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CORNELL
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Cornell University Library

PK 177.T28

3 1924 023 050 754

Date Due

177

Tzs

Cornell University
Library

The
tine

original of

tiiis

book

is in

Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright

restrictions in

the United States on the use of the

text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023050754

RELATING TO

EELMON,

GOYEMMENT, LAND;

CUSTOMS,

AKD

OTHEK TEEMS AND WOEDS IN COMMON

TO

WHICH

WORK

IS

ADDED A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED

IN THE N. W. PROVINCES

AND

OUDH.,

USE.

IN DISTRICT

AND ALSO OF

THOSE APPLIED TO LABOURERS

BY

G.

TEMPLE.

With au Appendix giving Computation

of

Time and Money, and

Measures, in British India, and Forms of Address.

LONDON
&

LUZAC
Publishers

to

the

Co.,

India

Office

46, Great Eussell street,

1897.

(..

1;!^

UUMVLUb'Ct
U^lvAKY:

"Weights and

T^ar

/J^fi^SJ^Vp
EOKLOPPZEK

& HUBNEE,

Printers.

AmsUrdam

{Holland.)

PREFACE,

work has been compiled

This
sufficient

which

to

time to devote to the study

reading of Indian subjects,

the

feel

who have not

of those languages of India

and who

this Glossary pertains,

those

for

chiefly

yet, in the course of their

want of an explanation, in a

small compass, of terms relating to the religion, manners, customs,

of the

Hindu and Mussalman peoples of

These terms

are,

Hindi dictionaries

it

true,

is

India.

be found in excellent

to

&c.,.

Urdu and

but the latter are large and expensive works, and

however essential to students of those languages, they would not be

requisite for the majority of the readers to

whom

lation appeals.

For these the Roman character

The Alphabets

(in

have been prefixed.

have

referred

will

compass, affording

the

same

At the same
derive

facility

an

This Glossary
the

India Office,

adaptability

view

is

confined.

from having

in

small

The compiler

is

indebted

Hindustani Dictionaries.

was submitted to the

who

of the

whom we

to

of reference, a collection of those particular

terms" to which this Glossary

to various valuable

advantage

respective languages

students

the

time,

used in this work.

is

of the

character),

the present compi-

expressed a

work

to

the

late

Dr. Eost, Librarian at

very favourable opinion

end

which

the

compiler

of the

had

in.

PREFACE

The compiler
to

Professor

takes this opportunity of acknowledging his obligation

Blumhardt,

for

kindly looking over the MS.,

and

making some useful suggestions.

It is possible,

nay probable, that some errors in accentuation may

have been overlooked, and for these the compiler must appeal to the
indulgence of his readers.

G. T.

London, 1896.

CONTENTS.
Pa

The Hindustani Alphabet

in

Roman

Characters

The Hindustani Numerals

The Hindi Alphabet in Roman Characters

Glossary

Terms

Indian

of

relating

to

Religion

Customs,

Government, Land, &c., &c., &c

Glossary

N.

W.

Terms

of

P. and

used

in

Official

6^

District

in

the

Oudh

319

Glossary of Terms applied to labourers in the N.

APPENDIX

work

W.

P.

and Oudh

325

Muhammadan

328

Calendar

Hindi! Calendar

329

Monetary System of British India

330'

Weights and Measures

331

Forms

of Address

331

The

flindiistani

Alphabet in

NAME.

Roman

Characters.

THE HINDUSTANI ALPHABET.

VAME.

4
6
8
5
7
1
3

The Hindustani Numerals.

1

ek.

35

do.

tin.

4
5
G

chlia.

40

chalis.

74

chauhattar.

sat.

41

iktalis.

75

pactahattar.

ath.

42

be'alTs.

76

chhihattar.

nan.

43

totalis.

77

sathattar.

dO

das.

44

chan'alis.

78

athhattar.

igarah.

45

paintalis.

79

nuasi.

harah.

46

chhi'alis.

80

assi.

terah.

47

saiutalis.

81

ikasi.

chandali.

48

athtalis.

82

be'asl.

paiutis.

69

36

chattis.

70

sattar.

37

saiutls.

71

ikhattar.

char.

38

athtis.

72

bahattar.

paneh.

39

uutalis.

73

tihattar.

nnhattar.

pandrah.

49

nuchas.

83

tirasi.

solah.

50

pachas.

84

chanrasi.

satrali.

51

ikawan.

85

pachasl.

atharah.

52

bawau.

86

chi'asi.

nnis.

53

tirpan.

87

satasi.

athasl.

20

Ms.

54

chanwan.

88

21

ikkls.

55

pachpan.

89

uan'asi.

22

M'lS.

56

chappan.

90

nanwe.

23

te'is.

57

sattawan.

91

ikanawe.

24

chanbis.

58

athawan.

92

banawe.
tiranawe.

25

pacliis.

59

nnsath.

93

26

chabbis.

60

sath.

94

chanrauawe^
pachanawe.
chi'anawe.

27

sata'is.

61

iksath.

95

28

atha'is.

62

basath.

96

29

nntis.

63

tirsath.

97

sataiiawe.

30

tis.

64

chansath.

98

athanaTre.

31

iktis.

65

paiusath.

99

nlnanawe.

32

batis.

66

chhi'asath.

33

tetis.

67

satsath.

34

chantis.

68

athsath.

100

san or sau

THE HINDUSTANI NUMERALS.

Tlie

foUowins are used as

numbers

collective

ganda, a group of four.

saikra, a hundred.

gahi, a

hazar, a thousand.

five.

kori, a score.

clialisa, a forty.

lakh, a hundred thousand.

one hundred

karor,

lakhs,

or

ten millions, a 'crore'.

The

ordinals proceed as follows:

pahla or pahila
1st.

or paihla

c]iantha

4th.

panchwau

5th.

dSsra

2nd.

chhatwau

tlsra

3rd.

chliatlia

6th.

The followine

are fractional numbers:

pao,

pann

chanth

paune

chantha,
tiha, i

I
.

ndha

sawa

11/4

derli

1 i/g

arha'i

21/2

The Hindi, Sanskrit or Dera Nagari Alphabet of "the

city

of the

gods," from Sanskrit dsTa, a god, and nagara, a city.

The alphabet

consists

of

vowels and thirty-three simple

fourteen

consonants, and each letter has but one invariable sound.

The

Hindi Alphabet in

Roman Characters.

VOWEI.S.
I,

I,

u,

u,

ri,

ri,

e,

ai,

au.

CONSONANTS.
ka,

kha,

gha,

ua,

cha,

chha,

ja,

jha,

iia,

ta,

tha,

da,

dlia,

iia,

ta,

tlia,

da,

dlia,

ua,

pa,

pha,

bn,

blia,

ma.

ya,

ra,

la,

va, or

sa.

sha,

sa.

hn.

wa,

THE HINDUSTANI NUMEliALS.

For further information regarding the Hindi alphabet, and

construction

of

the

Hindi Grammar.

language,

the

The numerals

student

differ

very

can

for the

consult Kellogg's

slightly

from those we

have already given.

The

characters of the Sanskrit letters differ considerably from those

of the Urdu, the Arabic, and the Persian.

In Sanskrit, the
from

left to

right;

letters

while

have a perpendicular form and are written

the

letters

of the Hindustani alphabet are

written in a horizontal direction from right to

left.

Glossary of some Indian Terms relating to

Religion

Customs

Words
(The

letter (a) placed after a

Government; Land, and other

word

Hindi or HiudastiinT, (p)

common

in

use.

in tie glossary stands for Arabic,

for Persian,

and

(s)

The name of God

for

(ft)

for Sanskrit).

As a

or Tishnu.

prefix

a particle of negation.

it is

*Abd

servant of God.

Abdhiitni

kind of Hindu devotee who worships

Abhisliek

Sprinkling

^Abid

An

Ab-i-haiwan

Waters

Siva.

with

purification,

holy

Ganges

water,

royal unction.

adorer.
of

life,

name of

the

fabulous

fountain of immortality.

The

Abja

lotus,

the

moon, the physician

of

the gods.

Achamau

Sipping water before religious ceremonies,

meals, from the
spitting

A-char

palm of the hand, and

out again.

Religious observance, custom.

Acharaj
Acliclihat

it

tilalc.

by

(unbrolien)
(marlc

Hindus

on

made
tlie

forehead).

spiritual guide, a learned pandit.

Ceremony of putting a few grains

rice

addressed, or of a Braliman
to

when

name of

Eternal.

Adab

Manners, ceremonies, etiquette.

'Adiilat
.

invited

an ealertainment.

Achcliut

^Adam

Yislinn.

court of justice,

Non

ot

on the forehead of an image when

existence, nonentity, privation.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

'Adat

Habit, custom.

A-dharm

Irreligion, impiety.

Aditi

Tlie proper

Aditya

Deities in general, the sun.

Aftab

(snn)

name

of the mother of the gods.

parast

(worshipper)

worshipper of the sun.

Afrid- gar

The

Agam

Creator.

Sastra or work on sacred science and

of divine origin.

Aglior-panth

among Hindus.

religious order

The mendicants who

thing,

however

feeder

is

profess

it,

eat every-

Hence

filthy.

gross

so called.

Agni

The god of

Agras

Food

name

fire,

of a Fnraua.

offered in oblations, sacrifices, &c.,

to the gods.

'Ahd

Contract, treaty.

Ahmad

Most

praisewortliy.

hammad, and
'Ajam

Barbarians

...

(all

name of Mu-

persons not Arabian.)

man

Applied to a

A-jat

Prop,

of Musalmans.

expelled from his jat

or caste, thence called ajat-i.

Ajal

Tire predestined time of death.

'Aka'id

Articles of religion.

Akas-diya

A
a

lamp which the Hindus hang

aloft

on

bamboo in the month Eartik.

'Akd

The marriage knot.

Akhara

palaestra,

or

place

for

wrestling, any

place of assembly.

A-khat, or A-kshat

Wliole

grain

fried used

in

religious

is

used in

ceremonies.
Faith, belief.

'Akidat
'Akl

Wisdom,

sense, opinion.

Akol

the

plant

oil

of which

enchantments.
Grlory, exaltation.

'Ala

Aiaiya

(a

crow)-balaija

(a sacrifice)

Sacrifice,

lighted

wisps with

which the

Hindus divert themselves at the season

of the dewali.

GLOSSARY OP ISDIAK TERMS.

'Alam

The world,

'All

High,

universe.

proper name^

Muhammad's

especially of

son-in-law.

Wise, learned.

'Alim

Action, rule, sway.

'Amal
'Amala

noble;

eminent,

(Pi. of 'Amil)

'Amil.

An

Collectors of revenue.

Amama

A-mar

Immortal.

'Amari

overseer.

turban, a tiara.

with

seat

canopy,

on an elephant

or camel.
_

Ambika

A-mrit

The food of the gods, Ambrosia, Nectar.

Amurzish

Pardon of

Au-ant

Boundless.

name of Bbawani, wife of

by the Deity.

sins

Name

that supports
also

the

and

which

called

cord with

Hindus

serpent

The name

earth.

on the fourteenth
pachh,

of Visliim.

the

given to

knots which

Sira.

is-

fourteen

on their arm

tie

day of bhadou, suklsacred

is

Vishiiu,

to

anant chandis,

or

anant

cbatrdise.

A-niti

Rudeness, injustice, immorality.

Aparas

Applied to

condition

the

after bathing,

of

Hindn

when he must touch no

one before he has prayed and eaten.

Aradhan

Worship, devotion, supplication.

Archa

Worship, adoration.

Arcliak

A worshipper.
Mode of worship

Argil

ingredients to

an oblation of eight

god or Brahmau; act

of pouring out

water in

deity (the

moon, &c.) while per-

sun,

honour of a

forming worship.

Argha

The boat-shaped

vessel,

used by Hindns for

performing libations in their devotions.

Arjun

Name

Arta

of a celebrated hero, the third son

of Pandn.

ceremony attending marriage.

When

the bridegroom

house of the bride,

first

he

is

comes

to the

received

by

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

who present

her relations,

move

circularly

painted and

partments

\l

round

and

to him,

his head, a platter

divided into

com-

several

in the middle of which

lamp made of

is

with ghi, and

flour, filled

having several wicks lighted. (Hunter).

Arti

ceremony,

similar

which the platter

head of

isan

is

above,

in

moved round

the

the

to

image of a god.

aii

on which Hindus

small carpet

sit at

prayer.

Asfalu-s-safllm

The lowest

'Ashara

The

hell.

name

of

the

days

ten

first

of

Mnharram.
Aslitan^

Adoration performed with eight members

'Askar

An

'Askar-i

Military, a soldier.

of the body.

A-sram

army.

religious class or state of

According
such

Bralimachari,

I.

or

IL Grihastha, or householder.

student.
III.

viz:

states,

mankind.

Hindus there are four

to the

Yaiiaprastlia,

or

anchorite.

IV.

Bhikshn, or beggar.
Astnt

Praise, an anthem.

A-sur

A.

Atan

Incorporeal.

Kamdey, the Hindu Cupid.

Athal

Bathing

the

demon

rigines

(The Abo-

hostile to the gods.

were so

of

called).

bridegroom

and

bride

together, the third day after marriage.

Atit

Atka

The pot

Hindu

pilgrim, or fakir.
in

which food

door of the temple

is

cooked at the

of Jaganuath for

the pilgrims.

Atkiya

Keligious devotees.

Atma

The

<Atr

Perfume, fragrance, essence (of

Aubash

soul,

mind,

mixed crowd

self.

vulgar mob.

Auliya

roses).

of various nations,

Saints, the apostles, the holy.

iO

GLOSSAUY or INDIAN TERMS.

Ava-fSr

incarnation

Birth, descent,

of the deity.

(The Hindus reckon the following ten

Vishnu;

avatars of the god

kachehapa,

fish:

3.

Yaraha, a hog:

2.

tortoise;

4. nri-singlia,

lion: 5.

Tainana, a dwarf:

6.

raina

anna

9.

7.

matsya,

1.

balarama :

8.

a man-

parasa-

bnddha

10. kalki.)

^Azab

Tprment, martyrdom.

'Azan

The summons

prayer (generally pro-

to

from the

claimed

minarets

or

towers

of a mosque).

precious.

Darling,

<Aziz

title

of the king

of Egypt.

B.
Badhawa

Congratulatory song. Presents to a

on the

sixth, or fortieth

woman

day after child-

birth.

A Brahman.

Bahnian

Baina

Victuals distributed at marriages.

Bainda

A mark

placed on the forehead by Hindus

before their devotions.

Bairagi

An

Baital

A demon

Baitarni

The Hindu Styx.

austere recluse.
;

also a dead

body occupied by one.

Baithak

Baltu-1-lah

(House of God).

The temple of Mecca.

Bajrang-i

or

seat, or place

where people converse.

kind of tilak

mark made on

Hindu's forehead with red

Bal (power) Balarama

lead.

Elder brother of Krishna.

To

Bala'eu lena

take the misfortunes of another

one's self by drawing the

upon

hand over the

head of another.

Bal

(a

child- Krishna)

bhog (enjoy)

An

offering presented to

Krishna in the

early morning.

Bal-bakra

goat for sacrifice.

One

killed in battle

without doing anything.

Bali-dan

Act of oifering

sacrifice to

God.

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

1 1

Bam

Interjection addressed to Siva, especially

Ban

by

temple of Vaidyanath.

pil2;rinis to tlie

forest (the pilgrimage

through the 84

forests of Braja).

Bana
Bana

Habit, profession,

Baiia-prastha

A
A

Bang

Sound,

bridegroom.
hermit.

of

voice

Muhammadans
Bara

Alms,

Baran

Tribe, or caste.

mu'azzin

the

calling

to prayer.

charity.

Brahman,

Clihatri, Bais,

Sudra-among Hindus.
Barat

The company and attendants

(li.)

at a marriage

feast.

Barat

The

(a.)

fourteenth day of the

devoted

to

the

month Slia'bau

commemoration

of

ancestors.

Barat

Bari

The

Bar!

Name

religious rite or penance.

Deity, the Creator.

of a

Hindu

and leaves used

Bardan

Answer

Bargi

The Maharattas.

Bai'na, or Yarua-sankara

caste,

who

sell torches,

for platters.

to prayer to

God, or a

saint.

Offspring of mixed tribes, or castes.

The Resurrection.

Ba's

Basak

The

chief of serpents, fabled as supporting

the universe,

and used as a string to

mount Mandar

whirl

in

churning the

ocean for the amrit, &c.

Beard-dyeing, staining the legs-by

Basma

women

so as to give the appearance of wearing

tight drawers.

Name

Bed, or Veda

of the four Hindu Scriptures:

rik, sania, yajush,

Bera

(a raft, or float)

The

raft

floated

by

and atharva.

Muliammadans

honour of Khwaja Khi/r.

in

Besides the

anniversary bera, the Mnssalraans float

smaller

of the
saint.

ones with lamps on Thursdays

month Bhadoii,

to pro])itiate the

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Bewan

The automatic

(like bimaii)

Hindu deify

of a

car

also a bier.

Bliagwant

God.

Blia'i-chara

Brotherhood.

Bhajna

To

worship.

Bliakt

devotee, a

Bharat

India.

HiudQ

A
A

warrior, a hero.

Bliatar

Bhatt

learned

Bliat

actor.

husband.

man.

of Maharatta

title

Brahinans.
_

Bhawani

...

Bhitariya

A Hindu
Men who

preside at a temple - Bhandarly

steward

goddess, wife of Siva.

raso'iya,

Pnjari,

cook

who

wedding-feast

priest,

also

guests

and
at

company with

eat in

the relatives of the bride.

Blioukas

Bhur

Charity given to poor people.

who,

wizard,

women and
Bldh or

Vidlii

BiJia'I

by

his

children to the grave.

Brahma, providence.
who by alternately whispering

Rule, decree,

spirit

sad and pleasant things

sleep causes

'Biinan
BTril

brings-

spells

them

celestial throne,

sword knot.

or car.

custom prevailed of

throwing a bira of

betel, into the

of an

assembly as a

one

perform a

to

picked

it

children in

to

to laugh, or cry.

challenge

difficult task.

up bound himself

midst

to

any

Whoever

to execute

the task.

Bishan, or Vishiiu

The

deity in

the

character

of Preserver

or Vitality personified.

Bismi - 1 - lahi r - rahmani-r-rahim

In the name of

God

the most merciful-

an Invocation used by
at

the

Mnbammadaus

commencement of

their

books,

and generally, at the beginning of

actions

Braliina

God,

and works.

Spirit,

the very soul.

all

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

IS

Byah (marriage)-ra-chana,
To

(to celebrate)

Byas or Vyiisa

celebrate a marriage.

The Muni or
and

reputed collector

saint, the

arranger

of

Vedas,

the

and

tlie

author of the Mahabharat.

c.
liachar

pole round

which people play during

the holl festival.

Chamba

who

of beggars

tribe

cut

or scarify

their skin.

hauwar

An instrument made

of peacocls's feathers,

waved over the head of a sovereign,

&c.,

intended originally to keep

-Ciiarcba

Adoration.

Perfuming

off flies.

with

person

Sandal- wood.

Charkh

wheel,

especially

or

potter's,

that

of a water-mill.

Charak puja

(worship)

A ceremony observed

principally

by

the

lower orders of Hindus in Bengal, on

day when the sun

the

when,

the

for

by means

iron

hook passed under the shoulder-

suspended,

and fastened

round by a rope joined

end of the

A sect of Mussalmaus

who

acquainted

lever.

venerate equally

Muhammad.
with

the

four

Descendants of such Brahmans.

religious

sixth

(an

day

ceremony performed on the

after childbirth.

umbrella)-

chhatr-pati or -dhari

One

entitled to cai'ry an umbrella,

i.e

Raja.

Chhatri

then whirled

Vedas.

Chhatr

one end of

to

on a high pole. They are

A Brahman

Chhathi

of an

lever resting

the four successors of

Chaube

sins

are

to the other
.

Aries,

of their

they

blades,

Ohar-yar-T

enters'

expiation

The second of

the four

Hindu

castes.

-14

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Cliihal (forty)

custom

observed

Mnssaliuans,

of

funerals

the

at

back

stepping

of

forty

paces from the grave and again advancing to

it

before reading the service.

Chihra

Chilla

Forty days of fasting observed by some

Cliiragh-I

description

roll.

religious fraternities in the East.

present

made

up oblations

tomb of a

Encouraging troops to

Chnnanti

were

Mnlla for

to the

at the

appointed,

Four

fight.

officers

purpose

the

for

offering^
saint.

in

Uindn armies. At Benares, on the Hth

of Jeth shnkl-paksh Hindus swam across
the river, and forming two sides fought

with swords, clubs, &c. This was called

chnnanti.

Chnngi

fakir's tax.

D.

Name

Uachh (learned)

of an

ancient

sage,

father-in-law

of Mahadeva.

Eeward

Dachchhiua

to

Brahman

religious ceremonies.

Dadu

Name

Dah
Dah karna
Daha (from Da,ten)

Burning.

for

performing^

Fee.

of a celebrated fakir.

The ceremony of burning a dead body.

The
the

ten days of the

tombs

of

carried about

Mnharram,

in

which

Hasan and Hnsain are

and thrown into the river

or other water.

Dahr

Atheism.

Da'i

Destiny, the deity.

Dak

A
A

Hakhan

South.

Dair

...

temple where idols are worshipped.

post for conveyance of letters, a post-

office.

The

(Deccan).

southern

part

of

India

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Dakait

1 5-

Generally written in

English 'dacoit,' a

robber, a pirate.

Dakaut

caste

Uimdns, descended

of

father's side

the mother's from

on

the

Brahman and on

from a

a Crwalin,

female

of the GJwala, or cow-herd, caste.

Diiman-i

Scrap of the shroud kept by relatives of

Dan

Charity, alms-giving.

the deceased.

Dand-wat
Dant

(tooth).

Hindu

bow, prostration.

salutation,

Daut nugli

To

katna

bite the finger,

a term expressive

is

of being surprised.

Dantan

made from

tooth-brush

of a tree,

the

branch

and generally used by the

natives of India.

Daiiw

Daph-ali

A
A

wager, a cast of the dice.

kind of

fakli',

who always

plays

on

the daph, a sort of tambourin.

Dar^ah

Place, court, door,

mosque, shrine.

Darl

dialect of the Persian

small carpet,

language.

Daru-1-bawar

The abode of

Darn-1-karar

The mansion of

rest,

Daru-s-salam

The mansion of

safety,

Darwesh

Das'hara (Tenth)

The

dervis

perdition,

(Muhammadan

birth day

i.e.

hell.

the grave.

heaven.
fakir), a beggar.

of Ganga.

{Vide.

Sacred

Places of the Hindus).

Da'wat

Pressing people to become Mnssalmans.

Dehra

temple where idols are worshipped by

Jains, a

Dev

(GfOd)

than

ing up)

Hindu temple.

(stand-

The day on which Tishuu awakes from

his sleep of four

months.

Devhra

Devi

Hindu goddess,

Dewa-sthan

place of idols, a temple.

Dewal

temple where idols are worshipped, a

temple where idols are worshipped.

a queen.

temple, a pagoda (often used by the natives

to designate Christian place of worship.)

16

GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TEEMS,

Dewall

Dew-stan

The

Dlianattar (powerful).

UiudS

festival.

habitation of demons.

Name

of a

physician

the

in

court

of

ludra.

J)hang

Breeding, manners, gracefulness.

Dharl

Black lines made on the

Dharicha

with missl

lips

kind of ink).

(a

The name given

of a

the second husband

to

Hindu woman among

Such marriage

classes.

the

lower

contrary

is

to

Brahmanical teaching.

Dharui

Dharm

Justice, religion.

or Dharam-sala

place

where alms are distributed,

resting place for travellers.

Dheha

Dho'a

Pruit and flowers

kind of fakir; also a tribe of Jats.

on

presented by inferiors

festival days.

Dhora

The tomb

Dhuni (smoke)

fire

carried about in the AIntaarram.

lighted by

which he

Hindu

fakir, over

imbibing the smoke, by

sits,

way of penance.

DhJip

perfume burnt by Hindus at the time

of worshipping.

Dig-gaj

Elephant that supports one of the four

quarters of the earth.

Big

(side)

pain)

sui

(a

Great.

dart,

An

unlucky day for travelling in a par-

ticular direction.

Dikpal

Eegion. (Brahina, for upwards; Auanta,

for

downwards

for south-east

ludra, for east

Agni,

Yauia, for south Nairrita,

for south-west;

Varuna,

for north-west

Kuvera,

for west

Vayu,

north

Isaua

for

for north-east.)

DIa

Faith, religion.

])in-bandhu

Friend of the poor,

DIn.dayal

Protector of

Dina-natli

Master of the poor,

Bola

wife IVom

>

Epithets of
tiie

poor,
^^^ ^^^^'^'
'

an inferior family married

by a person of rank,

who

gives a pre-

GLOSSAllY OF INDIAN
sent

17

'ITERMS.

She ranks below

her parents.

to

wives of equal family,

but above con-

cubines.

Dora ;

Domra

low

Hindus,

of

caste

among

also

Mnssalmans, professionals, the males of

which are musicians,

and

sing

dance

and the females

in

the

company

ol

females only.

Dozakh

Hell.

Sabe

Knowing two

beds,

Veda, a

or

of

title

Brahmans.

A
A
A

Dulha

Durga
pnrana

bride-groom.

name
name

of BhawanT.
of a

Hindu book containing an

account of the goddess.

Name

Durrani

of a tribe

of Pathans, inhabiting

the country about Kandahar.

are

(A-dnrr, a pearl) in their ears.

pearls

They

They

name from wearing

said to have got this

are also called Abdalis.

Dnrtid

Salutation, blessing.

Dut (An ambassador) ....

An

angel

who

passes

between God and

man.

Dwarabati; Dwarika

HindA holy

near

place

the Gulf of Ctttch {Fide.

the

month

of

Hindu Sacred

Places).

Dwarika-nath

Dwija, (twice-born)

Lord of Dwarika,

i.e.

Krishna,

Brahman.

E.

The

Eri
Eri dekho,

Look

heel.
at

your

heel

(look

at

home):

phrase used to obviate the effect of the

evil eye.

Btwar

Sunday.

Ezid

God.

Ezid-i

Divine.
2

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

18

Fabiha

Excellent

Faghfnr

Tlie

Fahim

Intelligent, wise,

Fahish

Nefarious.

Fahisha

Fahm

Understanding,

bravo

very well

emperor of China.

harlot,

knowing.

anything abominable.
intellect.

Fajir

A
A

Fakhr

Glory, nobility, grace.

Fakih
Fakir

A
A

Falak

The heavens,

Falita

Torch,

Failsnf

{<l>iloao(fioi)

philosopher.
sinner.

theologian.

beggar, a darwesh.

fate.

wick

composed of paper in-

scribed with mystic words, from the smokeof which

demons

are

supposed to

expelled from those possessed

Fana

Mortality.

Farang

Europe.

Farang-i

European.

Farhang

Science, a dictionary.

Farosh

(selling)

(sweetmeats)
farosh

be-

by them.

halwahalwa-

sweetmeat-seller.

Fars

Persia.

Fars-I

Fasl

Chapter, division, time, season, crop, date-

Fasli

A Hiudn

Fath

Yictory, conquest.

Falwa

Fauj
Fauj-dar

An
An

Faut

Death, failure, omission.

Faut-I

Property

Persian, the Persian language.

era.

judicial decree, judgment, sentence.

army.
officer of the police,

of

those

who

a magistrate.

die

escheated to the sovereign.

Fids

Sacrifice,

Firoz

Victorious, happy.

ransom.

intestate

GLOSSAllY or INDIAN TERMS.

19

Fitr

Breaking a

fast.

Fitrat

Wisdom, a

trick, nature,

Fota

Tax, revenue.

GH.

G.
trab

creation.

tbe

tree,

which yields

of

fruit

astringent

glutinous,

used

juice,

a
for

smearing the bottoms of boats, and for

soaking nets.

A follower

Gabr

of Zoroaster, a fire-worshipper

Musalmans

by

applied

non-Mu-

to

hammadans.

Gada

club, a mace.

Mace- bearing, a name of Vishnu.

-dhar

Gaddi

cushion,

anything

pad,

stuffed.

sovereign's throne.

Chimes rung

Gajar

or

(from

Gaj-p^ti

(Jaj,

at the expiration of a

pahar of the day or

watch

night.

an

elephant, and pati, a

lord, master)

The master of an

elephant,

the title of

a raja.

Abuse.

Gall

In

plural

(galiyan),

indecent

songs at marriages.

Gamak

Sound of the kettle-drum.

Gandar

kind of grass of which Ehas Ehas

The

the root.

used

is

latter,

before

doors,

wetted to cool the

is

placed on frames,

air

and

constantly

passing into the

rooms, during the hot season.

Gandhar

The name of

Gandharb

A
A

Gandi

celestial

Bag

or musical mode.

musician, a demi-god.
that

which Eama-

chandra drew round Sita

to protect her

circle,

particularly

from Barana.
Ganes.

Ganesh

The

name of

Janus

of

the

Hindu
Hindus.

wisdom, represented

divinity.

The

The God of

with an elephant's

20

GLOSSAEI OP INDIAN TERMS.

head and attended by a

He

of consequence.

affair

deemed

(xanga

The

Oaiiit

Arithmetic.

Ganjha

The hemp plant (Cannabis

Ganges,

river

when

smoked

when

nearly ripe

water and form

.^

Mud

bruised and

The

an intoxicant.

as

The

Sativa).

is

leaves

dried and ground, are mixed with

The mixture
Oara

by

sacred

and on which they are sworn.

HindSs,

fruit

in-

is

commencement of every

the

at

was

daughter

of the mountain Himalaya.

voked

He

rat.

Mahadera and

of

the Sion

an intoxicating drink.
called bliang

is

and gabzi.

Name

prepared for making pottery.

of a ragini or musical mode.

Oardnn

Garwa

A
A

wheel, the firmament, the heavens.

vessel

holding

for

water,

pot carried by- musicians

women
as

and dancing

basant-panehami,

at the feast of

an offering to people of rank, from

whom
Gatli bandhan

flower-

they receive presents in return.

Binding in

a knot.

Hindu marriage

on which the bride and bride-

festival,

groom's clothes are fastened togetlier and

conveyed in procession to a river or lake.

Gaura

A name

Ganri

Ibid,

of the goddess Parwati.

the

name of

ragini or musical

mode.
(raiiriya

Inhabitant of Ganr, formerly the capital

of

Bengal

hence,

the

followers

of

Chaitanya of Nadiya are so called. (This

philosopher

flourished

1407 of Salivahaua.
era

about

commences 78 years

of Christ;

it

is

called

year

the

prince

whose

after the birth

SaliB.

He

was

Brahman, and, having become

by

birth a

SannySsi,

maintained

trines of the

misunderstood,

that

the

doc-

Vedas had been hitherto

and explained tliem

in

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

21

a manner peculiar to himself.

a branch

is

of

His

shippers of Vishim.

His disciples are

numerous, over

five millions.

His

lowers

him

been

believe

sect

Yaishitava or wor-

tlie

to

have

fol-

an

incarnation Of the deity.

Name

tfayii

of a

Bihar,

in

city

celebrated

tirth or place of pilgrimage.

Gayatri

prayer

by Brahmaus with

repeated

the rosary.

Ghabawat

Inadvertency, stupidity.

(ihabi

Negligent, imprudent.

Ghafr, ghufran

Pardon, remission of

Ctliaib

Concealed, invisible, mysterious.

Gthaib-dan

Skilled in discovering mysteries, a prophet,

Ghair

Other, different, foreign.

Grhair - shar'-I

Unlawful.

Ghalaba

Superiority, strength, conquest.

sins.

a diviner, omnigcipnt.,

Wrong, erroneous.

Cthalat

-1

A
A

-kar

Delusive.

-kar-i

Delusion, deception.

-navis

An

go

Grham-aluda

false relater.

mistake, error.

erroneous writer.

Grieved.

(xhamm

Grief, sorrow.

tfhana

Riches, wealth.
wealthy.

Gjiani

K,ich,

(xhanTin

An

Gharbi

Western.

Ghari

An

hour.

Gharib

foreigner,

enemy, a robber.

stranger,

poor,

humble,

strange, foreign, wonderful.

Gharib-mar

Oppression of the poor.

Gharib-nawaz

Courteous, hospitable to

strangers, kind

to the poor.

Gharib-nawaz-I

Hospitality.

Gliarib-parwar

Cherisher

of

the

poor.

by inferior persons

(Often applied

to their superiors.)

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

22

Immersed, drowned.

Uharik

i-rahihat

drowned

Overwhelmed with mercy,

in

the grace of God.

tthazb

Violence,

Ohassal

One whose

oppression,

force,

injustice,

plunder.
business

is

it

wash

to

the

bodies of the dead.

tthat

landing place by a river, a bathing

place.

An

(xhatak

ambassador, a mediator; applied, also,

to one

Ghati

negotiates a marriage.

who

mountain

and west of the Deccan are

east

called from

An

Ghazal

khwan
sara-i

Gtaopa

numerous

their

so

passes).

ode.

reciter of odes.

Singing of odes.

(The Ghants, on the

pass.

folded like a sugar

cloth with a part

loaf to

head worn over the

the

cover

body in cold or wet weaiher.

Ghnbar

Dust,

vapour,

Arabic

smallest

the

or

Persian handwriting.

An

_Ghnl

imaginary sylvan demon of different

shapes and colours, supposed to devour

men and
demon

Ghnl-i-bayaban-i

Girain or
Girja

Gram

{Portuguese

from Gr.

other animals.

A
A

musical scale, an octave.

church.

(inhabitant of the woods).

Igfreja,

e.xxh/ala) ...

God

Bosom, god lena,

Golok

Name

Gopal (from

and

Gor

Gotam

pal,

Go,

who
^

to adopt a child.

of the heaven of Vishnu.

a cow,

protects).

A
A

name of Krishna,

a cow-herd.

tomb, a grave.

The name of

mnni, or

in Hiudii mythology.

of

tlie

Nyiiya,

or

saint,

He was

logic,

famous

the author

and

his

doc-

trines corresponded with those of Aristotle.

Gotam

lived in a

and

retired

his

forest,

wife

Ahalyu

where Indra,

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

23

happening to pass, was struck with the

beauty of the

and assuming the

latter;

appearance of Ootam, deceived and slept

with his wife

which discovering, Grotam

He wished that Ahalya

cursed them both.

might be turned into stone; in which

remained

she

state

Rainacliandra

till

of Dasaratha), passing that way

(son

with

brother

his

Laclihnian,

restored

and

after she

her to her original form,

had been purified by Bama, she was

again received by her husband.
Grranth

code,

-^

Sikh

book

the

particularly

composed

religion

of

the

Nanak

by

Shah.
tlrish

The name

fourth

the

of

of

the

six

15th of Baisakh to 15th

seasons, from

Asharh, summer.

Oudariya

Clothed in patched garments or in rags.

iGtndarij-a-pir

tree near a

people

tie

town or

np rags

village

in

the

on which

manner of

votive tablets, which they believe to be

efficacious

accomplishment

the

for

of

their wishes.
-triidri

-A l^il*^ (especially a fakir's).

(i|jjj.j

Name

4jnlai

of a raginl, or musical mode.

red,

which

the Hindus throw on each other

in the

farinaceous

holi festival,

powder dyed

(q.v.).

^jirn

Important, respectable, a spiritual guide,

^^tj^a

a teacher, the planet Jupiter,

ball

devotees

which

swallow to make

themselves invisible, a small book worn

Habs (Betention)

as

an amulet.

H.

Applied to retention

by

fakirs,

as

of breath practised

religious

act.

It

is


GLOSSAUY OF INUIAK TEEMS.

24

considered a means of prolonging

life-

which

the-

extending

as

time

the

number

predestined

in

of inspirations takes-

place.

Habsliani

Habsh-i

Abyssinian, a Kaffir.

Hadas or hads

An accidental cause

female Abyssinian.

MusabnSn

to

of impurity, according

whereby

traditions,

becomes unlawful

commence

to

it

or finish

a prayer without ablution.

Punishment agreeable

Hadd

Muhammad, which

of
number

laws

the

to

fix

the exact

of lashes, &c., to be inflicted for certain

crimes.

Hadi

Cattle carried to

Hadls

history,

Mecca

for sacrifice.

the

tradition,

Hadm

Ruin, destruction, a destroyer.

Hadya

The

HaflK (a guardian)

One who

price of a Knr'jln.

has

name of

the

Muhammad
Haflza

Hall

An

Haft

Seven.

good memory, who

whole Kur'an.

recite the

The

can.

poetical;

Persian poet

celebrated

Sharasn-d-dm.

memory.

retentive

assembly, council, congregation.

-taasht

Abuse, idle

-hazar-I

kalani

traditional

Muhammad.

sayings of

talk.

command

of seven thousand.

Seven sorts of handwriting in Persian,,

one who writes those seven hands.

Haft-kishwar

The seven

Hai'at

Astronomy, the aspect of the heavens.

regions, the world.

Haibat

Fright, perturbation, awe.

Haidar

Haidar-I

Muhammad.
One of the sect

Half.

Iniquity, oppression, a pity.

Haiiii

War,

Haikal

Any

Hii'il

Terrible, horrible.

lion,

name

battle,

of

'All,

son-in-law

of

of 'All.

conflict.

great building,

palace, a temple-

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

tt'iilaj

(In

Haiy

astrology)

duration of

life

25-

mark by

which

the-

temple

of

foretold.

is

Alive.

kaiyuiu

Eternal, immortal.

la-yamSt

Eternal.

Haija

The

Hajar

Hajaru-l-aswad

The

cholera.

stone.

black

stone

in

the

Mecca.

^^^i
Hiiji.

Need, want, poverty

of one

Said

who

hope, wish.

also,

has

taken

part in

who

and, particularly,

festival,

has per-

formed the pilgrimage to Mecca.

Hajiyn-l-haraniain

^''JJ

Act of moving round,

pilgrim to both Mecca and Medina.

going to

or

place, pilgrimage to Mecca.

Hajo

lampoon.

