Calculation of Effective Section OF COLD FORMED PDF

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title
Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

cold-formed lipped channel section in bending
Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Example: Calculation of effective section

properties for a cold-formed lipped channel
section in bending
This example deals with the effective properties calculation of a coldformed lipped channel section subjected to bending about its major axis.
For practical design of light gauge sections to EN1993, designers will normally use software
or refer to manufacturers data. This example is presented for illustrative purposes
Basic Data
Created on Monday, December 03, 2012

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are:

h = 200 mm
Total height
Total width of flange in compression
b1 = 74 mm
Total width of flange in tension
b2 = 66 mm
Total width of edge fold
c = 20,8 mm
Internal radius
r = 3 mm
Nominal thickness
t nom = 2 mm
Steel core thickness
t = 1,96 mm
Basic yield strength
f yb = 350 N mm 2
Modulus of elasticity
E = 210000 N mm2
Poissons ratio
= 0,3
Partial factor
M0 = 1,00
The dimensions of the section centre line are:
Web height
hp = h t nom = 200 2 = 198 mm
Width of flange in compression
bp1 = b1 t nom = 74 2 = 72 mm
Width of flange in tension
bp2 = b2 t nom = 66 2 = 64 mm
EN1993-1-3
3.2.4(3)
EN1993-1-3
2(3)
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
cp = c t nom 2 = 20,8 2 2 = 19,8 mm
Width of edge fold
Checking of geometrical proportions

The design method of EN1993-1-3 can be applied if the following conditions EN1993-1-3
are satisfied:
5.2
b t 60
b1 t = 74 1,96 = 37,75 < 60 OK
c t 50
c t = 20,8 1,96 = 10,61 < 50 OK
h t 500
h t = 200 1,96 = 102,04 < 500 OK

In order to provide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the

stiffener itself, the size of stiffener should be within the following range:
0,2 c b 0,6
c b1 = 20,8 74 = 0,28
0,2 < 0,28 < 0,6 OK
c b2 = 20,8 66 = 0,32
0,2 < 0,32 < 0,6 OK
The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if:
r t5
r t = 3 1,96 = 1,53 < 5 OK
r bp 0,10
r bp1 = 3 72 = 0,04 < 0,10 OK

r bp 2 = 3 64 = 0,05 < 0,10 OK
Gross section properties

Abr = t (2cp + bp1 + bp2 + hp ) = 1,96 (2 19,8 + 72 + 64 + 198 ) = 732 mm 2
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange in compression:

z b1
[c (h
=
p
cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + hp2 2 + cp2 2 t

Abr
= 96,88 mm
EN1993-1-3
5.1(3)
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Effective section properties of the flange and lip in compression

The general (iterative) procedure is applied to calculate the effective EN1993-1-3
properties of the compressed flange and the lip (plane element with edge 5.5.3.2
stiffener). The calculation should be carried out in three steps:
Step 1:
Obtain an initial effective cross-section for the stiffener using effective widths EN1993-1-3
of the flange determined by assuming that the compressed flange is doubly 5.5.3.2 (3)
supported, the stiffener gives full restraint ( K = ) and that design strength is
not reduced ( com,Ed = f yb / M 0 ).
Effective width of the compressed flange
The stress ratio: = 1 (uniform compression), so

the buckling factor is: k = 4 for internal compression element.
= 235 f yb
The relative slenderness:
p,b =
bp1 t
28,4 k
72 1,96
= 0,789
28,4 235 350 4
The width reduction factor is:
p,b 0,055(3 + ) 0,789 0,055 (3 + 1)

=
= 0,914
0,789 2
p,b 2
The effective width is:

beff = bp1 = 0 ,914 72 = 65,8 mm
be1 = be2 = 0,5beff = 0,5 65,8 = 32,9 mm
EN1993-1-3
5.5.2
and
EN1993-1-5
4.4
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
Effective width of the edge fold

The buckling factor is:
bp, c bp1 = 19,8 72 = 0,275 < 0,35
so
k = 0,5
EN1993-1-5
4.4

cp t
28,4 k
k = 0,5 + 0,83 3 (bp, c bp1 0,35)
if 0,35 < bp, c bp1 0,6 :
p,c =
of
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (5a)
k = 0,5
if bp, c bp1 0,35 :
19,8 1,96
= 0,614
28,4 235 350 0,5
p,c 0,188 0,614 0,188

