ICP 863 MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY AND ENVIRONMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................... 3

1.0
1.1

Objective & Methodologies.............................................................................. 3

1.2

Project Description.......................................................................................... 5

2.0

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 8

3.0

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT......................................................................10

3.1

Screening..................................................................................................... 10

3.2

Scoping........................................................................................................ 11

3.3

Impact Analysis............................................................................................. 11

3.3.1

Air Pollution............................................................................................. 11

3.3.2

Proximity................................................................................................. 11

3.3.3

Water Pollution......................................................................................... 12

3.3.4

Waste Disposal/ Raw Materials...................................................................12

3.3.5

Social/ Culture.......................................................................................... 13

3.3.6

Access.................................................................................................... 13

3.3.7

Noise...................................................................................................... 14

3.3.8

Environmental Health and Safety (EHS).......................................................14

3.3.9

Energy Efficiency................................................................................... 15

3.4

Recommendations........................................................................................ 17

Design Stages........................................................................................................ 17
3.4.1

Participation in Assessment Process............................................................17

3.4.2

Assessment Capacity................................................................................ 17

3.4.3
Selection of the best procurement system that will ensure sustainable
development......................................................................................................... 17
3.4.4

To Include Environmental Management Plan.................................................18

Construction Stages............................................................................................... 19
3.4.5
Fully utilised the Industrialised Building System (IBS) capability that Sunway
Group currently possessed..................................................................................... 19
3.4.6

Implementation of Environmental Management Plan......................................19

3.4.7

Waste Minimization Strategy.......................................................................19

3.4.8

Minimising Impact on the Environment.........................................................20

4.0
4.1

WASTE DISPOSAL METHODOLOGIES...............................................................21

Waste Disposal Methodologies for SPH Refurbishment Project.......................21

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4.1.1

Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R)...............................................................21

4.1.2

Solid Waste.............................................................................................. 22

4.2

Enhancement and Recommendations for Future Project.................................23

4.2.1

Utilisation of Industrialised Building System (IBS)..........................................23

4.2.2

Implementation of Industrial Metabolism Model.............................................23

4.2.3

Solid Waste Management (Johari et al, 2014)...............................................24

5.0

CONCLUSION................................................................................................... 26

6.0

REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 27

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1.0

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1

Objective & Methodologies

This environmental assessment report aims to identify, describe and assess the likely significant
effects which may arise, directly or indirectly during design and construction stages. The
analyses will be carried out for the refurbishment project of Sunway Putra Hotel (SPH).
This environmental assessment report is based on the methodologies and processes
recommended by the following documents and references:
i.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedures and Requirements in Malaysia, by

Department of Environment (DOE), Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment (NRE);
and,

ii.

Environmental Assessment in Malaysia: A Means to An End or A New Beginning, by

Clive Briffett, Jeff Obbard and Jamie Mackee;

Moreover, interview with the person-in-charge directly involved with the project were undertaken
to obtain the real case data from this refurbishment project.
The process to produce an environmental assessment report for the SPH refurbishment project
is as follow:

Screening

Scoping

Impact
analysis

Recommendations

ICP 863 MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY AND ENVIRONMENT

Diagram 1.1: Process of Environmental Assessment Report

A summary of the general criteria for impact analysis relevant to this project is provided in the
following diagram:

Air pollution

Access

Noise

Proximity

Social & Culture

Environmental, Health
& Safety (EHS)

Water pollution

Water Disposal & Raw

Material

Energy Efficiency

Diagram 1.2: Impact Analysis Criteria

Pursuing to this environmental assessment report, two suitable methods of disposing waste will
be further discussed. Two methods discuss in this report are:
i.

Reuse and Recycle; and,

ii.

Usage of Compost Recycled from Horticultural Waste.

A further comprehensive recommendations were also be discussed as a means to further

improve how the waste could be disposed in the future, to provide a more holistic view that
support sustainable development.