Satire, a

malih

Hakam

Apparent

An

praise but real satire, irony.

umpire,

mediator,

arbitrator,

also,.

knowledge, wisdom.

Hakikat

Account, narration, condition, explanation,.

Hakim
Hakim

A
A

Hakim-i

The

Hakk

Just,

truth, sincerity.

commander.

ruler, governor, master,

sage,

commonly, a

and,

philosopher,

physician.
practice of medicine.
right,

the

true,

deity,

justice,.

rectitude.

Hakk ada karua

jaU-o-jalal

To render
The

every one his due.

deity in all his splendour.

Hakka

Really, truly,

Hakk-ta"51a

God

Hakkn-l-lah

The

Hala

Hala-dola

Shaking, an earthquake.

is

by God.

great, the Almighty.

rights of

God, punishment

inflicted'

for religious offences.

halo, or circle

round the moon.

Halak

Perdition, ruin, slaughter, death.

Halakat

Death, destruction.

Halal

Legal, right,
aside

allowable,

mourning

for

the

woman

laying-

death

of her

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

2G

husband, at the expiration of 100 days

during which time

by law
Halal karna

To

she

slay according to the foi-ms prescribed

by the Muhammadan

khor

not allowed

is

to re-marry.

religion.

sweeper of the lowest caste (so called

everything

because

eatable

lawful

is

food to him.

Halat

State, condition, circumstances.

Hal-dhar

A
A

Hallm

name of Balarama.
of

kind

dressed

food

in

the

Mn-

harram.

Halka

Hama

All, the whole, everything.

dan
Haina'il

ring, circle, a fraternity.

Knowing

small

everything, experienced, wise.

Kur'an suspended

to the

neck

as an amulet.

Hamd

Praise.

Hame-o

Vanity, egotism, arrogance, pride.

Hamosha

Always, ever, continually, perpetually.

Hamesha-gi

Eternity, perpetuity.

Hamid

Praised, laudable, glorious.

Hamiyat

Ardor,

zeal,

Ham-kasam

Bound

together by oath.

Haug

The understanding, wisdom.

Haniiman

a nice sense of honor.

monkey,

who

headed

the

name

Baina's

the

monkey

forces

against

of

Ravana.

Hara

A name

Haram

Sacred, forbidden,

of Mahadeva.
the temple of Mecca,

the Seraglio.

Haram-I

Har-bab-i

Master of knowledge of every kind

Har-giz

Ever.

Hari

robber, an assassin.

name of Vishnu.

bhajan

Adoration of Visluiu.

bhakt

worshipper of Vishnn.

tliis

servant of Vishnn.

Harlm

The sacred enclosure of

Mecca,

the

temple of

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

Harlit

The name of an
with

27
who, together

angel,

named

another

mariit,

severely

censured mankind

before the throne of

God: they were,

therefore,

down

to earth in

human

of the temptations

both sent

shapes, to judge

which man was

to

and these they were unable

subject,

to

withstand; being seduced by the planet

Venus in

form

punishment,
the feet

of

in

woman.

were

they
well

As

suspended

where

Babylon,

in

by

they are to remain in great torment

till

the day of Judgment.

Hasab

Pedigree,

Hasb-i-hal

Agreeably to circumstances.

nobility,

Hasbu-1-Unkm

Agreeably to orders.

Hasbu-1-ma'miil

Agreeably to customs.

HaslI

Hassas

Possessed of the

Hast

Being, existence.

collar of gold,

religion.

sufficiency,

or

silver,

worn

as an

ornament round the neck.

five

senses,

Hast-i

Existence, entity, world.

Hath-lewa

an animal.

ceremony in marriage among Hindns.

(The hands of the bride and bridegroom

are

palm to palm,

joined

flour put

with some

between them, and

tied

with

a red thread.

Handa

litter

(used

on an elephant or camel,

in which Arabian ladies travel). Anglice

Howdah, "a square

by

four,

enclosure, four feet

formed of wood, or cane stretched

upon a wooden frame, and provided

with a

seat

slung across

venience of the occupant.

is

placed

the con-

This machine

on the back of an elephant

and strapped round

of broad

for

leathern

Seated herein and

its

body by means

girths

and

provided with

chains.
rifles,

ammunition, and a day's provision of

biscuits, sandwiches,

and a bottle of ale or

28

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEHMS.

brandy and water, a European can travel
in a single day a distance of forty miles,
either in search of tigers, or to reach

station to which he may be summoned

by business or pleasure " (Stocqneler.)

Hawari

Having a white

skin, a friend,

companion,

an apostle, a disciple or apostle (of Jesusa friend, associate, companion

Christ),

(of

Mnhammad).

Hawas

Desire, lust, ambition, curiosity.

Hi or Hiya

Heart, breast, mind, soul,

Hidayat,

Guidance in the

Hijrat

Separation, flight;

life.

way of righteousness

righteousness.
particularly the flight

Mnhaminad from Mecca

of

on the 15th

to

July A.D.

of

Madina,

622,

the

commencement of the Mubammadan

Hilal

The new moon,

Hind

India.

Hindol

Name

the

first

of a rag,

Hindu

last

era.

two or

moon.

three days of the

in the

and

musical mode, sung

or

morning of spring.
a

negro,

black

Ethiopian.

Arabian,

Indian,

or

Gentoo (" Indian. One of

the aborigines of India.

countrymen use

this

At Madras our

term to designate

the language and people of TeUina^ana,.

who occupy

the

north-eastern portions

of the peninsula") (Stocqneler.)

Hindustan

India (particularly applied

provinces)

from

Hindu,

upper

to the

and

Indian,

Stan, place, country.

Hing-liij

Hisn-i-hasin

An

temple of DbtI.

impregnable fortress,

book of Musalinau
Holl

The

great

Hindfi

the

festival

held

approach of the vernal equinox,

great

license

sprinkle
iiowder.

each

of a

title

traditions.

prevails,

other

at

the

when

and the people

with

^uliil,

a red

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

Hor
Hosh
Hoshang

29

wager, an agreement, a bargain.

Understanding, mind, soul.

Name

second king of Persia, of

of the

the Peshdadiyan dynasty.

Ho tab

Predestination, destiny.

Hnbal

Name

of an idol in the Ka'ba at Mecca

bel'ore the

Huma

time of

name given

phoenix, (3)

considered

head

the

to

Muhammadanism.
(1

an

eagle,

(2)

of paradise.

bird

omen,

of

happy

it

overshadows

It is

and that
wear

will

a crown.

Hnn

pagoda made of

also

called

coin,

gold with an image on

principally in

it,

former times in use at Madras. The term

pagoda appears

to have

Europeans, who

also,

Hiadu temples. In

were

India

"Pagoda

Hnnda bhara

Contract

had

made

said

by

designated

it,

reference to the coin,

Europeans, of times
away, who

been applied by

to

long since passed

their fortunes in

shaken

have

the

tree".
for

transportation

of

goods,

including the payment of duties.

Hnndari, hnndi

Unnnd

The Hindus.

Hni-muz

The

bill

of exchange.

isle

Ormuz
name of

of

also the

in

the

Persian gulf,

a king of Persia

who

reigned A.D. 272.

Huruk

A kind

of

drum

in form like an hour-glass

(generally played

on by

bearers).

Hnshaska

The

I'anat

Help, aid, assistance, favour.

'Ibadat

Divine worship, adoration.

'Ibadat-i

A
A

'Ibadat-khana

last

breathings of the dying.

devotee,' a religious person.

place of worship.

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

BO
'Ibarat

Style (in writing), speech, a word, dialect,

or

trope

idiom, a

phrase,

sig-

ambiguity,

adj.

figure,

nification.

The thumb,

Ibham

suspicion,

unknown.

covered, concealed,

named because he despaired

IMis

The

'Ibrat

An

example, warning.

'Id

solemnity,

devil (so

of God's mercy.)

holyday.

festival,

(Fide,

bakar-'id),

fasah

Feast of the Passover.

fatir

Feast of unleavened bread.

gah

ka chand bona

To be

khima

Feast of tabernacles.

'Idi

place of worship.

seen on very rare occasions.

customary present on the day of

or on
'Idn-l-fltr

The

Ifrlt

Anything

Iftar

Breaking a

festival held

man

all

on breaking the Mussal-

lent.

demon,

ing,

frightful

or

a giant,

horrible,

spectre.
fast

especially in the even-

when Mussalmans

eat after fasting

day during the month of Bamazan.

Act of proving the

Ilikak

'Id,

some holyday.

restoring

to

of a doctrine,

trutli

administration

rights,

of

justice.

Ihram

Interdicting,

applied

to

the

resolution

formed by pilgrims at a certain distance

from Mecca to abstain from

all

worldly

enjoyments.

Ihsan

Beneficence,

benevolence,

benevolent

actions, favour, courtesy, kindness.

karua

To

mand

Obliged, grateful.

oblige.

Ihtirani

Act of honouring, paying respect, vener-

Ihtiraz

Abstinence,

ation, reverence, attention.

abstaining

from

improper

passions of any kind, forbearance.

Ijab

Rendering neceesary.

(In logic) Affirraa-

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Muhammadan

(In

tion.

31
law).

The

first

proposal made by one of the parties

in.

negociating or concluding a bargain.

Ijabat

Answering

prayer

(of

or

of a petition),.

consent, approbation, compliance.

IJSd

Invention.

karna

To

invent.

Ijara

Hire, rent, a farm.

Ijara-dar

farmer

land

of

or

of

revenue,

th&

holder of a monopoly.
Ijazat

Permission, leave, dispensation, sanction,.

commands, orders.

khwah

Asking permission.

Ijtihad

Exertion,

Ijtlma'

Act of assembling or gathering

effort.

together,.

agreeing together in opinion, conjunctiorL

in astronomy.

Ikhbar

Act of giving intelligence or information.

Ikhtif a

Act of hiding, concealing.

Ikhtilaf

Uiiference of opinion,

ment
Ikhtilal

discord, disagree-

misunderstanding between

friends..

Interruption, disturbance, obstacle.

Ikhtira'

Invention, inventing, fancying.

Ikhtisar

Abridgment, curtailing.

Ikhtiyar

Choice, wiU, opinion, election, authority,.

power.

karna.

To approve

men bona

To be in

of,

Ilah

God.

Ilahi

Divine, interj.

'Daj

'Ilal

(plnr of

Ilka

'illat)

to adopt, to choose.

the power of, or dependent on>

God

remedy, medicine, cure.

Infirmities, pretences.

Inspiration.

'niat.
i-f a'ill

Pretence, cause.
Efiicieiit

cause (as the maker,

if

the

work

of man).
i-gha'i

Final

cause,

or

purpose

for

which

it

was made.
i-maddi

Material cause,
the thins;

is

or the

made.

matter of which

32

GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Formal cause,

form

in

which

i-'arnz

Poetry, versification.

i-asma

The knowledge of the names,

i.e.

of the

-^^1- -i-slirl

its

that

i.e.

essence consists.

Science, knowledge.

'Ilm

attributes of

i-ghaib

The knowledge

i-hikmat
-i-hlsab
-i-ilah-I

i-kalam

what

of

occult

is

what has not yet

absent, or
-i-haiyat

God.
or

existed.

Astronomy.
Philosophy, physics.
Arithmetic.

Theology.

The

explanatory

science,

rhetoric,

i.e.

oratory, eloquence.

-i-ladnn

The study

i-mnsiki

Music.

'Ilm-1-riyaji

Inspired knowledge.

i-iflaraya

The mathematical

-i-sihr

Magic.

-i-tasauwuf

The

-'nmii-l-yakm

of perspective.

sciences.

mystic, or contemplative science.

Certain knowledge, demonstration.

'Imad

Imam

lofty pillar, confidence, reliance, trust,

support.
leader in religious affairs, &c., a priest

bead in a rosary,

also, a large

remains

Imamiya

in

fixed

the

turned

hand

over

and

are

(called

by the Uindns, SHniern).

of a

the

counted.

others

Name

which

while

Muhammadan sect, who make

imam immediately after

AIT the rightful

Mnhauunad.
^Imarat

Government, lordship,

office

or dignity

of anilr, a public edifice, a fortification.

Imkan

Possibility, contingent existence.

Imla

Pilling up, completing, ^orthography.

Inabat

Conversion to God, repentance.

In'ain

In'iim-i-ikram

An

'Inayat

Favour,

Indarii

present, a gift.

honorable
gift,

gift.

present.

large well of masonry.

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

33

ludiraj

Extinction of a family.

Indifa*

Eepelling, prohibiting.

Indimal

Kecovery, getting well of a wound.

Indra

The regent of

the

heavens

visible

and

of the inferior divinities.

badhu

,_Indraiu

The wife of Indra.

Indra-prastha

Indra-purl

The

Indri

An

name of

Dehli.

city of

Indra.

organ of sense,

and

the

senses (external

internal).

lus

Men, mankind.

Insan

Man

Irada. Iradat ......'.....

Desire,

human

being.
design,

inclination,

intention,

plan.

'Irak

territory divided into

two portions.

i-^ajam

Babylonia or Chaldea and Media.

i-'arab

Babylonia or Chaldea.

'Irakan

The two

Iran

Persia.

cities

Iran-i

Persian.

Irs

Inheritance.

^Isa

Jesus.

<Isa-I

Christian.

of Basra and Kufa.

'Isawi

Belonging to Jesus, of Jesus, Christian.

^Isha

The

first

said

Isht

Islam

At

watch of the night, the prayers

when going

to rest.

god, beloved person, anything wished

for.

orthodoxy,

peace,

the

Muhammadan

religion, Islamism.

Islami

Isma'I'l

Ishmael, son of Abraham.

Ispand

believer, a

Mnhaniniadan.

seed burnt at marriages and after the

birth

of a

spirits

also,

child

to

when

drive

away

evil

a child goes out or

comes home.
Israfll

The name
will

of an

sound

resurrection.

the

angel
last

who,

it

trumpet

is

at

seraph.

said,

the

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

34
Istambol

Constantinople.

The

Turks.
tnniya.

(It

It

by the

called

so

name

Persians

it

Kustnn-

thus called in the

is

Bagh

Bahar.)
Istibdad

Absolute dominion, despotism, insisting

Istibra

Cleansing,

a thing's being done.

upon

washing

it,

the waiting

of a

months, according to
law)

being

after

husband,

of

be freed from

to

woman (for three

the Muhammadan

divorced

from

whether

ascertain

to

hands

one's

business or desiring

she

her
is

pregnant or not, before she can contract

another marriage.'
Istifta

Consulting a lawyer or learned man.

Istihbab

Contracting

friendship,

work

or

supererogation.

summoning

to appear.

Istihzar

Calling, citing,

Istikamat

Standing

Istikbal

The ceremony

Istikbar

Pride, presumption.

Istiklal

Absolute power, intrepidity, perseverance.

Istikma

Bringing to perfection.

Istikra

Reasoning from induction.

Istimta'

Enjoying, the celebrating the solemnities

Istinas

Familiarity, intimacy, sympathy.

Istlhas

History.

erect.

a visitor,

of

Eectitude, integrity.
of meeting

and receiving

futurity.

the festival of Mecca.

fables

(This refers to

and

traditions,

heroic

history,

the

Hindus

as

were not historians in the proper sense

of the

term.

From

the

Mussalman conquest the

time

of the

historians

of

India are the Mussalmans.

Ittifak

Agreement, equality, concord, friendship,

Ittif akan

Accidentally, by chance.

Ittif ak-i-liasana

Unexpected good fortune, agreeable ac-

chance, fortune, accident, success.

cidents.

Ittifak

bona

To happen,

to

be agreed.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

35

Ittifak karua

To

Ittihad

Union, concord, friendship.

Ittika

Abstaining from

I'tikaf

Curbing

accord, to happen.

the

worship

in

piety.

evil,

desires

continuing

Mosque,

especially

at
at

Mecca.
'lyadat

Visiting the sick.

Izafat

Addition, adjunct, reference

of one

construction

noun with another.

Iz"an

Obedience, submission, confidence, belief.

Izhar

Manifestation, revelation.

Izn

Pei-mission, dismission.

Izra'a

The angel of

Iztirab

Agitation, trouble, chagrin.

Ijtlrar

Violence, constraint.

'Izz

Glory,

death.

dignity,

grandeur,

excellence,

power.
'Izzat

Ibid, glory.

Jabadda

Rigid,

Jabaddiya

Ill-shaped.

Jabal

Jabalknm

An

Jabbar

Omnipotent, mighty,

The
-sa

awkward.

a mountain.

hill,

amethyst.

palm

Jabha

stiff,

a conqueror, a

tree, a revenger,

tall

Orion.

forehead.

Eubbing one's forehead on the ground,

beseeching, begging earnestly.

sa-i

The

act of rubbing

the forehead on the

ground, beseeching earnestly.

Oppression,

Jabr

violence,

strength,

force,

power.
98

By

i-nnksan

Making good a

violence, violently.

of goods.

deficiency

in

exchange

GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TERMS.

36
Jabra'n,

The archangel

Jiicliak

Jachna

To want,

Jada

Pathway, road, the right road,

Gabriel.

beggar, one who goes about singing

for charity.

implore, beg.

manner,

practice.

Ja-dad

station,

place,

employment,

service,^

consignment.

JadaT

One

Jadd

of the lineage of Kjrislma.

grandfather,

(plur.

glory

dignity,

(of

ajdad,

ancestors),

God),

happiness,

prosperity.

Jadd-i

Ancestral, belonging to ancestors.

JadI

he-goat,

diminutive

the

Jndai

is

the

of

Jadn

An

Jadn-bansi

One of

Jadn-nath

An

Jadu

Sorcery, juggling.

Jadwal

Horizontal,

pronounced

Jadi,

name of

Capricorn,

sign

the

kid,

the polar star.

ancestor of Krishna.
the family of Jadn.

epithet of Krishna.

or

marginal

book, a tabular

form,

ruling

in

an astronomical

table.

An

Ja'edad

assignment of land

for

the mainte-

nance of any establishment.

Jag

Jaga

The name of

Jagadamba

(Hother

the -world)

religious sacrifice, vigils.

a caste of Hindus.

of

Epithet of the wife of Mahadeva.

Jagaran

Vigil (in a religious

Jaggesar

A name

Jbgopabit

The ceremony of putting on

of

ceremony), vespers.

Vishnu and of Siva.

the Brah-

manieal thread.

Jahez

A bride's

portion, whatever a wife carries

with her to her husband's house.

Jai

Triumph, promotion, preferment, victory,

Jai-jai-lcar

Eejoicings, triumph, exultation.

Jai-iniil

Garland of victory.

Jait

Name

brapo! huzza!

all

hail!

of a musical mode.

GLOSSAEY OF IKDIAN TEEMS.

Jajak

(li.)

J^'ak

(s.)

A
A

37

player on cymbals or on the tabour.

Brahman who

mance

of

presides at the perfor-

ceremony,

religious

an

officiating priest.

Jajam

-A cloth thrown over the carpet to

The

Jajat

sit

on.

combinations

of

beginning with J (jim).

letters,

Jajnian

binary

of

series

The hereditary barber of a

must

fees

be

whom

village to

whether employed

paid

or not.

An

Jak

supposed

animal

guard

to

buried

treasures.

Jakh

demi-god,

or

fairy

an

attendant

on

Envera, the Indian Plutus.

Jakhani

Jalal

Dignity, state, majesty, grandeiir, splendor,

female jakli or fairy.

power.
Jalal-I

Divine.

Jalaliya

worshipper of the more terrible

attri-

butes of the deity.

Jal-sa'I

on

(Sleeping

the

Applied

water).

to

Vishnu, the only being who survived

the destruction of the universe-remaining
afloat

on a

Indica,

Jal-tarang

bar or Flcus

leaf of the

or on the great snake, auanta.

Musical glasses, playing on gloss or china

bowls

by rubbing the edges,

vessel

in

which

water

is

brass

put and the

edges are beaten with two sticks.

Jam, or Jamshid

Name

Jam

The Hindu Pluto,

Jam'

of an ancient

King of
death,

Persia.

and judge of

departed souls.

total,

-bandi

dar
-dar-i

o-kharch

conjunction,

congregation,

assembly,

accumulation,

collection,

amount,

sum

whole, plural number.

Accounts, settlements of revenue.

native officer.
,/

Account of

//

the business

receipt

account current.

and

of.

disbursement,

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEBMS.

38

Jam (A

goblet: amirror)

Jam-Jiimshid

The mirror of Jamshid

saw

in which he

whatever he wished.

Jamani

Jambndip

One

Mahammadan.
of

the

seven

parts

of the world

(India.)

Jain-diya

candle or illumination, sacred to Jam,

lighted on the 13th of Kartik, EJrishn

paksh,

days

three

i.e.,

before

the

dewali.

Jan

Cp.)

mind,

Life, soul, spirit,

a sweetheart,

self,

dear beloved.
-a-afarln

Animator, creator

of

life

(an epithet of

life,

forgiver of a

God.)

bakhsh

Animating, bestowing
capital crime.

bar hakk taslim karna

bar bona
-ba-lab

To
To
At

expire, to give

up the ghost.

survive.

the point of expiring.

flshaii

Eeady

flsban-i

Very

to sacrifice one's life for another.

hard

extreme

devotion,

labour,

diligence.

-kah

Jan

Heart breaking,

reducing.

life

kandan

Gasping in the agonies

sitan

Life destroying (as poison or a snake, &e.

fh.)

An

Janab

ot death.

astrologer.

Majesty,

highness,

excellency.

(A

term

frequently applied to persons, not entitled

The

to the appellation, out of courtesy.

fact that certain

individuals, talukdars,

or holders of land under the Government,

were so addressed in the Nawabi times,

from the exaggerated style

common

to

the East, by no means implies that the

persons so adressed

were

entitled

from

their rank to the appellations.)

-l-'ali

Janam

Your
Birth,

(or his)
life.

blmm

Birfhplace

din

Birthdav.

Majesty or Excellency.

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Janam-jala

Burned

or

39

from

spoiled

its birth,

origi^

nally bad.

maran

Eternal death.

Jane'ii

The

Jangam

brahraanical thread.

kind of fakir who has matted hair

and rings a
Janinashtami

bell.

The eighth of Bhadra-Krishna-paksh,

the

birthday of Krishna.

Janmejai

The son and

Jann

Janub

The

Janun

Madness, a demoniac.

Janwasa

The

successor of Kaja Parikshit.

demon.
south.

place at the bride's house where the

bride-groom and his train are received.

Jarga

Surrounding of game by bodies of men.

Jashn

Jat

Caste, sect, tribe, class, race.

royal festival.

-pant

Jat

The name of

Jath

The

pedigree.

oil

presses the grain

placed

among Bajputs.

a tribe

of an

axis

or sugar-mill which
or

the

canes, a post

by Hindus in the centre of a

tank to mark

its

being dedicated to the

deity.

A moment

Jatra

(generally implying a fortunate

moment), pilgrimage, departure, march,

journey, procession, a festival.

Jatrl

.-

Jauhar or jnhar

pilgrim.

Applied
their

custom of Hindus killing

to the

wives

and

children,

and

then

committing suicide to prevent capture

by the enemy.

(Literally, a

gem, Jewel,

in a secondary sense, virtue, merit.)

Dower, a nuptial present.

Jautnk

Jawab

(answer)-naina. ...

writing fixed to the vrinding sheet,

on the breast of the deceased

perusal of

Munkir and

for the

Ifakir, in case

the poor soul should be too flurried to

answer their questions.

Jawana-marg

Deatli in the

bloom of youth.

GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TERMS.

40

A
A
A

Jehar

The name

jehar

A pile of pots

Jazam
Jeb
^-katrii

cloth over a carpet to sit on.

pocket.

pickpocket.
of an ornament, bracelets.

with water and placed

filled

one over the other in order to be carried

on the head.

ceremony preparatory to

marriage, in which pots filled with water

are piled over one another, the

crowned with a bowl of

by

watch

friends

the

whole

sliarbat,

it

is

and

during

the-

night.

Jel

or

string

of

line

chained

captives

of

string

together,

passed

buckets

over the Persian wheel.

Jhabba

Jhak

Passion, emotion.

Jhakkar

Jhakmarna

To

Jhalak
Jhalna
Jlian

.-,

tassel.

storm, tempest.
act fruitlessly or absurdly.

Brightness, glitter, reflection of light.

To fan, to move to and fro (as a

The sound of platters or of any
of metal

striking

fan).

vessels

against one another,,

the clash of arms in battle.

Jhanda

Jhari

Continuedrain,showers,storm,wetweather.

Jha

the rope on which people swing_

Jhun

A lake.
A swing,
A slight

.Thnt

False, a

lie.

Jhuta

Liar, false.

.Ihiitha

(Among Hindus)

Jhula

banner,

flag,

resemblance.

food and
Ji (a.)

Life,

ensign, streamer.

is

that which has touched

thereby defiled.

soul, spirit

(much used prefixed to

verbs, as jl-lena,
die,

Ji

(li-J

Yes,

sir,

names
biit,

to kill, ji-nikalna, to

&c., &c.)

the

added.

master,

it is

madam. Affixed

to sur-

equivalent to the English Mr.,

Arabic appellation,

sahib,

is

GLOSSAHY OF INDIAN TEBMS.

Jlbh

The tongue.

diibke bat

kahua

To speak with

reserve.

An instrument for cleaning tbe tongue, a bit..

Jibh-i
Jifa

Carcase, corpse.

Jigar

The

liver,

heart,

composition

coward

mind, courage, (used in

as, be-jigar,

without courage,.
heartbroken

jigar-afgar,

;.

jigar-sokhta, heart-inflamed, in love, &c.

Jigijigl

karna

To

fawn.

Jila

Splendour, lustre.

Jil

The note

tone in singing

or

or music,

opposite to the bass, the treble.

Jilwa

The meeting

of the bride and bridegroom

(in presence of the relations).

Jimar

Capital

(as

crime),

mortifying

one's

desires.

Jin

Jina

To

Jinnat

Genii.

deified saint of the heretical sects of

Jin and Bnddh.

Jira

live,

living.

Cumin-seed.

Jit

Winning, victory.

Jitiya

Hlndii

have

women wh

during which

fast,

children, in order to preserve

lost

the remainder sacrifice

to,

and worship

Devi,

Jiw or

ji'n

Life,

animated

soul,

lover.

Used

being,

animal,

as an interjection

Bravo

Jlwat

Living, victorious.

Jog

Penance, devotion, intense meditation.

Jog-i

Hindu

are

fakir.

caste of

HindHs who

commonly weavers. (The people of

this caste

do not burn, but bury their

dead; and

the

women

are

sometimes

buried alive with their husbands corpse).

Jotik. (Astrology) Jotiki.
Ju'ii

(dice,

Jfi'e-khana

Judliishtar

An

Astrologer.

gambling)-

A
An

gaming-house.
ancient

Sovereign

Eaja Panda

of India,

so

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

42

Jug

One

Juhar

Hindu

Juti (a shoe). JSti-kar-I.

Kab

cube.

square building, the temple of Mecca.

large dish for serving rice.

quilted garment, a jacket.

Eabala

deed, written

Kaba'il

Pamily, tribes.

EabUa

A
A

Kaba.

Sabin

periods.

Kh.
^

K.

A
A
A

Ka'b

Hindu

salutation, obeisance.

shoe-beating.

K.

Sa'ba, Ka'bat

of the four j;reat

agreement,

bill

of sale.

midwife.

marriage portion.

Kabir

Great, illustrious.

Kabir

Name

of a fakir, who had several followers,

called Kabir-panthl.

Eabis

An

Kabit

A sort of verse used

Kabiz

Seizing.

The angel of

u-l-arwah

Kabr
Kabr-istan

Kabr-Kan

earth for glazing.

'.

by the Hindus, poetry.

death.

A
A

burying ground.

grave-digger.

grave, a tomb.

Kabul

Consent.

Kabuliyat

Kabz
Sachahrl

A
A

Kachaurl

Kacbera

The name of

Kachli

H. (from

written agreement, acceptance, consent.

receipt, tax, tribute.
hall of justice,

dish

townhouse, court.

made of wheaten bread and

S.) dhoti, P. langothi, a cloth

round the waist,

legs

pulse.

a tribe.

passing between the

and fastened behind, worn by

Indians, even

all

by those who have adopted

European costume.
Kaclihi

Kachhwahii

gardener.
tribe

of

Rajputs,

claiming

descent

from Kus, the son of Rauiachaudr. The

llajas of Jaiuagar are of this

family.

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

'

K^ScliI

Kachpach

Crowd,

Kaclipach-iya

The

Kada

43

kind of milk soup.

close together.

pleiades.

place, house,

(Mai-Kada,. a house for

the sale of wine, &c.

Kadewar

Kadir

Potent, skilful.

(Al-)kadir

The Almighty.

KadKhuda

The

Kadn

Eash

tavern.)

gardener.

father of a family.

kind of instrument

for

cutting

and

cleaning pumpkins (Kadn).

*f

To

revolve.

tain

As a noun,

moun-

a fabulous

supposed to surround the world.

on the stone Sakhrat, an

It rests

entire

emerald, which covers the azure colour of

the sky. Also applied to

Kafan

shroud

Mount

Caucasus.

(coffin)

Kafara

Penitence, expiation for sin.

Kafcha

Kafn

Security, surety, bail.

spoon, the hood of a snake.

Kaflla

Kaflr

Infidel, impious, also as a

Kaflya

Ehyme,

body of

travellers, a caravan.

noun, a mistress.

cadence, metre, the last letter in

a verse, to which

all

the other distichs

rhyme.

Eafni

Kafsh

dress

worn by

shoe,

fakirs.

high-heeled

slipper

tipped

with iron.

Kafsh-doz

shoemaker.

Kaftan

robe of honour.

Kaf nr

Camphor.

Kagrhaz

Paper.

^-i

paper

manufacturer,

paper

case,

a stationer, a writer. Delicate, soft, thin.

-in

ke ghore
danrana.

kind of lime, made of paper.

Active correspondence.
.

To keep up

brisk correspondence.

likhwa lena ....

To

milaua

To examine

pakka

Stamped paper, thick

take a bond.
or cheek accounts.
stiff

paper.

GLOSSARY or

4-4

liS'DIAN

TERMS.

A written document,

Kaghaz patr
sa

Thin as paper.

siyah karua

To

scribble.

Kahawat

A
A
A

Kahin

Kahira

Victorious,

Kahua-wat

Kahwa

Coffee.

Kahani

Kahar

a deed.

tale,

story, fable.

palanquin-bearer.
proverb, adage.
soothsayer, magician, priest.

henee

the

Cairo,

city

of

victory.

dan

proverb, style.

Coffee-pot.

Kald

fetter,

Ka'id

leader, a general,

imprisonment.
star in the tail

the

of the lesser bear.

Ka"ida

Basis, rule, custom, institution, manners,.

Kailas

the rules of grammar.

mountain in Hindu mythology, fabled

be

to

the

Kuvera, and

of

residence

favourite haunt of Siva.

Kaiiiila

Ka'inat

The

Kainchi

Scissors,

Kaiwan

The planet Saturn.

Kajal

Lampblack used

Kajawa

Kajlanti

Iron snuffers used for the

siesla.

universe, creatures.

an oblique, or

St.

Andrew's

cross.

to paint the eyelids.

camel's saddle.

reception of

lampblack.

Kajra

Lampblack

Kaka
Kakahra

C-,

for staining the eye-lids.

Paternal uncle.

The

alphabet.

Kakna-i

An upper storey, a tower,

A ring worn on the wrist,

Kal

To-morrow, yesterday,

Kakh

fourth period of the

Kal-kii

admi

An

automaton, a

the

a palace.
bracelet.

name of

the

Hindus (Kali-jug.y

puppet (met) a very

weak person.
ghora

makal

Uneasiness,
a

well-trained horse.

lock.

trouble,

trap,

a machine,

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

45

Kiila

minute, the sixtieth part of a degree.

Kalam

word, speech, discourse.

Kalaiii

A
A

Ealain-band-i

Signature, signing an agreement.

Ealaudar

reed (Gr. Kalajxo;), a pen.

kind of monk, who deserts the world,

wife,

friends,

&c

and

about

travels

with shaven head and beard, the

fly

of

a tent.

Kalandar-i

kind of tent (having a

Kalas

dome,

Ealannji

The name of a medicinal

Kalawa

skein

fly to it.)

spire.

or

seed.

The band

of thread.

ball

round the elephant's neck

which the

in

driver fixes his feet.

Kaleja

The

Kalghi

Aigrette, plume.

Kali-jng

Name

liver,

courage.

Hindu periods

of one of the

fourth or

present

Mr. Bailly to

the

supposed by

period,

commenced 3102

have

years before Christ.

Kalisa

(fr.

G. ixxltjala).

Kalki

Christian church.

The tOth Hindu incarnation

in form of a

the

town

Braliman

of Sambal,

Vishim Sarma,

Kalma or

Eallina

& put to death

A word, speech,

in

come)

(to

be born

to

He

will ride

all

the wicked.

on

a horse

Mnhaminadan

the

in

the family of

con-

fession of faith.

Kalpa

A Shastra or sacred work,

a day and night

a sacred precept,

Brahma,

of

a period

of 432,000,000 years of mortals, measur-

ing the duration of the world, and as

many

the

interval

of

annihilation,

its

a destruction of the world.

name of

Kalyan

Welfare, happiness,

Kam

Desire, wish, intention,

Kag sung

at night.

cupid,

business,

occupation,
post-bag.

act,

the god of love,

action, affair,

employment,

packet,

use

mail,

46

Kam

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Deficient,

less,

seldom.

little,

words as a privative

before

(Placed

prefix), as

Eam-asbab-I, deficiency in goods, poverty,

Eam-bakht, unfortunate, Kam-zor, weak,

powerless, &c.

Kaman

bow.

Kaniand

scaling ladder

made of cord

used

by

thieves.

Kamandal

Waterpot used by ascetics and religious

Kaiuar

The

students.

the

loins,

waist,

girdle,

belt,

zone.

Kamarthi

person who carries

the use of such

Ganges water for

not able to go

are

as

to the sacred river.

Kamasnt

Kamis

A shirt. (Hence,

workman.

servant,

Tr. Chemise,

Camicia,

It.

Hind, and Beng. Kamij.)

Kam-khwab

Silk

Kamnd

worked with gold and

drug used in dyeing,

toria),

said

be

to

silver flowers.

(Rottlera tincpurgative

and

aphrodisiac.

Eamns

The ocean.

Name

Kanagat

or

Sraddha,

of an Arabic

religious

le.\.icon.

ceremony per-

formed daily by Hindiis during the dark

half of the

month Asin,

month when the moon

head

of Aries

(the sixth Hindii

is

fuU, near the

September)

in

honour

of deceased ancestors or pitris.

Eanaha

An

appointed

officer

by

Government to

value crops.

Kanaha'i

Valuation

of crops

of grain.

name

of Krishiia.

Kanaiya

The ceremony

Kanchan

caste

of boring the ears.

selling

strings,

who

catch

and

eat snakes.

Kandala

precipice,

cave,

the ghats, between

where
temple.

are

the

name

of a

place on

Bombay and Poona,

remains of a Buddhist

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEIIMS.

47

Kiindi

sentence of the Vedas,

Kandnri

linen (or

leather)

table-cloth,

feast

held in honour of Fatima, thephrophet's

No

daughter.

male

permitted to see

is

the preparation of the food, which

must

only be eaten by virtuous women.

Kangaa.

An ornament worn on

Kangnra

A pinnacle,

the

by

wrist

Hiudfi women.
turret,

plumes upon helmets,

ornaments on crowns.
Kanli

One of
to a

names of Erishua, applied

the

husband.

Kanhaiya

name

Eanira

A
A

caste generally arrow-makers.

Kanist

of Krishiia.

Christian

Jewish Synagogue,

church,

a temple of idolaters.

Kanit

Obedient to God.

Eaniz

A
A

Kanjar

female servant.
selling

caste,

strings,

who

and

catch

eat snakes.

Eaukalin

(From Eankal,

skeleton),

witch,

sorceress.

Eankau

Eant

Husband.

Eantha

bracelet.

band round the neck of jogis

to carry

things on.

Eanth-a

rosary of

beads,

made of

gold,

or

silver, or the earth of Earbala.

Eantiya

Ear

Business, profession, action, labour,

Eara

fishinn;-hook.
,

in composition, as Ear-bar-i,

a treader,

Ear khana,

worn on the

rina;

also

Earahi

&c

much used

flat

as adj

arch,

.-

a work-shop, &c.

wrists,
sly,

a bracelet,

cruel.

vessel (earthen- ware, iron, or brass)

for cooking.

Earaka

The crash made by breaking anything,

Earam-bhog

Hindu worship,

Earamblk

An

a rigid

fast.

alembic, a

devotion.
still.

48
Karainchari

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

An

revenue

collect the

iaf'erior officer to

from a certain division of a

village, the

village accountant.

Karbala

Name of the

place in Irak, where Hnsain,

son of 'All, was buried.

Karbi

The

of

stalk

jo'ar

sorgum and
Karclilii

Karda

Exchange,

bajra

or

(Holcus

spicatus).

spoon.

something

up

make

to

difference in price.

Karez

channel for irrigation, a subterranean

canal.

Kargali

Karhi

Pulse, dressed with sour milk.

Karhu'a

Loan, debt, premium.

wearer's shop.

Karim

Bountiful, an epithet of God.

Karinda

Laborious, a manager.

Kar'fliait

kind of

an

bard,

Indian

in

officer

armies to encourage the soldiers.

Kar-o-bar

transaction.

Karoh

Kos equivalent

Karor

Ten

Karora
KartaL

A
A

Kartar

Maker, Creator, Author.

Karti

A calf

to

about two miles.

millions.

tax-gatherer, overseer.

musical instrument.

which has died

near the mother to

Karii'a

An

Karu'a-chauth

Name
the

and placed

stuffed,

make her give

milk.

earthern pipkin.

Hindu

of a

celebrated in

holiday,

month Kartik,

Karnbi

KarHn

According

cherub.
to

Muhammadans, Eorab,

the

cousin of Moses, whose name, on account

of his riches and avarice,

is

proverbially

applied to misers.

