Arguments:

Arguments is the main statement that given as statement. An argument

have many categories included.
Which are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Promise
Conclusion.
Background information
Counter point
Core

<b> 1. promise </b>

Promise is a information used by author to support claim or conclusion.
This may be a fact or opinion.
Common phrases include: because of, since, due to, etc.
Example:
On the basis of the Big Bang theory scientists predicted levels of Helium-3 in the universe that
are ten times greater than the levels actually observed. <b>According to the original model,
Helium-3 is produced when low-mass stars burn up hydrogen and become red giants, as well as
being produced in the Big Bang itself. </b> Researchers have now produced a new model in which
the Helium-3 produced by a red giant is pushed to the stars interior and burnt up. Hence the Big
Bang theory is no longer undermined by Helium-3 data.

Above argument bold statement support claim.

<b> 2. Conclusion </b>

The primary claim the author is trying to prove supported by promise.
Common phrases: therefore, thus, so, consequently etc

On the basis of the Big Bang theory scientists predicted levels of Helium-3 in the universe that
are ten times greater than the levels actually observed. According to the original model, Helium-3
is produced when low-mass stars burn up hydrogen and become red giants, as well as being
produced in the Big Bang itself. Researchers have now produced a new model in which the Helium3 produced by a red giant is pushed to the stars interior and burnt up. <b> Hence the Big Bang
theory is no longer undermined by Helium-3 data.</b>
Above data last statement is conclusion.
dont irk on me. Again conclusion is two types.
1. Immediate conclusion
It is both conclusion and promise support final conclusion.
2. Final conclusion

It is author main claim.

<b> background info </b>
This allows us understand basic situation.
<b> On the basis of the Big Bang theory scientists predicted levels of Helium-3 in the universe
that are ten times greater than the levels actually observed. </b> According to the original model,
Helium-3 is produced when low-mass stars burn up hydrogen and become red giants, as well as
being produced in the Big Bang itself. Researchers have now produced a new model in which the
Helium-3 produced by a red giant is pushed to the stars interior and burnt up. Hence the Big Bang
theory is no longer undermined by Helium-3 data.
<b> counter point or counter promise</b>
This is pease of info that goes aganst authors conclustion.
Common phrases: however, yet, but.

The mayor of the city recently announced the construction of seventeen high-rise buildings in and
around the area of Mira road, a northern suburb of Mumbai. <b> The construction of these new
buildings will create a large amount of pollution, a nuisance for residents who live near the
construction sites.</b> However, many of the residents in the neighborhood work in civil and
mechanical construction, and the contract to construct the buildings has been tendered to a local
construction company. So, the construction of the buildings will lead to an increased quality of life for
the residents of Mira road.
<b> core </b>
Promise and conclusion represent core argument. The core represent what the author is trying to tell
me or prove me.

Assumption based questions:

What is assumption?
An assumption is that author must believe to be true in order to draw
conclusion. However author doesnot state assumption in argument.
Means: it is a imaginative answer. Example you are you are in india. And
going to America. Think how he went to America.
1st assumption. By walk (how he go America by walk?)
By swim (you will get world record for that)
By train, bus, bike etc ( not possible)
Finally
By aeroplane (this is a only assumption that must be true, and not stated
in statement)
Rules of assumption:
It not necessarly to be true in real world

The author has to believe its true inorder to make claim stronger.
Another example:
Opti got A grade in exam---------------------------------- opti must have
studied for long time.

Assumption fill gap. Studying for long time is only way to get A grade in
exam.

Process of finding:
Assumption make argument stronger.
1. Identify the question.

To assume, or more probably drawn

2. Deconstruct the argument

Means you have to make question shorter by making symbles or arrow

marks. For two purposes.
1. You avoid studying entire paragraph double or treble time. That
same lot time
2. You understand statement more clear.

Example:
With large number of vacancies in central government jobs meant for
Other backward classes (OBC) remaining unfilled for want of
candidates, the government is mulling relaxing the creamy layer
criterion by raising the income ceiling to 8 lakh annually. 27 percent of
seats in government jobs and educational institutions are reserved for
OBCs provided the annual income of the family is up to 6 lakh.
Which of the following has been assumed in the given information?
(an assumption is something that is supposed or taken for granted)

1. Criteria of creamy layer has been relaxed from the previous limit
fixed by the government.

2. Vacancies fixed for OBCs in the government jobs is not being filled
due to stiff competition in the market.
3. The vacancies fixed for the OBC in the government jobs is not filled
due to income criteria fixed by the government.
4. The percentage of quota will increase for OBC in the government
jobs
5. The number of people working in the government organization will
increase in future.
Bsc Maxine: nov 2016 edition
1. Deconstruct argument.
Develop own procedure. Dont follow other.
Largenumber central govern obc unfilled gov mulling relax crelay -
increase (use up arrow for increase , down arrow for decrease) 5L
27% sets obc income 6L now.

2. Write ABCDE in paper

3. Check first option. I.e., A
It looks like conclusion or interpretation (we discuss interpretation later). It
is not assumption. Or trap.
Trap: is one not related to statement. Looks like it must be true. We
choose this by mare reading of once.
So strike out A.
4. Check option B.
This might be look assumption. But in this assumption they talk about
competition but statement not related to competition.
So strike out b.
5. Check option C.
This is also assumption. Check statement.
With large number of vacancies in central government jobs meant for
Other backward classes (OBC) remaining unfilled for want of candidates
This is core of statement. Assumption must strengthen this line.
Check option. The vacancies fixed for the OBC in the government jobs is
not filled due to income criteria fixed by the government.
This strength statement.
This might be answer. But we have to check other. So circle it.

6. Option D is out of scope.

7. Option E is perfect trap.
How number of people working government org by Marely will
increase in future relaxing creamy layer? Jobs are based on
vacancies.
This assumption related statement?
Simply strike this statement.
Answer is c