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1.2

Project Description

Sunway Putra Hotel (SPH) is a 25-storey 5-star hotel which beautifully designed with a
breathtaking view of the magnificent Kuala Lumpurs city skyline. Located at the fringe of central
business district, the hotel is easily accessible via several key transportation systems in the city
centre. The famous landmarks surrounding SPH, include the Putra World Trade Centre (PWTC)
historic commercial and government buildings and many other that is just close proximity with
the Sunway Putra Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. Facilities of the hotel include restaurants, a ballroom
and banquet facilities, swimming pool and recreational facilities with a spectacular view of Kuala
Lumpur City Centre (KLCC).

Figure 1.3: Map Location of Sunway Putra Hotel

The refurbishment project of Sunway Putra Hotel was completed in December 2015, with its
massive renovation and refurbishment exercise now repositioning the hotel as a new entry level
5-star hotel.

ICP 863 MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY AND ENVIRONMENT

The project was developed by Sunway Real Estate Investment Trusts (SunREIT). SunREIT is
managed by Sunway REIT Management Sdn Bhd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sunway
Berhad.
SunREIT was listed on the main board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad on 8 july 2010.
Since then, it has demonstrated to grow by way of active acquisition. In 2011, SunREIT acquired
Sunway Putra Place (SPP) which is a 3-in-1 mixed development comprises of Sunway Putra
Mall (SPM), Sunway Putra Hotel (SPH) and Sunway Putra Tower (SPT). This is an area where
SunREIT will continue to focus and expand further, supported by a sizeable and visible pipeline
from the Sponsor.
The initial total cost that will be spending for the refurbishment of SPH is estimated at RM 123
million. Figure below depicts the Asset Enhancement Initiatives (AEI) undertaken by SunREIT.

Figure 1.4: Asset Enhancement Intiatives (AEI) by SunREIT

The final cost spent for the SPH refurbishment project has not been disclosed yet since the final
account is still in progress. The AEI works done included the refurbishment of the reception
area, main atrium and coffee house to give these areas a fresh and updated look, in line
with the feel of most of the Sunway hotels. Given that SPHs main target market will be
corporate clients (target of 70%), SunREIT also converted some areas such as the inhouse Chinese restaurant and the penthouse into meeting and function rooms. The hotel will

ICP 863 MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY AND ENVIRONMENT

remain operational during the refurbishment period, but management is anticipating lower
occupancy rates during the period.

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2.0

INTRODUCTION

Environmental assessment (EA) is the term used for the assessment of the environmental
consequences (positive and negative) of a plan, policy, program, or project prior to the decision
to move forward with the proposed action. EA aims to ensure that decision makers consider the
environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project. The
International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact
assessment as "the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical,
social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken
and commitments made.
Environmental Assessment Report is a useful tool to measures a likelihood impacts on the
environment for a new build project. It provides a planning mechanism for preventing
environmental problems addresses at an early stages of the project. In Malaysia,
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required for activities prescribed under the
Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order
1987. Those industrial activities that are not subject to the mandatory EIA requirements are
nevertheless subject to various regulations under the Environmental Quality Act, 1974 (EQA).
Even though it is not a mandatory for this refurbishment project to produce an environmental
assessment report, based on the Prescribed Activities stipulated in the EIA documents, we do
provide the process of assessing the elements of environmental impacts which are relevant to
this refurbishment project.
Way forward, the suitable methods of disposing waste arises from the refurbishment works that
would give less environmental effects of mass material movement during extraction also been
discussed. Figure below concludes that construction waste is one of biggest contributor waste in
Malaysia. Currently, Malaysia is one of the developing country which will produce a big tonnage
of construction waste per day as the country rapidly growth. The waste from construction sector
estimated 30% of our rubbish in total (Construction Industry Development Board, 2015). Thus, it
is crucial to consider an appropriate waste management programme when undertaking any
construction projects including refurbishment project.

ICP 863 MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY AND ENVIRONMENT

Industrial Solid Waste

Household Solid Waste

Solid Waste

Imported Solid Waste

Commercial Solid
Waste

Construction Solid
Waste

Public Solid Waste

Figure 2.1: Categories of Controlled Solid Waste (National Solid Waste Management)
It is opined that the environmental assessment report together with the careful considerations of
waste disposal methods are important for any construction projects, particularly this
refurbishment project. It is envisioned by considering such assessment and considerations it will
eventually impacted the project in a good ways:

The project will be more likely to be completed on time and within budget;

The project will continue to be sustained by the environment for years to come;

The project will yield its benefits without causing serious environmental problems and
gained its recognition; and

The practice towards sustainable development.