Karj

A loan,

debt,

(Earzdena)

money borrowed

at interest.

to lend.

Kas

Kasb

Trade, profession, gain.

Kasbl

An

kind of grass of which rope

artisan.

is

made.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Kasam

An

Eashka

49

oath.

mark made by the Hindus on

the

forehead, (vide, tika).

To put

dena

-^-

Easiin

Kat

Kashka on the

the

forehead.

A. distributer.

Eharl

A species

of steatites with which children

learn to write, and also used to give a

polish to stucco.

Eanl

Saying, agreement, promise.

Kanl-nama
Kaul

EalMna

written agreement.

kind of song.

Kanm

Tribe, sect, family, nation.

Eanm-o-khwesh

Friends and relations.

Kauri

Eausar

The name of

small shell used as coin.

a

fountain

or

river

in

paradise.

Eawar

The
is

in

vessels

which the Ganges water

carried.

Eayath

Name

Eaza

Pate, death.

Eaza-e-mnbram

Inevitable fate.

Eaza-e-'umrl

fiepeating

Hindu

of a

caste.

make up

prayers to

for those

omitted in the former part of one's

kar or Kazara.

.....

By

life.

chance.

Eaza-o-kadr

Fate, predestination.

Ehabar

News, information,

intelligence,

report,

fame, account, care.

Careful, cautious, informed, an informer,

Eliabar-dar

a spy, scout, interj., have a care!

Take

care! frequently used, imperatively.

Caution, care.

-dar-i

Intelligence-giving.

diliinda
-gir

spy,

an informer,

also,

protector,

a patron.

Spying, informing, also aid, care, protection.

-gir-i

Report,

i-khizr-i

sudden news,

guessing

at

the

future, (derived from Ehizr, a prophet.)

karna, or -dena.
lena

To

inform, to give news.

To

take care of, to inquire into, to look

after.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEUMS.

50

Left-handed.

Khabba

Khadam

(plur, of

Kpdim)

Servants, retinue.

Concealment, a

Khaf a

Secret,

K^afl

secret.

writing,

opposed

to

small

or

fine

concealed,

(hand-

large, plain,

jali;

handwriting).

Khagina

Pried

Khair

Good,

eggs,

kind

of

dish

made of

n.,

goodness,

eggs.
best,

well,

adv.,

health, happiness.

andesh

friend, a well-wisher.

Alms, charity.

Khairat

khana

Alms-house.

Khairati

Intended for charitable purposes.

Khairtad

May

Khairiyat

Welfare.

Kbair-khTrah

Khairn-n-nisa

The best of women, Fatima.

Khak

Dust, earth.

he prosper

friend, a well-wisher.

chhanna

pit. to sift the dust) expresses excessive-

meu milua

To

sar

Thumble.

sari

Humility.

labour and exertion in fruitless search.

Khalaf

die, to perish.

successor,

an

heir,

favourite

son,.

posterity, adj., depraved, corrupted.

Khalafn-s-sidk

True or rightful

Khalari

The place in which

Khalifa

heir.

salt

is

boiled

(in

Bengal).
successor,

sovereign,

applied to the successors of

particularly

Mnbammad^

Hind,, a term applied to cooks,

.a

Khalik

The

Khalk

Creation, people, mankind.

Creator.

Khallak

The

Khalwat

Retirement,

Creator.
solitude,

private apartment

private conference.

-gnzm
I-rSg'

tailors,,

monitor in a school.

Adj., recluse, a hermit.

Soft music.

GLOSSABY OP INDIAN TET.MS.

Kliani

Kham
Khama

Raw,

pillar.

Ehamach

vain.

pen, a writing reed.

Name

of a raglnl.

Khambh

A
A

Kham-tab'

Ifoolish, dull.

Khama-dan

Khan
Khan
Khana
Khana abad

51

pen-case.
pillar.

Lord, prince.

mine.

House, dwelling, room.

A
A
A

-ba-dosh
^-i-zanjir

may your house

benediction,

prison, or mad-house.

Khanjari

small tambourin, a timbrel.

Khankah
Khappar

A
A

monastery.
chafing dish,

Jogis,
ol'

the

an earthen cup used by

vessel

which the blood

in

a victim is offered.

A currycomb.
A Mnhammadan

Kharahra
Kharij-i

flourish

pilgrim, a rover.

ognise 'All as

who do not

sect,

legal successor

rec-

of the

prophet.

An

Kharita

embroidered packet (according to the

dignity of the receiver) in which letters

are sent.

Kharpa
Kharra

'

sandal.

The rough

draft

of

letter,

or

other

writing.

The name

Khas

odour,

of a grass, emitting a pleasant

when

wetted, of which tattis (or

screens for doors during the hot weatlier,

to

keep the rooms cool) are made.

Khasra

A
A

Khass

Excellent, noble,

Khashkhash

poppy, poppy-seed.
daybook, waste-book, field-book, rough

drawings, a kind of eruptive disease.

pure,

unmixed, partic-

ular, private.

mahal

The apartments of married women

opposition to Khurd-mahal).

'amm

Noble and plebeian.

(in

GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TERMS.

52
Ehatal

Springtide.

Khatir

The

choice.

-aznrda

Melancholj', dejeqted, sad.

-dar-i

Encouragement, comfort,

-dasfat

Complaisance, regard.

karna

men

lana

To
To

memory,

inclination^

soul,

heart,

will,

satisfaction.

fondle, to encourage, to comfort.

regard, to attend to.

-men rakhna

Imprinted on the memory.

-nishan

To remember.

Ehatiya

Ehatri

One

bedstead, a bier.

of

the

Hindu

four

the

castes,

military.

Khat

shastr

or Ehat or

shat-darshan

The

philosophical

six

Hindus
1.
2.

of

the

Nyaya, Logic, taught by Gotaiua.

Taisheshika, taught by Eanada.
agrees

and
3.

sciences

viz;

It

nyaya in some points

with

differs in others.

Mimansa,
consists

by

taught

Jaiiuanl.

It

of rules for the construction

and right interpretation of the Yedas.

4.

Tedanta, taught by

Vyasadeya,

the

Eapila.

The

science of theology.
5.

Sankhya,

creator,

from
6.

by

taught

followers of this

sect disbelieve in a

saying that

the

universe

is

all eternity.

Patanjal, introduced by Sheslianaga.

It agrees in every point

except that

it

with Sankliya,

makes God

to

be the

creator.

Ehattik

hunter, one

selling

SljawSss

(Plur.)

who

Attendants,

ministers of state,

o-'awiSmm

Khayarl

Ehazan or Ehlzan

lives

by killing and

game.
domestics,

grandees,

properties, qualities.

Nobles and plebeians.

kind of

violet.

\uturan, the falling of the leaves.

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Khazaua or Khizana

A treasury,

53

magazine, granary, the chamber

of a gun, treasure.

Khazana'e 'amira

The

Khazanchi

Kheda

The

royal treasury.

treasurer.

trap or enclosure in which elephants

are caught.

Kliedna

To run

Khela

A
A

Khep

pursue, to persecute.

after, to

playful, foolish girl.

voyage,

trip,

of base metal

piece

inserted in coin, or cracked coin, a term

something added to a sum.

in algebra,

harna

To

sustain a loss.

Khepa

An

Khera

Kheri or Klierki

kind of iron,

Khet

field,

Kheti

idiot,

madman.

village.

or steel

made

in India.

a field of battle, a holy place.

Husbandry, crop, arable.

har

peasant, a husbandman.

Khewa

Fare, ferry-money, price of passage in a

Khichrl

boat, crossing over a river.

made

dish

of pulse

together (to

this

and

boiled

rice

Mussalmans add meat

shredded).
It has

viz;

also

earnest

the
to

gaged for an

following meanings,

women, en-

dancing

mixed

entertainment,

heap of gold and

silver coin, a

mixture of two

languages,

barbarous
flower

the

of the Iber tree (Zizyphns jnjuba.)

Kljil'at

robe of dignity conferred by princes

on their subjects.

Khiran

Kho'a

Plaster, coarse brick-dust, milk, inspissated

Khobar

A
A

black ring painted on a tambourin.

by boiling.

Khokha

hogsty.
boy, a

of exchange,

bill

of which has
the hand

of

been paid,

the

amount

remaining in

him who has paid

it,

by

way of voucher.
Khonchi

trifle

paid

by those who draw water

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

54

at a well to the bhishti for the use of

his bucket.

The

Khonpa

hair braided

or tied

up on

the top

of the head.

Khonta

bad

Deficient, adulterated,

(as coin), false,

deceitful, also, a tent-pin, a peg, a nail,

a thorn, protection.

Khor

An

Khn or Kho
Khub

Habit, custom, disposition, nature.

alley, the

Good,

rage or curse of a god.

excellent, well, beautiful, pleasing,

amiable.

snrat

Beautiful (face, form).

Khnd

Self.

Khnd-ba-danlat

Your worship.

Sir

His Majesty, &c.,

(much used in composition).

khud

Of

thine, his, &c., accord.

Khuda

God.

Khnmra

A.

small mat of palm leaves for kneeling

on

smaU drum

at prayers, also a

carried

by beggars.

Ehnrfa

To pluck

fruit

from a

to strip off

tree,

honours, or decorations.

Khnrpa

An instrument for

Ehntba

sermon

scraping grass for horses.

after the service in the

mosque

on Friday, in which the preacher blesses

Muhammad,

successors,

his

and

the

reigning sovereign.

Khwaja

A man

(Khwaja Khijr)

The name of a prophet

of distinction, a rich man.

nation,

and who

the water of

is

life

skilled in divi-

said to have discovered

hence, he

dans

offer

oblations

on

flowers, &c.,

placed

launched on

the river,

Thursday

evening

BliSdou and

Kibla

him

to

in

of lamps,

particularly

the

in

his
q.v.

is

considered

little rafts

the feast of the bera,

it

is

The Muhamma-

as the saint of waters.

and
on

month of

honour that
is

held.

Anything opposite, the direction of one

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

praying,

Mecca,

hence

address,

signifies

it

55
as

Worship

form,

of

Father

Kibla-numa

The Kibla of the world, your Majesty

Showing the direction of Mecca, the

Kil

Word, speech.

mariner's compass.

Eil-o-Eal

Conversation, controversy.

Kll'a

Kima
Klmar

Minced meat.

fort.

Dice, or any

baz

Kimat

game of

hazard.

gambler.

Price, value.

Kimiya

(x^fiia)

-karna

Alchymy, chymistry.

To do anything with

to

work

Kina

Malice, spite, rancour, hatred.

Kinar or Eanar

Bosom, embrace,

Kinar khainchna

To

Kinara

_
prop. Kanara..

rfliracles.

margin, edge.

side,

give up, to quit, to leave.

,.
.,
Side, margin, part, limit
.

Einara

karna

kash

To

abstain, to refrain.

Withdrawing.

Einare

side.

Eingri

kind of

Einkini.

Bells, tinkling ornaments.

Eir

Pitch.

fiddle.

Eiran

Conjunction of the planets.

Eirat

seed of the Abrns precatorions, used

as a weight, a

Eiraya

Hire, fare, rent.

Eu'Iyadar

Eirdigar

God

the twenty-fourth

carat,

part of an ounce

four barley-corns.

tenant.

the Creator.

Eirmiz

Crimson

Eisan

Farpaer, ploughman.

Eisas

The law of

Eisbat

The

(the origin of the word).

case

retaliation.

(or

bag)

in

which

barbers,

surgeons, &c., keep their tools, a piece

of leather

man on

worn by a bihishti or water-

his left hip,

on which he

the bag containing water.

rests

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

56

Kisbat-nama

histories of bar-

book containing the

bers, surgeons,

and directions for

&c.,

Mhishtis also have-

the

practice,

their

such a book.

Kishan

See Krishna.

Kishmish

Eaisins or currants.

'

Kishuiz

Coriander. (Coriandrum SatiTum).

Kisht

Kisht-kar

An

Kishti

Kishti-ban

The master

Eismat

Fate, fortune,

Kisna'i

Husbandry,' agriculture.

Kisra

Name

sown

field.

agriculturist.

ship, bark, boat.

of a

Kings of

-khwan

A
A

kotah

In

Kissa faj

karna

of

vessel.

'

King,

Persian

to-

taxes

by

a story, a narration.

tale,

sliort,

'

in one word.

settle a dispute.

Kissa (in met. Hind.)....

Kist

Portion, instalment, tax.

band!

applied'

Persia.

storyteller.

To

a-

quarrel, a dispute;

Settlement of the revenues

or

instalment.

Kitab

Kitmir

Pellicle

book, scripture.

of a

date

stone,

name

dog that accompanied the seven

Kiyamat

The general

Kiyas

Judgment, opinion.

Kiyasat

of the
steepers..

resurrection.

Ingenuity, vivacity, cunning.

SaMb-Kiyasat ....

Koba

Ingenious, sagacious.

wooden instrument

or

kankar

on

make them

beatiuff

mud

terraces

to

level.

Kobi

Ko'eri

Husbandmen,

cabbage.

profession

Kokii

A
A

KoITi

One

Kor

A new

Koft-gar

for

rooms and

is

Hindii

caste

whose

husbandry.

gilder.

foster brother.

of the caste of oilmen.

rope of fine cotton, facing of a dressv

5T

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

chl

Kor khana

An

Kori

Kor

Korma

keeper of an armoury, a wardrobe.

armoury, a wardrobe.

dish of meat, rice, &c.

Kosh

A
A

Kotha.

An

Kos

KothT

measure of about 2 miles.

Kot-wali- chabiitara

apartment, a house of bricks.

small house (of bricks or stone) ware-

The

and,

where

generally,

business-

transacted.

is
.'.

dictionary.

house,

Kotwal. .............

score.

chief officer of police in a town.

or

place

for

hall

the

office

of

Kotwal.

Kridaut

Name

Krishn or Krishna

Black, dark blue,

tion.

of a treatise on syntax.

The most

name

of a

Vishnu himself,

distinct-

avatSrs or incarnations.

younger

Hindu incarna-

celebrated form of Vishim,.

brother

of

from the ten

He

was the

the -third

Rama

(Balarama). His parents were Vasudeva

and DcTaki : but he was brought up in

the

house of Nanda and Tashoda, to

Eansa whose

conceal him from the tyrant

death from a child so born was predicted.

He

passed his youth

among

the gopals

and gopis. Like the infant Hercules he

vanquished a serpentKaliya and slew

many monsters and

to death,

protected

kindled the war

habharata.

Hindus,

giants.

He

and

is

He

YudhishtMra, and

described
is

put Kansa

the

the

in

Ma-

Apollo of the

supposed

by Colonel

"Wilford to have lived about 1300 years

before Christ.

Kriya

An

Ku

act,

obsequies.

street.

Kn-ba-ku

Street by street, in every street.

Ku'ii

well, angle

of the eye, a slice of the

jack fruit, cocoon of the silk

Kubba

vault, arch,

dome.

worm.

OP INDIAN TERMS.

GLOSSAR'Sr

5,8

Kucha

Kndrat

Power, authority, omnipotence.

Kuds

Holiness, the angel Gabriel,

Kufu

Tribe, family, caste.

street, or lane.

Jerusalem.

KiikrI

Maize, Indian corn.

Kul

Reading of the sura or chapter of the

Enr'an, entitled Kul hnwa-1-lah, which
done,

is

fruits

by way of benediction, over

and sweetmeats presented

to the

guests, at the conclusion of the annual

commemoration

religious feasts" held in

of ancestors and other relations. Hence

the term signifies conclusion.

Kul

Family, pedigree, race.

-deTi

The goddess of

a family.

Enlal

potter.

Kalba

house, cottage.

Knlhra

An

Kull

Knlicha

A
A

Kulin-a'-i

Eespectability of descent, nobility.

Kulknllan

Enl-puj

The

earthen vessel to drink out

of.

slave, labourer, porter, a cooley.

kind of bread.

house-steward.
object of family worship, the family

priest.

Eumanclih

Kumash

Breeding, manners.

Kumbh
Knmhar
Kumkuma

A
A

potter.

To

hold,

kind of bread.

water-pot, Aq^narius.

vessel

(in

Hind.) in which

the red mixture which they throw at the

holi is contained.

Kuncli

little

black and red

seed used as a

weight by goldsmiths.

Kundii

Kundi

A
A

vessel for kneading bread in, a platter.

vessel

which

in

snuff,

bhang,

ikc.

are ground.

Kunut

From Kanat

to

be obedient to

devotion, piety.

Kuiiwar
Kuiiwara

A
A

boy, the son of a Raja.

prince, heir apparent.

God

aiOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

59

Kuiwari

Virgin

Kur'a
Kni'bau

A wager.
A sacrifice,

Kurban-gah

An

Kurki

Confi^scated.

Knrki partrana

sequestration warrant.

Knrm

tortoise,

fit

for marriage, a princess.

Koqav-N.T.

victini, oblation,

altar.

turtle,

the

name

of

the

second Hindu incarnation.

Snrma

Tribe, caste, family.

Knrs

An

orb,

(pellet

of

paste),

the disk

of

the sun or moon.

Eiirsl

chair,

stool,

the

eighth

heaven,

or,

according to some, the ninth, the throne

of

name

God,

of

place,

14 miles

from Lakhnan, the inhabitants of which

are

said

to

be

mad,

hence Eursi

is

proverbially used in that sense.

Kurta

Kuru

Name

shirt.

of

an ancient sovereign of Dehli

and the country around.

Knsh

The sacred

grass

of the Hindus, (Poa-

cynosuroides.)

Eushk

Kusiif

Ensum

An eclipse of the sun.

A flower from which a red dye is extracted.

Eusur

Fractions in Arithmetic.

Eut
Entak
Entb

Eutir

Eutnm

Kin, family, tribe, caste.

Euver

The god of

Enza

An

palace.

The base of

a right-angled triangle.

club, a pestle for grinding

The

bhang.

axis of a mill stone, the polar star,

the north pole.

hut.

riches.

earthen pot for water.

L.
A

La

negative or privative

particle used in

composition as a prefix.

char

Helpless, without remedy.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

CO

Difficult, abstruse

La-hall

Unproductive, profitless.

-hasil

wa

hanl

la

kBwata
There

M-l-lahi

ilia

God,

not admitting of solution.

no power nor virtue

is

Without a

-dil

ghakk

but in

no striving against

i.e there is

fate.

heart, heartless.

Doubtless.

-waris
-yazal
-zawal.

Without

heir.

Eternal, that ceases not.

imperishable.

Lab

Lip.

kha

Fastidious, fretful, a prig.

o-lahja

Conversation.

rez

Brimful, overflowing.

Laba

Labe

Eidicule, irony, jest, flattery.

Labeda

Labera

Name

Labi

The

supplication, request.

club.

of a

(Coadla myxa).

fruit.

juice of the sugar-cane

when

boiling

into sugar.

Lachchhan

A
A

Lachmi

Sign,

Lachar

a tattler, left-handed.

liar,

foolish fellow, a simpleton.

the

mark, the goddess

daughter of the

of Vishnu,

she

Kamala and
the

Ceres

and wife

called

Fadma,

and corresponds with

Sri,

of

also

is

of abundance,

ocean,

Latins,

the

prosperity,

wealth.

Lachua

To bend.

Lad

Lad phana

Loading and packing.

Ladan CGr. Addavov.)..

load.

Ladanum,

substance exuding

resinous

from the leaves and

branches

of the

Cistus creticus.

Laf
Lafz

Lag

Liifzan

Boasting, vanity.

Striking,

fixing,

stroke,

cour, spite, aifection,

iture, a secret,

Lagaiu

boaster.

word, saying.

bridle,

a bit.

enmity, ran-

love, cost,

approach.

expend-

GLOSSARY or i;<DIAN TERMS.

Lag^an

moment,

the

6-1

of a sign of the

rising

zodiac, aifection, friendship, love,espousal,

appointing the

day

of marriage, a

flat

dish.

Lagana

To

apply, to

shut, to

add,

fasten,

to

impute (anything

to

fix,

to

to a person),

to report scandal, maliciously.

bnjhana

To

excite quarrels.

Laga'o

Series, adherence, intercourse.

Lagawat

Connection, application.

Lag-gi

Lag lagna
Lah

To

pole, a staff.
fall

in love.

kind of cloth resembling gauze.

Advantage, welfare,

lac.

Lahab

Flame, plying or ascending

(as dust).

Lahad

sepulchre in

niche in the

of a

side

which dead bodies are deposited,

also,

in Hindustan, the place where the dead

are washed.

Lahak

Glitter.

Lahakna

To

glitter, to shine,

to

wave

(as

herbage

before the wind).

Lahar

wave, whim,

fancy,

the effect of the

vision,

emotion,

poison of a snake, a

waving (pattern in embroidery).

Laharna

To wave,

Lahbar

Lahbera

Name

Labkauwar

Kice-milk eaten by bride and bridegroom.

Lahlaha

Blooming, flourishing.

Lahlaha-na

To bloom,

Lahn

Lahna

To

to undulate.

kind of parroquet.
of a plant.

to flourish.

sound, a note, melody, modulation.

answer, to signify,

to

find,

to expe-

rience, outstanding debt, fate, destiny.

Lahra

Quaver, shake,

Lahrana

To

tantalize, to

trill

put

Lahsan

Garlic, a freckle.

Lahsaniya

Name

Lahn (Lohu)

Blood.

Lahu'a

Name

(in music).
off,

to undulate.

of a precious stone.

of a plant.

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

62
Lai

symphony,

sound, tone, melody,

Voice,

immersion, absorption.

ardent affection,

mixed with sugar.

La'i

Parched

La'ik

Worthy, proper,

Laila or Laill

Name of the

rice

suitable, able, capable,

fit,

qualified, adaptei.

(the

celebrated mistress of

name of a

Majnnn

lover

celebrated

whose

amours with Laila are the subject of a

poem by Mzami).
Laj

Bashfulness, modesty, shame.

Lajajat

Importunity, adulation.

Lajain

The name of a

sensitive plant,

(Mimosa

natans or pndica), bashful.

Lfijana

To be ashamed

L^award

A.zure, lapis laznli.

Lajlaj

Said to be the

Lajlajana

To

Lak

Lakab

or abashed, to blush.

name of the inventor of

chess.
soften.

kneading trough, a

surname

title,

tortoise.

(either

honorable

or

opprobrious.)

Gum

Lakh

lac,

a kind

of

wax formed by the

Coccus lacca, a hundred thousand.

To

lagrana

Lakhanta

karna
Lakhpati

shut up or conceal.

Besmeared with

(from

To smear with

lac.

lac,

to glaze.

lakh,

hundred thousand, and

pati, master, owner).

Rich.

Lakk-o-dakk

Desert, waste, dreary.

Laklaka

stork, the voice of,

a continual motion

of the jaw or of the tongue

eloquence, pronunciation.

Lai

An

Lala

A
A

Laila

Lalii

(h.)

infant boy, a son.

boy.
tulip.

Sir, master, a schoolmaster.

Lali

A
A

Liil-T

Redness.

Lala (f.)

slave.
girl,

impotent.

(in serpents),

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Lal-ri

Lalsa

Desire, view.

Lam

63

kind of ruby, also a counterfeit ruby.

ringlet (the letter L,

so called, being

curled), crooked curled.

Kaf kahua

To

Lamba

abuse, to give abuse.

Long,

tarna

To

Lam-chhar

Lana

To

Landnra

tall.

lengthen, to beat.

long musket.
bring, to breed, produce, make.

applied

Tailless,

'

to

without

person

friends.

An

Langar

anchor, a stay or rope for supporting-

a tent, an alms-house.

par bona

To be

nthfita

To weigh

at anchor.

anchor, to feed the poor.

Langhan

Fast, fasting.

Langot, langota, laugot-i.

A cloth

worn by Indians passing between

bound round

the legs, and

A bandage

band,

one devoted

is

fastened,

to celibacy.

Langotiya-yar

An

Langra

Lame.

Langra'i

Worthlessness.

old

the waist.

which the above

to

friend

from

childhood,

very

intimate friend.

Langra-na

To

limp.

.A

LangrT

large

shallow

pan,

made

of

metal,.

and generally used to knead bread

A
A

Langncha

Langur
La'o la'o

Lap

n.

sausage.

baboon.

Oovetousness.
~.

handful, the space in the palm of the

hand closed

so as to hold water. Indians,

generally form a hollow

by joining the

palms of both hands for the purpose

of

holding water

or

other

liquid

to

drink.

Lapak

flash

of lightning,

the

spring

of

tiger or other wild beast.

Lapakna

To

flash (as lightning), to spring or

upon, to attack.

rush

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

64

Lapet

fold, a ply,

envelope,

bandage,

jtwist,

fillet.

Lapetan
Lapet-jhapet or -sapet

Evasion, subterfuge.
...

on which cloth

roller

is

wound on

the

loom, a button.

Lapetna

To wrap

Lapet-wan

Twisted, ornamented with gold or silver

Laphna

To jump.

Lapka

Nimbleness, a bad- custom or habit.

up, to fold, to pack, to spread.

wound round

thread

it.

Lapki

Lappa

Brocade, gold or silver cloth.

stitch.

Lar

Caress, play, sport.

Laiia

Darling, dear.

Lasa

Anything claminy or glutinous, the milk

of plants.

Lasha

I
\

dead body, corpse.

Lashkar

An

gah
Lashkar kash-i
Lashkar khalas

A
A

Lat fa J

Name of an

Lashkar

army.

camp.

Raising of forces.
trull.

idol worshipped by the

pagan

Arabians.

Lat C/iJ
Lat

Cs.J

Bad habits, whim.

The hanging^ branch

Lat (hj

Tangled

of a creeper.

hair.

Lat (hj

Lat (h.J

Dirty cloth (soiled by keeping).

Lata

Lata

Reduced by

Lata

A kind of food

kick.

creeper, a vine.

sickness, emaciated, lean.

eaten by the poor, (Mahu'a

pounded with
from the leaves

grain,

or

MahS'a

is

a tree

flower of which an

intoxicating liquor is distilled).

Lathi

A staif,

club, stick. (These sticks, generally

of the he-bamboo and bound round with

iron

or

weapons,
fights,

brass

they

rings,

are

make formidable

frequently

and zamindars arm

used in

their followers

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

65

with them as weapons

both of offence

and defence.)
lathi pathi

Beating with lathis.

Lat jana

To become

latka

Incantation,

entangled.

conjuring

rod.

philter,

a quack medicine.

Lat khora

Kicked,

mean, a

comtemptible,

beaten,

slave, a threshold.

An

Lat, lath

obelisk, a pillar, a club or

an

vertical part of

Lat-inardan meii parna..

To be trampled under

marua
Lan

To kick.
The flame

Lauh'

Lau lagana

To be

the

foot, or disgraced.

of a candle, any pointed flame.

plank, a table, a board (especially on

which anything

lagui

staff",

oil-mill.

is

written).

constant in prayer and devotion.

The frequent and long continued

of any saying

man

calling

(particularly

on God,

his mistress), to

repetition

of a dying

of a lover on

or

have a constant desire

or craving for anything.

Lauh-o-kalam

The

Lawahik

Servants, domestics, followers, family.

Lawazima

Eequisites, baggage.

tablet

and pen on, and with, which

the decrees of the Deity are .written.

Lehna

Pasture, provender.

Le'i

Paste.

Le-jana

To

take

away,

to

run away

to

carry,

with, to submit, to win.

Lekha

Account, reckoning.

Lekhak

Le-Iena

To

writer, accountant.
take,

receive,

accept

of,

to

take by

force, to extort.

Le-lnt

Borrowing and never paying.

Lena

To

Leu-den

Traffic,

take, accept, receive, buy,

win.

trade, barter.

Lew

Plaster falling from a wall.

Lewar

Mud

Likha

Fate,

to plaster a wall with.

,

predestination,

destiny,

writing,

written.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

66

The wages

Likha'i

the

of writing,

of

labour

writing, the art or business of writing.

Likhna

To

Likhnl

A
A

das

write.

pen.
writer, amanuensis, copyist.

Membrum

Ling

virile,

the

emblem of Maha-

deva, and an object of worship.

Loban

Lobh

Avarice, temptation.

Name
Name

Lodha
Lodi

kind of gum, incense, benzoin.

Log

of a tribe, a husbandman.
of a caste of Pathans.

People.

Loga'i

Woman.

Loha

Iron.

Lohani

Name

Loh-ar

Lok

People,

of a caste of Pathans.

blacksmith.
a

world,

country.

region,

(The-

Uindiis divide the Universe into three-

Swarg-lok,

the-

Mart-lok,

the

earth,

the-

region under the sun.

III.

Fatal, the

loks or regions, viz.

Heaven.

II.

I.

region under the earth.

Lokalok

chain of mountains

surrounding the

world.

Lok-paL

Supporter or

of

cherisher

world or

people, a king.

-rachclihas

demon. (The

spirit

of a wicked man,

converted into a demon.

Lom

Hair, the base of a triangle.

Lon

Salt.

Lona

Salt,

Lon-a

Name

Lon-ar

Salt lands, a salt-pit.

Lonmirch lagana

To

brackish.

of a fruit.

(Annona reticnlata).

speak hyperbolically or in high-flowa

language.

Lop

Disappearance, vanished.

Lor, Lol

Tear, tears.

Lorha

stone pestle.

pot, pipkin

Lota

an

(made generally of brass^

article indispensable to

Hindus).

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

A
A

Loth
Lotha

Lnch

67

corpse.

bag, sack.

Pure, mere, naked.

Luchcha

A
A

Luchpan

Libertinism, rakishness.

Luchra

Lughat

Tongue, speech,

bahadnr

vagabond.
vagabond, libertine, rake.

spider.
dialect, language, a

word,

a dictionaiy.

Lngho

Preposterous, contemptible, absurd, false.

Lnghz or Ingharz

Any ambiguous

phrase,

an

enigma,

riddle.

Luh, Lnk

hot wind, which has often a very per-

nicious effect on persons exposed to

its

influence.

Lnk

A
A

Lnkna

To

Luknat

Lisp, stammer, stuttering.

Luhangi

Lut

armed with

stafl'

iron.

falling star.
lie hid,

to

be concealed.

Plunder.

baz

khut

Plundering and ravaging.

pat

Plunderer and sacking.

Liitna

plunderer, murderer.

To plunder.

M.
Ma

Ma'ab

Place of return, receptacle, repository.

Ma"abid

Places of worship.

mother.

Ma'ad

Place or return, resurrection, the life to come.

M;a"adin

Mines.

Jia'al

End, aim, termination.

khair

Ma"ani

happy

issue.

Mystical,

elegant meanings,

elegance of

language.

(Carthamns tinctorins).

Ma"a9far

Safflower,

Mabadi

Beginnings, origins.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

68

jjggjj^

bedstead or

large

on which persons
from

x._

frame

away

birds

platform,
drive

sit to

corn-fields.

who never

lazy person

from his

stirs

bed, a Rajput soldier, naturally indolent

and addicted to opium, but active and

when

brave

Machchh

roused.

name of

the

fish,

-A.

the

avatar,

first

when Tishnn appeared

incarnation,

or

in the shape of the small

to Satyavrata,

saphari,

fish,

Hayagriva,

or

lo

him of the general deluge, and

him

to place the four

warn
desire

Vedas in the boat

which he (Tishnn) would preserve. The

was

fish

taken up

first

in his hands

when

by Hayagriva
being then

bathing,

of the size of a PSthi; but

it

grew too

large to be contained in a tank or river,

and

was

carried

afterwards,
its

to

the

supported

it

sea

the

where,

ark

with

Satyavrata lived about 3000

horn.

years before Christ.

Xachchhar
ki jhnl ka chor

A
A

musquito, a gnat.
petty pilferer.

Machchhi

(h.)

kiss.

Machchhi

(a.)

fish (for

Machhll

Machiya

A
A

machhli.)

fish.

stool, a chair.

Mad
Mada

Female, a female.

Madad

Assistance, help, succour.

Pride, wine, spirits.

gar
-gar-I

khwah
^^dan

An

ally,

protector.

Assistance.

One who
Love,

name of
'^^^^^

asks assistance.

lust,

name of Kamadeva,

qx.,

a medicinal plaiit, Datura.

A circumference,

a centre, a station, a seat,

a place of turning to or returjving from.

Madari

^''^'"^'y

Steps, degrees, ascents, ways.

juggler.

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

Madarij-i-kar

manager of business, name of a

chief

celebrated

Madda
Tjj

E^^'^iision,
to

69

Mnsalman
a

lengthen

saint.

mark

its

placed

sound,

it

over

to

produces sounds

J
'

of other vowels to the following syllable.

Madda

Maddiih

An

Maddi

Material.

Maddi-yat

Substantialness.

Madd-o-jazr

Tide, the flux and reflux of the sea.

Madfan

Madh

Praise,

Madlia

matter, subject, article,

clause.

aifair,

encomiast, panegyrist.

tomb, a burying-place.

commendation.

place

for

reception

the

of the bride

and bridegroom.

Madh-khwan
Madh-mas
Madhmata

Middle of the month.

Madlio or Madhava

Madhn-ban
-pur
puri

Madhnkar
MadhnkrI

bard, eulogist.

Intoxicated, drunk.

name

of Krishna or Tishnu.

Names of Mathnra,

the

birth-place

of

Krishna.

'

A bee, name of Ddhav, a relation of Krishna.

A kind of bread baked on live coals
(charcoal) eaten

by fakirs,

victuals given

in alms to pilgrims.

Madhu-mat

Name

Madhn-sndan

Madid

Long, extensive.

of a ragini or musical mode.

name of Krishna, who slew

demon

named Madhn.
Mafarr

Mafasid

Evils.

Mafasil

Joints.

place of refuge.

Mafhnm

Comprehended, understood.

Mafluj

Paralytic.

Maflnk

Indigent, distressed, unfortunate.

Mafruh

Glad

Mafruk

Separated, divided.

Mafruz

Eequisite as a sacred duty, indispensable.

Magadh

Name

tidings.

(jraya,

of a country, including

&c.

Patna and

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

70

Magau
Magana

To send

Maganta

Transport, delight.

Magar

An

(s.)

Magas
ran

Delighted, glad.

A
A

for.

alligator.

a kind of Indian corn.

fly,

fly-flap.

Magh

Name

Maghflrat

Absolution, remission..

Maghrab, Maghrib

The

Maha

Great, illustrious, very, extremely.

Maliabat

Majesty, greatness, reverence, fear, awe.

Maha-bharat

One

Hindu month.

of the 10th

west, sunset.

of the

other, the

two great Hindu

epics, (the

Bainayan, composed by Val-

nilki; contains the history of

Kama)

signifying the great war of the descend-

ants of Bharat

(Kama's brother)

and

by Vyasadeva,

written

wars

account of the

was

gives

an

the Pandavss

of

and the Kauravas.

-braliman

A Brahman
and

is

who

funerals,

mourning

fed after the

first

at

officiates

for

a dead person.

MahadeT

Maha-dol

name of

Hindu

Siva, one of the gods in the

trinity.

and splendid

large

of sedan or

sort

palki.

Xaha-jan

A banker,

money-dealer, merchant, a good

or trustworthy person.

Maha-korh

A species

of leprosy in

most malignant

its

form.

Mahal

Formidable, dreadful (places).

Mahall

A place,

house, building, seraglio, station,

time, opportunity, occasion.

-i-mujra

The

place

of

obeisance,

clearance

of

accounts.

Maha-maus

Human

flesh

(one

wlio

takes

money on

giving his daughter in marriage,

to sell maliiimaiis,

mari
Malitimm

human

is

said

flesh.)

Plague, pestilence, any epidemic.

Serious aftairs,

an important transaction.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Mahant

71
a

superior,

religious

chief of fakirs,

head priest of a temple who has

the

charge of the treasury.

Maha-pap

Atrocity, great sin.

Maha-prasad

The meat which

(especially to

to the deity

offered

is

Jagannath) and afterwards

distributed.

Mahar

Eeins, a bridle, a piece of wood put through

Maharaj

Great king, excellency, used by inferiors

the nostril of a camel to guide

form

as

Brahmans

Maha

raja

of

address

to

him by.

superiors,

are so addressed.

Originally the supreme king,

now

gener-

ally applied to quasi-independent princes

in India.

A food

Mahela
Mailer

Maherl

Name

given to horses, a mash of beans.

of a

consisting

dish^

of rice or

other grain, boiled in sour milk.

Mahes

Mahl

The

name of Maliadeva,
earth,

MaM-pat, lord of the

earth,

a king.

Mahi
-dandan

A
A

iish.

fish's

of which

tooth

hilts

of swords

are made.

gir

A
A

maratib

Certain honours,

farosli

fishmonger.
fisherman, an otter.

especially

is

of which the privilege

conferred on princes and

they are denoted by the

great nobles,

figure of a fish, with other insignia (two

balls), carried as

Mah-iyana

Monthly

Mahochha

A
A

Jiahr

ensigns upon elephants.

salary.

funeral feast-among fakirs.

portion or gift settled

upon the wife

before marriage.
jjtahra

palki-bearer (malirai denotes his occu

pation,

and

is

also

applied to a song

among cowherds.)
Mahu'a

Name of
the

a tree from the flowers of which

common

spirituous

liquor used by

GLOSSABY OP INDIAN TERMS.

72

Indians
di-med

distilled,

is

the distilleries are-

out by the Government to the

ighest bidder.

Ma'i

Mother.

](ai

Wine, spirituous liquor.

khwar
iisham

A.

wine-drinker.

farosh

vintner.

tavern.

wine-bibber, a sot.

kada

khana

>
)

'-

Pure wine.

-nab.

l[ai-uosh-i

Wine-drinking.

Maila

Dirty, defiled.

Maimanat

Fortune, prosperity, happiness.

Maimnn

Fortunate,

Maithal or Maithil

An

Maj

Eipe, yellow.

Majal

Power, ability strength.

Majalis

Conferences,

auspicious,

prosperous,

baboon, monkey.
inhabitant of Mithila (Tirhut).

assemblies,

convivial

con-

versation.

Majami'

Congregations.

Majaz

Lawful,

admissible,

insincere,

feigned,

metaphor.

Adv.

superficially, adj. metaphorical,

hy-

perbolical, unreal.

Majbnr

Constrained, helpless.
Constraint, force.

