose two 3-C compounds Pyruvate
Glucose
anaerobic
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
anaerobic
Pyruvate
Lactate
Acetyl CoA
Absence of sufficient
O2 (or mitochondria)
pyruvate is converted
to lactic acid
Lactate recycled to
glucose in liver by Cori
cycle
Glucose
Glycerol
Pyruvate
ORGANISM
Biosynthesis
Ingested
protein
Protein
3
a
AMINO
ACIDS
Purines
Pyrimidines
Porphyrins
Degradation
(required)
Carbon
skeletons
Nitrogen
(ketogenic)
Urea
acetoacetate
acetyl CoA
(glucogenic)
Used for
energy
pyruvate
-ketoglutarate
succinyl-CoA
fumarate
oxaloacetate
NITROGEN BALANCE
Nitrogen balance = nitrogen ingested - nitrogen excreted
(primarily as protein) (primarily as urea)
Nitrogen balance = 0 (nitrogen equilibrium)
protein synthesis = protein degradation
Positive nitrogen balance
protein synthesis > protein degradation
Negative nitrogen balance
Amino Acids
Deamination results in two products:
Keto acid
Ammonia
UREA CYCLE
mitochondria
cytosol
In Summary
FastingInadequate Energy
Glucose needed for the brain
Protein meets glucose needs
The shift to ketosis
FastingInadequate Energy
Symptoms of starvation
Muscle wasting
Decreased heart rate, respiratory rate, metabolic rate,
and body temperature
Impaired vision
Organ failure
Decreased immunity
Depression, anxiety, and food-related dreams
Buatlah resume:
1. Diagram metabolisme protein dan berikan penjelasannya
2. Diagram metabolisme karbohidrat (glikolisis) dan berikan
penjelasannya