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3.0

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

3.1

Screening

The screening process is to decide whether a project requires an Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) or not. Referring to the document of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Procedures and Requirements in Malaysia, by Department of Environment (DOE), the
mandatory Prescribed Activities prescribed under Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities)
(Environmental Impact Assessment) Orders 1987 are as below (Appendix 2: No.17):
i.

Construction of coastal resort facilities or hotels with more than 80 rooms.

ii.

Hill station resort or hotel development covering an area of 50 hectares or more.

iii.

Development of tourist or recreational facilities in national parks.

iv.

Development of tourist or recreational facilities on islands in surrounding waters which

are gazetted as national Marine Park.

As mentioned earlier, this particular refurbishment project did not abide by regulations to
produce an EIA report. On this basis, it can be argued that all new builds should require to
produce an environmental assessment report. The details of the report can be attributed to the
scale of the project. Bigger projects must go in-depth to the likelihood impacts on the
environment. It has been a problem associated with screening is that the development activity
itself do not always account for the sensitivity of the site (Briffett et al, 2004). For example, it
may be acceptable to build a new hotel with more than 100-storey height as long it is not
located on coastal line or hills side even though the development might contribute to the severe
impacts to the sustainability including environmental.
However, this environmental assessment report presents, is an initiative taken to identify,
describe and assess the likely significant effects which may arise, directly or indirectly during
design and construction stages.

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3.2

Scoping

The scopes that were taken into consideration on doing this assessment are during design and
construction stages. The likely impacts that may contribute to the environmental impacts are
being assessed and further discuss how it can benefit to ensure sustainable development.
This scoping exercise enables the related impacts to be identified, assessed and discussed not
only in the context of environmental, as well as social and economic.
3.3

Impact Analysis

The impact analysis plays a vital role to identify and predict the likely environmental, social and
economic impacts in this SPH refurbishment project. The relevant criteria to be assessed is
based on the criteria outlined in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedures and
Requirements in Malaysia, by Department of Environment (DOE). An additional factor, energy
efficiency, is also included in the analysis to provide a more holistic view.
3.3.1

Air Pollution

During the design stage, extract of tenders can be seen to specify areas to ensure the indoor air
quality. The areas are:
i.

To conduct Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) audit monitoring for once in three years;

ii.

IAQ implementation plan to ensure building ventilation systems are frequently

maintained;

iii.

Requirement to install high efficiency of air filter; and,

iv.

To provide room temperature device and additional carbon dioxide sensor.

During the construction stage, low Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) paints that are certified
under local/ international certification body were used. This project also used adhesive with low
emission formaldehyde and are certified under local and international certification body for all
composite wood products.
3.3.2

Proximity

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The facility should be distant to sensitive potential receptors of impacts such as schools, places
of worship, nursing homes, hospitals, and etc. For this refurbishment project, SPH is located
across Putra World Trade Centre (PWTC) at the fringe of central business district. It is also
nearby the historic commercial and government buildings and many other that is just close
proximity with the hotel. However, findings showed that most part of the refurbishment exercise
was done indoor and do not have a major impacts towards its surroundings.
3.3.3

Water Pollution

Growing pressure on water resources has a major impact on the economic, environmental and
social wellbeing. It is important to protect this valuable resource and use it sparingly wherever
possible.
During the design stage, extracts from the tender specification siting the locations and provision
of private meters for all major water uses and the location was presented in the schematic
drawings. The non-potable water source is also provided together with relevant drawings
showing the design and location, as an alternative water source. Relevant layout plans also
showed the distribution of recycled water from approved sources.
During the construction stage, the proper Water Efficiency Improvement Plan and Irrigation
System & Landscaping were carefully implemented.
3.3.4

Waste Disposal/ Raw Materials

During the refurbishment exercise, wastes are being loading, unloading and disposed on
everyday basis. This practice resulted in less waste and more organized waste disposal system.
The contractor also monitored the total suspended solids at each site. Monthly readings were
taken at various monitoring stations. Total suspended particulates must remain below 100 mg/L
to comply with DOE compliance limits.
In future, it is recommended that the developer opts to using eco-friendly materials to reduce the
environmental impact of its development. Furthermore, employing a modular system may
reduce wastage and the over purchase of materials, as production is done within a factory.
Moisture-resistant materials also are selected that are able to withstand the high humidity levels
that are common in Malaysia.