-i

Majd

GI017, grandeur, the honour derived from.

Xaj'hala

Wrangling.

ISaj'har

An

Maj'hud

Oppressed with labour or vexation, care,

Maj'hul

Unknown,

Maj'hiil-I

Ignorance.

Maj'huI-1-mntlak

Very indolent or

Majid

Glorious, honourable, noble.

ancestors.

asylum, a hiding place.

trouble, vexation.

MajTra

J.

little

Small cymbals.

known.

useless.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Cheap, that which

Majit

73;

under price,

sold

is

bought, second hand.

Name

Majith

drug used

of a

dyeing red

for

(Rnbia manjith).

An

Majlis

assemblj',

company, congregations-

convention.

Majma'

An

assembly, a collection.

Majmir

chafing

dish,

incense,

censer for

perfume.

Majiiiu'a

crowd,

zine,

assembly, a

adj., collected,

Majmu'a-dar

collection,

compendium, a form
assembled,

record keeper,

servants of a

title

given to the

Kanun-go (an

and the nature of

Insane, in love, the
lover,

its

officer
its

in

customs-

land tenures).

name of

a celebrated

whose amours with Laila are the

subject of a

Xajns

the whole..

all,

each district, acquainted with

Majnnn

maga-

(in printing),

poem by

Jfizaml.

guebre or follower of Zoroaster, and

who conforms with the Zendavesta,.

The Parsis are the represent-

Magi.

atives of this faith in India.

Makabir (plur.ofMakbara,

Tombs,

sepulchres.

a burying place, a tomb)

Frauds, cheats, snares.

Maka'id

Makal
Speech, discourse sentence, word.

Makala

'

Makam

Dwelling, mansion a place of residenceor encamping, halting of an army, place,

in a book.

Makbara
Makdur
Makhadim

Makhafat

Dreads, terrors.

Makhaiyir

Expenses, disbursements.

Maklian

Bountiful, charitable, liberal.

Makharij

Butter.

abilily, possibility.

Servants, domestics, ministers.

'

'

Makhdnma,

burying place, a tomb.

Power,

/.

Served, lord, master, mistress.

GLOSSAET OF INDIAN TERMS.

'74

MakhdSm-iyat

Mastership.

Makhlnk

Created, formed, creature.

Makhlnkat

(Plur.)

Things created.

Makhlnt

Mixed, blended, confused.

Makhmal
Makhmasa
Makkhi

Velvet.

Hunger, wretchedness.

A
A

cMs
marna

the sight of a gun.

fly,

reiser.

To be

nrana

To

idle,

flatter,

to trifle.

to

perform servile

offices for

any one.

Makna'

Makr
Makra
Makramat
Makrana

"Fraud, imposture, evasion.

bride's veil.

kind of grain, a spider.

Honour,

glory, nobleness, generosity.

To move by winding about

to be averse, or act

Makrnz
Maksam

Makta'

The

Lent.

Maktab

.._
khana

Mai

(a.)

Mai

(s.J

Mai

(h.J

or crookedly,

to the contrary.

>

part, a portion.

last verse

of a poem.

school.

Property.

Mala

A garland.
A champion, a prize-fighter.
A Hindu rosary,anecklace,a garland, abook.

Mala

Full.

Malagir

Name

of a mountain noted for its Sandal-

wood.
Mala'I

Mala'ik

Cream.
1

>

Mala'ika

Angels.
"

Malakh

MaM

Sadness, anguish, vexation, languor.

Malani

Reproach, rebuke, blame, reviling.

Malana

To

Malang
MalangI

A
A

Malar

Name

locust.

cause, to rub, grind or scour.

kind of darwesli.
salt-maker.

of a ragini, or musical

during the rains.

mode sung

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERVS.

Malat

Malaz

An

75

worn rupee or other

coin.

asylum, refuge, protection.

Malba

Eubbish.

Mal-dar

Eicli.

Slal-gnzar

tenant,

subject,

landholder,

one

paying rent or taxes.

Mal-guzar-i

Eent paid

Mal-I

Relating to wealth or merchandise.

Mall

Malichh

An

money.

in

gardener.

unclean

who make no

those

race,

between clean and unclean

distinction

food, a barbarian

one speaking any

or

language but Sanskrit and not subject

to the usual

Malik

Hindu

institutions.

Master, lord, possessor, proprietor.

ana

Like an owner, au annual or monthly

allowance paid to

person

who

a zamlu-dar, by the

occupies his lands, whether

the state or a jagir-dar.

Mal-khawind
mast

proprietor.

Purseproud.

Mamalik

Kingdoms, provinces,

Ma'mul

Custom,

Mandal
Mandap.

Mandar

.'

A
A

states,

practise, habit.

orb, the heavens.

circle,

house, a temple.

The name of a mountain

with

thology

which

in Indian

the

ocean

mywas

churned.

Mandha

adorned

place

with

flowers

for

the

bride and bridegroom.

Manjh

Name

Mansab

Marghat

The place where the Hindus burn their dead.

Marhaba

(lit.

of a ragim, or musical mode.

magistrate.

may you enjoy a spacious abode.)

Hail Welcome God bless you
Interj.

of the demon, employed by Ravaua

Marici

Name

to entice

away

Marjan

Sprinkling

with

before

the

ceremonies.

Sita.

water

for

performance

purification

of

religious

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

76

An

Marsiya

elegy,

arram

funeral eulogium,

dirge,

sung during the Mnh-

particularly one

commemoration of the descend-

in

ants of 'All.

Name

Maru

of a rag or musical mode,

also

of a kettle-drum.

Marzban

Masa'il

The precepts of Mnhammad.

Masai

fable, simile, proverb.

Masan

place

governor of the frontier.

an

Mash'had

where a dead body

burned,

is

evil spirit.

place of martyrdom,

of assembly,

tomb.

Mashshata

Mashrn'

who

tire-woman, one

who

Initiated. Prescribed

by law, also the name

made of

of a kind of cloth
cotton

mixed

Mnsalmans
den to
of

do

in

which

in

silk

and

lawful for

they being forbid-

to pray,

so

it is

garment entirely

silk.

Masih, Masiha

Messiah,

Masjld

A
A

i-jami'

dresses hair, and

prepares a bride.

Christ.

mosque.
great mosque.

Masjnd

Worshipped, adored.

Math

Hindu

or

college

convent,

pagan

temple.

Matla'

The

place of rising

of the sun, the

east,,

the opening of a poem.

Manlavi

A
A

Manllk

Of

Manlnd

Poetry chanted before the bier of a de-

Manlud-i

Maya

Illusion

Mania

judge, master, also, a slave.

learned man.
inferior caste

ceased person

among Eayasths.

when

carried out

person who chants before the bier of

a corpse.

caused

by

the

deity

which mankind believe in the

and by
reality of

external objects which exist only in the-

imagination.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Mazhab

Eeligion, sect.

Medni

Tlie

earth,

A cloud,

Megh

body

tomb of a

77

of pilgrims

the

to

saint.

name of

rag or musical mode

appropriated to the wet season and

watch of the night before the

first

last

dawn

of day, and said to have proceeded from

Megh-pati

Brahma,
clouds.

or else from the sky..

The thunderer.

raj

Mekh

MekM

the head of

Lord of the

ram, the sign Aries.

An

rupaiya

Mela

adulterated rupee.

an assemblage of Hindus for a

fair,

religious

some

ceremony,

as

bathing in

for

river held sacred, especially at the

Jumna,

junction of the Ganges and the

and the Saraswati,

(called

the

after

goddess of speech and wife of Brahma)

of which, however,

This junction

Prag

immense crowds of devotees

assemble here to bathe at the

of the

magh,

Hindu month,
called, the

JSendak. m.

Mendkl./.

Meadki ko znkam^ hona.

are lost.

traces

and considered pecul-

or Prayag)

iarly sacred,

all

Allahabad (the Hindu

is at

the
this

magh

name

of

assembly

full

the
is

moon
10th
hence

mela.

^^^-"S.

(A frog

having

caught

cold)

expresses

pride or consequential airs assumed

by

worthless persons.

Merii

An

Mesh

-chasm

axis.

sheep, a ram, the sign Aries.

Sheep-eyed, sheepish, a blockhead.

Mich

Death.

Mihrab

The

principal place

in a

mosque where

the priest prays before the people with

his face turned towards Mecca.

Mihrban-gi

>

Mihrban-i

t-

i,-

ji-

Iriendliness, kindliness.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

78

Mihtar

prince, applied first ironically

and no\r

a very low oc-

generally to a sweeper,

cupation in Hindnstan.

The

Mikyas

of a

style

hand of a

dial,

watcb,.

the kilometer.

Mil

needle, a wire

made

hot,

used to blind

people, the barrel of a gun.

Millat

Religion, faith, a people.

Milna

To be mixed,
occur,

to

be confounded, to meet,.

to

be

to

agree, to suit,

to

got,

associate, to

be united, to find

to

(a.

person, or thing), to obtain (a thing).

jnlna

To

Min

meet, to mix, to
fish,

name of the

visit.
first

incarnation of

the

Hindu

a decanter, a blue colour,

enamel

Tishim,

applied

also

to

Cupid: Kam-dey.

A glass,

Mina

blue stone,

heaven, paradise.

vitriol,

Minal

Enamel.

MInar

Minaret, obelisk, steeple.

Mnkab

An

Mintaka

e-mabrnda

The

frigid zone.

e-mahrnka

The

torrid zone.

e-mn'tadlla

The temperate zone.

tu-l-burnj

The

with which they tap for

instrtiment

dropsy.
girdle, zone, belt.

celestial girdle, the zodiac.

Minu

Paradise.

Mir

chief, leader,

(who claim

to

title

by which

Saiyidg.

be descendants of Hnsain,

grandson of the

prophet Mnhammad).

are called.

Mir-an

The payment out of

Miras

Heritage, patrimony.

Mirasan

officers to the

caste of

before

Mlras-i

their fees

by inferior

head of their department.

singing girls

who only

sing

women.

Hereditary, inherited, a caste

who

follow

the profession of singing from generation,

to generation.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Mir'at

mirror.

Mir-I

A.

winner

^is (pj
Mis fs.J

Copper.
Pretence, sham.

'*>*^

An

Misal

Simile, similitude.

Mishar, Misra

79'

at play.

agreement, bargain, league.

of Brahmans,

title

who were brought

Sakadwip by Erisluia

from

to India

in order to cure the leprosy of his son

Samba:

also a title of

some Brahmans

from Mithila, &e.

Miskal

weight containing 4 mashas and 3|

rattis,

weights

appendix,

Cvide,

and:

measures).

Misra'

A
A

Misr-i

Sugar candy.

Mistar

A ruler (generally

Misr

large city, Egypt.

hemistich, a single line in poetiy.

be written on

Mitha'i

MitI

made by parallel threads

on paper, on which the sheet

fixed

is

to-

pressed).

sweetmeat, sweetness.

Date, interest.

MittM

Mittl or matti

kiss,

Earth.

dalna

To

dena

To bury.
To become weak or
To ruin or destroy.
To eat flesh.

bona
karua

khana
Miyaii or

myau

conceal another's fault.

Sir,

to be ruined .-

faint,

an address expressive of kindness, a

title

by which eunuchs are addressed,

master.

Miyan

Miyana

Middling,

scabbard, the loins, the waist.

moderate,

(in

India),

a kind'

of Sedan or palki.

Miyau admi

Xiyan-basta

Loins

-jl

respectable person.
girt,

ready for action.

mediator,

an

arbitrator,

broker,

schoolmaster.

Mi'yar

Standard of money, a weight or measure.-

80

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

A balance, a

Mizan

pair of scales, the sign Libra,

rhyme, verse, prosody,

measure, metre,

addition in arithmetic.

-dena or -lagana..

To

add, to cast up.

The

Mijratt

with which a musical instru-

quill

ment

struck.

is

Mocha

Mochh

Eelease,

plantain tree (Musa sapientum.)

and

final

salvation,

eternal

happiness, the liberation of the soul from

the body and its exemption

from further

transmigration.

Mod

Delight, pleasure.

Modi

merchant, shopkeeper, grain-merchant,

steward.

-khana

Moh

pantry.

sympathy,

compassion,

Pity,

kindness,

affection, allurement, fascination, love.

A sweetheart, mistress,

Mohan

name of Krishna,

and of Hindus.

bhog

mala

Name

kind of sweetmeat.
of an ornament, a string or necklace

composed of gold beads and

Moh men ana

To

as

faint,

corals.

sudden appearance

the

at

of a mistress or friend.

Mohna
Mor

To

charm, allure, delude.

fascinate

worn by Hindns

chaplet

at the time

of marriage.

Moza
sir

Mu'af-i

stocking, boot.

horse that bites, his rider.

Exempt from

rent and tax (land), a grant

from a sovereign,

of land

free

of

all

exactions.

Mu'allim

Mu'arrikh
Mn'azzin
Miibid or Miibad

An
An

A
A
a

instructor, a pilot.
annalist, historian.

public crier to prayers.

doctor, philosopher, counsellor of state,
priest

of

the

guebres,

or

sun-

worshippers.

Mudra

sign,

silver

coin,

jogis in their ears.

ring

worn by

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Mufassal

Adj.,

distinct,

ample, adv., partic-

full,

fully, n., (peculiar to

ularly, distinctly,

country

the

India),

81

in

opposition

to

the town.

Mufti

among Mnbammadans

superior officer

whose decrees are regarded

gari

as law.

OfBce or duty of mufti.

Muhammad

Adj. praised,

Mnharram

Sacred, venerable, forbidden.

name of

the Arabian prophet.

Mnhammadan

of the first

The name
month, held

on account of the death of Husain,

sacred

who was

son of All,

killed

by Yazld,

near Eufa.

Muhassil

tax-gatherer, a

Muhr
Muhra

A
A

gold coin.

and generally a

chessman,

shell,

a dun.

bailifl',

counter used in any game.

Mu'jiz
...

Mu'jiza

Mnkaddam

miracle.

Antecedent, prior,

a chief, the advanced

guard.

Mukhtar

an

Chosen,

power

Mnkri

Muksam
Mukt

An

who

one

agent,

receives

of attorney to act for another.

short poem.
oath.

Pardon, absolution from

deliverance

sin,

of the soul from the body and exemption

from further transmigration.

Mukur

Name
corn

of the tenth

represented

with the body and

fore legs, neck
also a shark

Mul
Mulk
Mnlla

Mnmin
Mnndaa

zodiacal sign (Capri-

by
tail

water

of a

fish,

animal

and the

and head of an antelope),

and an

alligator.

Origin, root, race.

A
A

country, sovereignty.
schoolmaster, doctor.

Orthodox,
Shaving,

faithful.

the

first

shaving of a child (a

religious ceremony with Hindus.)

Mundna

To

shave, to convert and

make

a disciple of,

82

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

Mnuh

Mouth, face, countenance, presence,

power,

complaisance,

respect,

orifice,

fitness,

qualification, pretence, ability.

andhera

Mnuh

bigarna

Twilight, evening, dusk, obscure.

To be

displeased, to have the taste blunted

or depraved.

-Chang

'

zor.

Jew's harp.

Headstrong, obstinate.

Munis

A
A

Munkir, Nakir

The names of two

Mnni

holy man, a sage.

saint.

to

angels,

Muhammadan

examine the

who, according

creed, are

supposed to

of the departed

spirits

in.

the tomb.

Mnnkir

Denying, rejecting.

Munshi

writer, secretary

(among Europeans) a

teacher of the languages of India.

MnrahM

Mnrakaba

Contemplation, fearing God.

Mnrat

Murji

One

tutor, protector.

statue, idol, picture.

of a

works

who

sect

think faith without.

sufficient.

is

Mnrsal

Mnrshid

An

Mnsabbib

The

Musabbibu-l-ashab

The causer of causes

Musaflr

-parwar-I

messenger, prophet, apostle.

instructor, guide (to salvation).
first

cause.
i.e.

God.

traveller, passenger, stranger.

Protection of travellers, hospitality.

Musa-i

Following of Moses (Judaism).

Mnsalla

Musalll

Praying, one

Mngalman

Mnsalman-i

The Muhammadan

carpet to pray

believer,

on,

a place of prayer..

who prays, holy,

a Muhammadan.

righteous.

religion, ( Vulg.) cir-

cumcision, fHind). a female Musaluiau..

Musammam

Fixed, concluded, determined.

Mnsannif

Musauwir

Adj. forming,

composer, an author.
figuring,

S.

sculptor.

Mns'haf
S^nshlr

A
A

book, page, the Kur'an.

counsellor, senator.

M. a painter,

83

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Mnshkil

Difficult, hard, painful.

Musi

Muslim (Plnr. Muslimin).

A
A

Mut'a

Taking a wife for a time, a temporary

testator.

Musabnau, Muhammadan.

among

marriage

Mnta^abbid

Devout,

the SM'as, use,

refractory,

religious,

profit.

stubborn

(a camel),

A transgressor, a

Muta'addi

wicked wretch, an

active,

transitive, or causal verb.

Mutawalli

superintendent,

or

of

treasurer,

mosque.

Muwahhid

Believing in one God, orthodox.

Muza'far

Mnzah
Muzahamat

Muzari'

Mnzd
Muzhda

jest, joke.

Prevention, impediment.

A
A

Mnzaraba

battle,

combat.

husbandman.
reward, premium, salary, wages.

Joyful tidings.

N.
Jfab

Nabard

Battle, war.

canine tooth, a tusk.

Nabh

The

Nabl

Na-bina

sky, ether, atmosphere.

prophet.

Blind.

Nabira

Nach

Dance.

-na

nachana
Nach-waiya

To

grandson.

dance.

To make

to dance, to tease.

dancer.

Jfad

sound, a song.

Nadaha

spout, a canal.

S^adamat

Repentance, contrition, regret.

]Va-dan-T

Ignorance, simplicity.

Nadhna

To

If adi

Nadim

Pulao, coloured with saffron.

A
A

yoke.
river.

companion, intimate friend.

GLOSSABY OF INDIAN TERMS.

84
Sadir-1

Nad karna

To

roar (as a tiger), to sing.

Nadua

To

begin.

Naf

The

Naf

Profit, advantage,

Nafa

A.

raritj'.

navel, the middle.

interest.

pod of musk.

Nafaka

The necessary expenses of

Nafal

Plunder from

Ifafar

living.

infidels.

groom, a servant.

Service, profession, trade (particularly of

a groom), a giant, a demon.

Naf as

Childbirth,

the

forty

days of a

woman

after childbirth.

Nafas

The

breath, respiration.

Naf as-i-baz-pasin

The

last breath.

Naf at

Naptha, bitumen, the place whence they

Naf i

Forbidding, prohibition, annihilation, non-

Naf Ir

Nafkh

Blowing

are obtained, lamp-oil.

existence.

brazen trumpet.

with

the

mouth,

inspiring,

breathing into, sounding a horn or other

musical instrument.

Nafl

voluntary act of devotion which

be

omitted

prescribed, a

innocently

as

not

may

being

work of supererogation.

Nag

Nagr

The stone of a ring or a stone on which

a name is cut, a jewel, a mountain.

Naga

A
A

plough.

female serpent.
'^

Nagar

city,

Nagar

Name

Ifagal

Nagan or nagin
_
.

Nagani or Nagini

'

snake.

caste of Hindti th^iTS.

hence

a town.

of a tribe of Gvjarati Braliinans,

applied

to

cunning

or

expert

persons.

Nagari

The most common Hindi character of

writing,

called

Devanagarl,

supposed divine origin.

from

its

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Jfagar-I

town, or village,

85
of or

belonging to

a city.

Nag-bel

Betel-leaf.

Nag-bhasha

Prakrit language said to be used by

the serpentine

Nagdanu

race

who inhabit Patal.

kind of wood, by touching which

is

said that fetters spontaneously

iNag-danna

Name

Nagha

Adjournment,

Nag-kanya

it

fall off.

of a plant. (Artemisia Tulgaris).

respite.

race of females said to inhabit Fatal, or

the regions under the earth, and to be of

serpentine extraction but very beautiful.

-lok
- -panchami

The region under the

earth. Fatal, (not

being accessible to the sun,

it

minated by very resplendent

jewels).

Name

of a

Hindu holiday

the

is

illu-

15th of

Sravan, snkl-paksk, on which day they

worship a snake to

procure blessings

on their children.
Jfahan

Bathing.

Nahana

To

Ifaharl

Breakfast, a kind of bit or bridle.

Haharni

An

bathe or wash.

instrument with which the nails are

pared.
Ifahl

Prohibition, an interdict.

Nahid

The planet Venus.

Ifahj

road, path, manner, prescribing, giving

directions.

A stream, rivulet, a canal (of running water).

A barber.
A reed, a tube, a pipe, flute, fife, came.
A deputy.

Ifalir

Na'i

Nai
Jfa'ib

!\ai-bast

Composed

Jfa'ib-diwan

Deputy treasurer or accountant.

of reeds.

Ifaibed

Pood consecrated

Naibi

Deputyship.

Nai-eha

hukka snake

to the deity.

(or covered pliable tube

through which the smoke

-band

-band-i

The trade of

is

inhaled).

person who makes hukka snakes.

a Nai-cha-band.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

86
Ifaik.

jfa'ira

Fii'e,

corporal.
heat,

enmity,

inflammation,

flame,

hatred.

Deceit,

Nairang

trick,

evasion, magic, sorcery, a

miracle, anything new.

-saz

-saz-i

Magic, sorcery.

magician, sorcerer.

Ifairit

Southwest.

Naisan

Name

of the

Syrian month,

7tb

corre-

sponding to the Persian, Farordin, and

the rain which

in the
if it

Abr-i-naisan signifies

Baisakh.

Hindi,

falls

while the

shell, pearls are

drop into a

but, which turns to poison if

to

fall

The

Ifaiyir

mouth of a

into the

sun,

being

moon

is

mansion swati, and, of which,

the

also

moon;
by

distinguished

it

formed,

happen

serpent.

the

former

prefixing

an

adjective signifying, greater.

M'iisha

Najat

Freedom, pardon, salvation.

IfajH)

canal, tube, the urethra.

,

hero,

Indian

volunteer,

certain class of

distinguished by a pe-

soldiers

culiar dress.

IVajibn-t-tarafaiu

Noble on both

ITajisu-l-'ain

Impure by nature.

Najjar

A
A

Najm

sides (father

and mother).

carpenter.
star,

planet,

fortune,

horoscope,

calculation of. njitivity.

(Plural,

unjum)

Stars.

.'ilm-i-nnjtim

Astrology.

Nujfim-i

An

Nak

The heavens.

Nakil (h.)

The extremity of

astrologer.

a road, % lane, the eye

of a needle.

Naka

(s.)

An

alligator.

Nakar

Eefusal, denial.

Vakbat

Adversity, calamity, misfortune.

Nakcharhana

To be angry or

Nakd

Heady money,

displeased.

cash.

GLOSSAB.Y OF INDIAN TERMS.

87

ICakhat

Ifak'hat

Perfume, odour, anything odoriferous.

Ifakhatri (from IVakhat)

a constellation.

Fortunate, born under a lucky planet.

star,

Hakhiyana

To

Nakh-rekh

The marks

IN'akhsIiab

Name

claw, to scratch.

by the

left

nails, a scratch.

of a city in Turkestan, famous for

the appearance

impostor

from a

of the

moon which

Mnkanna' caused

pit in

its,

the

ascend

to

neighbourhood, during

the space of two months.

Nakh

From

sikh

tip to

from the toe nails

toe,

to

the hair on the crown of the head.

Nakhnda

Captain of a ship.

Nakhun-a

An

instrument to strike the strings of a

guitar, &c.

Hakib

Wakir

Name

IS^akkatana

To
To

kati-hona

A
A

Jfakl
Ifakl-I

Kakrakhna

chief,

leader..

of an angel.

lose one's honour.

history, tale.

narrator, story-teller, fictitious, copied.

To preserve
To turn up

sakorna

Mkns

See Munkir.

dishonour.

one's, honour.

one's nose, to be displeased.-

bell in eastern Christian churches, also

a shell blown by Hindus in worship.

Nal

tube,

barrel

gun,

of a

stalk

of the

lotus, umbilical cord.

Joint of

Jfal

bamboo

or

other hollow wood,

specially applied to the piece of bamboo,

on which bird-catchers put lime.

JVala

(h.).

ravine, rivulet.

Nala (p.)

Lamentation.

Ifali

!Nalish

.,

drain.

Complaint, lamentation, grqan.

Jfalish-i

Complainant,

Malki

plaintiff.

sort of sedan or litter

used by people

of rank.

Nam

Name,

Nama

character, fame, reputation, honour.

letter,

written treatise,

book, history, account.

(in

comp.),

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

88

-bar

messenger.
animation, bread, subsistence.

Salt, spirit,

IN^amak

The

"Chashi

feeding

first

months'

of a

when

old,

child about six

certain ceremonies are-

performed by a Brahman, who

-dan

is feed.

salt-cellar.

-A-

ka hakk ada karna

To

-khwar

mirck la^ana

To

parwarda

discharge, one's obligations.

servant, dependent.

give a relish to.

domestic slave, a favourite, confidential

servant.

phnt phutke

To come out

nikalna

in boils.

Nama-nigar

Kamaskar

Salutation, adoration.

Namaz

Prayer (those prayers especially prescribed

correspondent.

by the Muliammadan law, which are said

five

times

day,

there

is

dispute,,

between the Snnnis and the

however,

Shi^ahs as to the number of times for

prayer, enjoined by the Kuran).

Nain-ba-nam

After each name, per head.

batana
cbalna.

charhana

dharna

dharwana

dnbona

hona
japna

karna
lagana
lekar

mang kbana

lena

nikalna

nishan rahna

To name.
To remain (one's name).
To register one's name.
To name, to fix a name on.
To give a name to a child, to be defamed..
To lose one's reputation, to be disgraced^
To be famous.
To tell one's beads.
To make famous, to establish a name.
To be charged, accused.
To beg alms in the name of another.
To praise, to repeat the name of God..
To become celebrated to investigate.
To be or continue renowned.

o-nishan

Name and

paida karna

To make

nchhalna

To

nchhaluii

To become

vestige, or address.

a name.

disgrace.

a byword.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEltMS.

SO"

Kana

Maternal grandfather.

Nanak

Name

Nand

Name

Nan-kar

An

Napit

Karad

The name of a Hindu

of a fakir, founder of the sect of

Sikhs.
of the foster-father of Krishna.

allowance of

money

or land.

barber, a surgeon.
saint,

son of Brahma^.

and one of the ten original Munis or

Ilishis.

A
A
A

Narayan
Nares
Uariyal

name of Vishnu.
sovereign.

cocoa-nut,

made of
Nar-singh or nri-singh

Imkka,

smoking)'

(for

a cocoa-nut.

The name of the

fourth Avatar or incar-

nation of Vishnu, which happened in the

Satja-yuga, upon the following occasion.

Hiranya
was

Easipn,

enraged

impious prince,-

an
his

at

worshipping the

Prahlad

son

Almighty,

and

for

tried

every means of destroying him, by poison,

him into

by throwing

fire,

into

the-

ocean,

&c

God

present everywhere," said Hiranya-

is

yet Prahlad lived. "If your

Kasipu, "let him come from an alabaster

pillar",

on which Nar-singha appeared,

man and

the-

upper part of a lion; he destroyed

the-

with the lower part of a

father and set the son

Ms

Snuff.

!Nasah

Genealogy, descent.

Ifasara

Msik

Devoted

Sasikh

A
A

Jfat

Nazarene, a christian.
to

Ifath

God.

copier of a book, an amanuensis.

name given

jugglery,

Mtak

on the throne.

to

those

who

A kind of comedy in Sanskrit.

A master, lord, husband, affixed
names

practise-

and rope-dancing.

especially of Jegls.

Jfath

Ifati

Grandson, daughter's son.

large ring

worn

in the nose.

to

proper

9-0

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

iNankar

IVau-ratan

An

servant.

ornament, con slating, of nine different

gems, worn on the arm and wrist.

The day on which

Ifau-roz

the sun enters Aries,

and, according to. the Persian calendar,

the

commencement of the

year.

I^ausha

Abridegroom,hence,iioslia,fortunate,happy.

Uanwab

Jfauwab-I

Ueputyship, relating to a nanwab.

(Nanwab-i governmentl

governor of a town or

district.

term applied by the Indians of

the annexation.

Navisht

Khwand

Epistolary

Oudh

which prevailed there before

to the rule

correspondence,

reading and

writing.

Nawa

modulation,

sound,

Voice,

opulence,

wealth, substance.

Nawadir

Miracles.

Nawakil

Histories, traditions.

Ifawasa

grandson.

Nawaz
Nayak

musician.

Naz'

The

chief, a native officer

of the lowest rank.

gasping in the agonies

last breath,

of death, judicial courts, a

Mazim

Ifazir

An

sheriff.

poet, a ruler.

inspector,

an

officer

employed in a

judicial court.

Nazr

gift,

the

superior, (the prac-

and receiving

by the Indian

forbidden

natives,

among

offered to

tice of giving

however

gifts is

now

Government,

still

continue

it

themselves. Kajas, and others of

demand

position,

these

^.ifts

from

their

dependants as a matter of right on the

occasion of birthdays,
versaries.

and. other iinni-

Poor tenants and servants are

obliged to give

gifts

(in cash), to their

landlords and

masters, on pain of dis-

missal.

It

a relic

presses

hard on

is

be abolished.)

the

of feudalism that

poor and should

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEEMS.

Nefa

breeches belt, the part of the drawers

which the string runs

through

them round the

Neg

91

Presents

made

to tie

loins.

to

relatives

and servants

on the occasion of marriages, &c.

Neg-i-jogI

Tenants

Nem

Hibedan

An

Nicliawar

Sacrifice,

Nidhi

and

who

dependants

receive

tho neg.

vow, piety, meritorious

act.

address, petition.
victim.

treasure of Kuvera, the god of riches.

Mgam

Holy

Mkah

Marriage.

Mkas-i

Taxes collected on goods passing out of

Milkanth

Vedas.

writ, the

a town.
bird about the

size of a jay,

of blue

plumage whose note

is

cordant. Its throat

said to have been

stained

is

from

blue

harsh and dis-

swallowing the

its

poison produced by over-churning the

ocean with the mountain Maudara, by the

Surs and Asnrs, to procure the ainrita.

Sim

tree

from which

said to possess

Mm-cliihra

An

oil is

extracted,

many medicinal

imaginary being with half a

arm, &c.

male

It

resemble a

righthand,

the

left,

human being when

;

on one

one

foot,

as very dangerous

the

&c.,

when united they

&c.,

they are supposed to

velocity

face,

male and female; the

is

having

female, the

and

properties.

separate,

move with amazing

and are considered

and

cruel.

Jfirankar

Without form

Mr-gBBi

Without passions or human

(the deity).
qualities, (an

epithet of God).

Jfirkh

The

price or tariff at which articles

be sold in the bazaars.

Government

must

It is fixed

by

ofScials, generally the police.

Msa

The female

Uisbat

Eelation, affinity.

sex.

92

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS,

Hishan

Sign, emblem, armorial bearings, standard,.

Nishast'barkhast

Manners, etiquette, good breeding.

Ifistok

Definitive settlement, decree.

Jfittl

Small scales used by goldsmiths.

Xitya-kariua

Constant practice.

Ifujum

Stars.

JTnjura-i

An

Nnpnr.

astrologer.

hollow ring, inclosing pieces of copper^

which sound

&c.,

like

Nuwab

Vicegerents, governors.

Ifya'e

Justice, reason,

If ya'e-shastr

Logic.

Nyayak

Ochha

Light,

To

when

in

ankles..

argument.

judge.

of

trifling,

hona

bells

women on their

motion, worn by

consequence,

little

silly,

fruitless,

absurd

mean.

want, to be deficient.

Ochhi sangat

Bad company.

Oda

Wet, moist, damp.

Oghra

Ojh

Stomach,

Ojha

A Brahman tribe,

dish of food, so called.

entrails.

worshipper of a goddess^

charmers.

Ojhal

Privacy, retirement.

karua

To

conceal, to screen.

Ojhri

A bag in the stomach.where food is digested.

Ok

Sickness at the stomach,

vomit,

draught

inclination

of water

to

from the

hollow of the hand.

Okhli

Okna

To

01

Name

mortar (wooden).
vomit.

is

of a vegetable,

eaten,

(Arum

the

root of which

cainpannlatnin),

hostage.

015

Hail,

hojana

the

To become

name of a kind of sweetmeat.

cold.

93

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

jou

sir

mundaya ton

ole pare

had no

my

shaved

sooner

shower of

came on

hail

one who has just

head than
(spoken of

engaged in an enter-

prise which turns out unfortunate).

Ole parnS or girna

-Olka

or Slta

OnOh

To

fall (hail).

Territory, dominion.

The cord with

places and fastened

Onth

The

Or

Origin, boundary,

Us

nibahna

frames

or

rafters

wiiich

on are pulled into their

for thatching

till

the roof is finished.

lip.

To be constant

Ora

Orhna

To put on

way, side- ward.

limit,

on

or, that way,

that side, thitherward.

to, to protect for ever.

basket, a pannier.
a

(dress),

sheet,

cloak, or

mantle.

OrhnI

A smaller

Orma

The name of

sheet, a veil, or

stitching together

Os

Dew,
par jana

To

cloak.

two breadths.

mist.

fall

in value,

portance,

woman's

a particular kind of sewing,

to

bfi

become

to

deprived of im-

demand

iu

less

than formerly.

parua

To

fall

(dew),

to

be

dull,

cheerless, to

fade.

Osar

Osbargr

Name

Osisa

The head of

Osra

Turn, vicissitude.

heifer.

of a medicine.
a bed, a pillow.

Ot

Overplus, surplus,abateraent,convalescenc

Ot

Protection, shelter, shade, screen, covering,

Ota

concealment, partition.
wall

partition

or

screen,

raised

entrance to a house.

Otna

To

defend,

separate

to

the

catch a ball.

screen,

seed

to

shelter,

from the cotton,

to
to

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

The wind,

Pa

god of the wind ( J)olng)>

the

compos

(In

a nourisher, a protector,

:),

act of drinking.

Pa

The

-audaz

A carpet

Engaged, employed, occupied.

leg,

foot.

spread at the entrance of a room

for cleaning the feet on.

band

-band

rope

which

with

the

fore-feet

of a

horse are tied.

-hona.

Fa-band-i

ba-zanjir

-shikasta

To be married.
The

state of

being bound, control.

Fettered, in chains.
Infirm, reduced.

Pabitr or Pavitr

Pure, holy, clean, undefiled.

Pabitra

brahmanical thread, a string of silken

beads, a knotted piece of

used

in

knsha grass

ceremonies

religious

of

the

Hindus.

A ring of knsha grass, (pod cynosnroides)^

Pabitri

or of gold, silver,
the ring finger

or copper,

worn on

and forefinger by Hindus

during religious worship.

Kissing the

Pa-bos

feet,

i.e.,

adoring, worship-

ping, revering.

bona

To

worship, to revere, to adore.

Worship, reverence, adoration.

Pa-bos-i

karna

To worship,

to reverence.

Fachak

Pachak

Cowdung, dried

Pachchhl

An ally, assistant,

Pachchi

Adherent, joined, (in music), in union.

bona

digestive, stomachic, solvent, a cook.

To be stuck
by

advocate, patron, a bird.

together,

be in unison,

kari

for fuel.

to

love.

Mosaic, patchwork.

Pacbli

The

Pachhau

West.

as

witli glue, to

be strongly attached

act of inoculating.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Pachhar

fall,

To

khana

fall

95-

the act of winnowing.

down, to

Pachharna

To throw down,

PachMya'o

Pachhna

To

Pachhna

The

suffer pain.
to abase, to conquer.

westerly wind.
inoculate.
act of scarifying

lation,

(tattooing),

(name

scarificator

inocu-

of an

in-

strument).

Pachhtana

To

Pachhtawa

Eegret, penitence,

:.......

Pachlsi

Pachkha

regret, to repent.
grief.-

game played with kauris

(small shells).

instead of dice, and so

named from the

highest throw, which

twenty-five.

Six days from

Awan

is

(the coming, or

first)'

Bewatior EeTati-(the twenty- seventh

to

mansion of the moon), on which days

several kinds of

Pach-lara

work

are unlawful.

Consisting of five rows,

as

in

a chain

of pearls.
Pacli-lona

medicine composed of

Pach-mahalla

Of

Pad

The

five

kinds of salt-

five stories (a -house).

foot-step,

foot,

(In

character,

step,

rank, dignity,.

grammar) a word, place^

station, thing.

(Bishan - for

Tishnn

the

deity in the character of

,

or

Preserver,

Titality

pad

A particular

.............

The

personified)

Padam

lotus

billions

song in the name of Vishnu..

(JfelumMum speciosnm), ten

(according

to

the

shastr)

one thousand billions (according to

or
the-

DastHru-l-'amal) or the Eoyal ordinances

of Akhar).

Padar

(in Hind. yiAur)

Padarth

Paddhat

Father.

rarity, a blessing,

Manner, custom, a

a category in logic.

treatise

on a particular

science, ritual, a title or titular

Paddi

Padha
Padharna

A
A
To

name.

path, a way, an alley.

schoolmaster.
go, to proceed, to depart, to arrive.

'96

GLOSSABY or INDIAN TERMS.

Fadma

The goddess of

Fadmani

The most

which

into

riches,

Lachhml.

of the four classes

excellent

Uindns

the

women. The others

divide

their

are cbitrii^i, sankhini

and hastinl.

Padshah

king, a sovereign.

Badshah
Padshah-i

Badshah-i

j
|

B-oyal,

imperial,

empire,

royalty,

reign,

sovereignty.

Padshah-zada

prince.

Pa'e (h.)

peasant

residing

cultivating

in

one village and

belonging

land

to

another

village.

The

Pa'e (p.)

foot, the

Tied by the

band

stand of a

leg,

taljle,

fettered,

chair,

&c.

captivated, en-

cumbered with a family.

-dam

Firm, steady.

dar
liisab

gin, snare, noose.

-A-

lana

>jama

-^

To

settle accounts.

