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TYPES OF WASTES
Hazardous Waste
Nuclear Waste
Nuclear Waste
Bio-Medical Waste
E-Waste
Electronic waste, e-waste, e-scrap, or Waste Electrical and
Electronic Equipment (WEEE) describes loosely discarded, surplus,
obsolete, or broken electrical or electronic devices.
E-waste consists of toxic and hazardous waste such as PVC, lead,
mercury, and cadmium.
Some electronic scrap components, such as CRTs, contain
contaminants such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, mercury, and
brominated flame retardants.
Electronic waste is rapidly increasing as mobiles, old televisions
,so on are replaced by new gadgets .
The U.S. produces almost half of the world's e-waste but only
recycles about 10% of it.
No need to memorize line by line, just go through it
Open Dumping
Most widespread
method of solid waste
disposal
Uncontrolled disposal of
waste without measures
to control leachate, dust,
odor, landfill gas or
vermin.
Open burning of waste
is practiced at
dumpsites.
Waste is dumped along
the shoreline and into
the sea.
Drawbacks :
scarcity of available land.
build-up of landfill gas
(predominantly methane),
which can led to outbreaks
of fire (Occasional fires
began spontaneously from
the heat given off by
decomposition or by glass
on open dump acting as a
lens for sunlight.) and
adverse health effects on
workers and adjacent
residents.
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Environmental Concern
Spread of infection and disease through vectors (fly, mosquito, insects etc.)
which affect the in -house as well as surrounding population.
Spread of infection through unauthorized recycling of disposable items
such as hypodermic needles, tubes, blades, bottles etc.
Reaction due to use of discarded medicines
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Landlling
Landll is the conventional approach to waste management, but
space for landlls is becoming scarce in some countries.
A well-managed landll site results in limited immediate
environmental harm beyond the impacts of collection and
transport, although there are long-term risks of contamination of
soils and groundwater by some additives and breakdown by
products in plastics, which can become persistent organic
pollutants.
Landfills
MSW contains 150-250 kg of organic carbon per ton which microorganisms convert to landfill gas via anaerobic processes.
Landfill gas production starts one to two years after the waste is
deposited in the landfill and lasts 15-25 years.
landfill gas constitutes a high-value fuel for gas engines that can be
effectively used for power generation.
Composting
treating solid waste in which organic
material is broken down by
microorganisms in the
absence/presence of oxygen (by
anaerobic/aerobic bacteria) to a
point where it can be safely stored,
handled and applied to the
environment.
essential part of reducing household
wastes, garden wastes.
Kitchen refuse includes vegetable
peelings, tea bags etc.
can be done inexpensively by every
household and produce a product -finished compost or humus -- that
can benefit the environment as a
natural fertilizer for gardening .
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Composts
Example household-sized
compost pile.
Incineration
Caloriific Value:
approx. 13
MJ/kg, half of
natural gas
Main product of
gasification and
pyrolysis
It is used as a fuel
to generate
electricity or
steam
Syngas
It is used to
produce
synthetic diesel
3. Waste Exchange
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2. BIOFUEL
or sugarcane and
bio-diesel, which is made from vegetable oils and animal fats
both are used as sources of power for cars, trucks and aircraft
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Three main by-products from the oil refining industry are obtained.
Soapstocks,
acid oil and
fatty acid distillate
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A brief description of the technique used in laying road using plastic waste
BIOPLASTIC
BIOPLASTICS
Vegetable oil
corn starch
potato starch
pea starch
sugarcane,
Why Bioplastic?
Applications
Reuse
- old books
- old clothes
- old computers
Waste Recycling
Problems
Plastic Recycling
Plastic recycling is the process
of recovering scrap or
waste plastic and reprocessing the
material into useful products,
sometimes completely different in
form from their original state.
For instance, this could mean melting
down soft drink bottles and then
casting them as plastic chairs and
tables.
Typically a plastic is not recycled into
the same type of plastic, and products
made from recycled plastics are often
not recyclable.
Current Criteria