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3.3.5

Social/ Culture

The refurbishment exercise will also include improvement in traffic circulation within the
proximity of SPH for the convenience of occupants.
During the design stage, the studies in vehicular traffic improvement on both ingress and egress
points of the mall, direct linkage to LRT, covered pedestrian walkways to main public
transportation hubs, namely the KTM Komuter Station and Hentian Putra Bus Terminal were
undertaken.
During the construction stage, the occupants remained while the refurbishment project took
place. Alternative measures taken by the contractor to ensure the best hospitality to the
occupants by only doing major works during working hours and give notices to the occupants
beforehand.
3.3.6

Access

A good accessibility is meant for an easy entry and exit of raw materials, product and waste
transportation vehicle.
During the design stage, a schematic layout of an access and pathway of vehicles going in and
our project site was clearly detailed out.
During construction, on normal cases, only lorry with the maximum weight of 1 tonne is allowed
due to a restricted access to the refurbishment site.
In future, more mitigation measures may be taken under considerations such as
i.

Prohibit access to the site to any mobile equipment that leaks oil. Keep a vehicle
maintenance log;

ii.

Daily cleaning of the streets used by vehicles and machinery to remove any
accumulation of loose materials and other debris.

iii.

Apply a dust suppressant on gravel traffic lanes when the quantity of dust raised when a
vehicle passes exceeds 40 mg/m3.

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iv.

Stabilize reworked sectors to limit wind erosion by seeding them or by covering them
with straw or geotextile, depending on how advanced the work is.

v.
vi.

Cover piles of material with geotextile if they are not in use for more than 24 hr.
Use adequate signage and impose appropriate maximum speeds to reduce dust
emissions on access roads and work surfaces.

vii.

Establish a truck route that avoids residential sectors.

viii.

Fires and waste burning on or near the construction site are prohibited at all times.

3.3.7

Noise

During the design stage, extracts of the tender specification shows the requirement to design
occupied space with the ambient sound levels. A report of the detailed analysis and
recommendations from acoustic consultant on how the designed ambient sound levels can be
met where applicable.
During the construction stage, noise levels are monitored using a time meter. This instrument
provides sound level information in real-time, 24 hours. Separate readings are taken in the day
and night. The noise levels recorded at the project site. Moisture-resistant materials are also
selected that are able to withstand the high humidity levels that are also better sound insulators,
which protects the privacy of users.
In the case of SPH refurbishment project, the hotel was still in operation during the
refurbishment exercise. Notes were given to the occupants beforehand and major demolition
works were only done during working hours. Further findings showed that during the
refurbishment exercise, no complaints were received from the occupants.
Recommendation was made that in future, in order to minimise the noise pollution, the
developer could plant more trees. More planted trees will act as a buffer zone between the
plants and occupancy areas. These trees create a natural ambiance and act as a sound barrier
to minimise noise. Plant operations also use dampers to minimise vibrations in high noise areas.
This technique helps reduce annoyance for the surrounding residents and has significantly
improved their quality of life.

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3.3.8

Environmental Health and Safety (EHS)

Throughout the planning, design, and construction phases of a refurbishment or construction

project, careful attention to Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS) issues is essential.
Fire outbreaks in hotels are more complex than many other types. Hotels typically have high
occupancy and guests may be unfamiliar with the building. Guests may not speak English or
may struggle to understand oral or written directions. The major cause of fires in hotels are from
smoking materials, electrical faults, cooking fires and arson.
Sunway Hotel Fire Fighting Team (HFFT) members are required to complete the Fire Prevention
System Training at the Fire and Rescue Department (BOMBA). They must also be qualified to
perform CPR and first aid. All contractors and casual labourers working on our premises must
attend toolbox talks in which safety is prioritised. We also check that all hotel fire extinguishers
are tagged, working and within their expiry dates. We conduct safety audits and inspections at
all Sunway hotels three times a month. The safety audit covers all common areas such as F&B,
engineering, the kitchen, housekeeping, laundry and linen, chemical storage, banquets as well
as the front and back offices. All departmental work areas, electrical appliances, scaffolding,
hand tools, gas equipment, fire-fighting equipment, lifting equipment, gondola, boiler, chiller and
kitchens are inspected during the audit.
3.3.9

