(Rovers)

(Curosity)

1971 (Mars-3)

1971

(Mars-3)

20

1976

(Terra Sirenum)

158 45

90

(Mars-6)

2
1974

1973

1979

(Mars-6)

1997

( M a r g a t i f i e r

Sinus)

1974 (Mars-7)

800

1976 (Viking-1)

(NASA)

(Landers) (Oribtters)

biological)
20
(Including three

(Chryse Planitia)

(Ares Vallis Flood

Plain)

1980

1982 13

1976(Viking-II)

6
1996(Mars-96) 96

(Orbiter)
96-

22

1999(Mars Polar Lander)

(Utopia-Planitia)

1999

600

10''

48

1996 (Mars Path Finder)

 (Transmission)

2004(Spirit)

11

2004

2003(Beagle-II)

33

( C o l i n

Pilinger)

(Mars Exploration)

(Gusev Crater)

(Solar Panel)

1830 (Charles Darwin)

90

2 0 0 6

2009

7.7

1999 (Deep Space-II)

400

(European Space Agency)

(Mars

Express mission)

(Odysey)

10

12
2004 (Opportunity)

10


2003

2004

(Meiridiani Planum)

(Endeavour)

2008 (Phoenics)

2011 13

21.5

180

(Athena)

(Curiosity)

2011-12

2008 4

400

11

(He mat i t e )

(Iron-oxide)

( B l u e b e r i e s )

13

 11

2011 26

2012 8

(Hottah)

(Gale)

(Live)

75

12

5,900

2,100