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Comparatives are used to compare two things. You can use sentences with than,
or you can use a conjunction like but.
Superlatives
Comparatives are used to compare two things. You can use sentences with than,
or you can use a conjunction like but.
Adjective form
Comparative
Superlative
Double the
consonant, and
add -est: hottest,
biggest, fattest
Change y to i, then
add -er: happier,
sillier, lonelier
Change y to i, then
add -est: happiest,
silliest, loneliest
Comparatives are used to compare two things. You can use sentences with than,
or you can use a conjunction like but.
not ending in Y.
Examples: modern,
interesting, beautiful
Los tag questions son pequeas frases o preguntas (mini-questions) que se colocan al
final de una oracin afirmativa o negativa y que generalmente tienen como objetivo
confirmar o negar el contenido de la frase misma. Es el equivalente al verdad?
espaol o al no? ms utilizado en pases de Amrica.
2.
3.
CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en AFIRMATIVO o POSITIVO: am I? are you? is
he? is she? is it? are we? are you? are they? Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos:
I'm not late, am I? (No llego tarde, no?)
It isn't a beautiful day, is it? (No es un da hermoso, verdad?)
Martha isn't angry, is she? (Marta no est enojada, no?)
You aren't really tired, are you? (No ests muy cansado, verdad?)
They aren't very nice people, are they? (No son personas muy agradables, no?)
You aren't coming tomorrow, are you? (No vas a venir maana, no?)
Pedro isn't flying now, is he? (Pedro no est volando en estos momentos, no?)
ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PAST SIMPLE O CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en NEGATIVO: wasn't I? weren't you? wasn't
he? wasn't she? wasn't it? weren't we? weren't you? weren't they? Aqu tienes
algunos ejemplos:
It was a beautiful day, wasn't it? (Fue un da hermoso, verdad?)
Martha was angry, wasn't she? (Marta estaba enojada, no?)
You were really tired, weren't you? (Estabas muy cansado, verdad?)
You were studying at 6, weren't you? (Estuviste estudiando a las 6, no?)
He was flying when I phoned, wasn't he? (Estaba volando cuando llam, no?)
You went to Costa Rica in 1990, didn't you? (Fuiste a Costa Rica en 1990, no?)
Elena has traveled a lot, hasn't she? (Elena ha viajado mucho, no?)
Ann will be here soon, won't she? (Ana estar pronto aqu, verdad?)
Tom should pass his exam, shouldn't he? (Tom debera aprobar su examen, no?)
You can play the violin, can't you? (Sabes tocar el violn, no?)
He could find a job, couldn't he? (Pudo encontrar trabajo, verdad?)
STRUCTURE
If
Simple Past
Modal
Base Verb
Examples:
USES
Unreal situations in the present
Imagined events
Questions
Here are some examples of questions using the 2nd
conditional:
Might
If he had known about the party, he might have
gone.
Would
If I had known about the party, I would have gone.
USES
Imaginary situations in the past
Example:
Questions
Form (Forma)
Para formar el futuro continuo se utilizan los verbos auxiliares "will" y "to be" y el gerundio
(infinitivo + "-ing") del verbo principal o se puede utilizar el verbo auxiliar "to be" y "going to
be".
Sujeto
Auxiliares
Gerundio
will be / am going to be
He, She, It
will be / is going to be
Structure (Estructura)
1.
Estructura 2
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "going to be" + gerundio...
Modal verbs
1. May, might and could are used to talk about possibility. Might is
normally less sure than
may and could is even less sure than might and may.
'Who's at the door?' 'It may/might/could be my mother.' (Perhaps it's my
mother.)
2. Must is used to talk about deductions, that is, when we're sure about
something.
It's very cold today and you're not wearing a coat. You must be very
cold! (I'm sure you're cold.)
3. Can't is used as the negative form of must in this meaning to say that
something is
impossible.
My parents can't be asleep. Look! There's a light on in their
bedroom. (It's impossible.)
Forms
1. We use may, might and could followed by the infinitive without to of
another verb.
We can also use may/might/could + be+ ...-ing. The negative
forms may not andmight not (mightn't) can be used with this
meaning of possibility. However, we cannot use could not with this
meaning.
She's so beautiful. She may/might/could be a top model.
Peter has a difficult test today. He may be studying hard.
2. We use must followed by the infinitive without to of another verb
or must+ be+ ...-ing.
To form the negative, we use can't (not mustn't).
Peter travels abroad every year. They must have a good salary.