Energy Efficiency

During design stage, energy efficiency improvements was prioritized that counteract rising
energy costs. Introducing best business practices help to use energy efficiently, which
maximises cost savings. This approach conserves the environment and provides sustainable
business management which helps secure a long-term position. Energy efficiency is defined as
using less energy to provide the same service.
SPH is equipped with building management systems. These automated real-time systems help
to control, monitor and optimise functions and play a decisive role in reducing a buildings
energy consumption. They are also important as they measure the building energy index and
overall efficiency.
For a future plan, the client is currently working with HITACHI to formulate a building automation
system to standardise all building energy indices. It is in view that this standardization will

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ICP 863 MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY AND ENVIRONMENT

improve buildings energy performance and significantly reduce CO 2 emissions. Building
automation and control systems are the buildings brain that integrate information for all the
buildings technology. It controls the heating and cooling systems, ventilation, air conditioning
plants, lighting, blinds, fire protection and security systems. The buildings brain is essential for
checking energy use and all other operating costs.
Sunway REIT raised the chilled water supply of all of its property assets including SPH by 4F.
This initiative reduced chiller energy requirements and increased the air conditioning
temperature to between 23C and 25C.

Figure 3.1: Electricity Consumption at Sunway Putra Hotel

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3.4
Recommendations
Design Stages
3.4.1

Participation in Assessment Process

Questions surrounding participation are central to any discussion of assessment process

design. By participation, we refer to which individuals and organizations are involved in an
environmental assessment, and when and how they are. Participation in the various phases of
an assessment depends on the assessment goals and design. Participation in different phases
of an assessment can vary substantially, from developing the initial scope of work for the
assessment, to the day-to-day conduct of the assessment, to the communication of its results
(Farrell et al, 2000).
3.4.2

Assessment Capacity

Assessment capacity refers to the ability of relevant groups, organizations or particular

political jurisdictions to meaningfully engage and participate in an assessment (i.e. to get past
nominal participation) and to sustain that ability over time. Most obviously, this requires
possessing the necessary linguistic, scientific and technical skills (i.e. knowledgeable
personnel), material capabilities (i.e. financial resources and equipment), and organizational
support (Farrell et al, 2000).
3.4.3

Selection of the best procurement system that will ensure sustainable development

The type of procurement method determines how the project would be managed. This is
because project uncertainty could be found in the way that projects are awarded and how the
construction project is managed into a system of contract. Procurement methods also
influenced the time performance of construction projects (Ali et al, 2014). The different types of
procurement system have different methods and process of designs and constructions. It
described a different systems and a different organization structure in term of roles,
responsibility and the authority of each members in the team.
Figure below illustrated types of procurement systems used in Malaysian Refurbishment
Projects. The result indicated that traditional systems is the most preferred system used in
Malaysia with record of 54%, followed by design and build with record of 40%, Management
procurement, 4%, Turnkey System with record of 1% and Built-Operate-Transfer BOT with
record of 0.3%. Besides, semi-structured interview shown that 12 out of 15 interviewees

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highlighted that traditional is the most preferred and suitable procurement system for Malaysia
Refurbishment Projects if the contract value exceeded RM500,000.00 (Ali et al, 2014).

Figure 3.2: Types of Procurement Systems for Refurbishment Project in Malaysia

Traditional systems is the most favorable and is separated into different process with design and
construction. The drawings, specifications, and bill of quantities breakdown are provided by the
client to the contractor during tender stage for ease of pricing. It also gives the client firmer and
more competitive price because the design plus the complete working drawings have been fully
developed and detailed out prior to tendering. It eliminates any design and construction
ambiguity or uncertainty. In refurbishment project, the Design and Build and Turnkey
procurement system is less favorable due to the lack of design, specifications detailing and
absence of bill of quantities during tender.
3.4.4

To Include Environmental Management Plan

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to include:

i.
ii.
iii.

