Answers to the Socrative Quiz on Handout 3

Q1. Under a given operation (such as additon or

multiplication), a number that leaves others unchanged is
called the...
A: identity
Q2. Under a given operation, a number that returns another
number to the identity is called the...
B: inverse
Q3.The additive identity is...
A: 0
The additive identity is equal to 0, because 0 added to any number
doesn't change anything. a+0=a.
Q4. The multiplicative identity is...
C: 1
The multiplicative identity is equal to 1, because multiplying a
number by 1 doesn't change anything. a x 1 = a.
Q5. The additive inverse of 4 is
D: -4
The additive inverse of 4 is -4, because adding it to 4 returns you to
the additive identity, which is 0. In other words, 4 + (-4) = 0.
Q6. There are TWO ways of writing the multiplicative inverse
of 7. They are...
A: 7^-1
D: 1/7
The multiplicative inverse of 7 is 7-1. This can also be written as the
fraction 1/7. Either of these multiplied by 7 will return you to the
multiplicative inverse, 1.
Q7. Reduce 16 modulo 3
B: 1 mod 3
To reduce something modulo 3, we can ask what the remainder is
when we divide 16 by 3.
16 = 3 x 5 remainder 1.
And so 16 = 1 mod 3.
Alternatively, we can subtract lots of 3 until we reach a number
between 0, 1 and 2.
16-3=13, 13-3=10, 10-3=7, 7-3=4, 4-3=1.

And do 16 = 1 mod 3.
Q8. Reduce -11 modulo 7
B: 3 mod 7
Add on lots of 7 to -11 until you reach a number in the range 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6.
-11+7=-4.
-4+7=3.
Therefore -11=3 mod 7.
Q9. Compute 12 x 11 mod 5
D: 2 mod 5
Compute 12 x 11 = 132 mod 5. 132 is not in our range of 0, 1, 2, 3,
4, so this must be reduced. When we divide 132 by 5, the remainder
is 2, and so
12 x 11 = 2 mod 5.
Alternatively, we can reduce 12 and 11 mod 5 before we compute
the multiplication.
12 = 2 mod 5
11 = 1 mod 5
Therefore, 12 x 11 mod 5 is equivalent to computing 2 x 1 mod 5,
which is equal to 2.
Therefore, 12 x 11 = 2 x 1 mod 5 = 2 mod 5.
Q10. What is the additive inverse of 5 modulo 9? (In other
words, what do we need to add on to 5 modulo 9 to get the
identity, 0?)
A: 4
First, we must note that the additive identity modulo 9 is 0.
Therefore we need to ask what number we add on to 5 to give us 0
mod 9. Note that 9 = 0 mod 9, and so this is the same as asking
what number we need to add on to 5 to give us 9. We must add 4.
Therefore the additive inverse of 5 modulo 9 is 4.
Alternatively, we could say that the additive inverse of 5 is -5. We
can then reduce -5 mod 9 to find that -5=4 mod 9.
Therefore the correct answer is 4.
Q11. What is the additive inverse of 3 mod 13?
C: 10

First, we must note that the additive identity modulo 12 is equal to

0. Therefore we need to ask what number we add on to 3 to give us
0 mod 12. Note that 13 = 0 mod 13, and so this is the same as
asking what number we need to ad on to 3 to give us 13. We must
add on 10. Therefore the additive inverse of 3 modulo 13 is 10.
Alternatively, we could say that the additive inverse of 3 is -3. We
can then reduce -3 mod 13 to find that -3=10 mod 13.
Therefore the answer is 10.
Q12. The multiplicative inverse of 4 mod 9 is...
D: 7
Firstly, we can check if 4 and 9 are coprime: this means they have
no common factors. As they are coprime (the factors of 4 are 1, 2
and 4 and the factors of 9 are 1, 3 and 9), the inverse of 4 mod 9
exists.
The multiplicative identity is 1. You need a find a number to multiply
by 4 that gives you 1 mod 9. Try all possible values mod 9: 0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
4x0=0
4x1=4
4x2=8
4 x 3 = 12 = 3 mod 9
4 x 4 = 16 = 7 mod 9
4 x 5 = 20 = 2 mod 9
4 x 6 = 24 = 6 mod 9
4 x 7 = 28 = 1 mod 9
Therefore we have found that 4 x 7 = 1 mod 9, which is the identity.
And so the inverse of 4 mod 9 is equal to 7.