UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL

FRANCISCO DE MIRANDA
DEPARTAMENTO DE IDIOMAS
REA CS. DE LA SALUD
U.C. INGLS I
PROGRAMA: MEDICINA TRADICIONAL
PROF. AUDREY GUIGAN

CATEGORAS GRAMATICALES
PARTE I-B
SANTA ANA DE CORO, ENERO DE 2016

Verb To Be
Am
Is

AUXILIARY

I
SHE
HE
IT

YOU
Are WE
THEY
YOU

Present

Was

I
SHE
HE
IT

YOU
Were WE
THEY
YOU

Past

Does

SHE
HE
IT
Did

Do

I
YOU
WE
THEY
YOU

Present

SHE
HE
IT
I
YOU
WE
THEY
YOU

Past

Structure

Present Simple using verb TO BE

Affirmative: Subject + Verb TO BE + Complement

Example: Mary is a nurse.
Negative: Subject + Verb TO BE + Not +
Complement
Example: Mary is not a nurse.
isn`t
Question: Verb TO BE + Subject + Complement +?
Example: Is Mary a nurse?

Negative Question: Verb TO BE + not+ Subject +

Complement +?
Example: Isn`t Mary a nurse?

Example: Peter and Daniel are

doctors.

Example: They are not doctors.

aren`t

Example: Are they doctors?

Example: Aren`t they doctors?

Structure

Present Simple

Affirmative: Subject + Verb (infinitive)+

Complement
Example: Ann studies medicine.

Example: Paul and Jose work

in the Coro`s hospital.

Negative: Subject + Auxiliary + Not +Verb +

Complement
Example: She does not study medicine.
doesn`t
Question: Auxiliary+ Subject + Verb + Complement
+?

Example: They do not/ don`t

work in the Coro`s hospital.

Example: Do they work in the

Coro`s hospital?

Example: Does Mary study medicine?

Negative Question: Auxiliary+ not+ Subject + Verb
+ Complement +?
Example: Doesn`t She study medicine?

Example: Don`t they work in

the Coro`s hospital?

Structure

Past Simple using verb TO BE

Affirmative: Subject + Verb TO BE + Complement

Example: Mary was a nurse.
Negative: Subject + Verb TO BE + Not +
Complement
Example: Mary was not a nurse.
wasn`t
Question: Verb TO BE + Subject + Complement +?
Example: Was Mary a nurse?

Negative Question: Verb TO BE + not+ Subject +

Complement +?
Example: Wasn`t Mary a nurse?

Example: Peter and Daniel were

doctors.

Example: They were not doctors.

weren`t

Example: Were they doctors?

Example: Weren`t they doctors?

Structure

Past Simple

Affirmative: Subject + Verb +Complement

Example: Ann studied medicine.
Negative: Subject + Auxiliary + Not +Verb
(infinitive) + Complement
Example: She did not study medicine.
didn`t
Question: Auxiliary+ Subject + Verb (infinitive) +
Complement +?
Example: Did Mary study medicine?
Negative Question: Auxiliary+ not+ Subject + Verb
(infinitive) + Complement +?
Example: Didn`t She study medicine?

Example: Paul and Jose

worked in the Coro`s hospital.

Example: They did not/ didn`t

work in the Coro`s hospital.

Example: Did they work in the

Coro`s hospital?
Example: Didn`t they work in
the Coro`s hospital?

Present Continuous
The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the
moment of speaking.
Use:
Present actions: He is eating a dinner.
Temporary actions: I'm riding a bike to get to work because my car is broken. Temporary Action (His
car will soon be repaired)

Longer actions in progress: Mike is studying hard to become a doctor.

Future (personal) arrangements and plans: He's flying to Rome in September.
Tendencies and trends: The Internet is becoming less of a novelty.
Irritation: My boss is contantly critising me!

Present Continuous
Structure

Add the "ing" suffix to the

Affirmative: Subject + Verb To Be + Verb

(continuous form) + Complement

verb (to form the present

Example: They are swimming in the sea.

Negative: Subject + Verb To Be + not + Verb

(continuous form) + Complement
Example: They are not swimming in the sea.
aren`t
Question: Verb To Be + Subject + Verb
(continuous form) + Complement + ?