The final design that incorporates all mitigation measures and EIA approval conditions;
A detailed environmental monitoring programme; and,
Budget and personnel to implement the EMP.

The EMP is basically designed to enable the proponent to plan, implement, check and review
and should provide the following structure:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

Introduction and policy;

Organisational chart, responsibilities and implementation;
Environmental requirements and monitoring programmes;
Significant impacts and pollution control measures; and,
Environmental contingency plan.

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It is envisioned that if the EMP was developed and carefully implemented during the
construction, the aims of having a sustainable development could be achieved.
Construction Stages
3.4.5 Fully utilised the Industrialised Building System (IBS) capability that Sunway Group
currently possessed
Industrialised Building System (IBS) is a concept of pre-fabrication and construction
industrialization in Malaysia. In contrary with conventional method, IBS is a construction
technique in which components are manufactured in a controlled environment (on or off site),
transported, positioned and installed into a structure with minimal additional site work (Azman et
al., 2013).
3.4.6

Implementation of Environmental Management Plan

Basically, to ensure a smooth construction that fulfill the needs to preserve environmental, social
and economic, the implementation of all the plans during design stage must be done, not only
limited to the EMP.
3.4.7

Waste Minimization Strategy

In construction industry, waste minimization is one of the waste management approaches that
being applied in construction site to reduce the amount of waste generated. Construction
industry is responsible to develop a sustainable environment in term of infrastructure. (Saadi et
al., n.d).
Mallak (2014) stated that construction waste management remains poorly implemented in
construction projects in Malaysia. Moreover, Malaysian contractor also adopted their company
initiatives for waste minimization during construction process which clearly does not reflect to
current policies implemented by government.
It is also a process of treating solid wastes and offers variety of solutions for recycling item
which does not belong to trash. It is about how garbage can be used as a valuable resource.
The waste management disposes of the products and substances that have been used in a safe
and efficient manner (Conserve Energy Future, 2009).
3.4.8

Minimising Impact on the Environment

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When deciding to pursue on a new project, let it be a new-build or a refurbishment, it is

emphasis to consider how the project will affect the environments specially, and the
sustainability in a more holistic view. Below is a summary on how by undertaking a proper
planning and managing potential risks ahead of times and the proper implementation during
construction, may benefit the environment and well-being as a whole.

Project Concept

The project concept is to develop a refurbishment project that will

ensure sustainable development

The Sunway Putra hotel will remain its occupancy, therefore careful
Planning

planning and considerations were taken care to maintain a good

hospitality

The refurbishment project were designed to ensure that it will not

Designing

create a severe negative impacts to the environment, social and

economic

Land Clearing

Construction &
Operation

The refurbishment project was came into picture as to avoid a newbuild and to utilise and enhance the existing building

The construction completed in December 2015 as scheduled, and

now is started to operate as usual and started to see yields in their
incomes

Work was conducted with care. The refurbishment mainly under

Refurbishment

Asset Enhancement Initiatives (AEI) to provide a better hospitality

and to attract more occupancy

Waste Management
System

Energy Efficiency

The most practiced waste management system is Reduce, Reuse

and Recycle (3R)

Energy efficiency increased post-refurbishment

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4.0

WASTE DISPOSAL METHODOLOGIES

Generating some waste is unavoidable. However, an effort need to be taken to minimise it

wherever possible. Cost and environmental benefits were resulted from reducing and managing
waste. Review current waste levels and try to reduce it in all processes such as procurement,
site management and supplier selection. A developer or contractor may find ways to minimise
waste generation through proper planning, strict supervision and effective communication
between project team members during the progress stages.
During hotel operation, standard operating procedures are reviewed regularly by the hotels
culinary and cost control teams. These teams manage and reduce the total food waste by
continually introducing new practices to facilitate sustainable waste management. The hotels
have general waste management procedures in place that detail waste mapping. This
innovative yet simple strategy significantly reduces waste generation in the hotel.
4.1