Drawers, trowsers.

khana

knban

Beating the feet in dancing.

lagua

To make obeisance by embracing

privy.

the feet

token of respect paid by the Hlndns

(a

Brahmans).

to

mal

Trampled on, ruined.

mal karoa

To trample

on, to destroy, to lay waste,

to ravage.
inal-i

Destruction,

ravage

(occasioned

ariny or cattle overrunning

on
n

by an

and trampling

fields).

-mardi

Courage, resolution.

-takht

The

royal residence.

tnrab

The

first

stage of a journey. (It is usual

make one

short stage at the commencement of a journey, and then to

to

wait a

few days to collect everything

necessarj').

Pag

Pag

The

turban, syrup.
foot.

97

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Pag-dandl
dandi lena
-dharna

by-path.

To
To

Pagal

track, to trace.
to leave, to depart.

travel, to go,

Bengali word signifying a

fool, idiot,

madman.
Pagla

(This and the above, term were

Foolish.

formerly

peculiar

the

influx

the

West

Bengal and the

to

of HindSstan;

eastern parts

of

natives

especially
Oudh

provinces and

but since

of Bengal into

the North-western

where,

from their

superior intelligence and capacity, they

nearly

fill

in

common use

Oudh, and
I'agna

Government

the

all

and private banks,

offices

&c., these terms are

in the

N. W. P. and

also in the Panjab).

To be dipped

in or covered with syrup,

hence to be in love.

Pagri
atakua

Pah
phatua

turban.

To be obstinate, to persist or
Dawn.
To dawn, to grow luminous.

Pahan

Width, breadth, ampleness.

Pahanana

To put

on,

to

wear,

persevere.

dress,

to

dress,

clothing.

Pahanawa

Clothing,

Pahar

A
SI

raten

Pahar

Long

di-ess.

mountain.
nights (especially, of sorrow).

division of

time

consisting

of eight

gharis,. a watch, or 3 hours.

Pahara

The multiplication

Pahar-i

Pahariya

Belonging

hill,

table (in arithmetic^.

a small mountain.
to,

or of a mountain, a

moun-

taineer.

The

Pai

ana

karna

foot.

To have a
To plague,

splint (a horse).

to be importunate.

Pai

Paida

Born, created,

fault.

produced,

exhibited, dis-

covered, invented.

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

98

To be

Paida bona

born, to be created, to be found,.

be produced.

to

creation,

Birth,

ish

earnings,

production,

produce, profit.

To

karna

discover, to produce, to find, to obtain,.

to get, to earn, to invent, to procilre.

Produce of a

Paida-war

field,

fruit,

profit of trade.

Paidal

On

Paighama-paighami

Mutual messages, mediation, correspond-

Paigham-bar

Paighainbar-i

Mission.

Pay

foot, infantiy.

ence.

messenger, prophet.

vow, a promise.

To make

karua

Paik

a vow.

courier, a messenger.

Paikar

War,

Paikar

Pace, countenance, visage, form, appearance,.

battle,

contest. (Hind.)

pedlar.

a portrait, a likeness.

Pai-karha

Pai-kari

Iron chains on a culprits legs, ornamental

rings

Paila

Paima

f/ra

Paima-ish

. .

ankles.

measuring grain.

compos:) Measuring, a measurer.

Measure.

Paiman

wora on the

vessel for

promise,

agreement,

security, an oath,

confirmation,

asseveration, conven-

tion, compact.

Painiana

umr ka bharna.

To

goblet, a certain dry measure.

fill

die,

up the measure of one's

or

Paina

Painana

To

Paincha

Eeturn,

age, to

kill.

goad, sharp.

sharpen.
retribution,

loan,

repayment

of a loan.

Paincbna

To winnow.

Painda

A
marna

Paiwand

road, highway, path.

To stop

a road, to rob in the road.

Junction,

conjunction,

connection,

rela-

tionship, a joint, a patch, graft, bud.

kar
-kar-i

patcher.

Patching, cobbling.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

99

Junction, connection,

Faitrast
a-gi

joined,

friendship,

Contiguity, connection, attachment.

Pak

Pure, clean, holy.

Pakar
Pakariya

The

Indian

citron-leaved

Tenosa).

Pak-baz

Undefiled (mind), honest.

Pak-Mz-i

Purity.

Pakha
Pakhal

(Ficus

fig-tree.

A
A

shed.

bag,

large leather

for

holding water,

generally carried on buUocts.

Pakhand or pashaud ....

Wickedness,

Pal

leaves,

hypocrisy,

deceit,

a small

sail,

tent,

layers

heresy.

of straw or

between which mangos are placed

to ripen.

Pal

moment, the 60th part of a gharl or

dand (2|

marte

pais being equal to one minute).

Immediately, instantly,

in the twinkling

of an eye.

For an

-ot.

Pais

Pala

Prost,

snow,

earth

two

Palak

instant.

spoon or ladle for taking out

trust,

made by

parties in

charge,

&c.

oil,

heap of

children to separate the

game

kind of greens

called kabaddl.

resembling spinach, a

bed-stead, a watchman, preserver.

putr

An

adopted son.

Blocks

Pa-lakri

of

wood placed under

of a bed-stead to raise

it,

the

feet

generally at

the head.

Palau

Packsaddles.

Palang

A
A

tiger, panther, leopard.

coverlet, counterpane.

Palangr

-posh

bed (without curtains), a bedstead.

Palantha

Pirst-born.

Palethan

Dry

flour

when

Pale'o

it is

laid

under and

over

nikalna

To

beat severely.

pakaua

To

contrive the ruin of any one.

Soup,

soup

bread

rolled.

pounded
to thicken

rice
it.

or

flour

put into

GtOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

100
Pale

field

Palki

litter,

-nishin

of melons.
a sedan.

Entitled to be

carried

in a palki. (For-

merly this privilege was

granted by a

king or viceroy).

Palki-sawar

One who

Palna

To be

rides in a palki.

nourished

reared,

or fattened, to

thrive.

Pan

(s.)

An aggregate number

consisting of twenty

4 kauris) or eighty

gan^as

ganda

(a

kauris, and 16 pans

Pan

(h.)

A termination

make a kahan).

affixed to nouns,

answering

to the English terminations ship, hood,

ness,

as

larak-pan,

childhood,

banya-

pan, the business of a banya.

Pan

Betel-leaf.

-snpari (betel-nut)

The name given

nut broken

to

mixture of betel-

spices,

fine,

and lime,

&c.,

offered to visitors to chew.

To

Fana
Panch

..

-palav

get,

acquire, find, reach, overtake.

Five, a councLl, an assembly, a meeting,

arbitrators.

The branches of

five trees

which are used

in religious ceremonies.

patr

kind of vessel used by Hindus during

worship.
piriya

Any person, Hindu

or other,

the five pirs or saints of

who

tr.e

worships

Musalmans,

a caste of Halalkhors.

Panchagni

Five

Panchakki

Pancham

Fifth,

fires,

a posture of Jogis.

watermill.

name

of a rag and

of a sur or

musical note.

Panchanan
Pancliayat

A name of Siva,
A meeting of any
erally

as

an inquest.

a lion.

particular society (gen-

court of inquiry),

a jury,

panchayat assembles

to

determine whether for a particular fault

a

Pii^

man

is

to

be turned out of caste.

Advice, admonition.

101

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Pand-go

Adviser, monitor.

Panda^

Pan-dan

who

priest

an

presides

at

the temple of

idol.

box

holding betel and

for

other in-

gredients for chewing.

Pandar
_

Panre

descendand of Raja Pandu.

title

of Brahmans, a schoolmaster.

Pandit

Wise, learned, a learned Brahman.

Pandita'i

The learning of a Brahman,

Pandit-khana

Pandiyayan

The

Panga

Culinary

learning.

prison.

wife of a Pande.

obtained by a process from

salt

sea sand.

Panghat

passage to

water

river,

steps

from which

drawn.

is

Panhari

A man who carries water in pots oa his head.

A woman.

Pani

Water, lustre.

Panhara

ka balhnla

To confess
(A bubble

karna

To

marna

To dry

bharna

men

abash, facilitate.

up, to be evaporated.

To revive a

ag lagana

na maugna

inferiority.

of water), instability.

To be

contention which had subsided.

by a

slain

single stroke of a sword,

and to die instantly.

parna

Paniha
Panir

To

rain.

Anything living in water, a water snake.

Cheese.

maya

Eunnet.

Paniyana

To

Panj

Five.
'aib-i-shar'i'

irrigate, to water.

Very vicious, having

(2) Adultery,

five vices, (1 )

Gaming,

(3)

Robbery,

(4)

Drunk-

enness, (5) Falsehood.

ayat

The
are

five

chapters

read

of the Knr'an, which

during

the

mourning of a

Mnsalman.
tan-i-pak

Five holy persons,

3.

Fatima,

4.

( I

Muhammad,

Hasan,

5.

2. 'AIT,

Hnsain).

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

102

Paiija

hand with the

fingers extended,

five

claw, clutch, grasp.

-kasli-kash

instrument

iron

resembling

hand,

with which wrestlers exercise themselves

by locking

their

those of

into

fingers

the instrument.

Fanja-ab

Panni

Tinfoil,

Pant or panti

A row, a line of

Pantar

PauTT

Leg,

country so called from

name of a

5 rivers.

its

Pathans.

tribe of

writing, a rank of soldiers.

desert field.
foot.

among

barbana

To

bhar jana

Numbness, sleeping of the

dalna

To prepare

take the lead

for

one's equals.
feet.

and commence an under-

taking.

dho dho

pma

To drink
are

the water with which one's feet

washed

phrase denoting perfect

confidence.

nikalna

To make obeisance.
To exceed one's proper

ra^arna

To go about

lagna

foolishly

limits.

and unprofitably,

to be in the agonies of death.

Pa'o

Pap

Sin, fault, crime.

Papaiya

quarter, a fourth part.

sort of child's whistle,

and of

fruit

its

papaya),

name of

papaw

(the

much used

Pap-i

sinner, a criminal.

Pa-posh

slipper.

Par

The opposite bank or

tree,

a tree

Carica

medicinally.

shore, over, across,

through, beyond.

karna

To

fen-y

over,

to

cross,

to

finish,

to

transfix, to relieve, to carry oif.

Par

(s.)

des

Par

(p.)

girana
nikaluii

Distant, remote, strange.

Abroad, foreign.

feather, quill,

To prepare
To

display,

qualities

wing.

to fly.

on acquiring power,

those

which remained concealed in

poverty or a low station.

103

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Par

Para

Quicksilver, mercury.

Para

A
A

Para-doz

scaffold.

strap, piece, fragment.

tent-maker,

who

one

or

leather parts in tents

applies

quarter of a town, a ward.

Para

A
A

Parab

festival, holiday, anniversary.

Parachit

fine or

Para

the

and pardas.

company, a body of troops.

penance imposed on religious

as

occasions

the

price

absolution,

of

atonement, expiation.

To be made acquainted, to be introduced.

To move a lamp over the heads of a bride

Parachna

Parachna

and

bridegroom

to

away

drive

evil

spirits.

Parah

Flight, a general emigration.

Parakh'

Inspection, examination,

Parakh-na

Parana

To
To

Paras

The philosopher's

Parashn

An

Parasna

To worship.
To touch.

trial,

proof.

inspect, examine, prove.

lay down, to put to sleep, to cull, to

gather.

Parasua

offensive

stone, Persian.

weapon resembling

a hatchet.

Parast (worshipper) atash

(Are). Atash-parast

fire- worshipper,

Gruebre,

or

follower

of Zoroaster, a Parsl.

Parastar

An

Parast-i

(In compos

Parastish

Worship, devotion

gah
Parat
Parati

only), worship, adoration.

Place of worship.

Parat

adorer, a slave.

fold, layer, crust, stratum.

large plate.
^

Paraya

Strange, foreign, belonging to another.

Parayan

The

act of reading

without expressing

Par-bas

Depending on the

Parbat

mountain.

Parbat-i

mountaineer.

a Puraii continually
its

meaning.

will of another, precious.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

104!

Parcha

Demonstration, proof,

Parcha

A
A

Parcham

trial.

scrap.

bit,

flag or

ensign of horse-hair,

military

an ornament of hair carried on a spear,

a flag, a tassel.

Image, shadow, shade.

Parchha-iii

apni SB bhagna

To be

Parda

frightened at one's
a

curtain,

screen,

own shadow.
privacy,

secrecy,

modesty, a musical tone.

chhorna

To

dar

Confidential.

dar

nisMn

Eemaining behind the curtain

let fall

a curtain.

betrayer of secrets.

applied

women in India, who are inyisible

men except their husbands.

to

to

Pardes-i

Foreigner, stranger.

Parekha

Eepentance, regret.

Pareshan

Dispersed, perplexed,

confused,

ruined,

distressed, wretched.
dil-i

Trouble of mind.

go-i

Confused or absurd

--hal

kahna

To

talk foolishly

Parka

A
A

Parka

Bead, learned.

Pargar

-guna

talk.

Distressed in condition.

from absence of mind

pair of compasses.

hog-deer (Cerrns porcinns).

learned, experienced

Parkan

The

Parkana

To

man.

ac t af reading.

cause or teach to read, to instruct,

to teach, to teach to

speak or sing (as

birds).

Parbaut

Parkez

Abstinence, forbearance, continence, control

Parkez-gar

Abstinent.

Parkez-gar-i

Abstinence, temperance.

Parkez karua

To

control one's passions, to be temperate.

Pari

fairy.

Pari-khwan

A.

magician to

reading, science, magic.

of the passions.

are subject.

whom

fairies

and genii

105

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Name

Parj

musical

of a

mode

or

raginiy

handle of a shield.
-dar

Basket-hilted (a scimitar).

Parja

Parja'e

Order,

subject, tenant, renter.

method,

manner,

custom,

place^

room.

Parjank

Parjatau

Travelling.

Parjawat

Quit-rent, tax.

Parkas or Pra-kas

Light, splendour,

bed-stead.

revelation, appearance

apparent, conspicuous, illumined.

Parkha'i

The

act of examining, the price paid for

examination, inspection,

Parkhana

To

Parkhl

An

Parlai

trial

or proof.

cause to inspect, examine, tiy or prove.

examiner, a discriminator.
general destruction,

such as the flood

or resurrection, vexation, fatigue, disgust..

Parman

Pra-mau

charhna

Quantity, authority, proof, example, detail,

authentic, real, approved of.

To

rise to a

Parmiln

Parna

Breaking a

^^^_
f
Pranali

high rank.

kind of dance.
fast,

to finish, to accomplish.

gutter, drain, conduit.

i'arnam

Salutation, adoration.

Pra-nam
Parnana

A great

Parniyan'

kind of fine painted

Paroha

bucket for drawing water with.

Parohan

Carriage, vehicle, appliance for transpor-

Paropakari

Acting for others, preferring their interest

Paros

Neighbourhood.

Parosi

male neighbour.

Parosin

female neighbour.

Par-paith

Duplicate of a

Parpanch

Delusion, fraud, imposition, deceit, artifice,

Parpanch-i

Insidious, fraudulent, artful.

grandfather by the mother's side^

silk.

tation.

to one's

own, benificent, hospitable.

bill

of exchange.

treachery.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS,

106
Pars

Persia.

Parsa

Abstemious, chaste, watchful.

Par-sal

Last year,

Parsan

,-,

Gracious, kind.

>

Prasann

Parsan

Asking, inquiring, inquisitive, inquirer.

Parsi

Persian, the Persian language.

ParsI

follower of Zoroaster.

Parson

The day

yesterday,

before

the day after

to-morrow.

The

Parsnram

incarnation

of

by the Brahmans

to

Ayatar,

sixth

Vislmn;

febled

or

destroyed

the

Brahmans say

that

have

Kshatriyas.

he

The'
the

extirpated

Kshatriyas, and that there have been

none

Parwa
Parwah
Parwan

since.

Care, concern,

anxiety,

An order,

Parwana.

in-

terror,

clination, affection, desire, rest, quiet.

The yard of a sail.

To grow up (a phrase

charhna

fear,

peculiar to women).

a pass, a license, leave,

command,

a precept, a warrant.
kisi

Parwana-gi

ka hona.

To be desperately in love with any

Command, order, permission.

Parwana-jat

Orders, licenses, passes.

Parwar

C^.)

patron, protector,

cherished (used

in

one.

cherisher, educated,

compos:

as gharlh-

parwar, cherisher of the poor, ^yaparwar, educated in the shade, or

home,

soft,

delicate,

knowing

little

at

of

the world.)

Parwar

(p.)

Name

of a kind

of gourd (Tricosanthes

dioica.)

Parward

,
Parwarda

Bred, reared, brought up,

^ nourished, a slave.

Parwardi-gar

Parwarish

Breeding, nourishment, maintenance, fos-

epithet of the deity,

tering, rearing,

protection.

nourisher of

patronising,

all.

education,

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEH.MS.

Parwati

(Daughter of a

'107

Durga,

mountain),

the

wife of Siva.

A prince, the

Parwiz

SMrin

lover of

(the mistress

of Farhad, a celebrated Persian statuary,

who, to please Shirin, dug through an

immense mountain), celebrated in romance.

Pas

(h.)

Pas

(p.)

Guarding, taking care, respect, observance,

i-khatir

Attention to one's wishes.

rope, a noose, at the side, near, about,

watch or term of three hoars.

sake, a

Pas

at.

After, behind, at length, their, therefore,

finally.

-andaz

something

Savings,

for old age or

Pasa

Pasa

Two

laid

up

to

provide

want of employment.

die.

in

handfuls,

as

much

as

can be held

two hands open.

Fasana

To

Pasand

Choice, approbation.

skim, to pour

Pasandida

Chosen, approved

Pa-sang

off superfluous water.

of,

agreed

to.

make weight, something placed

in one

scale to balance the other, or something

placed on one side of a load as an equipoise

to the other

Expansion, the act of spreading out.

Pasara

To

karna

procrastinate

and

find obstacles to an

easy matter.

Pasari
.

One who

sells spices.

'

Pansarl

Pasarna

To

Pas-ban

A sentinel,

Pas-ban-i

Watch, guard, protection, keeping.

spread, distend,

stretch out, expand.

a watch, a guard, a shepherd.

Pas-dar-i

Watching, guardianship.

Pase (plur.)

Dice.

Pasevha
Pasina

(
>

Perspiration, sweat. (Pasina

is

most com-

,,

monlv
^

used).
'

Pash

Sprinkling, scattered.

Pasheman

Penitent, ashamed, abashed, disgraced.

Pasheman-i

Repentance, regret, shame.

GLOSSAEY OP INDIAN TERMS.

108

Pashi

kind of wild, rice growing in shallow

ponds.

Pashm

Wool,

na nkharna

To

no moment.

hair, a thing of

suffer

from

nothing

another, not

touched. (Spoken

enmity of

the

of the head to be

a hair
in

great contempt of

an adversary).
_

Pashm-in

Woollen.

Pashm-ina

Woollen goods.

Fashna

The

Pa-shoya

Washing of the

Pat

A leaf, an ornament

heel.
feet.

worn

upper part

in the

of the ear, a draft or cheque on a banker.

Patou-a-Iagna

(A phrase, when applied to

trees,

which

indicates the fall of their leaves in autumn,

metaphorically, the phrase signifies that

one's

power or

ability is exhausted,

and

this expression is often applied to patience

exhausted by

scorn

the

beloved

of a

person, or to a destitute condition from

adverse fortune).

Pat

(s.J

Silk^ a mill-stone, a board, shutter, plank,

flap,

seat,

throne,

washermen beat
Pat

Breadth of cloth or of a

fh.J

F*t

shutter,

on which

plank

clothes.
river,

tow.

of a folding

valve

door, a

sound, upside down.

I"**^

sign, mark,

symptom,

hint, direction,

address or place, to which one

A plank on which
A sock.
A cudgeller.

P*t*
Pa-taba
Pateit
Fatal.

is

directed.

washermen beat

clothes.

Regions, according to the Hindus, under

the earth or towards the south-pole in-

habited by a serpentine race, the infernal

regions, hell.

PStal

Rose or pink colour.

Pat-ambar

Silk cloth.

PStan

A roof, name of a

city.

109

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Patan

Eoofing.

Patapar

Name

Patapat

The sound of beating or of

Pati

God,

of a fruit.
the falling

of drops of rain,

name,

honour,

lord,

character,'

master, husband.

Patka

worn round

cloth

A.

the waist, a girdle.

bandhua

To determine

pakarna

To hinder, to obstruct.
The golden girdle (an ensign conferred
by the Peshwa on generals who are

(zari-patka)

invested by

on, or prepare for any act.

him with

queen, a princess.

Pat-sal

college, a school.

Pecli

Twist,

Pat-rant

revolution,

perplexity,

difficulty,

authority).

coil,

plait,

trouble,

screw,
deceit,

complication.

bandhna
chalna

chnnna
dalna
-dar
-dar-pecli

To grapple in wrestling.
To prevail by stratagem.
To bind by twists of a turban with
To throw obstacles in the way.
Twisted, coiled, crooked, intricate.
Coil within

coil,

entangled.

dena

To

circumvent, to deceive.

karna

To

deceive, trick, complicate.

khana

To

coil,

to

difficulties,

kholna

care.

be perplexed, to

fall

into

to sustain a loss.

lena

To
To

nkliarna

To loosen the

nthana

To

untwist, unscrew.

meet, to embrace.
twist of anything.

suffer loss or distress.

Pecha

An

Pechak

Pech-ida'

Twisted.

Pech-ida-gl

Twisting, contortion, winding.

Pekhna

To

Pekhna

Play, farce, sham, comedy.

Pekhniya

Pela

Fault, oppression, a prop, a support.

Pel marna

To

owl.
ball,

skein or clue of thread.

see.

player, an actor.

shove, to push.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

110

To

Pelna

shove,

push,

stuff,

cram,

express,

squeeze out.
Pel-pal

Shoving, pushing.

Pelu

Pem

Love, friendship.

wrestler.

Pend or paind

Pace, step, a rising ground, an eminence.

Peng'

The

exertion

made by people

when two persons keep

in a swing,,

the

swing in

motion without external assistance.

Pen

Sharp.

Per
lagana

Pesh

tree,

To

plant.

plant trees.

Promoted, advanced, respected, confided

possessing influence,

in,

the vowel point

Access, admittance.

ana

To

l)and

behave, to negotiate.

belt passing

over a horse's breast to

prevent the saddle from slipping

-bandi

bin

Prudent, provident, wise.

who

Surpassing, one

dast-i

Excelling, surpassing, aggression.

jana

To go

kabz

forth.

Outstripping, alertness, activity.

-namaz

He

-nigah

Take care

raft

excels.

kind of dagger.

-khaima

nihad

off.

Foresight, timely preparation.

dast

kadaiu-i

front,

(').

amad

treat, to

before,

tent or other bagage sent on before.

that precedes in prayer,

tlie priest.

Custom, regulation, habit, example, model,

profession.

Making impression,

successful,

efficient,

effectual.

-ras

ran
-rau-i

Pesha

Early

fruit,

grain, crops.

precursor, leader,

an advanced guard.

Act of preceding.
Trade, profession, custom, habit, practice.

-war
Peshaul

An
The

artificer.

forehead, brow.

Hi

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

Peshaur, properly

Name

Pesh-awar

of a

by

built

city

Akbar,

the-

word imports "an advanced post", as

it

is

Peshanr-i

the next

town

to the Afghans.

kind of slipper made in Feslianr, a

kind of

rice.

Pesh-gah

The foremost

Peshgi
Pesh-i

An
An

Pesh-in

Anterior, ancient,

Pesh-karl

place, a portico.

advance of money.
advance, precedency, superior rank.

deputy,

former, the afternoon..

agent,

minister,

assistant,

manager.
Deputy-ship.

Pesh'kar-i

Pesh-kash

Pesh-tar

Before, prior, formerly, heretofore.

Peshwa

present, a tribute.

leader, guide,

of the Maharatta

title

minister.

To meet and

lena

to receive a friend or visiter.

Peshwa-i

The meeting and conducting a guest or

Peshwaz

Pet

The

visiter, the

duty of chief

gown, a female

priest, guidance.

dress.

womb, pregnancy,

belly, the

the bore

of a gun, cavity, capacity.

bandhna

To

eat less tiian one's appetite

barhana

To

eat

voraciously,

demands

..

encroach on the

to

share or rights of another.

bhar

Bellyful.

bharna

To fill one's
To complain

dikhana

to

show

belly, to

be

of poverty

one's

belly;

the same time, tap

it

satisfied.

and hunger

to

do

so,

(lii

and

with the hand

at

is

usage among certain beggars in the East).

To

Pet ka dukh dena

To pinch

katna
jjl

aff

starve.

one's belly, to starve one's

ki bateii

Bosom

lag ralina

To be very hungry.

marna

To commit suicide.
To worm one's self

mgj

paithna

self.

Maternal affection.
secrets.

into

the secrets

another, to become intimate.

of

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEEMS.

112

Pet-1

a portmanteau, a

belly-band, a girth,

box, a tumbril, the thorax, chest.

Petiya

Pewakkar
Piwakka;

pension, daily food.

tippler, a toper.

sieve.

Pezna

Embellishment, ornament, dress.

Phaban

Fhabakna

To shoot forth, as a plant.

To become, to fit.
Eed powder, sprinkled in the time of the

Phabna

Phag

Holi,

the

act

throwing

of

powders in the

Holi,

coloured

the gambols of

the Holi.

The hoK, presents made during that

Phagu'a

Phagnn

The name of

Phalgnn

time.

the 11th month.

Phakkar

Wrangling, mutual abuse,

An

baz

Phakoriya

raillery.

abuser, an indecent chatterer.

fop,

an absurd

prattler,

an indecent

talker.

Phakoriyat

Absurdity.

Phakri

The

Phal

Fruit, effect, advantage, children, progeny.

-dar

act of treating with rudeness.

iron

the

li'ruitful,

head

of a spear or

arrow, blade of a sword.

pana

To reap

phalari

Fruits of various kinds.

Phalana

To

Phalas

A
A

Phali CsJ
Phali

Phaliya

kash

the fruit of good or bad actions.

cause to produce.
step, stride.

shield.

^ po<l of any

leguminous plant, especially

of peas, a loop.

hook for drawing the strings through

the holes

by which the walls of a tent

are laced to the top.

PJianda

Phandaua

To

Phandna

To be imprisoned.

Pliaiiga

noose, a net, perplexity, difficulty.

cause to

jump

grasshopper.

or leap over.

H^

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

The quantity

Plianka

mouth

To

mama

eat

noose, a slip-knot.

To

lagana

to be eaten.

by chucking food into the mouth,

chuck food into the mouth.

to
p]ia,j^g

thrown into the

be

can

that

fingers,

gathered by the

of food,

catch in a noose.

Entanglement.

Phansa'o

pjj^jf^gj

noose, loop, strangulation.

To

dena

hang, to strangle.
'='iiit suicide.

'^

lagana

Phausna

footpad

who

passengers

strangles

or

travellers.

Phauswana.

to entrap.

'^ noose, to ensnare,

Phausna
.

^o be

.....

entangled, to stick, to be involved,

or entrapped, to be caught,
,

_,

^,

_,

over and above

given

small quantity

that purchased.

Pha'ora

mattock, spade, hoe.

A crutch

Pha'ori

wood with

of

held

leans, a piece

on which a jogi
both

in

support at each end,

hands,

horizontally,

in

performing the exercise of dand, which

in

consists

placing

hands on the

the

ground and then bending down

so as

almost to touch the earth with the breast.

One who

thus exercises

dand-pel, will,
to

if

himself,

expert,

called

raise himself

an upright position, without again

touching the ground, an instrument like

a

rake

small

or

hoe

for

removing a

horse's dung.
,

phar

gaming-house where dice are played,

also the table used

if

any, a place where

goods are exposed for

sale,

the shafts

or pole of a carriage.

baz

player at dice, a gambler, a prater, a

talkative fellow.
Ibazi

'Pharak

Playing at dice, gambling.

fluttering, vibrating, throbbing.

114

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Fharakna

To

flutter, io vibrate convulsively, to

throb^

to writhe the shoulders.

Phariya

Pharsa

A pick-axe, or other instrument for digging..

Phasana

To

pedlar,

who keeps

one

retailer,

a.

gambling-house.

cause to stiek-as in mud-, to entangle,

to

catch,

cause to

to

be imprisoned,.

to squash.

Phata
Phate men panw dena.

To

Phatak

crack.
interfere in anything.
gate, a large, door, stocks, arrest, the-

bar of a court of justice.

band!

Custody, imprisonment.

Phatakha

Phatakna

To winnow,

Phatki

cracker (firework).
to dust, to be separated.

fowler's net, a large cage, a rope tied

to a tree to frighten birds with its sounds

Phen
_
.,
Phena
jna

Foam,

..

froth,

Phen-i

Phenk

Throw,
dena'

kind of sweetmeat.
cast.

Phenkna

To throw away.
To throw, to fling,

Phent or phaint

Waist-band, fob.

Phent^

Pher

Turning, maze, curvature,

small turban.

cumference,

To

parna

To

Pheri-waia

equivocation,

twisting, cir-

ambiguity,

distance, again, back.

difficulty,

dena

to dart.

return.
differ.

pedlar.

Phet

The waist when bound with a

Pheta

Phik

The point of

Phlkii

"Weak, vapid, tasteless, pale, sallow, light

Phir or phlri

Again, then.

Phirki

small

turban,

belt.

waist-band without

a fringe.
a

whip or scourge.

in colour.

whirligig, anything turning, as

axis.

on

an.

115

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

Phirna

To

turn, return, walk about, wbirl, wheel,

wander.

Phirta

Returning, premium, brokerage.

Phisalna

To

Phitkar

Curse, malediction,

to slide, to err.

slip,

removing something

to a distance.

Phitkarna

To

Phitkari or pMtkiri

Alum.

Phonk

The notch of an arrow, hollow, not

PhoipM

curse.

solid

(particularly, jewels),

pipe,

anything perforated or

tube,

hollow.

Phora

Phorna

To

Phn'a

Father's sister, a lizard.

Phudakna

To jump,

sore.

boil,

break, burst.

to

leap,

small birds),

to

hop (applied

to

dance about in token

to

of delight.

Phndki

The name of a

Phiiha

bird, (Certhia tula).

fictitious teat

to

calf or

by which milk

kid

unable

to

is

given

suck the

mother.

Phuhar

Undisciplined, uneducated, stupid, obscene,

rude (applied to women), a bad housewife, a slut or slattern.

-pan or -pana

Stupidity.

PhuM

Small rain.

PhSiyau

Drizzling.

Phiikar

Phnkna
Phnkni

To blow.

phnl

A
A

fine,

sensible

young

fellow.

blow-pipe.
flower, a blossom, a swelling, a kind

of bell metal,

ceremony, the charred

bones of a burnt body, a kind of drink

for the dead.

dar

Having

jana

To

jharna

To speak

become

to

kol)i

flowers.

swell, to be delighted, to be pleased,

fat.

eloquently.

cauliflower.

GLOSSAllY OF INDIAN TERMS.

116
^^-snngh

te ralina ....

To

in

live

eat very

PMla

fragrance

the

of flowers, to

little,

Swelled, blossomed.

na-saniaua

Not

to be able to contain one's self

from

delight, to be overjoyed.

Phulna

To blossom, flower,

Phulou ka gahna

Flower wreaths or garlands.

ki chhari

Fhnnk

thin stick

be pleased, bepufl^edup.

wrapped round with

Act of blowing, a

den^

To

set

on

flowers.

blowing up

puff,

fire.

fire.

phunk-ke paiiw
dharna

To

Phnnsi

act or

walk carefully and cautiously.

pimple.

PhSpha

Father's sister's husband.

PMpM

Father's sister.

Phur

True, right.

Phnrt or phnrti
karna

Phus

Activity, quickness.

To make

haste.

Old dry grass or stranw.

ineu chingari dalna.

To

excite contention or strife.

Phnsahinda

Disgusting, stinking.

Phuska

Weak, without strength,

Phnslana

To

coax,

wheedle,

slack (as a knot).

cajole,

decoy,

flatter,

entice.

Phut

kind of melon {Cncumis momordlca),

odd,

unpaired,

difference

of opinion,

separation, a flaw.

parna

hona
kar rona

To arise (dissension).
To be divided in opinion.
To weep excessively.

Phuta

Broken.

Phiitan

Wrangling, disagrement, misunderstanding.

Phiit-i

Disagreement, disparity.

PhStkar

Ketail.

Phutkl

Phutna

To be broken,

blot, spot, stain.

to

be

broken

into

or

broken down, to be dispersed, to burst,

to

be

made

public,

to

arise

forth (as a smell).

Pi

Beloved, a lover, husband.

or

burst

GLOSSARY OP INDrAN TEEMS.

117

PTb

Pus, matter, corruption.

Pibiyana

To suppurate.

PIchh

Rice-water, rice-gruel.

PIchha

Tlie hinder part, the rear, pursuit, perse-

cution, absence.

karna

To pursue,

lena

To pursue,

to chase, to recoil (a gun).

importune, to obstinately

to

persevere.

pherna
Pichharl

To

withdraw.

leave, to

The

by which a horse's

ropes

rear, the

hind legs are

tied.

marna

To

attack in the rear.

dalna

To

leave behind, to outstrip.

pai'ua

To dance

attendance,

to

importune,

to

dun, to persecute, to torment.

Pichkana

To

Pichkari

Pidar or Padar

Father.

Pidarana

Father-like, fatherly.

Pidda

Name

Pighalna

To

PI jana,

To drink

squeeze, wrinkle, burst.

squirt, a syringe.

of a bird.

melt, or be melted.

up,

The

Pik

to

repress one's passions,

from answering.

to refrain

of the betel-leaf

juice

chewed and

spit out.

dan

spitbox, spittoon.

An

PIl

name of one

elephant,

of the pieces

at chess.

Pna

Yellow.

Pilana

To

give or cause to drink, to suckle, to

nurse.
Pill

Pilpa

Aiflicted with elephantiasis.

Pilpaya

PIna

To

Pinak

The bow of

Pind

gold mohur.

pillar,

column

{lit.

an elephant's

foot).

drink, smoke.

Siva,

a musical instrument*

Body, person.

chnrana

To

avoid, to escape.

parua

To

follow,

balls

made

to

pursue,

to

be intent on,

of flour or rice, at a religious

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

118

ceremony of HindSs, they are afterwards

thrown into the

river or given to cows.

Pind

Pinda

Body, person, a lump of

roller.

clay, a

bundle

or ball of string.

Pindar

Thought, imagination, opinion,

Findara

plunderer,

pillager

(among Maha-

rattas).

The upper

Pindi

part of a

of anything that
the

a small

fist,

small altar

Siva-ling', a

or ball of twine,

clue

a cubit square,

of sand,

on which oblations

lump

contained in

can be

the

to

manes are

offered.

A kind of

Pindol

white earth used by the Hindus

cover

to

wash

or

the

walls

of their

houses with.

Pingal

Art of measuring
of a fabulous
serpent to

Pinki

treatise

on prosody

cage.

To be

liona

whom

the form of a

ascribed, tawny, pale.

is

Pinjra

name

verses, prosody,

being in

or

grow

lean.

Intoxication from eating opium, drowsiness,

nodding.

Pipa

Pipal

A
A

pipe, barrel, cask.

species of fig

Long
Pir

An
An

(p.)

-zan

Pir (pj
Pir fh.)

(Ficns religiosa).

old man,
old

a saint,

a spiritual guide.

woman.

Monday.
Pain, sickness, pity, mercy.

Pira, pila
Pira'i

tree.

pepper.

Yellow.
;

Piran

Name

of a

or

caste

kind of drum called

dliol.

tribe

Charity-lands

honour of a

Pirha
Pirhi

Pirtima or Pratima

who

beat a

(bestowed on the poor in

saint).

stool or chair.
,

a generation.

Image, statue, picture,

likeness,

an

idol.

GLOSSABiY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Pirthi, pritUi

PirtM or

The

prithi-nath.

earth, the grpupd.

Lord of the

An

^**^''''

119

evil

earth, a sovereign, a king.

of a

spirit

particular

Qiass,

demon, a spectre.

Pisach-m

Pis^'i

Price paid for grinding.

Pisan

Meal,

Pisana

To

female pisach,

Pisar

boy, a son, a child.

An

-khwanda
khwauda-gX

flour.

grind, to reduce, to meal.

adopted son.

Adoption.

Pista

Pista-I-rang

Pea-green.

Pistan

Breasts.

pistachio nut.

Pit

Love, friendship.

Pita

A
'inaha

father.

Father's father, paternal grandfather.

Pital

Brass.

PItam

IJo^t beloved, a lover, a husband.

Pit-amltar

silk

cloth

of yellow colour.

(Vulg.),

a silk cloth.

Pitara

large basket, a portmanteau.

Pitarl (h.)

A small basket.
A weevil,an insect bred in rice or other grain.

Pitar-pakh

The

Pitari (h.)

first

or dark

fortnight of the lunar

asin month.

The back.

Pith

To run away.
To throw down

dena
lagana

in wrestling.

PItha

To have a sore pn the back (a horse}.

To pat on the back, to encourage.
To turn one's back, to depart, leave, fly.
A kind of food made of rice and flour.

lagna

par hath pherna

pherna

PItna

To

Pitr

Ancestors, manes, of the dead,

Pitr arpan

Gifts in

Pitr saradh

The obsequies of a father.

Pitroi ko panl.dena. ...

To

Piya

beat, strike, thrash.

honour of one's deceased ancestors.

offer a libation of water.

Beloved, dear, husband, lover.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

120
Piyada

Piyala or pyala

foot-man, a foot soldier, a

glass, cup,

die (phrase used

To

hona
karna
Piyara or pyara

janna

To

by

fakirs).

fondle.

Beloved.

To

esteem.

Dawn

of day.

To make
See

Po'Ts

at chessv

Love, aifection.

Piyar or pyar

Poh

pawn

priming pan of a gun.

bread.

Ho

holla! (calling to people to get

out of the way).

Poklian

Breeding, rearing.

Pokhar

Pola

Soft, hollow.