You've been studying all day. You must be feeling very tired.
3. We use can't followed by the
infinitive without to of another verb or can't+ be+ ...-ing.
Your aunt Mary is so impatient. She can't be a teacher.
I haven't seen anybody for a long time. They can't be living there
anymore.
Past perfect
Form (Forma)
Como el presente perfecto, se forma el pasado perfecto con el verbo auxiliar "to have" y el
participio pasado. Claro que el verbo auxiliar es en el pasado.
Subject
had
Past Participle
Note: Ten cuidado: La contraccin "-'d" tambin se utiliza con el verbo modal "would" para
formar el condicional. Como tal, la forma corta "I'd" puede tener dos significados diferentes.
Podemos distinguir entre estos dos significados por la forma del verbo principal que les sigue. Si
queremos decir "I'd" en el sentido de pasado perfecto, el verbo principal est en la forma de
participio pasado, mientras que con el condicional, "I'd" es seguido por el verbo en el infinitivo.
Para ms informacin, ver la leccin sobre las frases condicionales.
Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
1 Estructura
Sujeto + "had" + participio pasado...
NEXT TO (BESIDE)
Significado: al lado de, junto a
Uso: Tanto "next to" como "beside" se pueden utilizar indistintamente. Utilizar una forma u
otra depender del hablante y del contexto.
Ejemplos:
Play
The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank. (El supermercado est junto al banco.)
Play
Sit next to (beside) me. (Sintate a mi lado.)
BY
Significado: cerca, al lado de, junto a
Uso: Se puede utilizar en los mismos contextos que "next to" pero el significado de "by" es
ms como "cerca" en castellano.
Ejemplos:
Play
Ejemplos:
Play
The shop is between the bank and the train station. (La tienda est entre el banco y la estacin de
tren.)
Play
She is standing between Peter and John. (Permanece de pie entre Pedro y Juan.)
BEHIND
Significado: detrs de
Ejemplos:
Play
The church is behind the school. (La iglesia est detrs de la escuela.)
Play
He is standing behind you. (Est de pie detrs de ti.)
IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITE
Significado: contrario, en frente de, opuesto, delante de
Usos: La diferencia entre estas preposiciones la notamos cuando estamos hablando de
personas, "in front of" no implica estar delante y cara a cara, en cambio "opposite" significa
delante y cara a cara.
Ejemplos:
Play
The hotel is in front of the station. (El hotel est en frente de la estacin.)
Play
The bank is opposite the market. (El banco est delante del mercado.)
Play
Laura is standing in front of you. (Laura est de pie delante de ti.)
Play
She is sitting opposite me. ( Se est sentando en frente mo.)
UNDER
Significado: debajo de
Ejemplos:
Play
The ball is under the chair. (La pelota est debajo de la silla.)
Play
The dog is under the tree. (El perro est debajo del rbol.)
ABOVE
o Play
The clock is above the table. (El reloj est por encima de la mesa.)
Nota: La traduccin literal puede llevar a confusin cuando la traducimos al castellano, ya que
en castellano diramos: "el reloj est colgado en la pared." Si quisiramos especificar diramos:
"y por debajo en la misma pared est apoyada la mesa."
BELOW
Significado: por debajo sin tocar
Ejemplo:
o Play
The table is below the clock. (La mesa est por debajo del reloj.)
Nota: Como en el caso anterior, la traduccin literal de "below" puede llevar a confusin. En
este caso diramos que la mesa est apoyada en la misma pared en la que se encuentra el reloj
colgado un poco ms arriba.
he / she / it
Negative
I have not been speaking.
Question
Have I been speaking?
He has been speaking. He has not been speaking. Has he been speaking?
a) Past Simple
- Accin que se desarroll y finaliz en el pasado, sin que se de ninguna
informacin sobre cual ha sido su repercusin en el tiempo presente.
When I was young I played tennis (no nos da ninguna infomacin sobre si en la
actualidad sigo jugando al tenis o no)
- Accin que se desarroll y complet en un periodo de tiempo ya finalizado.
This morning I had a very tense meeting with my boss (ya es por la tarde, la
maana ha finalizado)
Examples
Active
Peter
builds
a house.
Simple Present
Passive:
A house
is built
by Peter.
Active:
Peter
built
a house.
Simple Past
Passive:
A house
was built
by Peter.
Active:
Peter
has built
a house.
Present Perfect
Passive:
A house
by Peter.
Active:
Peter
will build
a house.
will-future
Passive:
A house
will be built
by Peter.