Waste Disposal Methodologies for SPH Refurbishment Project

4.1.1

Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R)

Furthermore, developers and contractors are urged to carefully consider on how the wastes are
being treated. It is highly recommended that the best solution role for the construction industry
to minimise the waste is by running the strategies of reuse, recycle and reduction (3Rs) which
cause low environment impact as compared to the compost, incinerate and landfill that will
cause high environment impact and will increase the cost of the projects. Thus, the selection on
how the wastes are going to be treated will lead to a vital promotion of the appropriate
technology for the environment management waste.

Reduce

Reuse

Recycle

Compose

Landfill

Incinerate

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Figure 4.1: Strategies that result to the high and low environment impacts
Workplace recycling is a continuous effort. Resource conservation need to be instilled in the
entire workforce stationed and specific project worksites. Construction waste is also managed
based on the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) concept that are three essential components of
environmentally responsible behaviour. Waste is segregated on-site and dip trays are used to
store oils or chemicals to avoid spillage.
Waste oils and chemicals are periodically treated by licensed vendors in accordance with the
Department of Environment requirements. Surface runoff and silt are channelled to the
perimeter drainage system and diverted to sedimentation ponds or silt traps located
downstream. Once the solids are removed, the sediment-free water is reused for general
washing and cleaning.
Construction waste at project worksites such as steel bars, ready-mixed concrete and timber
materials are also segregated accordingly. Minimising construction waste generation is through
proper planning, strict supervision and effective communication. This approach helps reduce
waste disposal in landfill.
Temporary recycling collection centres have been set up and materials are recycled on a
monthly basis.
4.1.2

Solid Waste

Generating some waste is unavoidable. In this refurbishment project, an effort was taken to
minimise it as much possible. Cost and environmental benefits resulted from reducing and
managing waste. The practice was to review current waste levels and try to reduce it in all
processes such as procurement, site management and supplier selection. Minimising waste
generation through proper planning, strict supervision and effective communication between
project team members during the progress stages. Standard operating procedures are reviewed
regularly cost control teams. These teams manage and reduce the total waste by continually
introducing new practices to facilitate sustainable waste management. The hotels have general
waste management procedures in place that detail waste mapping. This innovative yet simple
strategy significantly reduces waste generation in the hotel.

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4.2

Enhancement and Recommendations for Future Project

4.2.1

Utilisation of Industrialised Building System (IBS)

Based on the research carried by Begum et al. (2010), IBS components are effective in
reducing the waste, saving the cost of materials and improve the environmental performance for
overall site conditions. The research states a comparison on waste generation between an IBS
and conventional method. The results showed that of the total waste generated at each site,
94% waste generated at IBS site was able to be reused and recycled as compared to 73% at
the conventional project site.
Whilst Government plays a significant role in promoting and educating the usage of IBS, it is up
to the industry player whether to adopt or neglect the implementation of IBS. Even though IBS
concept may require more skills and capabilities at the initial stage, in a long run it will benefit
the project financially, better time management, better quality assurance, reduce waste and
towards environmental friendly concept.
4.2.2

Implementation of Industrial Metabolism Model

Industrial Metabolism Model is the whole integrated collection of physical processes that convert
raw materials and energy, plus labour, into finished products and wastes in a (more or less)
steady-state condition (Ayres, 1994).
Research by Guerrero (2014) found that the Industrial Metabolism Model can be usefully
applied to analyze and quantify material and energy flows in the construction sector. It utilizes
Material Flow Analysis (MFA) as a tool for the systematic assessment of those flows within a
construction project. It also permits following materials from consumption to final disposal in the
environment delivering a complete and consistent set of information, including flows and stocks
of a particular material, flow of wastes and identification of its sources.
Moreover, the construction waste generation model shows that the construction industry in
developing countries has many challenges in order to improve the performance and efficiency of
the building process. These challenges are not only grounded in technological aspects but also
in the financial, environmental, socio-cultural and legal aspect that hinder the industry to
modernize their practices.