Polad

The

pond, a tank.

finest

that of

Damascus

which,

steel,

Kaum, was esteemed the

with-

best irt

the east.

Ponga

blockhead,

joint of

sort

of drum,

thin.

bamboo, empty,

Popla

One whose teeth have

Popni

Per

The space between two

fallen out, toothless.

wind instrument.

lations

of the

joints or articu-

body or of a bamboo,,

or sugar-cane.

Pora

Finger.

Posh

Covering, clothed in (used in compos.).

pa

(covering the feet)

sabz

Clothed in green.

Poshak

shoes,

slippers.

Vestments, dress, habit.

Poshak-i

fit

for

making

(cloth).

Poshida
-gi

Post

Concealed, hidden.

Concealment.
Crust, shell, skin, bark, rind.

-kan

preparer of skins.

Posts

Poppy-head.

Post-1

One who

intoxicates himself with infusioa

of poppy-heads.
Post-In

leather garment, fur, a fault, blemish.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEUMS.

2 1-

Vot

Cs.

Pot

f/i.J

Nature, disposition, quality, glass beads,,

boat.

beads.

Pota

Potii

The

Potdar

Potlu Ck.J

A
A
A
A

PotI

Grand-daughter.

Potiya

Potla
Potli

A
A

Pra-bala

Predominant, violent, strong, powerful.

Prabandh

Prabes

Entrance, access.

Prabha

Splendour.

Pra-bha'o

Influence, prosperity, felicity, majesty.

Prabhat

Morning, dawn.

Prabhat-i

Sung

Potha

PotM

fk.J

grandson, a descendant.
eye-lid, the

crop of birds, stomach-

cash-keeper.

large book.

book.
clove of garlic.

cloth

worn

at the time of bathing.^

large bundle.

bundle.

kind of song,

style,

composition of

lu^

discourse.

or

tune

in

ragini peculiar

to-

morning.

Prabha

Commander,

Prabhuta-i

Government,

lord, principal, master.

option, superiority^.

liberty,

influence, legislation.

Prachin

Ancient.

Pra-dacbchbin

Going round an object

to

which respect

intended with the right hand always

is

towards

it

(a religious ceremony), circuit,.,

circumambulatio n

Obvious, notorious, public.

Pargat
J

Pragatna

To

issue

forth,

to

become manifest,

to

Pargatna

appear.

Prahar

The

Praharl
Praja

A
A

Prakar

Manner, method, kind,

Prakaram

Strength, vigour.

Prakas

Apparent, conspicuous,

act of beating, a stroke.

striker, smiter, debaser.

subject, tenant, renter.

sort.

clear,

(m. light)-

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

122
Prakiti

Nature, the natural state or disposition,

Pralabdh

Pate, lot, destiny, predestination.

Praman

Quantity, proof, verification.

Pramanik

Proper, creditable, reverend, chairman of

habit.

an assembly,
tribe

Pran

among

Bengal) a chief of a

(in

the inferior castes.

Breath, soul,

Paran

sweetheart, mistress.

life,

Soul's lord.

pati

Pranam

Salutation,

Prani

Having

Prapti

Keceiving, getting.

life,

bow, obeisance.
an animated, a human being.

Prarthana

Supplication, prayer.

Prassan

Eejoiced, pleased.
liona

Prasannata

To

acquiesce, to like.

Acquiescence, pleasure, favour.

Praschit

Atonement, expiation.

Prashn

Question.

Prasiddh

Notorious, famous.

Prat

Morning, dawn of day.

Pratap

Auspices, splendour, glory.

Pratapl

Glorious.

Prathain

First, before.

Prathmi

The

Pratipal

Patronising,

earth, ground.

tuition,

fostering,

rearing,

breeding, cherishing.

Pratipalak

Cherisher, patron.

Prem

Love, affection, friendship.

rang-rata

Coloured with the dye of love, loving.

Prem-i

Affectionate, lover.

Pret

departed

soul,

spirit

of the

dead,

a ghost, an evil spirit.

Pretni
Prit

fA

female ghost.

Love, friendship.
favourite, friend, lover, beloved.

Prlthi (see pirthi)

The

Prithu

Name

earth.

of an ancient Raja, son of Vena,

Raja of Bettoor.

He

was married

to a

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

123

form, of the goddess

Lakshmi, and taught

men
I'i'iyS

to cultivate the earth.

Beloved, dear, mistress, sweetheart.

l?H'a

P.

Absurd,

Piicli

kind of pancake.
useless,

injudicious,

inordinate,

obscene, nonsense.
baf-I

Talking (or weaving) nonsense.

-go

Talking nonsense.

Puchara

Whitewash, a sponge, a brush for whitewashing.

deua
I

pherna

j
(

To

lay on a thin coat of clay, to white-

wash, to

flatter.

Puchh
Puchhna
Puchhwaiya

Inquiry, investigation.

Pnja

Worshipping,

To

ask, to inquire.

An

inquirer.

adoration,

veneration, de-

votion, idolatry.

Piijapa

Oft'erings, libations.

Puja-pat

Worship, idolatry.

Pujari

worshipper, a priest having charge of

an idol temple.

PSyna

To worship,

PBjya

Venerable.

Pukar

Calling out aloud.

Pukar dena
Pnkarna

To proclaim

Pukhraj

Pukhta

Dressed food,

To

publicly, to

call.

aloud, to cry out.

call

topaz.

of brick,

karna

to adore, to venerate.

To make

sly,

baked

bricks),

(as

strong.

Pukhtagi

Maturity, experience of the world.

Pnkhtakar

Experienced, strong.

Pukhtakar-i

Experience.

Pukhtari

Cakes

meat

laid
is

made

knowing, wise, firm, strong.

over

dishes,

in

which

the

kept warm, cakes, impregnated

with ghi, whence,

mama

pukhtariyau

khana, to eat cakes prepared by his

mother,

tomed

i.e.

applied to a person accus-

to luxury

or fatiarue.

and incapable of labour

124

GLOSSABiT OP INDIAN TEH.MS.

Pnl

embankment.

bridge, an

(To make a bridge),

bandhna

The bridge

Pul-sirat

they

Pula'o

signifies

limit,

to

bound.

to

Mnsalmans

over which

must pass

believe-

into paradise.

kind of dish made of

flesh

and

rice.

Pnni

Punya

Virtue, virtuous action, charity, merit.

,
)

Pnnya'i

virtuous action,

who

to those

performed (according

hold the doctrine of the

metempsychosis) in one state of existence,

the

reward of which

is

transmigration,

future

in a

received

merit of an an-

cestor rewarded in his descendants.

Pfinji

Capital in trade, stock, principal sum,

Pnnyatma
Pur CsJ

Charitable, virtuous, religious.

city,

Pnr
Pnr fpj
Pnra

son.

town.

Full, complete.

complete,

Entire,

exact,

total,.

full,

sufficient.

To

karua

fill,

to reimburse.

Pnra

A
A

Purab

East, eastern, former, prior.

Pnraiia

Hindu sacred books.

Ptira

kind of cake made of pease meal.

large village.

To

Pnrana
Piiraumasi

Pnrna-masi

fill,

old.

The day of the

full

moon, when Hindus

bathe in the Ganges or other sacred river.

Pnrbi

The bhasha

Purl
Purl

A
A
A

Pnrkha

An

rag sung in the third watch,

bat

Purkhe
Pnrnsna

or dialect of the eastern district,

eastern..

kind of fresh cake fried in ghl.

complete sentence.
skin with which a
old

man, an

drum

elder,

is

made.

an ancestor.

Ancestors, ancestry.

Pnrohit

priest

who

presides at the performance-

of religious ceremonies, family priest.

Pnrohitani

The wife of

a Purohit.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Pursish

Inquiry

Purush
Piirwa

A
A

small village.

Purza

scrap (generally

'ISB

(generally

health),

after

inter-

rogation, questioning.

man.

rag, the

of paper), piece, bit,

nap of cloth, or the down of birds.

Purze hona

To

Pur-jarur

Very necessary, most

Piis

The ninth Hindu month.

Pushp

Push pat

The

Pusht

Back, progenitors, ancestry, a prop, second,

wounded

be severely

flower.

Knvera, god of

car of

an

Piishta

riches.

assistant.

G eneration by

ba-pusht

in battle.

essential.

generation.

buttress, bank, hill.

An embankment.

baudi
PushtainT

Hereditary, ancestral.

Pushtak

vice in horses,

plunging and kicking

up behind.

A
A
A
A

Pusht-ara

Put
zambura
Putki

A
A

Pntla
Putli

ka tara karna

load borne on the back.

son.

young monkey.
term of abuse.
puppet, an image.
small

image,

To honour

or

the apple of the eye.

esteem

as

the

apple of

the eye.

ka tamasha

puppet show.

Putr(a)

son.

Putri

daughter.

PntthS

The buttock,

PuttM
Puwal
Puz

The

swang

nach

)
I

felly

the hip of any animal.

of a wheel.

Straw.

The

-mal

lip

of a horse.

A cord twisted tight

round a horse's

ear to enable the farrier to

Pyar
Piyar

,
'

Love, affection.

lip or

manage him.

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

126
Piyar karna

To

Pyari

Beloved, pleasant.

Pyas

Thirst.

fondle.

To quench thirst.
To be thirsty.
To suffer thirst.

bnjhana
lagna

marna
Pyasa

Thirsty.

Pyase marna

To be

very thirsty.

Q.
" This letter

is

by

represented

in this work."

R.
In

Arabic

and

Persian

there

one

only

is

which has a distinctly lingual sound.

form

of this letter^

In Hindi, and Hindiistani^

there are three forms to denote (1) r, fully

sounded wilh the tongue-

vibrating on the palate, or, as in the French amonr. (2) r, pronouned

with the point of the tongue reverted on the palate.

the

last,

(3)

rh,

as^

aspirated.

Ba'aiyat (Plur. ra'aya).

-parvrar-I

Ba'aiyat-i

subject, tenant.

Protection of subjects.
Subjection, tenancy.

Syrup, liquid juice of the sugar-cane.

Bnb
Jtabab

Babab-I
,

Rabab-iy

kind of violin.

player

on the rabab.

'

Raban or Bavaua

Son of Vishrava and Kalkasi, was king of

Lanka
his

(Ceylon), carried

Sita,

and

kingdom was deprived her husband

Rama-chandra.
having
a

away

It is said that

Tishna^

an inclination for war,

caused

Brahman

g.v.

to curse his

wishing that 'they

earth three

times,

two door-keepers

might

be born on

returning after each

time to their original forms of porters-

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

to the

earth,

to

so

They

By

tliese

be

nearly

deity.

contrived

have

to

as

127
means Vishnu
matched

good

on

battle.

appeared as Hiranyaksha and

first

Hiranyakashipa ; then, as Havana and

Enmbhakarna; and

lastly, as

and Dantavaktra;

in

opposed

they

characters

Shishupal

each

of

the

which

deity

in.

different avatars.

Babar

Patigue, fruitless labour.

fiabarna

To

fatigue

one's

self,

run

to

about

fruitlessly.

Eabb

Lord, preserver, a name of God.

Eabbani

Divine, godly.

Eabda

Mud.

Kabda

Fatigued.

Rabi'

The

spring, the

spring harvest or grain.

cut in the spring.

RabT-bar

Sunday.

Rabi'i

Produced in the spring, vernal.

Rabri

Thick milk, a kind of milk food.

Rabt

Connexion,

bond,

binding,

friendship,.

practice, habit, use.

Rachana

To

set to

to do, to

of the

work, to set a going, to make,.

make merry,

to stain the nails

hands and feet with hinna, to

celebrate.

Rachchha

Protection, assistance, patronage, shadowing.

safety.

Rachchhak
Racbhas
achbasaul

A
A

protector, keeper, redeemer.

female racbhas.

demon,

fiend.

Rachhasi

Bemoniacal.

Rachna

To be made,

created,

work, employed,
like,

keep

to

time

in

prepared,
stain,

set

to-

colour, love,

music,

penetrate,,

predestinate, make, form, invent, prepare,,

compose, perform.

Had
chhad

tooth.

The

lips.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

ISS

Kadd

EejectioD, repulsion, resistance, refutation,

vomiting.
-badal

Argument, discussion,

-i-jawab

-i-salam

lieturning compliments.

To

karna

altercation.

rejoinder.

vomit.

reject,

Badda

Badd-i

Rejected, rejected things.

work of a day.

layer of a wall, the

B^dhana^ari

Badif.

A man

kind of

silk cloth.

behind

riding

another

on the

same horse, the rhyming word of a poem.

Ba'e

A
A

(Ji.)

rayan

(Hindii) prince, chief.

Hindii

title

the

chief of princes.

Ba'e (a.)

Wisdom, opinion, thought,

Ba'e-baus

A
A

Ba'e-bel

gnman

Ba'e

zann
J

Ba'ezani karna

Baf a

|
|

counsel.

kind of spear.
flower so called.

judgment,

Opinion,

notion,

persuasion,

one who gives his opinion.

To form
Mending

or give an opinion.
(a

garment),

friendship,

quieting,

cementing broken
pacifying,

peace,

tranquility.

Baf

Elevation, promotion, ascending, finishing,

completing, settling, deciding, repelling,

removing.

daf

Deciding, settling, finishing.

i-sharr

Settling a dispute, deciding a difference,

getting rid of a dispute.

Elevation, promotion,

Eaf-'at

dignity, eminence,

nobility.

Baf i'

High, sublime, exalted.

"u-l-kadr

Of high

"n-1-makan

Of

A
A

Baflk
BafljT

Bafta

estimation.

exalted rank.
friend, ally, associate,

companion.

heretic, particularly a shi'ah. j.b.

Gone, departed, deceased,

lost.

Bafta rafta

Gtoing, in the

act

of going, by degrees,

gradually, in process of time.

Baf ii

Darning, a darn.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Eaf u chakkar

Making

chakkar meu a-jaua

To be

129

one's escape, stealing

rgar

-gar-i

The employment of darning.

darner.

To run away,

liona

Kag

off.

lost in astonisiament.

to retire.

musical mode, of which there are

six,

music, song, tune, anger, passion, love.

chhaua

To be

in concert.

-mala

Name

of a treatise

on music, consisting

of illustrations of the primary and subordinate modes,

and the subjects appro-

priated to each.

rang

Music.

sSgar

song composed of many rags or mu-

sical

Bag

modes.

vein, fibre.

charhna

To be

dar

Veined, cloth in which the threads are

i-gardan

Pride.

obstinate, pettish, proud.

uneven, a wicked brat.

inarna

To become

resha

Every

vein.

ntarna

To be

appeased, to have a rupture.

agar

impotent.

Attrition, friction, rubbing.

Kagara or Bagra
-jhagra

Quarrelling, rubbing, polishing.

Quarrel, debate, discussion.

Eoad, way, manner.

Bah
award

bandhua

To

bar

preseut brought from on a journey.

refuse

admittance,

to

stop

one's

progress.

-bar-I

chhorna

guide, conductor.

Conducting, guiding on the way.

To give way.

dalna

To

dar

dar-I

Collection of duties (on roads).

establish a custom.
collector of duties (on roads).

To

expect, to wait for.

karna

To

contract friendship.

kharch

Charges of the road, travelling expenses.

9

GL0S8AEY OF INDIAN TERMS.

130

own

To

follow one's

lena

To

go, to depart.

marna

To waylay,

Rah lagna

ne under

lay

to

rob,

to

restraint, to

devices..

ruin one's prospects in

nama

pama
rakhna

To establish mutual confidence.

To keep up an intercourse.

ran

rawish

Manners, habits, customs.

life..

book or map of roads.

traveller.

Just, right.

-sir

zan

zan-i

Highway robbery.

highwayman.

Rah-i

Eah

(Gontracton of rah), a road, path.

-uaward

nnma

traveller,

way-farer, travelling.

traveller, a galloping horse.

guide.

Kahas

Waggery, merriment,

Bahasna

To be

Rabat

Staying, remaining.

Rabat

Rabat

Quiet, repose, ease, tranquility.

Raluk

Wine, pure, of the best quality.

Rahim

Merciful (an

secret,

private.

pleased, to rejoice.

wheel for drawing water with.

prophet

of

epithet,

God and

the-

Mnbammad).

Mercy.

Rahim-i

Rabin
Rabkala

Rabkala

>

mortgagor.

small cannon, a swivel, a cart.

,,

Rabla

A kind of pulse,

Rabui

Mercy,

chana, (cicer arietinum).

kindness,

pity,

sort

of sweet

cake of a white colour.

-dil

Tender-hearted, merciful, kind.

Rahman

Merciful, forgiving.

Kahna

To

stay,

stop,

(An

remain,

epithet of God).
be,

exist,

last,

stand, continue, live, escape.

Rahta

Rabn

Typhon, or the dragon that

spinning-wlieel.

to devour the
eclipse, the

Rahwa

is

supposed

sun or moon durinar an

ascending node.

slave (not purchased).

131

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Rahwa'I

House-rent.

An

Eahwalya
Ra'i

".

-ka'i

inhabitant.

A kind of nrastard seed,

Broken

with small grains.

to small pieces or atoms.

Ea'iha

Fragrance, perfnme, odour.

Ka'jj

Customary, current, usual, common.

u-l-wakt

The fashion or custom of

the time.

Ba'Is

Prince, president, chief, captain.

Kaj

Dust, a substance

with which the tilak,

made, quality

is

q.v.,

of passion, love

of sensual enjoyment.

Kaj

(s.)

Government, sovereignty,

kingdom,

bhog

royalty, reign,

(in compos), prince, king.

Victuals placed before idols at noon.

bhnban

-gadi

King's cushion, throne.

royal residence, palace.

kanya

princess.

mandir

royal residence, palace.

pat or -pati

Hindu

mortal disease, consumption.

-rog

satha
-tilak

Baj

(p.)

Kaja

title,

prince.

The king's court

The

A
A

royal

mark on

or assembly.
the forehead, coronation.

mason, bricklayer.
king,

prince,

bestowed by

title

the Indian Government on distinguished

or

others,

and

who

were

thus

land-holders

Indians,

permitted

to

some,

designated during the

Muhammadaa rule

but which carries with

it

no authority

or power, in the ancient acceptation of

the term. This

raja,

also

title,

serves

to

the quasi-independent
jjaja

Kajab

and

that of

designate

Maha-

some of

princes of India.

Hope, prayer, supplication, intercession.

The seventh month of the Muhammadan

year, it was unlawful to go to war
during

this

month.

jjajas

Love of

pleasure, sensual enjoyment.

Sajasn-jag.-

sacrifice

grand

by an emperor attended

by tributary kings.

GLOSSAEY or INDIAN TEEMS.

132
Bajat

Silver.

Raj-baus-i

Descendant of

Bajpnt
Baj-dhaui

The

Baja,

name of a

the

tribe.

metropolis,

of

seat

empire,

royal

residence.

Eaj-dhar

The prime minister of a B^a.

Rajiii

Detestation,

reptdse,

stoning

dejection,

to death.

Bajo-gnu

One

of the three characters or dispositions

by the HindSs

assifj-ned

mind.

They

are (1)

to

the

human

Satiya, goodness,

(2) Baja, passion or love

benevolence.

of sensual enjoyment, pleasure. (3) Tama,

darkness,

promptitude to the

delusion,

passions.

vindictive

hibited in the

Hindu

raja prevails,

These are
Trinity

in

all

ex-

Brahma,

Yishnu, Sativa, and

in

in Siva, tama.

Eajwara

kingdom, a country under the control

of a Baja.

Bakaba

Neck,

Bakam

slave, enclosure, esplanade, environs.

mark, sign, writing, character, a

of

notation,

arithmetical

from the

initials

chiefly

mode
taken

of the Arabic words

denoting the numbers, also a character

in this notation, arithmetic, manner, kind,

method,

karna

sort, a royal edict.

To mark down,

to write.

Bakam-I

Written, marked.

Bakas

Bakasan

Dancing, skipping about.

Eak"at

Bowing

Bakhak

Keeper.

demon, an

the

evil spirit, a giant.

body

in prayer.

Bakhau

Keeping, charge, protection.

Bakhana

To

give

in

charge,

to

cause

to

keep,

put, place.

Bakhl

tribute paid

to

a Sikh chief for pro-

tection, a protector, guardian, grass

has been preserved

which

for cattle, hay.

(In

view of the frequent droughts in India,

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

133

was suggested that the system of

it

should be introduced
food for cattle in pits
been, at

An

Kakhl

i.e.
;

silos

of preserving

but this has not

generally, adopted).

all events,

amulet or string which Hindus

round

their

arms on a certain

Rakhiya

Protection, keeping.

Rakhna

To

tie

festival.

keep, put, place, have, hold, possess,

lay,

station, leave,

set,

own, stop,

save,

reserve.

Rakh chhorna
Rakh dena
lena

To place, keep, have, give in charge.

To put down, place, keep, put by.
To take in charge, to take into keeping
or service.

Rakhsh

famous horse of Bustam,

horse, a

g.v.,

splendour, the rays or reflection of light.

Rakhshan

Eesplendent, refulgent, dazzling.

Rakhshanda

Rakhshinda'

RakhsUndagi
Rakht

Shining, flashing.

of lightning.

flash

Property, apparatus, furniture, apparel.

bandhna

To pack

i-azimat

Intention.

i-safar

Rakhwa-i

Rakhwal
Rakhwala
Rakhwara

Goods

The

up.

for travelling, a pedlar's stock.

price paid for keeping.

>

guard,

keeper,

shepherd,

cowherd,

goatherd.

Rakhwal-i

Keeping, guarding, grazing

Rakib

enemy,

rival,

one

who

cattle.

watches,

guardian.

Rakib

rider,

also,

riding,

on a

mounted on a

horse,

ship.

Rakkas or Rakslias

Vide, R^kas.

Raksh

Dance, dancing.

Rakt
Blood, red

Rakat
,

-chandan

Red sandal-wood.

Ral

Eesin, rosin, pitch, saliva.

Ram, Rama

The seventh Hindu

incarnation, God.

134

GLOSSABY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

Kam-kahaiii

ram

The Bamayan, a long

story.

common Hindu form

of salutation.

Sam
Flight, elopement.
I

karua

To

khnr

Taking to

khnrda

Taken

Bama-cliandra

run away.

fly,

flight.

to flight.

Son of Dasaratha,

and

He

Lanka or Ceylon.

conqueror

avatar; when the deity

descended for

who

the purpose of destroying Havana,

having

obtained

his

(for

Brahma

promise from

of

was the seventh

devotion)

he should

that

not suffer death by any of the usual

means, had become the tyrant and pest

The Deratas came

of mankind.

in the

shape of monkeys, as Havana had gained

no promise of safety from them

^Hanuinana was Kama's

general.

hence

Bama-

Chandra's mothers's name was Eanshalya.

His younger brother Bharata was son

of Kekayi,

who was

the cause of

Rama's

going to the desert to perform devotions,

on the banks of the Pampa nadi,

in-

should reign the

son

her

sisting that

Rama employed

in

fourteen years

that

the devotions;

while engaged in these,

or

during

his

sojourn

by

on an

Snmitra),

absence,

hunting,

beggar,

daughter

promised

and

occasion

away

enticed

Raja,

of

his

certain

Sita,

as

the

who had

any person who

to give her to

could break a

forests

(his brother

Ravana appeared

Janaka

of

the

in

accompanied by Lakshmana

bow, which was

done by Ramachandra. These incidents

are related in

Ramayau

q.v.

The

story

given there of the abduction of Sita

as

fellows;

round Sita,

Rama had drawn

and

is,

a circle

forbidden her to

go

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

beyond

LaJishmana to take

leaving

it,

care of her

135

which alarmed him

her

then,

Karana appeared,
the

circle

his flying

for his brother, !eft

him;

seek

to

(gandi), and

cut,

reigned in

her in

carried
air

Barana

bird, Jatayu,

whose

and escaped. Bamachandra

Awadh

Bam-daha'I

\ji asseveration,

Bamayan

^n

epic

that

Sita out of

In the

chariot.

was

it

enticed

was opposed by the

wings he

some noise

but, he, hearing

(Ayodhya), B.C. 1600.

by Bama.

poem by Talmiki, containing

Bama. The rescue of Sita

the history of

from Bavana

celebrated annually by

is

Hindus, when an

effigy

of Bavana, amidst

a great display of fire-works,

^^^^^

The

Geomancy,

To

Bamanandi

last breath,

departing

foretelling

by

burnt.

is

spirit.

figures.

entice, beguile, take possession

^^^^

^^

mnm

fakirs,

of.

believers

in

Bama.
Bamavatar

^j^^ incarnation of

of

Bamawat

Vishnu in the person

Bama.

gy^^Q^ of ^

sect of

To be scorched by
ninth

Hindu

the sun

fakirs.

the

Muhammadan month

name of the

because

when

name given by the Pagans

was changed, this month happened in the
the ancient

season of the greatest heat. During this

month Musalmans
eating, drinking,

are

interdicted from

and conjugal intercourse,

between the morning dawn and appearance of the stars at night.

that

on the 27th of

this

They

believe

month

the

Kur'an. began to descend, and that every

prayer offered up on that night will be

complied with.

Also,

prayers

19th, 21st, and 23rd days of this

on the

month

are supposed to be peculiarly efficacious.

Bambhna

To

low, to bellow, crv out.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

136

common

appellation of

vulgar,

common

people.

Bam,

Sam-chera

Slave of

Baindn phattn

The mob,

a slave.

Bamida

disturbed, afflicted.

errified,

Bamkeli.

Name

Bammal
BSmpi

soothsayer, fortune-teller, conjurer.

shoemaker's knife, a scraper.

Kamsar

The name of a wood, of a kind of

Ramtnra'T

The name of a

Samz

of a ragini or musical mode.

reed.

vegetable, Ochra (Hibiscus

escnlentns).

wink, nod, sign, riddle, enigma, mys-

terious allusion,

Ean

ambiguous expression.

Battle, war.

bhnmi

Field of battle.

BHna

Hindu

title

of a prince or raja (rani,.

a princess).

Ban-ban

Rand

The name of a

wilderness.
tree.

(Palma

christi. Bi-

ciuns vnlgaris), the castor-oil plant.

Band
ka sand

widow.

Son of a widow, a

spoilt child,

Banda

plane for smoothing wood.

Banda
Banda

hole, loop-hole,

embrasure.

Rejected, driven out, expelled.

Banda-pa
,
_
Banda-paro

Widowhood.

Banda

Barren.

(The mangoe

are so called,

fish

without

and the word

is

roes-

applied,

to unproductive trees).

baz

A
A

baz-i

Whoring.

Band!

...

woman

(generally in a bad sense).

whore-monger.

Bandiya

Bandna

To

Bandni

Parsley.

Band-paros

Neighbourhood.

Bandua

widow.
expel.

widower.

Bang
._

Banga

I
'

Pewter,

tin.

137

GLOSSARY OF INOIAN TERMS.

Rang

Colour,

hue,

manner,

paint,

method,

amusement, merriment, pleasure.

afshan-I

Scattering colour.

amez-i

Painting, colouring, stratagem.

bakhta

Having

lost

colour,

being

in

lost

fear

or astonishment.

-ba-rang

Various colours or

bhang

Spoiling of sport.

sorts, various.

-bhnm

-bigarna

Changing the state or condition of anything.

charhna

dekhua

place of amusement,- theatre, palaestra,

To be elated with liquor.

To look at, examine the state

or condition,

result or consequence of anything.

Bang fak hojana

To grow

lagana

To
To

-mahall

An

karna

pale from fear or astonishment.

enjoy, to lead a life of pleasure.

colour.

apartment dedicated

to

voluptuous

enjoyment.

marna

To win

nr jana

To change

Banga'i

The

Rangana

To

Rang-a-rang

Yarious,

Eangat

Colour.

in gaming.
colour, to be afraid.

price paid for dyeing, a certain spac&

of time during which a cloth

is

dyed.

colour, to tinge or dye.

many

coloured, of various kind?.

Rang-i

dyer,

Rang-ila

rake, gaudy, fine, showy.

Rangin

Coloured, painted, figurative,

fine,

showy,

various.

ada

Of

ada-i

Elegance of manners.

elegant manners.

Rangin-i

Colouring, figurativeness, variety.

Rangna
Raugwaiya

To

Rangwa'I

Price paid for colouring, dyeing.

Kanj

Grief, afiliction, anguish of mind, offence,,

Ranjak

Priming-powder.

colour.

dyer.

disgust.

dan
pilana

pan.

To prime.

438

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

Banjak nrana
nrna

To burn priming, to flash in the

To flash in the pan (priming).

pan.

Baujida

Afflicted, offended, vexed, displeased.

Banjida-gi

Afilietion.

Banjish

Grief, afilietion.

Banjnr

Sick, afflicted, infirm.

Ban-sawari

Eiding on horseback.

Banwas

The

Bapat

Fatigue, hard labour.

Bapatna

To slip, to slide.
To gaUop hard.
The gambols of Krishna,

Baprapana
Bas

Cs.J

seraglio of a Baja.

in which the

women of Braj danced round

him, whilst

he stood in the midst,

name of a

Hindu

the

celebrated in the

festival

month

of Eartik.

Bas-chakr
dhari

The

Zodiac.

who

dancing boy

imitates the ras of

Krishna, a heap, the sign of the Zodiac.

Bas (hj
bithana or -lena ....

Bas faj

The

reins of a bridle.

To adopt a

son.

The head, a head of

cattle

signifying

one horse or ox.

fakat

kalan

Bas

A
A

horse of middling breed.

thorough-bred horse.

n-1-jaili

The winter

n-s-saratan

The summer
Juice,

solstice
solstice.

humour, essence,

passions
position
excite.

describes

The

(in rhetoric) the

which a com-

sentiments

or

or

is

calculated

different styles of such

to

com-

position are. (1 ) sringara-ras, expressing

love,

or

the

intercourse

mutual feelings of

between and

lovers. (2) hasya-ras,

the ludicrous style.

(3)

karuna-ras, the

pathetic. (4) vira-ras, the heroic or epic,

describing deeds of courage and martial

prowess. (5) randra-ras,

exciting rage

describing

and indignation.

auaka-ras, the terrible,

(6)

or

bhay-

describing the

GLOSSARTi:

139

or INDIAN TERMS.

and apprehension of the

fear
(7)

expressing

vibhatsa-ras,

writer.

aversion.

expressing confidence and

(8) santa-ras,

security. (9) adbhnta-ras, the marvellous,

expressing astonishment.
(of

Taste, flavour

which are reckoned six kinds), vk.

sweet, sour,

Eelish,

tringent.

bitter,

salt,

and

acrid

as-

enjoyment, jocularity,

q u icksilver, mercury.
Easa-i

Access, entrance, arriving, v/isdom, quick-

RasM

Eashid

Pious,

ness of apprehension, cleverness,

skill.

briber.
faithful,

orthodox,

following the

right path.

BasMd

Finding and proceeding in the right way,

sagacious,

intelligent,

wise,

a guide, a

conductor.

Eas-I

Of middling breed

KasTd

Acknowledgment of

so,

(a horse), indifferent,

so.

arrival of, or receiving

a receipt.

Baslda

Arrived, received, ripe, overtaken by.

Basikh

Firm, durable,

constant, rooted, sincere,

learned.

Baslla

Juicy, luscious, voluptuous, rakish.

Basiya

Basiyana

To be

Baskapiii-

Corrosive sublimate,

rake, a voluptuary.

commence ripening,

moist, juicy, to

to ooze.

mercury

similar

or a preparation of
to

it,

perhaps

but

milder.

Sending news.

Basl
rasa'il

Easm

"

Epistolary correspondence.

Custom, law, model, plan, a game among

which one, in reply to a

children, in

question,

must not use a word containing

any of the
forfeit,

letters

in rasm,

or,

must imitate the voice

animal which
questioner.

may

as

of any

be mentioned by the

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

140

Sasmasana

To wet with perfumed

Kasm-'i

Customary, middling, second

Kaso'i

Victuals, kitchen.

Bassi.

String, cord.

Rat

essences.
sort.

Night.

contraction

Rat,

of Bat

(nlght)

women on

nightly vigil kept by

reli-

gious occasions.

Rata

Red, dyed, coloured;

Ratalu

yam, (Dioscorea).

Ratan

jewel, gem, precious

stone, the pupil

of the eye.

Bataua

To be

lewd.

Batan-jot

Name

of a plant,

good

Batan-mala

a medicine said to be

for the eyes.

necklace of precious

name of

stones,

a book on astronomy.

Batan-manjari

Name

Rath

four-wheeled carriage.

coachman.

ban or -wan
-ban-i
-jatra

of a flower.

Coachmanship.

The
of

festival of the procession of the car

"

Jagannath.

On

occasion of

the

the festivals of Juggernaut, he

accom-

is

panied by his brother Bala Bama, and

and

his sister Subhadra,

a place about

This

at Poree.

seated

is

fixed

throne on which he

on a

sixty feet in height

of which, as

it

conveyed to

is

from the temple

a mile

stupendous

the enormous weight

passes slowly along, deeply

furrows the ground over which

Immense
which

it

of men,
it

is

cables
is

are

attached

women, and even

to

this horrible

an

assist

act

to

by

it,

in

infants

of acceptable

urging

forward

machine, on which, round

the throne of the idol,

a

it rolls.

drawn along by thousands

considered

devotion

is

car,

are

upwards of

hundred priests and attendants.

the ponderous car rolls on,

some of

As
the-

GLOSSAEY OP INDIAN TERMS.

and

devotees

141

worshippers

of the idol

throw themselves under the wheels, and

are crushed to death

and numbers

lose

their lives by the pressure of the crowd."

(Stocquhler).

"Jnggernath (prop. Jagannath),

Hindoo mythology

in

the re-animated form

of Krishna. According to the Hindoos,

the love-inspiring Krishna was one day

from the bow of a

shot with an arrow

who

hunter,
deity,

left the lovely

whom

ally adored,

form of the

the Gopias had so frantic-

under the

to rot

tree

where

After some time, his bones were

it fell.

by

collected

some pious persons,

made the means of enriching the

and

priests of

the Hindoos. Being placed in a box, they

remained

Vishnu, on being applied

till

4o by a religious monarch, Indra Dhoomna,

commanded him
Juggernat'h,

make an image of

to

and place the bones in

The king would

it.

willingly have done as

he desired, but, unfortunately, possessed

not the
so

he

should make
apply to

ask

to

He

Vishnu who

Vishnu told him

it?

Viswakarma,

the gods.
set

such an undertaking:

for

skill

made bold

did

the

to

architect of

and Viswakarma

so,

about forming the image of Jugger-

nat'h,

but declared,

turbed him
leave

his

in

work

have gone on

shown

his

any person dis-

if

labours,

unfinished.
well,

he would
All would

had not the king

a reprehensible impatience to those

divine injunctions which he had solemnly

pledged himself to observe. After

days he went to

see

fifteen

what progress the

holy architect had made which so enraged

;

him

that he desisted

.and left the intended

from his labours,

god without

either

142

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

arms or

In

legs.

spite,

however, of this

the

work of Viswa-

perplexing event,

karma has become celebrated throughout

and pilgrims, from the

Hindostan,

motest

India,

of

corners

re-

at the

flock

time of the festivals of Juggernat'h to

pay their

adoration

at

his

monstrous

and unhallowed shrine. Between two and

three thousand persons are
their

lose

computed

annually on their

lives

to

pil-

grimage to Juggernat'h. The temples of

being

deity

this

Hindoos,

sects of

not

than

less

worshippers

the resort of all the

it

two

is

calculated that

hundred thousand

pagoda

visit the celebrated

Brahmans

in Orissa yearly, from which the

draw an immense revenue. All the land

within twenty miles round the pagoda
is

considered holy;" (The classical scholar

will

compare the Phocian town of Crissa).

"but the most sacred spot

about

of

hundred

an area

is

and

fiftj'

feet

square, which contains fifty temples.

The

six

most conspicuous of these

tower, about one

four feet in

is

lofty

hundred and eighty-

height,

and about twenty-

eight feet square inside, called the

Bar

Dewali, in which the idol and his brother,

and

sister

joining are

Subhadra, are lodged.

In one, about forty

is

Ad-

two pyramidical buildings.

feet square, the idol

worshipped; and, in the other, the

food prepared for the pilgrims

is distrib-

were

erected,

uted.

These

buildings

A.D. 1198. The walls are covered with

statues,

many

of which are

indecent postures.
is

highly

in

The grand entrance

on the eastern side; and close to the

outer wall stands an elegant stone column,

thirty-five

feet

in

height,

the

shaft of

143

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

which is formed of a single block of basalt,,

presenting sixteen

Tlie pedestal

sides.

The column

ornamented.

richly

is

is

surrounded by a finely sculptured statue

Hanuman,

of

the monkey-chief of the

Kamayana. The establishment of priests,

and others belonging

to the temple, has

been stated to consist of three thousand

hundred

nine

families,

daily provision

food

whom

for

enormous.

is

the

The holy

presented to the idol three times-

is

a day.

This meal lasts about an hour,

during

which

belonging to

time

dancing

the

girls

temple exhibit their

the

professional skill in an adjoining build-

Twelve

ing.

celebrated

are

festivals

during the year, the principal of which

is

the Eat'h Jattra. Juggernat'h is styled

Lord

the

which are

of

World. His temples,,

the

also

numerous in Bengal, are

During the

of a pyramidical form.
of worship

tervals

The image of

as

is

made

in-

up.

shut

of a

has a frightful visage,,

distended mouth. His arms, which,

was

he

are

god

this

block of wood, and

witli a

they

been given
of gold.

formed
to

He

is

have

priests, are

gorgeously dressed, as

other

are also the

without any,

him by the
two

idols

which ac-

company him. In a compartment

temple of Eama, he

in the

represented in

is

company with Bala Rama and Subhadra,

without arms
Juggernat'h

is

or

The town

legs.

situated

the province of Orissa, in Lat.

49 min. N., Long. 85

It is

and

inhabited

chiefly

and others connected

On

deg.,

named, and usually

is

of

on the coast of

19 deg.

54 min. E.

called Pooree,

by Brahmuns,.

with the pagoda.

the sea-shore, eighteen miles to

the.^

GLOSSAEY OP INDIAN TEUMS.

