TAREA TERCER PARCIAL

1.- A gas-turbine power plant operates on the regenerative Brayton cycle between the pressure limits of
100 and 700 kPa. Air enters the compressor at 30C at a rate of 12.6 kg/s and leaves at 260C. It is then
heated in a regenerator to 400C by the hot combustion gases leaving the turbine. A diesel fuel with a
heating value of 42,000 kJ/kg is burned in the combustion chamber with a combustion efficiency of 97
percent. The combustion gases leave the combustion chamber at 871C and enter the turbine whose
isentropic efficiency is 85 percent. Treating combustion gases as air and using constant specific heats at
500C, determine:
(a) the isentropic efficiency of the compressor,
(b) the effectiveness of the regenerator,
(c) the airfuel ratio in the combustion chamber,
(d ) the net power output and the back work ratio,
(e) the thermal efficiency, and
Answers: (a) 0.881, (b) 0.632, (c) 78.1, (d) 2267 kW, 0.583, (e) 0.345

Ciclo Brayton

2.- A regenerative gas turbine power plant is shown in Fig. Air enters the compressor at 1 bar, 27C
with a mass flow rate of 0.562 kg/s and is compressed to 4 bar. The isentropic efficiency of the
compressor is 80%, and the regenerator effectiveness is 90%. All the power developed by the highpressure turbine is used to run the compressor. The low-pressure turbine provides the net power output.
Each turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 87% and the temperature at the inlet to the high-pressure
turbine is 1200 K. Determine
(a) the net power output, in kW.
(b) the thermal efficiency.
(c) the temperature of the air at states 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7, in K.

Turbina de Gas Regenerativa

3.- The figure shows the schematic diagram of a cogeneration cycle. In the steam cycle, superheated
vapor enters the turbine with a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s at 40 bar, 440C and expands isentropically to
1.5 bar. Half of the flow is extracted at 1.5 bar and used for industrial process heating. The rest of the
steam passes through a heat exchanger, which serves as the boiler of the Refrigerant 134a cycle and the
condenser of the steam cycle. The condensate leaves the heat exchanger as saturated liquid at 1 bar,
where it is combined with the return flow from the process, at 60C and 1 bar, before being pumped
isentropically to the steam generator pressure. The Refrigerant 134a cycle is an ideal Rankine cycle
with refrigerant entering the turbine at 16 bar, 100C and saturated liquid leaving the condenser at 9
bar. Determine, in kW,
(a) the rate of heat transfer to the working fluid passing through the steam generator of the
steam cycle.
(b) the net power output of the binary cycle.
(c) the rate of heat transfer to the industrial process.

4.- A combined gas turbinevapor power plant, has a net power output of 100 MW. Air enters the
compressor of the gas turbine at 100 kPa, 300 K, and is compressed to 1200 kPa. The isentropic
efficiency of the compressor is 84%. The conditions at the inlet to the turbine are 1200 kPa and 1400 K.
Air expands through the turbine, which has an isentropic efficiency of 88%, to a pressure of 100 kPa.
The air then passes through the interconnecting heat exchanger, and is finally discharged at 480 K.
Steam enters the turbine of the vapor power cycle at 8 MPa, 400C, and expands to the condenser
pressure of 8 kPa. Water enters the pump as saturated liquid at 8 kPa. The turbine and pump have
isentropic efficiencies of 90 and 80%, respectively. Determine:
(a) the mass flow rates of air and steam, each in kg/s.
(b) the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle.

5.- Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of 1.2 MPa
and 200 kPa with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the
upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic counterflow heat exchanger where the pressure in the upper and
lower cycles are 0.4 and 0.5 MPa, respectively. In both cycles, the refrigerant is a saturated liquid at the
condenser exit and a saturated vapor at the compressor inlet, and the isentropic efficiency of the
compressor is 80 percent. If the mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the lower cycle is 0.15 kg/s,
determine:
(a) the mass flow rate of the refriger-ant through the upper cycle,
(b) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space, and
(c) the COP of this refrigerator.
Answers: (a) 0.212 kg/s, (b) 25.7 kW, (c) 2.68

6.- The figure shows a Refrigerant 22 vapor-compression refrigeration system with mechanical
subcooling. A counter-flow heat exchanger subcools a portion of the refrigerant leaving the condenser
below the ambient temperature as follows: Saturated liquid exits the condenser at 12 bars. A portion of
the flow exiting the condenser is diverted through an expansion valve and passes through the
counterflow heat exchanger with no pressure drop, leaving as saturated vapor at -6C. The diverted
flow is then compressed isentropically to 12 bars and reenters the condenser. The remainder of the flow
exiting the condenser passes through the other side of the heat exchanger and exits at 40C, 12 bars.
The evaporator has a capacity of 50 tons and produces -28C saturated vapor at its exit. In the main
compressor, the refrigerant is compressed isentropically to 12 bars. Determine at steady state:
(a) the mass flow rate at the inlet to each compressor, in kg/s.
(b) the power input to each compressor, in kW.
(c) the coefficient of performance.