=
= 1,13
0,614 2
p,c 2
but 1
so
=1
The effective width is:
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (5a)
ceff = cp = 1 19,8 = 19,8 mm
Effective area of the edge stiffener:
As = t be2 + ceff = 1,96 32,9 + 19,8 = 103,3 mm
5.5.3.2 (6)
2
Step 2:
Use the initial effective cross-section of the stiffener to determine the EN1993-1-3
reduction factor, allowing for the effects of the continuous spring restraint.
5.5.3.2 (3)
The elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is
cr ,s =
where:
2 K E Is
As
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (7)
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
K is the spring stiffness per unit length:

K=
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.1(5)
1
E t3
2
3
2
4(1 ) b1 hp + b1 + 0,5 b1 b2 hp kf
with:
b1 distance from the web to the centre of the effective area of the stiffener in
compression (upper flange)
b1 = bp1
be2t be2 2
32,9 1,96 32,9 2
= 61,73 mm
= 72
(be2 + ceff )t
(32,9 + 19,8) 1,96

kf = 0 for bending about the y-y axis

K = 0,439 N mm
I s is the effective second moment of area of the stiffener:
2
3
2
ceff
ceff 2
be2 t 3 ceff t
ceff
Is =
+
+ be2 t
+ ceff t
12
12
2 2(be2 + ceff )
2(be2 + ceff )
I s = 3663 mm 4
so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is
cr,s =
2 0,439 210000 3663

= 355,78 N mm 2
103,3
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Thickness reduction factor d for the edge stiffener

d =
The reduction factor will be:

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.1 (7)
if d 0,65
d = 1,0
if 0,65 < d < 1,38
d = 1,47 0,723 d
if d 1,38
d = 0,66 d
so
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (3)
Figure 5.10d
f yb cr,s = 350 355,78 = 0,992
0,65 < d = 0,992 < 1,38
EN1993-1-5
4.4 (2)
d = 1,47 0,723 0,992 = 0,753

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (3)
Step 3:
As the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener is d < 1, iterate to refine
the value of the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener.
Figure 5.10e
The iterations are carried out based on modified values of obtained using:
com, Ed, i = d f yb M0 and
p, red = p d
The iteration stops when the reduction factor converges.

Initial values (iteration 1):
Final values (iteration n):
d = 0,753
d = d, n = 0,737
be2 = 32,9 mm
be2 = be2, n = 35,9 mm
ceff = 19,8 mm
ceff = ceff, n = 19,8 mm
Final values of effective properties for flange and lip in compression are:
d = 0,737
be2 = 35,9 mm
and be1 = 32,9 mm
ceff = 19,8 mm
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (10)
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
tred = t d = 1,96 0,737 = 1,44 mm
of
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (12)
Effective section properties of the web
The position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression:
cp (hp cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + hp 2 + ceff d 2

2
hc =
cp + bp2 + hp + be1 + (be2 + ceff ) d
hc = 101,6 mm
The stress ratio:

hc hp
hc
101,6 198
= 0,949
101,6
The buckling factor: k = 7,81 6,29 + 9,78 2

p, h =
hp t
28,4 k
198 1,96
= 0,914
28,4 235 350 22,58
p, h 0,055(3 + ) 0,914 0,055 (3 0,949)

=
= 0,959
0,9142
p, h 2
k = 22,58
EN1993-1-5
4.4
(Table 4.1)
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
The effective width of the zone in compression of the web is:
heff = hc = 0,959 101,6 = 97,5 mm

Near the flange in compression:
he1 = 0,4heff = 0,4 97,5 = 39 mm

Near the neutral axis:
he2 = 0,6heff = 0,6 97,5 = 58,5 mm

The effective width of the web is:

Near the flange in compression:
h1 = he1 = 39 mm
Near the flange in tension:
h2 = hp (hc he2 ) = 198 (101,6 58,5) = 154,9 mm
Effective section properties
Effective cross-section area:

Aeff = t[cp + bp 2 + h1 + h2 + be1 + (be 2 + ceff ) d ]
Aeff = 1,96 [19,8 + 64 + 39 + 154,9 + 32,9 + (35,9 + 19,8) 0,737]