^44

Juggernat'b,

novtliward

of

remains

an ancient

of

are

sun, called, in English charts

the

of the

temple

the black

pagoda. The greater part of the temple

is

having been thrown down,

in ruins,

apparently,
but,

by lightning or earthquake;

from what remains,

have

one

been

edifices ever

of the

it

appears to

most

of the

singular

constructed in India. Part

120

tower,

feet

high,

is

still

standing, and the antechamber, or jnng-

mohnn, about 100

built of

feet high.

They are

immense blocks of stone and

of iron,

some of which

are nearly a foot square,

and from twelve

massive beams

to eighteen feet long.

This temple, which

has been long deserted,

was

built

by a

Rajah of Orissa,in 1241." (Stocquelee).

Hati

The Hindu Venns,. wife of Eamadera

Eatib

Daily allowance of food (to animals, par-

(Cupid).

ticularly

dogs and elephants), allowance,

portion, provision.

Satiba

Salary, stipend, pay.

JBatr or ratri

Night.

JBanghau

Grease,

-dagh

farosh

An

i-balsan

Balsam.

i-talkh

oil,

boiled batter, varnish.

vessel for boiling butter in.

oil-merchant.

Oil of mustard.

-i-zard

Boiled butter.

-josh

kind of dish.

garden, mausoleum.

JRanza

-khwan

One who

recites

the

praises

of Hnsain

in the

month muliarraiu, or an

at the

tomb of a

Havana

See Kaban.

Bavish

Custom,

fashion,

institution,

law,

avenue, walk, passage, way.

Ba>va

(p.J

eulogist

saint.

Right, proper, accurate, worthy.

rule,

145

GLOSSAEY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

Eawa-dar

An

approver, chooser, consenter, judging,

right.

Rawa-dar-i

Approbation.

Rawa

Gold or

(k.)

silver filings, a grain or particle

of sand, dust, gunpowder.

Rawaj

Usage,

custom,

currency,

fashion,

sale,

customary, current, vendible.

Sawan

Going,
life,

karna

To

text,

reading,

soul.

set agoing,

to send, to

Bawana

running,

flowing,

pass,

to

make

passport,

despatch, to forward,
current.

despatched,

departed,

proceeding.

hona

To

flow, to be despatched, to be in motion,

to go, to pass.

Rawanna

servant

who

attends at the gate of the

women's apartment,

purchase articles

to

that are required.

Rawa-rau
Swift, going, proceeding, travelling swiftly

Bawa-rau-i

'

Rawat
Rawayat
Rawi

hero, a sweeper

of a particular caste.

History, narrative, tale.

the author

historian,

mance,

of

a fable, ro-

fiction.

Rayat

Standards, banners, especially of an army

Raz

-A.

in motion, a camp.

-dar

secret,

a mystery.

Trusty, faithful, a confidant.

dar-i

Keeping of

i-nihnfta

niyaz

Secrets of lovers, loving prattle, a mason,

posh-i

Keeping or concealing

sarbasta

secrets, secrecy.

secret.

bricklayer.
secrets.

state secret.

Kaz

A. vineyard, vine, grape, a battle, a castle

Kaza

Consent, acquiescence,

in Medina.

--mand

permission, leave.

Acquiescing, consenting, permitting, wishing, willing.

-mand-i

Consent, acquiescence, permission.

10

146

GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

A
A

Eaja'i
bha'l

Bazi

quilt.

foster-brother.

contented,

Satisfied,

agreed,

pleased,.

willing.

God

-ba-riza

willing.

An

nama

acknowledgment by the

a cause

finally

is

plaintiff that

settled, the defendant.

giving a safi-nama, a general release.

Bazik

Sustainer, a

Eazm

War,
gah

The

Razm-i

title

of the deity.

combat.

battle,

of battle.

field

Kelating to -war.

Bazmiya

Poems giving accounts of wars.

Bazzak

An

epithet of the Deity, provider of daUy:

food.

i-mntlak

God, the

Beg

sole provider of daily food.

Sand.

Sand agitated as waves by the wind.

i-ra'waii

Beh

Fossil alkali used for washing and making;

soap.

Bekh
_
_

Writing,

, .

Bekhta

line,

The

Scattered.

fate,

Urdu,

destiny.

or

Hindnsiani:

called rekhta, being a

language

is

dialect, a

Hindustani ode, mortar,

A flood, line

Bela

mark,

or string of animals, rushing,.

rush, push, shove.

Eelna

Bel pel

Ben or

To

shove, push, rush.

Abundance, plenty, crowd, bustle.

rain

Bendi

Nieht.
;

Eendi

small melon.

Palma
ka

tel

Name

Benkna

To

Besh
Dil-resh

Besha

christi

(Bicinus vnlgarls)^

Castor-oil.

Bengni

of a medicinal herb.

bray (as an assj.

wound, a

Wounded

sore, pus, matter.

to the heart.

Fibre, stringiness of a

dar

Besham

Fibrous.
Silk.

mixed

plaster..

mango.

GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

Beshm-i

Beshmina
,

made of

Silken,

147

silk.

Ket

Sand,

Keta'i

Price paid for filing or polishing.

Betal

Sandy, sandy ground.

Ret-i

Sandy ground on the shore of a

a

Bet-na

river,

file.

m
To

_}

filings.

-i

nle,

i-

i.

i.

to polish.

Ret-iyana

Bewand

1
.

>

uu i, u
Khubarb.

"i-chini
)

Bewri
ke pher meii parna

kind of sweetmeat.

To be involved
game in which

in

piece of rewri,

number

in

the

to

from

it

has

increased

times in geometrical

when he

amount of

To begin

karna

after

many

so

progression,

difficulties

a party agrees to eat a

is

confounded at

pieces.

speak or

talk,

(as,

young

birds).

Beza

A.

scrap,

piece,

small

bit,

a kind

coin,

of cock, children employed in work for

which

they

receive

fraction

of

man's pay.
khatt

Pine-striped, thin-lined.

reza

Scraps, pieces, in pieces.

Rezgi

Ribat

An

Bibati

The keeper of a

Richh

small silver coin.

inn, a caravansary.

ribat.

bear.

Rih

Wind, odour, exhalation.

Rihan-I

kind of Arabic writing, used in

of books and inscriptions on

so called from the
jjij]i

Choice,

name of

approbation,

titles

monuments

the inventor.

desire,

pleasing,

satisfying.

Rijhana
Bijhna

To please.
To be pleased,
delighted.

Bikebi (prop. Bikabi)

dish, a plate.

to

be

gratified,

to

be

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

148

Kikhi

sage, a saint.

Kikhis

A.

chief of the rikhis or saints.

Rim

Pus, matter, humours, dregs, lees, rheum.

Rind

Rind-i

Drunkenness, debauchery,

Rin-I

In debt

Riniya

A.

Ris

Anger, vexation, passion.

Risala

Mission, sending a

reprobate, drunkard, debauchee.

debtor.

an essay, a small

book, treatise,

letter, a

a troop of horse.

tract,

-dar

The commander

-dar-i

The command of a troop of

Risalajat

fraud.

trick,

a debtor.

of a troop of horse.
horse.

Pamphlets.

(pi.)

Mission, divine mission.

Risalat

-panah

Asylum of prophecy,

Risana or rnsna

To be

Rish

Beard.

-banana

To

-khand

khand-i

i.e.

Muhammad.

displeased, to be angry, to be vexed.

shave.
risible, ridiculous.

.aiighing,

a proverbial

Visibility, a laughing-stock,

when a man does anything un-

saying

worthy of his beard.

A
A

Rishi

Rishta
dar

Rishwat
-khor

sage, a saint.
string, line, series, relationship, kin.

relation.

bribe.

One who

takes bribes.

Rishwat-i
Risiyana

To be

Rit

Custom, usage,

Rita

Empty,

Ritha

The name of a

vexed, angry, provoked.

rite, habit,

regulation, rule.

void.
fruit,

of a

fish,

soap-nut

(Sapindns saponaria).

Rltu

Season, weather.

year

into

grishma,

six

The Hindus
seasons;

varsha,

viz.

divide the

vasanta,

huna,

and

currency,

sale,

sarad,

sisira.

Riwaj (corruption of rawSj

Usage,

custom,

fashion,

customary, current, vendible.

Riwayat

history, narrative, tale,

fiction,

fable.

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

^'y*

Hypocrisy,

iAQ

dissimulation,

subterfuge,

evasion, affectation.

^^^
Riyasat

hypocrite, dissembler.

Government, command, dominion.

KiySz

Gardens.

Kiyazat

Abstinence, austerity.

Kiyajat-i

Kiyaji

Mathematics.

Kifa

Wish,

Kizal

practise! of austerities, a devotee.

will.

Mean, worthless.

pan or pana

Meanness, baseness, worthlessness.

Kizk

Food, subsistence.

Ri/wau

Good

name of

the

pleasure,

door-

the

keeper of paradise.

Ko an

Hair of the body, down, wool.

Roliit

Weeping, crying,

fiohini

The name of the fourth mansion of

tears.

the

moon, comprising Aldebaran and four

other stars in Taurus.

Kohn

The name of

Bo'Idagi

Vegetation, growth of a plant.

Ko'in

Brass, bell-metal.

tan

Brazen-bodied,
Isfandyai',
to

Kok
Kok

a fish.

an

hero,

epithet

of

whose body was impenetrable

weapons.

Ready money,
Prevention,

cash.

stopping,

prohibition,

hin-

drance.

Bokar

_,[

Eeady money,

Eokar-iya

Kokua

To

cash.

cash-keeper, a treasurer.
enclose, to surround, to stop, to pre-

vent, to detain, to interrupt, to prohibit.

Koli or rori

red

grain

or

seed

with

which the

tilak is made.

Kolna

To

Rom

Down,

small hair of the body.

Bona

To

weep, be displeased, be melancholy,

roll,

to

place,

to

smooth, to

select,

to pick out.

cry,

addicted to crying, lamentation, grief.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

150

Koni snrat

Of

Bopua

To

Kor

Noise, clamour, fame.

sad

countenance,

melancholy

countenance.

Bora or rora
Bora

(s.J

(h.)

sow, to plant, to defend.

fragment of stone or brick.

stone,

Name

of a caste of Chhatri or Eshatri.

Bo-ro-kar

With

Bosh

Anger, rage.

karna

Boshan

difficulty,

To be

labour, pain.

angry, to be displeased.

Light, splendid, manifest, conspicuous.

chanki

kind of serenade with pipes and small

round the apartment of a great

tabors,

man when he

retires

to rest, the

kind of music used on

dama^h
-dan
dll

same

other occasions.

Snuif.

small hole for admitting light.

Of an enlightened mind.

-ra'e

Of enlightened understanding.

P'*'
zamir

Enlightened in mind.

Of

a bright genius.

Light, splendour, ink.

Boshna'i
Boslin-i

Light, splendour.

Bosna or rnsna

To be

displeased,

to

quarrel,

to

have a

misunderstanding with a friend.

Bosta
I

jj^g^^,j

Bot

-^ village, a peasant, a villager.

1-

Thick bread, sweetmeats offered to Hanuman.

Boti

Bread.

Boz
Boz

day.

Jba-'aish

good day

ba-roz

Daily, constantly.

Mh

Fortunate days, happy times, prosperity.

^jaza

to you.

Day of judgment.

-i-shumHr

The day

-i-siyah

Adversity, misfortune, trouble.

o-shab

Boza

Day and

of reckoning, (judgment).

night, always, constantly.

East, fasting, lent.

-dar

kholna

One who

fasts.

To kreak a

fast.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Roza rakhna

To keep

Boz-ana

Dailj',

Soz-^ar

Service,

151

a fast, to fast.

by day, a daily allowance.

earning,

subsistance,

daily

the

world, time, age, fortune.

karna

To

serve, to earn.

Koz-gar-i;

One who

Roz-i

Daily food, employment.

Boz-ina

Daily pay.

One who

-dar

ES

A man

dena

of rank and dignity.

Eank, dignity,

To

-gardau

receives daily wages.

Face, surface, sake, cause, reason.

-dar
-dSr-T

earns.

flattery,

complaisance.

attend to, regard.

Turning away the

face,

deserting, aban-

doning.

To

gardan karna

turn away the face, to abandon, to beat.

Exciting some one to calumniate or injure

-kash

another.

-posh

face,

concealed, being exter-

nally one thing, and internally another.

-posh-i

siyah

-siyah-I

Hiding the

snfaid

, .

Concealment.
Disgraced, criminal,

sinner,

unfortunate.

Disgrace, dishonour, criminal conduct.

Fair-faced, of a bright countenance, un-

blameable, honest, respected, select.

^sufaid-i

Honourable conduct.
Fear, terror, awe, dignity.

Kn'b
dar

Eub

Fearful, awful, fuU of dignity.

Juice, syrup.

Bnbbn-s-sns

Extract of liquorice.

Eub'

i-maskau

fourth part, a quarter.

The inhabited

Ettba"!

Ku-ba-kar

Face

parts of the earth.

stanza of four lines.

to

business,

ready

for

business,

intent on, beginning.

Bn-ba-kar-i

Proceedings of a cause.

Rn-ba-rah

Fit for business, reformed (habits).

Kn-ba-ru

Presence, face to face, before.

Kuch

Eelish,

desire,

intentness,

desire

of or

pleasure from eating, a ray of light.

GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TERMS.

152

Bnchna

To

Sndan

Weeping.

BndMr

Blood.

excite desire, to be agreeable.

The

Ku'e
Bufaka, plur. of raflk.

Bnh.

face.

friend, ally, associate, companion..

Soul, spirit.

n-l-amin

The angel

n-l-kuds

The holy

u-l-lali

The

Bnhani

Gabriel.
spirit,

spirit

the angel Gabriel.

of God.

Spiritual.

Euh-i

Bn'i

(My

spirit,

my

word), spiritual.

Cotton.

dar

quilt stuffed with cotton.

Eeturn, turning towards, appearing.

Bnju'
lana

To turn

towards, to submit, to yield..

Buka'o

Bnkawat
Bakan

Prevention, detention, hindrance.

To

Bnkli

charha

and above.

boot, over
tree.

(A climber of

trees),

a monkey,

plain,.

unseasoned.

Bakh

The cheek, the

castle at chess, face, point,.

side, quarter.

dcna

karna
-pherna or -badalna.

To familiarize.
To attend to, to accede to.
To be inattentive, to reject,

to turn

away

from, to be angry, to be displeased.

rakhna,

To continue friendship,

to maintain friendly

intercourse.

Dry, plain, pure, simple,

Biikha

rough,

harsh^

unkind.

sukha

Plain, blunt, harsh (words).

Bnkha-X

Roughness, plainness, unfriendliness.

Bukham

Alabaster, marble.

Bukh-anI

Bnkh-sar

The cheek.

Bnkhsat

Leave, license, permission, discharge.

carpenter's chisel.

hona

To

depart.

^ karuii

To

dismiss.

talab

Asking leave

to depart.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

153-

liukhsat-aua

Knkhsat-i

Anything given

at parting.

Kukn

aid, support, a grandee,.

parting present.

prop,

pillar,

foot of a verse.

Knkna

To

stop, to be hindered, to be enclosed,.

to be prohibited.

Rnkn'

Bowing

Snknb

The

the head in prayer.

on a horse, in a

act of riding

carriage,,

commission of a crime.

Rukwaiya

Bukwana
Knlana

To
To

Bnin

B.ome, the Turkish

preventer.

cause to prevent.

cause to weep.

Ro-

empire, Greece,

melia, Constantinople.

Bu-jual

handkerchief, a towel.

Bu-mal-i

handkerchief worn about the head, a

Knmman

Hamman-i

Belonging to

kind of pigeon.
pomegranate.
or

resembling the pome-

granate, of a ruby colour.

Bnndhna

To surround,

to enclose (as, with a hedge),.

to watch, to

be restrained,

be con-

to

founded, astonished.

Bnngta

The short

Bnngte khare bona

The standing of the

Eiip

Countenance,form,shape,figure,appearance,.
face,

hairs

on end from

manner,

beauty,

picture,

method,

B3p-nidhan

hairs of the body.

mode,

silver.

Receptacle or abode of beauty.

]-as

Calcined

saffar

Ocean of beauty.

Enpa

Silver.

Biipiya

-^ "oi'^

silver.

called,

the

rupee,

token of exchange in India,

was equal

the rupee
or

little

since the

more,

is

to

two

one time
shillings,

of silver,

its

but

ex-

but a fraction over a

shilling).

Hiding the

the silver

(at

English money;

depreciation

change value

Bnposh

fear.

face, concealed.

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEBMS.

154

Bnposhhona

To hide

one's

be concealed, to

to

face,

abscond.

Enposh-i

Concealment.

EBp-want

Well-shaped, handsome, beautiful.

Bnsna or
Enstam

risana

To be displeased, to be angry, to be vexed.

One of the twelve champions of Persia.
His combat with Isfandiyar
in the east;

it

lasted

is

famous

two days: and,

the brazen body of his

against his arrows, he at last killed

with his mace.

He

was son of Sam,

was general

as

enemy was proof

him

was son of Zal, who

son of Jfariman.

to Eaika'ns,

He

and considered

Mamnn,

by the Persians descended from

son of Benjamin, son of Jacob.

He

overcame Afrasiyab, king of Tnrkistan,

who

was joined

Tartars

nevertheless,

with

grace

by

the

he

master,

his

Indians
fell

and

into dis-

principally

on

account of his rejecting the religion of

Zoroaster; and,

it

was upon

this occasion

that he killed Kalka'ns's son Isfandiyar

above mentioned.

He was

killed

by the

wound of an arrow in an engagement

with Bahman (or Artaxerxes Longimanus)
son

of Isfandiyar.

called

Hence a hero

is

Rustam.

Bustam-i

Valour, heroism.

Ensukli

Firmness, constancy.

Ensnkhiyat

Firmness,

constancy,

steadiness,

steady

friendship.

Ensum

Customs, a

fee,

duties, taxes, postage of

letters.

Ensumat,

(plur. of rnsiim)

Euswa

Customs,

fees, usages.

Infamous,

ignominious,

dishonoured,

opprobium, disgrace.
-e-'alam

Infamous throughout the world.

Enswa-i

Ignominy, infamy.

Eutba

Kauk, dignity, degree,

barhana

To advance

in dignity.

stair,

step.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

155

Rutba kam

Of low

rank.

Rutha-rutM

Mutual

coolness, misunderstanding.

Kuthna

To have

a misunderstanding with a friend,

to be cool, to quarrel.

Ruthni

Quarrelsome,

the

Rutubat

of a

species of

Humidity, moisture, freshness.

s.

s.

s.

ss.

Saba

name

(Mimosa natans).

sensitive plant,

gentle

breeze,

morning

breeze.

an

easterly

breeze,

Sabadhan

Attentive, cautious, with attention.

Sabah

The morning, dawn of

ii-1-khair

Morning

salutation,

day.

good day, name of

a bird.

Sabahat

Saban

Beauty, gracefulness.

"'

Sabnn
J

Sabar

leather of elk's or

any kind of

deer's

hide for bedding, an elk.

Sabar mantr

spell

iSabbagh

dyer.

Sabi

youth.

Sabih

Beautiful, a fine complexion.

Sabik

Former, preceding, anterior.

composed in colloquial language.

iSabika

Sabiya

Sabr

Patience, endurance.

karna
Sach

To

damsel,

girl,

friendship.

child, a daughter.

wait.

True, truth, indeed, in earnest,

mnch

actually.

Truly.

Sachii-hat

Truth.

Sachak

Hinna presented

to the bride

on the day

of marriage.

Sachcha

True, genuine,
ful,

Sa-chet

real, honest, sincere,

faith-

sure.

With circumspection, with

caution, cautious'

mindful, conscious, attentive.

GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TERMS.,

156
Sad

Desire.

Sad

Hundred.

Sad

(h.)

Sada (I.)
phal

An

ode,

poem.

Always.

fabled

long

fruit,

of which

eating

confers

constantly bearing fruit, a kind

life,

of lemon.
siva

sn-hagan

name of MahadeT.
The name of a bird (Trogon
the

name of

cens, the white variety).

dressed like a

Sada

(a.)

kind of fakir

Sound, tone, echo, voice, noise.

artless,

woman.

Plain, white, unadorned, simple, beardless,

Sada

dilectiis)^

a flower (Hibiscus plioeni-

open, sincere.

dil

Artless, simple, stupid.

dil-i

Simplicity, sincerity, artlessness.

kar

kind of goldsmith.

-lanli

Same

-rS

Beardless.

waz-'i.

Sada-bart

as sada-dil.

Artlessness, simplicity, stupidity.

Alms, or food distributed daily to

the-

poor, travellers and others in want.

Sadaf

Sada-gi

Plainness,

shell,

a pearl, mother of pearl.

want of ornament,

artlessness,

simplicity, sincerity.

Sadakat

Sincerity, candour, friendship, truth.

Sadarat

The

Sad-barg

Name

Sadd

A wall, barrier, impediment, ditch, rampart,

office

of

prime

minister,

of chief

Justice.

of a flower. (Rosa glandnlifera).

an obstacle, an obstruction of any kind.

-i-ramak

The

last

remains of

life,

the agonies of

death.

i-sikandar
Sadli

Alexander's wall.
Virtuous, righteous,

good,

holy,

a reli-

gious person, a fakir, desire.

Sadhak

Holy, a devotee, a pvactiser.

Sadhna

To

teach,

learn,

rectify,

solicitation, contrivance,

use,

practise,

devotion.

157

GLOSSAllY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

SadliTi

Pious, a kind of mendicant,

Sadhya

Practicable, easy.

Sadka

Alms, propitiatory

Sadke-jaua or -hona

To become

a merchant.

offerings, sacrifice.

sacrifice for the welfare of

another.

To

karna

sacrifice for the welfare of another.

Sadma

Sadr

Chief, government.

blow, a stroke

collision,

i-anjnmau

of fortune,

adversity,

au adventure.

President of an

assembly, or association

for a particular purpose.

The

-'ad'alat

'ala

chief court of justice.

an

subordinate judge,

officer

the

in

civil court.

An

-amin

umpire,

investigator,

an

arbitrator,

the civil courts.

oflScer in

bazSr.

The

chief bazar in a military station.

diwani 'adalat

The

chief civil court.

The

chief judge.

-i-sudSr

nishin

president.

iUaf

Clean, clear, pure, innocent.

Safa

Purity, cleanness, pleasure, content.

Purity, cleanness.

Safa-i

To

batani

reject

without ceremony,

petition

to refuse flatly.

Purity of heart.

i-kalb

Safaid,

siifaid,

or safed..

bona
-karna
mitti
^-posh

White, blank.

To become white
To

or grey, to turn pale-

whiten, whitewash.

Chalky

soil,

dressed in white, a

man

afford

chalk.

Safaida or safed-a

White.

Safar

The second month of

year.

man who

can

good clothing.

the

(On the 20th day of

Muhammadan
this

held the festival of Sarotan, in

oration

of

the

junction

of

month

is

commemthe

head

and body of Hnsain. The 28th and the

last

days

of

this

unfortunate; the

month

are reckoned

former on account of

158

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Hasan's being poisoned by

his

wife

;.

the latter because destructive vegetablesare supposed to be produced on that day,).

Journey, voyage, travel.

Safar

karna

To

men

On

travel, to go, depart, retire, die.

the journey or voyage.

Safar-i

traveller, travelling provisions.

Safarjal

quince.

Saff

Series, order, line, rank,

row, a mat.

file,

ara

Arraying, putting in order of battle.

i-jang

The ranks of war,

-kash-i

Saf 1

Drawing

the field of battle.

forth of an army.

The name of a Persian dynasty

Pure, just.

by

overturned

Nadir

Shah.

It

was

founded by Shah Isma'il Safi in 1503,

and lasted to 1736.

Saf I

nama

strainer, duster.

A general release.discharge from obligation.

Safih

Foolish, stupid, ignorant.

Saf ma

A shrip, vessel,

boat, blank book,

common-

place book.

Safir

An

Saf nf

Sag

envoy, ambassador.
medicinal powder.

Greens, edible vegetables, culinary herbs.

-pSt

hona

Greens.

To become

soft.

lian

A
A
A

daw-I

Running about

Sag
-hacha

-lag!

zada

Saga

dog.

pup.
dog-keeper.
fruitlessly.

Flattery, servitude.

Son of

a bitch.

Belated, of the same parents.

hha'i

Saga-i

Own

brother, a relative, kin.

Relationship,

betrothing

second marriage of a

karna

To engage

Sagar

Sea, ocean.

Saggar

A
A

Saghar

kind of

for

woman

marriage,

of low caste.

for marriage, to betroth.

cart.

cup, wine cup.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Saghir

Small, slender, inferior, junior.

159'>

Sinn

Of tender

Sagnanti

An

age.

auspicious sign or omen.

Sagra or sigara

All, every, the whole.

Sah

Saha'i

Aider, assistant> helper, kind, favourable..

Sahalag

The wedding

Sahar-gah

The dawn of day.

banker, a season.

Of

season.

or relating

at

dawn, food taken

the

to

dawn

early

or

among Muhammadans

little

Sahejna

To

Sahell

Female companions in a

try,

sooner,

as

in time of fasting ._

adjust, provide.
seraglio,

hand-

maids, concubines.

Sahib
-ikbal
i

lord, master,

companion.

Fortunate, prosperous.

khana

Master of the house.

i^ahib-zada

Genteely born, a young gentleman, a son.-

Sahiba

Sahib-I

Eule, command, lordship.

lady, mistress.

Sahib-kiran

An

Sahifa

Sahih

Accurate, just, pure, perfect, entire, sound,.

invincible hero, a great emperor.

book, a

leaf,

page, letter.

certain.

karna

To

sign, to correct.

Saliil

Salil

Easy, not

angari

Sahm
Sahm

plumb

line.
difficult,

(p.)

Fear, dread.

(a.)

arrow,

lot,

share,

To

Sahnak

A plate, dish.
An error, mistake,

A
A
A

Sahol, sahai

Sahra
-nisliin

naward(Pl.Sahara).
,

a house, a

segment of
sine.

bear, endure, support.

fault.

plummet.
desert, a plain.

hermit, an inhabitant of the desert..

Wanderer of the

the

segment, a versed

Salina

Salio

beam of

transverse

portion,

cirole,

Sahiikar

simple, trifling.

Indifference, carelessness.

desert.

great merchant.

a.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

160

Traffic, trade,

8ahakar-i

commerce, exchange, money.

Vide, Saho.

Sahw

An
An

i-katib

u-1-kalam

error of the copyist,

error or omission of the pen.

Erroneously.

Sahwan
Sa'i

-.

wire-chain.

Hundred.

Sai

kara or saikra

hundred, per cent.

Endeavour, attempt, enterprise.

Sa'I

karna

To endeavour,

attempt, strive.

Game, prey, hunting.

Said

afgan

Killer of game.

Said-gah

A
A
A

Saif

Summer,

Saif

-andaz or -baz

band

-ban

zaban

sportsman.
taker of game.
place for game.

sword.

A rocket with
One whose

a sword attached to

its tail.

curses prevail.

Cursing.

Saif-I

parhna

To destroy one by

cursing.

Polishing, cleaning, polish, the polishing

Saikal

instrument.

gar

polisher.

Sail (a.)

Flowing, a current, torrent, flood.

Sail (s.)

Saibani

Eond

Sair

Taking the

mountain.
of going about for amusement.
air,

moving about, amusement,

adventure, perusal.

karna
-gah

To

take the

Place

of

air,

to travel, to read, to peruse.

perambulation,

passage,

pass,

thoroughfare.
Sa'il

An

Sa'in

Lord, master, a fakir, the deity, an imi-

Sa'ir

The whole,

interrogator, a beggar.

tative sound.

the remainder, going, walking,

wandering, a tax, duty, levied on personal

property.

Sa'is
-1

groom, a horse-keeper.

The business of a groom.

'

IPl

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEltMS.

A lofd,

Saiyid

Shape, ornament, appeaitinbe, preparation.

Saj

a descendant of Hnsain, grandson

Muhammad.

of

dar

Well-shaped, handsome.

dhaj

Preparaition

and

'

a'ppearance:

Saj (s.J

Preparation, harness, EfccontreWents.

Saj (p.)

The

teak-tree (Teetona gi^nidis).

The

price paid fbf tn"aliing belts of scab-

Saja-i
'

bards.

Sajan

sweetheart, a lover.

Sajana

To

cause to prepare.

Saja'o

Disposition, quality, nature.

Sajaya

Preparation, ornament.

Sajha

SSjM

Sajid

Prostrate

Saj-ila

partner.

'

adoration, an adorer.

iii

Well-shaped, handsome.

A carpet,

Sajjada

mat on which fflnhamihadans

or

kneel at prayers, an'

Sajji

Sajna

Partnership.

kind of mineral

To- prepare,

altar,'

dress,

to*

a mosque'.

natrum.

alkali,

to

decorate,

to

become, to regulate.

The

Sak

Jeg,

the

trunk of a

the stalk

tree,

of an herb.

Saka
karna

An

era.

To

establish an' era, to distinguish one's

self

by heroic

(Sake-lbandli)

Sakana

To be

action's.

king who has established an

era.

sorrowful, to be wearied.

Hell.

Sakaf
Sakarat

-.-

i-mant

Agony,

fainting.

Senselessness, the poiiit of death.

Sakari

Dawn

Sakarna

To

Sakat

(h.J

Ability, strength, power.

Sakat

(s.)

of day, morning.

accept (a bill of exchange).

cafe,

the

name of

festival (Sakat-

Hindu

chaum,

-the-

holiday,

birthday of

Ganesh).

Sakat (a J

An' error, blunder; mistake,

of a

bas'e'

defect,

anything

or useless- nature, merchandise

11

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

162

of a perishable quality, either spoilt

or

spoiling.

Sakat hona

To

Saket

Narrow,

Sakh

(s.)

8akh

(h.)

die (applied to animals), to miscarry..

want, distress.

strait,

Trust, credit, reputation.

Season.

Sakha

Sakha

A
A

Sakhi

branch.
friend,

companion.

female friend, companion confidant

who

a woman), a kind of fakir

woman.

like a

An

Sakhi

(to-

dresses-

evidence, a witness.

Sakhi

Liberal, generous.

Sakht

Make,

Sakht

Hard, strong, tough,

fabrication, fashion.

cruel,

difficult, stingy,

(Adv.)

harsh.

severe,

very,

very
in-

tensely, violently, extremely.

-andaz

An

-gir

Holding

archer.
fast (an

animal of chase).

Extortion, taking by force.

giri

Sakht-i

Hardness,

harshness,

intenseness,

racy, stinginess, indigence,

Sakhnn,

or

sukhan,

snkhnn

obdu-

distress.

or
Thing, business,

affair,

speech, language,.

a word.

dalna

To

dan or -jan

Intelligent, skilled in language, eloquent,.

ask, to question.

a poet.

-fahm
fahm-i
-i-ghaib-i

Intelligent, quick of apprehension.

Intelligence, understanding, apprehension.

Foretelling, predicting, second sight.

i-mnkhtasar

In

na-shanan

Not attending

ras

Attending to what

sanj

short.

to advice.

wise man.
"Saz

An

is

weigher of words,

orator, speaker.

tiraz-I

Eloquence.

war

Eloquent.

war-i

Eloquence.

said,

eloquent.

prudent, a poet, a

163

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEUMS.

Sakhnn-zau

Speaking.

SakI

Sakit

Pallen, vile.

hona
Sakit

cup-bearer, a page.

To be

fallen,

to

be degraded.

Silent, quiet.

Sakkak

one who makes knives.

cutler,

The business of

a cutler.

Sakna

To be

Sakora

small earthen vessel.

Sakori

saucer.

Sakorna

To

able.

shrink,

gather

draw up

to

up,

to

shrivel,

(the limbs),

to

to

to

tighten,

wrinkle.

Sakra

narrow,

Small,

(not

strait

having room

enough).
Sakra'i

Smallness, want of room.

Saki-aua

To

Sakraut

The entering of the sun

Sakshi

An

Sakta

Altrance, an apoplexy,

Saknch

Shrinking, awe,

Sakuch-na

To

straiten, to deprive of necessary

new

into a

room.
sign.'

eye-witness, evidence.

fear,

be afraid

of,

to

be in awe

be abashed, to apprehend, to be

to

of,

to

a pause, vacancy.

shame.

fear,

apprehensive.
i

Snkunat

-pazir

Sal (p.)

Residence, dwelling, habitation.

An

inhabitant.
year.

gasht

Old in years.

girah

Birthday, on the anniversary of which a

knot

is

annually added on a string kept

for this purpose.

-ha-sal

hasil

khurda

Sal Cs.)

Annually, for

many

Yearly produce.
Old.

Name

of a tree (Shorea robnsta), a thorn,

perforation, bore,
in the
ggja,

years.

An

mortice, a hole

ground by a pin, a

affix to

numbers

to

made

place, a school',

denote so

many

years old, as do-sala, two years old.

GLOSSARY

164

INDIAN TERMS.

01'

Sala

Salabat

Firmness, hardness, majesty, dignity.

Salagram

8alah

Peace, concord, treaty,, rectitude, integrity,

Salahiyat

Virtue, chastity, integrity.

Sala'i

wife's brother, brother-in-law.

sacred stone, supposed by HimLos to re-

present Yislinu, and. an object of worship.

advice, counsel. (Adj.) advisable.

needle,

or piece

of wire

for tinging

collyrium

with

eyelids

the

also

for depriving people of siglit,

by dra.wing

effected
Oiver

the

is

while hot close

it

of the

eyes

used

which

a lead

sufferer,

pencil, a match.

Salaka

Salakh

a mler, a probe.

rule,

The end of
the

month, or the day of

the

new moon

month

the last day of a

of thirty days.

Salam

Peace,

safety,

submitting, cul-

sabiting,

peace,

tivating

friendship,

from

free

fault or flaw.

(Sallamahn-l-lahu ta

'all).

Sadam

May

the Almigkty protect him.

Contractioa of phrase,

and peace

blessing

him.

Salam karna

It is

The

God be

with

used in salutation.

lena

To
To

^alaiknm

Peace be upon thee

Salamat

signifying

of

salute, hail, to give up.

return the saliitation.

Safe, well, in safety.

rahna
Salaniati

raui
-rawi

To
,.

live prosperously,.

Safety, health, peace.

j4in

economist.

Economy, good management.

Salami

Salute, a present given to a landlord for

Salana, sallyana

An annual

granting a lease.

sal

SalSr.

stipend, an annuity, .(arf.) yearly,

annual.

i-kaflla

SalatrSt

Mov
A^

years, annually.

chief,

The

head, leader, prince.

chief of a caravan, leader of a troop.

Prayer, benediction.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

16b

Sail

Sister-in-law,

wife's

sister,

especially

younger one.
Sallb

Hard, three-cornered, a

Salih

Good,

apt,

crucifix, a cross.

man

proper, a

fit,.

and honour, a

of probity

steady person

sedate,

not an enthusiast.
Saliha

Virtuous, chaste.

Salik

Salika

Nature, genius,

traveller, a devotee.

method,

good disposition,

taste,

knowledge,

knack,

dexterity,

address.

e-gnft-gu
-e-majlls

shi'ar

(Sahib-salTka)

Polite conversation.

Good

breeding,

Of good

man

disposition.

of taste.

Salim

Safe, free, perfect.

Sallm

Pacific, mild, affable, perfect, healthy.

u-t-tab'

mild,

Affable,

real

pacific,

genius, a

genuine poet.
Easy, not abstruse, simple.

Salis
--naTis

Writing a plain hand.

Sall-i-'ala

(Contracted form of ''SaUl'ala nabiyina,"

Sails

0,

God

bless our propiet!)

thong,

narrow

which shoes are

Salna

of leather

slips

with

stitched.

rivulet.

Salna
,

Meat or

fish eaten

with bread or

rice.

Salan
Salna

To

perforate, boie, prick, pierce, to ache,

to be in pain.

name of a

Sa-lon

Salted food,

Sa-lon-a

Salted, salt, dark-complexioned.

Sa-lon-i

Seasoned, tasteful, beautiful (when applied

district.

to a mistress)

(The

full

moon

in

Sawan,

(the

fourth

Hindi! month), at which time the orna-

ment
is

called

tied

rakhi (an amulet or string)

round the

wrist.

Saltanat

Empire, sovereignty, reign,

Salwat

Content, cheerfulness,

felicity.

166

GLOSSABY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Sam
Sama

(h.)

tone in music.

Time, season,

state,

condition.

Concord,

firmament,

altitude,

harmony, unison.

Sama

fa.^

The heavens,

sky,

a canopy.

Sama

Apparatus, provisions, furniture,

Sama^

Hearing, listening, the sense of hearing,

articles.

when hearing

singing, ecstacy in Dervises

hymns.
Sama^at

Hearing, the hearing or

karna

To

hear,

of a suit.

trial

entertain

to

complaint,

to

try a suit.

ke kabil

Samachar

Cognizable.

News,

tidings,

information, intelligence,

account of circumstances or health.

Samadh

Tomb

of a JogI, or of other

who from
alive.

The term

is

also applied to that

of austerity

exercise

Hindus,

are buried

religious motives,

among Jogis by

which they pretend to acquire the power

of suspending for a time the connection

between their soul and body.

Samagri

Furniture,

apparatus,

tools,

articles,

scenery.

Samaj

Apparatus,

society,

term

applied

to

societies for particular objects, religious

or political, as

the Brahma-Samaj, the

Arya-Samaj, the Hindu-Samaj.

Samajh

Comprehension, understanding, knowledge,

Samajhna

To

opinion.

comprehend,

think,
ceive,

Samak

fish

conceive,

understand,
consider,,

suppose,

fancy,

per-

know.
on which the earth

is

supposed

to rest.

(az samak ta samak) ....

(Prom

the

bottom of the abyss to the

pinnacle of heaven).

fish in general,

the sign Pisces of the zodiac.

Saman
Samand

Jasmine,

lily

of the valley.

horse of noble breed.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

"Samandar

8amar

Eveuing

167

salamander.
night,

darkness,

conversation,

time, an adventure.