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By implementation of this model, industry players can measures the waste quantitatively and it
will make it more efficient to manage the waste.
4.2.3

Solid Waste Management (Johari et al, 2014)

Solid waste management encompasses all the activities from generation to the final disposal
and is defined as the control, generation, storage, collection, transfer and transportation,
processing and disposal of solid waste consistent with the best practices of public health,
economics and finance, engineering, administration, legal and environmental considerations.
The main challenge facing Malaysia is how to effectively and sustainably manage this
continuously increasing solid waste.
The Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act (SWPCMA) is the currently existing
SWM legislation in Malaysia. This act was reported to have been copied and applied from the
best solid waste management practices of some developed countries such as Japan, Denmark,
Switzerland, Germany and the United States of America. The main strategies proposed for
implementation under the Act includes source separation, efficient solid waste treatment, interim
treatment and final disposal of solid waste particularly through landfills.

Separation

Treatment

Interim
Treatment

Final
Disposal

Figure 4.2: Solid Waste Management Strategies

Proper storage & handling, collection & transportation and waste treatment & disposal must be
properly monitored and implemented to ensure the success of solid waste management (SWM).
A waste minimization potentials are summarised as below:

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i.

Reduce & Reuse

Source reduction is to plan and execute minimization of waste right at the generation
stage and is the most preferred option according to the waste management strategy. It
focuses on reducing the volume and/or toxicity of waste generated as well as switching

ii.

to reusable products and packaging.

Solid Waste Recycling
Recycling of solid waste has been recognized as the most environmentally sound
strategy for dealing with the waste.

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5.0

CONCLUSION

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that this project has a good integrations among all
relevant parties i.e. client, architect, consultants and contractor since the very beginning. This
could ensure the validity of the designs and drawings are credible and almost correct at the time
of produce.
Moreover, this refurbishment project was based on the Traditional Procurement approach. This
is a normal practice for a refurbishment project especially if the cost is RM 500,000 and above.
In traditional procurement system, the drawings, specifications, and bill of quantities breakdown
are provided by the client to the contractor during tender stage for ease of pricing. It also gives
the client firmer and more competitive price because the design plus the complete working
drawings have been fully developed and detailed out prior to tendering.
The Risk Management Team also played a significant roles and worked together with the
Environmental Management Team. Any potential impacts during the project exercise were taken
into considerations and a proper mitigation plan was produced to prepare for any likelihood
events that may arise in the future.
It is opined that even though this is not a new-build project, a high weightage of environmental
assessment was considered during the refurbishment project. Not only that, the considerations
during design stage and the implementation is proven to minimise impacts towards the
environment, social and economic, hence promotes a sustainable development.

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6.0

REFERENCES

Ali, A. S., Peng, A. Y. C. and Ling, S. C., 2014, Managing Refurbishment Projects Through
Selection of Procurement System: The Case of Malaysia, European Journal of
Sustainable Development (2014), 3, 4, 311-322
Briffett C., Obbard, J. and Mackee, J., 2004, Environmental Assessment in Malaysia: A Means
to an End or a New Beginning, Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 22:3, 221233
Conserve Energy Future, 2009 Retrieved from: http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/wastemanagement-and-waste-disposal-methods.php
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedures and Requirements in Malaysia,
Department

of Environment (DOE), Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment

Farrell, A., VanDeveer, S. D. and Jger, J., 2001, Environmental assessments: four underappreciated elements of design, Global Environmental Change 11 (2001) 311333
Johari, A., Alkali, H., Hashim, H., Ahmed S. I. and Mat, R., 2014, Municipal Solid Waste
Management and Potential Revenue from Recycling in Malaysia, Modern Applied
Science; Vol. 8, No. 4; 2014
Mallak, S. K., Ishak M. B., Mohamed A. F., and Abdullah S., 2014, Barriers to Practice of NonHazardous Solid Waste Minimization by Industries in Malaysia, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 154
162, 2014.
Saadi, N., Ismail, Z. and Alias, Z., Construction Waste Minimization for Contractors in
Malaysia,

Recent Advances in Environment, Ecosystems and Development

Sunway Sustainable Report 2015, Reporting Period 1 January 2015 to 31 Decemeber 2015