Aeff = 689,2 mm 2
Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression:

zc =
t cp (hp cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + h2 (hp h2 2 ) + h1 2 + ceff d 2
zc = 102,3 mm
Aeff
of
m
g
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
of
Document Ref:
Sheet
CALCULATION SHEET
Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in tension:
z t = hp z c = 198 102,3 = 95,7 mm
Second moment of area:
M
a
3
3
3
cp t be1t 3 be2 ( d t )3 ceff 3 ( d t )
h1 t h2 t bp2t
I eff,y =
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
12 12
12
12
12
12
12
2
+ cp t ( z t cp 2) 2 + bp 2tz t + h2t ( z t h2 2) 2 + h1t ( zc h1 2) 2 +
+ be1t zc + be2 ( d t ) zc + ceff ( d t )( zc ceff 2) 2

2
n
r
o
e
I eff, y = 4140000 mm 4
- with regard to the flange in compression

I eff,y
zc
4140000
= 40460 mm3
102,3
- with regard to the flange in tension

Weff,y,t =
C
T
r
h
e
i
a
s
e
m
Weff,y,c =
d
a
Effective section modulus:
I eff, y
zt
4140000
= 43260 mm3
95,7
Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped

channel section in bending
SX022a-EN-EU.doc
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE
Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed

lipped channel section in bending
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name
Company
Date
Created by
BRITT Ltd. Timisoara,

Romania
05/12/2005
Technical content checked by
D. Dubina
BRITT Ltd. Timisoara,

Romania
08/12/2005
1. UK
G W Owens
SCI
12/4/06
2. France
A Bureau
CTICM
12/4/06
3. Sweden
B Uppfeldt
SBI
11/4/06
4. Germany
C Mller
RWTH
11/4/06
5. Spain
J Chica
Labein
12/4/06
G W Owens
SCI
23/08/06

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Example: Calculation of effective section

Created on Monday, December 03, 2012

The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are:

Total width of flange in tension

Total width of edge fold

Steel core thickness

Basic yield strength

The dimensions of the section centre line are:

hp = h t nom = 200 2 = 198 mm

Width of flange in compression

Width of flange in tension

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

cp = c t nom 2 = 20,8 2 2 = 19,8 mm

Width of edge fold

Checking of geometrical proportions

b1 t = 74 1,96 = 37,75 < 60 OK

c t = 20,8 1,96 = 10,61 < 50 OK

h t = 200 1,96 = 102,04 < 500 OK

Created on Monday, December 03, 2012

In order to provide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the

0,2 < 0,28 < 0,6 OK

0,2 < 0,32 < 0,6 OK

The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if:

r t = 3 1,96 = 1,53 < 5 OK

r bp1 = 3 72 = 0,04 < 0,10 OK

Gross section properties

Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange in compression:

cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + hp2 2 + cp2 2 t

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Effective section properties of the flange and lip in compression

The stress ratio: = 1 (uniform compression), so

The width reduction factor is:

p,b 0,055(3 + ) 0,789 0,055 (3 + 1)

The effective width is:

be1 = be2 = 0,5beff = 0,5 65,8 = 32,9 mm

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Effective width of the edge fold

bp, c bp1 = 19,8 72 = 0,275 < 0,35

The relative slenderness:

Created on Monday, December 03, 2012

k = 0,5 + 0,83 3 (bp, c bp1 0,35)

if 0,35 < bp, c bp1 0,6 :

if bp, c bp1 0,35 :

The width reduction factor is:

p,c 0,188 0,614 0,188

The effective width is:

ceff = cp = 1 19,8 = 19,8 mm

Effective area of the edge stiffener:

As = t be2 + ceff = 1,96 32,9 + 19,8 = 103,3 mm

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

K is the spring stiffness per unit length:

Created on Monday, December 03, 2012

kf = 0 for bending about the y-y axis

2 0,439 210000 3663

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Thickness reduction factor d for the edge stiffener

The reduction factor will be:

Created on Monday, December 03, 2012

if 0,65 < d < 1,38

f yb cr,s = 350 355,78 = 0,992

0,65 < d = 0,992 < 1,38