Example: Are they swimming in the sea.

participle of the verb).

Examples:
o

try + ing = trying

go + ing = going

Contracted forms

I + am = I'm

is + not = isn't

are + not = aren't

he + is = he's

she + is = she's

it + is= it's

Past Continuous
We usually use the Past Continuous to talk about activities that lasted for some time in the
past. The actions can be interrupted by something or can be happening at the same time.

Use:
Duration in the past: I was watching TV yesterday in the evening.
Interrupted actions in progress: Sentence in past continuous + when + sentence in past simple
Ex:I was singing when my sister came home
When/While + Sentence in past continuous + sentence in past simple
Ex: While Angelica was playing tennis, the plane crashed.
When Bob was painting windows, it started raining.

Actions in progress at the same time in the past: Sentence

in past continuous + when/while + Sentence in past
continuous
Ex: I was singing when/while She was cooking.
When/while + in past continuous + Sentence in past
continuous
Ex: When Bob was painting windows, Mary was
working in the kitchen.
Irritation: She was always coming late for dinner!
Polite question: I was thinking you might help me with this
problem.

Past Continuous
Structure

Affirmative: Subject + Verb To Be (in past) + Verb

(continuous form) + Complement
Example: They were swimming in the sea.
Negative: Subject + Verb To Be (in past) + not
+ Verb (continuous form) + Complement
Example: They were not swimming in the sea.
weren`t
Question: Verb To Be (in past) + Subject + Verb
(continuous form) + Complement + ?

Example: Were they swimming in the sea?

Present Perfect
Structure

Affirmative: Subject + HAS/HAVE + Verb (past

participle form)
Example: I have bought new shades.
Negative: Subject + HAS/HAVE + Not + Verb
(past participle form)
Example: I have not bought new shades.
Question: HAS/HAVE + Subject + Verb (past
participle form) + ?
Example: Have I bought new shades?

Example:
He's studying to become lawyer one day.
Has anyone taken my bag?
He hasn't taken any drug for two years

Actions which happened at an indefinite (unknown) time before now: Use the Present Perfect to
talk about actions that happened at some point in the past. It does not matter when exactly they
happened.
Ex: He has been to England.
Actions in the past which have an effect on the present moment: We also use this tense when an
activity has an effect on the present moment.
Ex: I have already eaten the dinner. (so I'm not hungry)
Actions which began in the past and continue in the present: We often use the Present
Perfect when we want to emphasize that an event continues in the present.

Ex: Mary has worked as a teacher for over 25 years

Past Perfect
Structure

Affirmative: Subject + HAD + Verb (past participle

form)
Example: She had eaten the dinner before she
went to the cinema.
Negative: Subject + HAD + Not + Verb (past
participle form)
Example: She had not eaten the dinner before she
went to the cinema.
Question: HAD + Subject + Verb (past participle
form) + ?
Example: Had she eaten the dinner before she
went to the cinema?

Structure

Present Perfect Continuous

Affirmative: Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb

(continuous form)

Example: Tom Has been walking the dog.

Negative: Subject + HAS/HAVE + NOT +BEEN + Verb
(continuous form)
Example: Tom Has`nt been walking the dog.
Question: HAS/HAVE + Subject + BEEN + Verb
(continuous form) + ?
Example: Has Tom been walking the dog?

Past Perfect Continuous

Structure

Affirmative: Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb

(continuous form)

Example: Mary had been waiting for longer than

10 minutes.
Negative: Subject + HAD + NOT +BEEN + Verb
(continuous form)
Example: Mary hadn't been waiting for longer than
10 minutes.
Question: HAD + Subject + BEEN + Verb
(continuous form) + ?
Had Mary been waiting for longer than 10 minutes?

Future simple
Contracted forms

Structure

Affirmative: Subject + WILL + Verb (INFINITIVE)

WILL = 'LL

Example: I will visit my grandma at hospital.

She'll dance = she will dance

WILL + NOT = WON'T

She won't dance = she will not
dance

Negative: Subject
(INFINITIVE)

WILL

not

Verb

Example: I will not visit my grandma at hospital.

won`t
Question: WILL + Subject + Verb (INFINITIVE)
+?
Will you visit your grandma at hospital?