Samarth

Strength.

Samasya

An

exercise

among

Asiatic poets, wherein

one writes or speaks an incomplete verse

or stanza, which

is

up by

to be filled

another.

The name of a particular era.

To make comprehend, to explain,

.^ambat
Samjliana

convince,

describe, admonish.

8amosa

kind of small pastry of a triangular

form containing mince meat.

Samp

Sampat

Affluence, riches, prosperity.

8ampatl

snake, serpent.

small brass cup in which offerings and

chanda (subscriptions) are placed.

.Sampnru

Perfect, full, completed,

To be

hona

Sampnt

The

the whole.

closely shutting of any cavity, a box

with

Samshan

all,

finished, to complete.

its lid

shut, a casket.

place where dead bodies are burnt or

buried.

Samshan-basi

Eesiding in the Samslian, an epithet of

rSamum

hot pestilential wind.

year.

Mahadera.

Samvat
,

Samvatsar

'

Samvatsar-i

'

Annual ceremony.

San

(a.)

San

(s.)

Name

of a plant (Crotalaria juncea).

Like,

likeness,

San

year.

muster,

review

(of

army).

karna

To make

gnman

Understanding and imagination.

San
bnjhana

8ana

muster.

whetstone, grindstone.

To make one understand by

Senna, praise, applause.

khwail

One who

khTvai-i

Praise.

praises.

hints.

an

168

TERMS.

GL0S?A.IIY OF JNDI-fN

Sanad

deed^ grant, diploma, th seal

Sigiia,ture,

of a magbtrate, a warrant,

which one leans

anythmg on

document or proof,

relation, connection.

T.be cpijnterpart of a grant, the order p>

9iiitabjjk

put

it

into execution.

Sanadri

Held by written deeds.

Sanani

An
An

Sanam-khana
Sa|f.',at.

mistress, a sweetheart.

idol temple.

Profession, trade, art, mystery, miri^uc^e.

Sanatau
jSgua'siM-

idol,

EternaJ, everlasting.

Artful,

,-

skilful.

Sanch

True, proper,

Sanclia.

(Sanche meii

liliS^ia)

....

real.

mould.

(To mould, form).

^j^chai

Pijrse, capital, stock, store, saving, ho9.rd.

Sanchhep

Abridged, short.

Sanclijbyepa^

Abridgment.

Sand or sanr

bull,

an independent, extrav-

stallion,

agant fellow.

Name

Sanda

of an animal resembling a lizard,

the oil of which

is

said to have restorr-

ative powers.

l^andaj

Sandal wood.

SandaM

Of the colour of sandal wood, a kind ot

Sandnk
Sandnk-cha

A
A

Sandnk-i

Like a

ciajr, a sort of

eunuch.

box, a trunk.
small box, a casket.

box

(applied

scabbard pf a sword

San^

Cp.J^

baran,

_.

'

stone, weight.

shower of stones, pelting with.

gizz^'d.

Hard-hearted.

i-khara

Flint,

i-marmar

Marble.

i-mil^nat^^

The loadstone.

tarash
"tanl

tomb,

A
A

kind qf orange.
stone cutter.

Equal in weight.

and

in that forip).

dil

tara

The

-dana

to

made

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Along

(li-)

1'69-

with, association, anion, company.,

Sangam

Meeting, conflux, union.

Sawgat

Collection, congxeg^tioni

company, a

where the Sikhs celebrate

ceremonies, right, proper, well,

.

Sang-i (h.)

A companion, comrade.

Sang-i

Stony, of stone,

(p.),

Sangi-ali

Sangram

Battle, war.

Sangsar

>...

Sani'
,

compilation.

Stoning to death.

maker, creator.

^.rtificer,

SSni

place:

their religious-

Chaff or straw mixed

,

cularly

that

with grain ,(parti-

from which

oil

has

been

extracted) as faod for cattle.

r

Sanichar

Saturn, Saturday.

Sanichar-a

Unlucky

Snkbai^Fsanj

See 1 62.

Sanjha

Jlyening, a particular prayer said in the

(fellow).

forenoon, at noon,,

sawere

SanjM

and in the evening.

Morning and evening.

Images of cow.-dxmg made

by

children,

to represent idols,.

Sanjida

Weighty, grave.

-^-^

Composed mind, steady temper.

-luizaj

Sanjldagi

Gravity, solemnity.

Sanjogr

Accident, chance,

lijck,

event, conjunction,

union.

Sanjona

To .arrange

Sank

piece of sweetmeat-

chain, a kind' of feniale ornament.

conch which Hindus blow, especially

Sankal

Sankar

Sankri

Sankh

things for presentation in a tray.

'

(s.)

as a religious ceremonyj a kind of orna-

ment, a

Sankh

(h.)

Simple,

shell.,

artless.,

(d.polFsankh)

(Promising

Sankhlni

much 9nd performing nothing).

of woman
see under

description

pa,dmani.

SankrantI

The

sun's entering into a

new

sign.

170

GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

Saninan

Kespect, esteem, reverence.

Polite, civil, respectful.

-I

Sannyasi

Brahman

of the fourth order, a

reli-

gious mendicant.

Saus

Breath, sigh.

bharna

To sigh, to regret.
To be smothered or

Sans ruknS

To gasp

ulti lena

throttled.

draw in the breath

or

(as

person in agony).

Saisa

Imagination,

fancy,

reflection,

fear,

ap-

prehension.

Doubt, uncertainty,

iSansa

Sansan

Still,

apprehension.

dread,

dreary.

silent,

Sansanahat

An

Sansauana

To

Sansarg

Meeting, interview.

Sauskar

imitative sound.
to ring, to faint.

jingle,

habit,

ceremony, con-

consecrating

secration, adjusting with perfumes.

Sant

San tana (prop. Santwana)

Palliation,

karna
Saiiwarna

-.

kind of fakir, a

To
To

saint, pious, virtuous.

consolation.

appease,

still,

prepare,

to

comfort.
dress,

to

decorate,

to

adorn, to arrange.

.Sanwat

Years, old coin

current

rate after a certain

at-

a depreciated

number of

Saparda

Saparda-i

Musicians attending a dancing

women.

girl.

An oath, an asseveration.
A snake-charmer, a snake-catching woman.

.Sapath

Sapera

Sapn

pna

years.

musician, attending on singing

dream.

toichar-i

An

interpreter of dreams.

Sapna (from Sap, imprecation, curse)

Sar

To curse.
The head, top,

pinnacle, origin, end, point.

afraz

Exalted, promoted,

ba-sar

All, the whole,

basta

Closed, hidden.

^ii'i

Intrepid, risking one's head or

bnland

Eminent, glorious, exalted.

from one end to the other.

life.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

Sar-dard

171

Headache, trouble, perplexity.

khnsh

Cheerful.

An

-pesli

taj

ornament worn in the turban.

chief.

-zada

Blamed, depraved,

-zamin

The

ill-bred.

earth, country, region, territory, limits.

zor

Mutinous, rebellious, disobedient.

zor-I

Mutiny, rebellion, disobedience.

Sar

(s

Manure,

Sar

fp.J

iron, pith, essence, value.

or similitude

country

magnitude,

denoting plenty,

particle

as Koh-sar, a

mountainous

'ambar-sar, full of ambergris

shah-sar, like a king.

Sar-ban

Sara

Pure, exellent, sweet-smelling.

Sarada

name of Durga.

road, the high road.

Sarak

camel-driver.

banana

To make

i-ahani

nikalna

To break ground for

or make a road.

or prepare a road.

railway.

a road, to lay

Saran

An

Saran-agat

Saraug

Name of a musical mode

down

asylum, shelter, protection.

refugee, one

a snake, a

who

has

serpent,

come

for refuge.

or rag, a peacock,

cloud,

a deer, a

woman, water, a lamp.

Sarangiya

A
A

Saraswati

The goddess of speech and wife

Sarangi

Sarb-byapak

musical instrument like a fiddle.

player on the sarangi,

All, pervading,, a title

darsba

Omniscient, all-seeing.

gaban or grahau ...

saktimaa

Almighty, all-powerful.

Sarbhangi

of

Brabma.

of the Deity.

total eclipse.

sect

of fakirs

who

eat

without dis-

crimination.

Cold, damp.

Sard

karna
^

To

cool, to pacify.

-mihr

-mihr-i

Coolness or luke-warmness in friendship,

cold or luke-warm- friend.

indiiference.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

172

Sarda

Sard-aba

musk melon brought from Cabul.

cold bath, a place built under

shelter from heata coqI

Sar-dar

^ kaMu

a superior kind

kind of water-melon,

of

.chief,

room

ground -to

for

summer*

a head man.

Chief-priest.

Chief-ship.

Sar- (or sir) "dnwal

Eejns of

Saresh prop. Siresh

Glue, starch.

Sarf

Expenditure, thq .orthographical and ety-

a bridle, head-stsll,

mological parts

of grammar, dexterity,

increase, gain, excess, changing, turning,

volubility, vicissitudes of fortune.

hona

To be expended.

karna

To

-o-naho

spend, to pass.

Grammar.
Expense, profusion, surplus, addition, ihe

Sarfa

moon, a

twelfth mansion of the

the

tail

star in

of Leo,

Exalted, eminent, distinguished, promoted.

Sar-faraz
Sarfaraz-T

Exaltation, promotion.

Sarf 1

grammarian.

Heaven, the firmament, the sky.

-

ar-garm

Intent on, earnest, eager.

-1

Application, attention, earnestness, eagerness, love, or being in love.

Sar-gnroh

cliipf

of a sect,

history,

account of

corajnander,

leader,

head of fakirs.
Sar-gnzasht

An

Sar-hadd

Boundary .extremity, frojitier,limit,oonfines.

Sarhangf

A
A

event,

accident,

circumstances.

Sari or Sari

general,

Hluda

commander, overseer.

female's dress.

Sari' fa.J

Quick, nimble.

Sari Cs.J

The
it

shaft of
is

an

?irrow, the reed of

which

made.

Sarih

Apparent, evident,

Sarir

The

clear,

scratching sound of a pen, the grat-

ing of a door.

173

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Sarlsht

Nature,

temperament,

constitution,

in-

in

the

tellect.

8arishta

Custom, usage,

dar

The

office.

under

chief

native

officer

courts.

Sar-kar

The

king's

court,

governmeut,

estate,

property, a district comprehending several

title

given

belonging to the

state,

pargauas, a superintendent, a

by way of respect.
Sar-karii

Superintendence,

Sarkash

Eearing the head, disobedient,

Sarkash-i

Disobedience, mutiny, insolence.

or to the government.

Sarkhatt

An

Sarma

Winter.

Sarma-i

Winter

Sarmaya

Stock in trade, capital.

Sarnam

aareement to hire

rebellious.

service.

clothing,- w-intry.

Well-known, famous^ distinguished.

hona

karua

8ar-nama

To be famous.
To make famous

likhna

To

address a

or notorious, to proclaim.

superscription of a letter.

Title, address,

letter.

Sarod

song, melody.

Sarod-i

singer.

Sarokar

Business, intercourse.

Sarosh

An angel,

a voice from heaven, the seven-

teenth day of the solar month.

Sarp

serpent.

Sarparast

guardian, patron.

Sarparast-i

Patronage.

karna
Sarparda

To

patronize.

Name

of a Persian musical mode, supposed

to have

been published by Amir Khnsran

of DiMI.

Sarposk
Sarraf
-a

A
A

cover, a lid.

banker, a money-changer.

The

place

where bankers transact

business, a bank;
i

karua

their

Banking, money-changing.

To

carry

on the business of banking.

GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

174
Sar-sabz

verdant,

Fresh,

prosperous,

flourishing,

fortunate, happy.

Sar-sabz-i

Verdure, vegetation.,

Sarsa-i

Increase, abundanpe,. excellence.

Sas

The moon,

Sasta

Cheap, easy to procure.

sky, heavens.

laganS

To
To

mal

cheap

-sama

season of plenty, a good season.

chhntna

get off cheap.

cheap.

sell

a good bargain.

article,

Power, strength, essence, the principle of

Sat

goodness, virtue, truth, pui;ity,faith,power,

conjugal

badi

fidelity,

true,, virtuous, right.

Speaker of truth.

-jug

The age

-kar

Good

-karam

Virtuous action, piety.

-kari

Truth,

golden age.

of' virtue, the

act,

charity,

hospitality,

piety,

funeral rites.

To

Sataua

fidelity, .honesty.

tease,

afiiict,

to vex,

to

Satana

To

unite, to stick, to

Satar

line,

row,

delineating,

band!

fret, to trouble,

to

to interrupt.

make

rank,

adhere.

series,

lineament,

describing.

Euling, lines for writing on.

Society, company.

Sath

ka khela

Playmates, playfellow.

rahna
dena

To
To

Tf ala

comrade, a companion.

surgeon, a

Sathiya

live with, dwell together.

share, to help, to go with.

mark in form of a
.

cross,

the four arms of which are bent at right

angles, prefixed in vermilion

by Hindus

to tlieir account

books

at the

ment of a new

year.

The same

is

commencefigure

formed on the ground with flour at

marriages and other ceremonies.

Sati

woman who

burns

on her deceased

husband's funeral pyre, chaste, virtuous,

constant.

175-

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

The

Sati chanura

hona

plaee where a SatI

To burn

alive

horrible

rite

is

burned.

on the funeral pyre. (This-

was

by Lord

abolished

William Bentinck in 1829; though some

of

instances

practise have occurred

its

even at the present day).

Sat-inasa

feast given

the

in

month of

seventh

pregnancy.

The name of a book written by Biharl--

,I

Satsaiya

Satya

lal (an inhabitant

of (xo'aliyar) containing

700

dohas in Braja-bhakha,

distiches or

True, sincere, honest.

bMi

Speaker of truth.

Satyanas

term of imprecation, signifying depra-

vation, destruction.

-jana or -hona.

To be

the

depravation or destruction of

any person or thing.

karna

To make

the ruin or

destruction of any

person or thing.

Sanda

Melancholy, love, ambition, desire, madness.

(Prom which, perhaps, the Portuguese^

sandada, signifying love for country and
intense

desire,

to

return

to

it,

during,,

absence).

Sanda

Trade,

trafB.c,

marketing.

-gar

-^ar-i

Merchandise, trade, commerce.

kharidna
-sulnf

merchant.

To make
Traffic,

purchases.

barter.

Aniseed (Pimpinella anisnin).

Sanrif

way.

8anb

Side, tract,

Sawab
Sawad

Kectitude, a virtuous action, success.

Ck.J

Kelish, flavour, taste, sweetness, pleasure-

SamM.

fa.J.

Blackness,

blackening,

soot,

smoke, en-

virons of a city, reading, ability.

Sawa'I

title

of the Kajas of Jaipur.

Sawaj

Savage, wild.

Sawan

Name

Sawang' or

Swang

lana

of the fourth

Mimicry, acting,

To

imitate.

Hindu month.

imitation,, disguise, sham..

^76

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TUKMS.

Sawar

(prop.

Suwar)..

..

rider,

mounted,

or riding (on a

ship',

horse, camel, &o.).

kar
-kar-i.

Sawar-i

riding, cavalry, a trooper, drunk.

Eiding, equipage, suite.

Sawera

g'obd rider, a jockey.

Good

bona

Saya

Moriling,

dawn

To break

the day, to ,b& dawai.

of day.

ShadovT,. shade, protection,

an apparition,

a petticoat

Shady, a protector.

-dar

bona

demon appearing

or

to,

possessing

any one.

parna
tale

ana

To

imitate the

To

take pfotection-.

manner

of-

another.

Making, preparing, maker, arms, appa-

Saz

ratus, accoutrements^ BarnesfS, furniture;

a musical instrument, concord.

-baz

Trim, dressy.

-kar

Proper, consonant, concordant.

-yarak

Warlike instruments, furniture; bagg:age.

Correction, punishment, retribution.

Saza

dna
dilana

To punish.
To bring to punishment.
To be punished.

pana
-war

Fit for, deserving .punishment.

Sazawal

SazaTval-I

The business of a land steward.

taxgatherer, a land steward.

Sazinda

i^azisb

Combination, collusion, confederacy.

Sela

maker, a musical performer.

kind of sheet constituting a pait of

.

dress,

especially,

worn

and

given

ifl

presents in the Dakkhin.

Sell

necklace (of threads)

a sash,

Sena

Cs.J-

Sena ChJ

An
An

a'

worn by

flikirs^

belt.

army.
officer

who

collects the.

revenue in a

village.

SenS-pati

Commander of
title giveil to

the army, also, sometime*

prime ministers.

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

Ser

Name

l'?7

weight equivalent to about

of a

varying

but

avoirdupois;

21bs.

in

different parts of India.

Remainder, end. (The king of the serpent

Ses

thousand-headed snake, the

race, a large

and canopy of Tislinu and the

couch

upholder of the world, which

on

rests

one of his heads.)

A great

Seth

banker, a rich person, a wholesale

merchant, hence a patronymic.

Sewa

Service,

Sewak
Sewra

A
A

Shab

Night.
-i-})arat

worship.

servant, a worshipper.

kind of fakir among Hindus.

The 14th day of the month Sha'bau, on

which Musalmans make
oblations

offerings

names

the

in

and

deceased

of

relatives.

parah
-i

mah

b5sh

Sha'ban

hat.

Moonlight.

One who

stays all night, a lodger.

The eighth Arabian month, on the 14th day

of which

angel

a festival (barat),

is

believed

is

when an

examine a record

to

of the names of the living.

Khabd

Shabd-shastr

Etymology, the

word, voice, sound.

science

of grammatical

inflection.

Shab-deg

dish

cooked
iSbabdez

composed of meat and turnips

all

night on the

horse

black

belonging to

of

fire.

extraordinary

size,

king Khnsrau Parwez, a

black horse, a horse of noble breed.

Shabih

8hab-nam

Dew,

Shab-nain-i

picture, a likeness.
a kind of fine linen.

kind

of

canopy

for

protecting one

from night dew.

Shada

Joyful, glad.

Shad-i

Pleasure, delight, joy, marriage, festivity,

rejoicing.

12

178

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Shad-marg

An

Shadid

Difficult, afflicting, violent, strong, intrepid.

Shadiyana

Relating to marriage or rejoicings, music

easy death, death from joy.

and singing

marriages or on other

at

festive occasions.

To triumph.

bajana
Shafa, prop. Shif a

Cure, remedy, healing, convalescence.

dena

hona

To

cure, to heal.

To

recover.

>

parna
J

-khana

hospital.

Shafa'at

Deprecation, intercession, recommendation,.

Shafi

Healing, salutation, a healer.

entreaty.

An
An

-i-hakiki
Shall'

epithet of the Deity.

intercessor, advocate, patron. Possess-

ing a right of pre-emption founded on

contiguity.

Shaf I'a

A kind of Persian character or handwriting.

Shail'-i

One

of the

chiefs

sects of the

of the four principal

Mnhammadan

religion.

Shafik

Merciful, compassionate, affectionate, kind^

Sha^ird

A
A

a friend.

-i-rashid

scholar, disciple, apprentice, a servants

complete, an apt scholar.

Shagird-i

Learning, studying, apprenticeship.

Shaghl

Occupation,

amusement,

religious

con-

templation.

karna

To employ

Shah

king,

one's

self,

to

be occupied.

check at chess.

(In

compos

:),

royal, great, large.

king

haz

The

mat

Check-mate.

-naiiia.

royal falcon.

celebrated

epic

history of the

poem,

containing

kings of Persia, written

byFirdausi aboutthe year of Christ1,000.

-nishin

principal seat

in

an assembly, a pre-

sident's seat, a balcony.

snwai'

good

rider,

a jockey, a horse-breaker.

179

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

Shahad

Evidences, witnesses.

Shahadat

Evidence, testimony, martyrdom.

Shahamat
Shah-ana

Generosity, bravery.
)

Shah.-aM

t.

^y^'' P""''^'^I

Shahanshah

Shahaushahi

Empire, sovereignty.

Shah-bala

The companion of a bridegroom.

Shahtd

A martyr.

king of kings, an emperor.

-hona

To be

Shahna

Shahna'i

A
A
A
A

(Any Mussalman

killed in battle

so called).

is

killed.

watchman, a superintendent of

police,

a musical wind instrument.

^ chi

Shahr
ashob

kind of musical pipe.

player on

city.

disturber

of the

of a

peace

city,

mistress, a kind of verses.

-gharib

A
A

-khabra

An

-panah

Wall, or entrenchments round a town.

dar

-pura

birdeatcher, a huntsman.
stranger, a traveller.
intelligencer.

Suburbs.

Shahrah

The highway.

Shahr-i

A citizen,

Shah-war

Worthy

Shah-zada

A
A

Shaikh

anything belonging to the

city.

ol a king, princely.

prince.

venerable old man, a chief, a prelate,

title

taken by the descendants of the

prophet,

and

given

to

proselytes

to

Muhammadanism.
Shaikhau

In the manner of a

Shaikhana

My

Shaikh-doudn

lord

my

chief, authoritatively.

preceptor

figure dressed

my

patron

up by way of sport

or

charm.

Shaitan

The

Shaitanat

Devil's tricks, wickedness.

Shakar

Sugar.

bhata

devil,

Satan.

sweetmeat, made of

sugar.

rice,

butter and

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

180

Shakar-farosh

of sugar, a mistress.
sugar.

Sugar -lipped.

lab

Scattering sugar, mellifluous.

rez

-istan

place where sugar-canes grow.

Sweet potatoes. (ConTolyulus batetas).

kand

-para

seller

Chewing

-kha

Shakk

kind of sweetmeat.
hesitation, uncertainty.

Doubt, suspense,

Shakl

Shape, form,

figure,

appearance,

resem-

blance.

banaua

big'arn3

To assume a form.
To disfigure, make

ugly,

to

disgrace,

dishonour.
-i-mlsal-i

-navis

A
A

model, pattern.
portrait painter.

Shakti

Ability, strength.

Shal

shawl.

bab

Shawl-cloths.

baf

shawl-weaver.

lamp, candle, wax.

Sham'
dan
-saz

Sham'-rii

A
A

candle-stick.

candle-maker, a chandler.

Having a countenance resplendent

as a

candle.

rnkli
Sham
Sham

Ked-cheeked.

(p.J

Evening.

C/i.J

Black or dark blue (a name of Krishna).

Shamat

Bad

Shamat-i

Unfortunate.

Sham-i

Syrian, belonging to Syria.

Shamil

Together, with, along with, united, blended,

fortune, adversity.

confederated, included.
-hal

Connected from circumstances, of similar

circumstances.

hona

To be blended,

karua

To

rahna

To

to be united.

blend.
live together.

Shamiyana

Shams

(From Heb. and Chald. word signifying

canopy, awning (often used to express

a tent).

181

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

to minister, to serve,

and

as the

sun does so

in giving light to the universe so

it is

applied to that luminary), hence the sun.

Shaius-nl-'nlama

The sun of

the learned, a title of a chief

maulvi in

and adopted

Constantinople,

by the Government of India to bestow

distinction on learned maulvis.

Shamshad

The box

Shamslier

-bahadnr

a term applied metaphori-

tree,

cally to the

form of a mistress.

scimitar, sword.

Applied ironically

to a useless, worthless

fellow.

-zan

-zan-i

Swordsmanshij).

Shams-i

swordsman.

Solar.

Solar and

kamai'-i

the

lunar

perquisite

the pay for a lunar

difference between

monthly period of

four days,

during which the

and solar month.

three

or

taken by

being the

government,

of

officers

female attendants in the women's apart-

ments have leave of absence.

Shan

(a.)

Business,

dignity,

affair,

pomp,

constitution,

condition, degree,

state,

nature,

disposition.

dar

(p.)

person

of state and dignity, a

man

of rank.

Shan

honeycomb

Shangarf

Cinnabar, vermilion.

Shankar

name of Mahadera.

Shankara
-bbaran
Shankaracharj

,
'

Names

of musical

modes or raginis.

Name

of a

Hindu

fakir,

celebrated for

having persecuted the sect of jain.

followers of Shankaracharj.

Shankai-achari

The

8hankar-i

Shar'.,

The precepts of Mnhamiuad,

name

of Parwati.

a high road.

Shar'i

Lawful, religious.

Sharab

Wine, spirituous

liquor.

law, equity,

182

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Sharab-an tahur^

khaua

khwar

-khwar-i
zada

Nectar.

tavern.

Drinking wine.
Wine-drinking, drunkenness.
Indisposed or affected with wine.

Sharab-i

Sharabor

Dripping wet.

wine-bibber, a drunkard.

Sharaf.

Nobility, eminence, rank, excellency.

Sharafat

Nobility.

Sharakat

Partnership.

Shararat

Sharbat

Wickedness, depravity, malignancy.

Sherbet, beverage, a dose of medicine.

dar

butler.

Sharbat-i

A kind of lime

Sharh

Explanation,

or lemon,

name of a

commentary,

colour.

description,

allowance, pay, rate.

-war

Explicily.

Shari'at

ThelawsofMuhammad,law,justice,equity.

Sharif

Noble, eminent.

Sharlf-i-makka

The prince of Mecca.

Sharlfa

Sharik

Partner, accomplice, associate, comrade.

-hona

custard apple.

To

partake, to participate.

Sharlr

Vicious, wicked.

Shark

The

Shark-i

Eastern, oriental.

Sharm

East, rising.

Bashfulness, modesty, shame.

-sar

Abashed.

-ana

To be abashed,

Sharmanda

(Annona squamosa).

Blushing,

to feel shame.

abashed,

ashamed,

bashful,

modest.

Sharm-griu

Bashful, ashamed, modest, coy.

Sharm-ila

Bashful, abashed.

Sharm-nak

Bashful, modest.

Shurma sharmi

Modesty.
Wickedness, depravity, malignancy.

Sliarr
-1

Shart

Vicious, quarrelsome.

Condition, stipulation, agreement, wager,

sign, mark, signal.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Shart-bart

Advantage, success,

183
succeeding in

profit,

one's undertaking.

karna

To

agree, to bargain.

Shash-mahl imtihan

Half-yearly examination.

Shast

Aim, a large iishing hook, attached

line

justa

a bow.

dhari

karna
8hastr

bow

Shot from the

A weapon,

Shastr

to a

on shore, the handle of

fastened

(an arrow).

especially one used in the hand.

Armed,

To use
Hindu

arms.

Hindu

books,

religious

scripture,

religion, law, institutes of law, science.

Shastrarth

Argument, debate, dispute, discourse.

Shastr-i

Skilled in

Hindu law

or religious books,

one skilled in holy science.

achchhar
Shatranj

The Derauagarl

character.

Chess.

Shanhar

A
A
A
A

Shank

Desire,

-baz

Shatranj-i
-baf

chess player.

kind of carpet.
carpet- weaver.

husband.
inclination,

love,

gaiety,

cheer-

fulness, curiosity.

zank

Pleasure, delight, gratification.

Shankat

State, dignity, magnificence, majesty.

Shauk-in

Intent upon, desirous, lascivious.

Shaukiya

The part of an

which foUows the

epistle

complimentary address.

Shawal

The
year

tenth
;

month of

on the

of Bairam,

first

the

first

or

day

'id

gl

-mizaj

Shekhan-pnr

is

after the

and,

on

make

presents.

this

day

Worthy, honourable,

ShSyasta

the

Muhammadan

day of which the

it

festival

celebrated, being

Mnsalman Lent,
is

customary to

suitable, polite.

Affability, fitness, propriety.

Affable, mild, good-tempered.

town inhabited by descendants of the

prophet.

RMSSARY OP INDIAN TEKMS.

184

Boasting, bragging.

Shekh-i

baz

uikal jana

To have

one's pride humbled.

a lion.

Sher

boaster, braggart.

tiger,

Tiger-like.

-aiift

4-gardun

The sun, the sign Leo.

(The

i-kali

to

of a tiger), a person only

eflSgy

be looked

at,

fit

a braggart.

Sherni

lioness.

SM'ali

follower of the sect of 'All, a sectary.

Shiddat

Violence,

force,

vehemence,

adversity,

difficulty.

affliction,

Cure, remedy, healing, convalescence.

Shif a

khana

hospital.

Hunting,

Shikar

chase,

prey,

game,

plunder,.

perquisities.

afgau

Game-killer.

band

Cords for tying game to a horse's saddle.

baz

gah

Place for hunting in.

sportsman.

chace, relating to hunting, a hunter.

Shikar-i

Of the

Shikast

Breaking, fracture, deficiency, loss,

defeat,.

broken, odd, uneven.

-khiirda

Shikasta

Broken

off,

interrupted, defeated.

Broken, bankrupt,

sick, a

kind of writing,.

the Persian running hand.

bal
Distressed, broken

'

-par
-bal-i

dil

down, wretched.

Distress, wretchedness, affliction.

.

Distressed, afflicted.

-dil-i

Distress, affliction.

hal
halxl

Distressed, wretched, broken

-khatir

Distressed in mind, afflicted, offended.

rang

Altered in colour, from

wft'da

Broken engagements,

Hhimal

down, ruined..

Indigence, distress, wretchedness.

affliction.

faithless.

The north, the north-wind, the

Shamal
Shiinal-I

-nnma

Northern.

The mariner's compass.

left-hand^

GLOSSARy OF INDIAN TERMS.

185-

Shimal-ru

Facing the north.

Shimar

The name of one of Tazid's

slew Husain in
lience it

Shiaa

means,

generals

who

plains of Karbala,.

the
vile,

infamous.

Swimming.

Shinakht

Knowledge, understanding.

Shiuas

Knowing,

intelligent, acquainted

with.

Knowledge.

-I

Shirk

Company,

society, partnership,

paganism^

infidelity.

SMrkat

Partnershij), society.

SMsha

Glass, a battle, a glass.

-baz

-baz-T

juggler.

Legerdemain.

-e sa'at

An

-gar

-gar-i

Glass-making.

hour-glass.

glass-maker.

SMsha-mahall

house or palace

ShishI

small glass phial.

Shitab

Haste, quickness, quick, speedy, quickly,,

all

hung with

glass.

expeditiously.

-baz

Hasty, expeditious.

Quick, hastily, quickness, haste, expedition.

Shitab-i

Shiv

The Deity in

the character of Producer

and

Shiw

Destroyer, of time personified, Mahadev.

J

Shiwala.

Temple of Siya.

Shlok

Shola

A kind of wood

verse, stanza.

(^Eschynomene palndosa),.

very light and spongy, used by fishermen

for floating their nets. Artificial birds

flowers are

made

and

of it; garlands ofthesfr

flowers are used in marriage ceremonies.

The wood when charred

Shor

Cry, noise,
salt,

angez

outcry,

vei-y bitter,

is

used for tinder.

disturbance,

tumult,.

disturbed, mad.

Exciting tumults.

bakht

Unfortunate, wretched, infamous.

bor

Very wet, drenched.

pnsht

Quarrelsome, noisy, encouraging, disturbance.

GLOSSABY or INDIAN TEKMS.

186

To make

:Shor-]iiacliaua

a noise.

shaghab
-shar
Noise, tumult, bustle, disturbance, clamour.

sharaba
sharr

Barren land.

zamln

Marshy, barren ground,

gjiora

-^

.gar

nitre, saltpetre.

manufacturer of saltpetre.

Shorba

Broth, soup.

Shraddha

Funeral obsequies

Shn'a'

Light, splendour, lustre,

(vide,

sraddh).
the rays of the

sun, sunshine.

Shuban

shepherd.

Doubt, suspicion, ambiguity, uncertainty.

:Shnbha

To be

bona

in doubt.

To doubt,

to suspect.

Shnbha ka

Doubtful, suspicious (things).

Shndani

Occurrence, coming to pass.

So

Shud bud

8higafa

so,

little

To have some

bona

knowledge.
little

knowledge.

flower, a bud.

To bud,

lana

put forth young shoots, to

to

produce something new and wonderful.

Expanded, blooming, blown

Shugufta

To be blown

bona

Shugnn

(as a flower).

be delighted.

(a flower), to

omen.
Augurv,
''

Shngun

:Shugun-iya

an

diviner,

augur,

an

explainer

of

omens.

iShnhda

pan

rake, prodigal, debauchee.

Eaking, debauchery.

-shikasta

Euined and wretched.

Fame, renown, reputation.

;Shulira

e-af ak

t.

Renowned, known over the world.

e-a'lam
:Shiihrat

Eenown, fame, divulging,

celebrating.

;Shiija<

Brave.

report, rumour,

187

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Shnja'at

Bravery.

Shukka

Shukr

Thanks, gratitude.

royal

order,

letter

(especially

from

a superior).

guzar

Grateful.

guzar-i

Gratitude.

-i-ni'inat

karua

A.n

ackowledgment of favour.

To

thank, to return thanks.

Shnkr-aua

Gratitude, thanksgiving.

Shum

Black, unfortunate, unhappy, disgraceful,

vile,

-kadam
mizaj

ra

a miser.

Unlucky, bad (omen).

Stingy.

Ugly, miserly, avaricious.

-ri

Ill-tempered.

-tah^

Shnmar

Counting, computing, numbering, number

Shumar-i

Counting, a rosary.

Shnrafa

(pi.

Shurn'

Beginning, commencement.

account, note.

of sharl). Nobles, grandees.

or commenced.

bona

To be begun

karua

Shnsh

To commence,
The lungs.

Shnsta

Washed, dressed, prepared.

\

zaban
Shust-o-shn

Pure language, or conversation.

Washing.

ban

A
A

dil

Timid.

dil-I

Timidity.

.Shutar

to begin.

-gam.

camel.

camel-driver (or keeper).

camel-step.

ghainza

Wickedness, deceit.

i-be-maliar

Incorrigible, refractory.

--katar

string of camels.

kina

Bearing malice

murgb

An

nal

^-sawar

(a

propensity of camels).

ostrich.

small

gun

Mounted on

carried on a camel.

a camel, a camel rider.

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

188

Shyam

V. $f am.

Sicha-i

Irrigation, the cost of irrigation.

Sichchha

Tuition, teaching.

Sichna

To

Sidh

Straight, opposite, accurate.

Sidha

water, to irrigate.

a holy man, a sort of demigod,

saint,

success, accomplished.

Sidha

Straight, opposite, simple, fair, candid.

Sidha-i

Straightness, simplicity, candour.

Sidharua

To

Sidk

Truth, veracity, sincerity.

Sif anat

go, to depart, to set

The

._

Sifarish

art of ship- building.

Recommendation.
-karna

To recommend,

nama

to intercede.

letter of introduction.

Sif arish-I

An

Sifat

Praise, quality, attribute,

recommended.

intercessor,

tion, like, resembling,

Sifla

Saflla

mean,

Ignoble,

manner, descripa noun adjective.

contemptible,

stingy,.

miserly, envious.

'^^^
S'S^l

off.

plate to throw scraps, bones, on.

Thought, suspicion, word, speech, enmity,

hatred.

A mould

*8**

for casting metal, a

able and

derivative, the

word

mood

declin-

of a verb,

conjugation, derivation, trade, profession,

a

form

of

words

used

in

marriage

ceremonies, fund, department.

Sih-bandi

soldier

employed in collecting rents,

a trident, a contingent.

-dar-a

Three-doored (room).

-fasl-a

Having

three harvests.

^osha

Having three

harf-i

Triliteral.

karrar

Three times as much.

-manzil-a

Having three

pahal

Trilateral.

pahai-

Afternoon.

sal-a

Hiharna

corners, a triangle.

stories (house),

Triennial.
,

To

shiver, to shake with cold.

GLOSSAllY OF INDIAN TERMS.

8ihhat

ISO

Health, entireness, soundness, perfection,

integrity, accuracy.

khaua
Sihr

Sahir-I

Syda

necessary.

Enrhantraent, magic, necromancy. (Sahir,

an enchanter, a magician, a necromancer).

Bowing

so

as

touch the ground in

to

adoration, especially to God.

S5h
karua

The

To

place of performing the sijda.

adore, to worship.

A register,

Syill

the decree of a judge, written

attestation of a notary, seal of a judge.

(sigillum).

recording

the

Sijil,

angel,

right, proper, good, well-arranged.

Sgjil

Hard

stones

stones

in hell fire,

names of
of their

Sikh

Name

(s

and

made

of clay, hardened

on which are inscribed the

certain men, with a catalogue

sin.^.

of a people living
in

the

disciples or followers of

Sikh

(s.)

the Panjab

Kanak.

disciple, a scholar, a pupil.

To

Sikhana

in

neighbourhood of Lahose,

teach.

Sikha'i

.,,_

Teaching, instruction.

Sikka.

Sikhaya
coining die, an impression on money,

sterling,

current, stamped coin.

stone on which spices are ground, or

knives sharpened,

hone,

sua

stone in

general.

Silsila

chain, series,

succession, descent of a

family, pedigree.
i

jama' o tafrik

khandan

Arithmetical progression.

Genealogical tree.

-mu

Having the

-war

Linked together

hair in ringlets like chains.

as

chain,

in regular

order, in a series.

Sin or Sinn
i

hnlng'h

shn'Hr
sal

An

age, period of

life,

Years of discretion.

Age
Age.

of discretion.

nib of a pen.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

190
Sin raslda

Advanced

Sina

Breast, bosom.

in years.

af^ar

Wounded

band

Stays, bodice.

in the bosom.

-basta

Locked up in the

-chak

Bosom-torn,

chak-i

heart, a secret.

afflicted.

Affliction.

-kharashi

Laceration of the breast,

koM

Beating the breast.

resh

Wounded

affliction.

in the heart, afflicted.

Tormented, distressed.

soz
I

-zan

One who

-zan-i

Beating the breast.

-zor

Robust, proud of strength.

of the

beats his breast at the festival

Mnharram.

Strength, robustness, force, oppression.

-zor-i

Sincha'i

The price paid

Slnchi

The season

Sinchna

To

Sindh

Sea, ocean, the

for irrigation.

for watering fields.

irrigate.

name of

a district,

name

of a musical mode, or ragini.

A
A

Sing

Singa

horu.

horn (musical), a trumpet.

Ornament, dress, embellishment,decoration.

Singar

One

ras

of the nine ras: q.v.

The weeping

Singar-liar

arbor

Nyctanthes.

Singarua

One whose business it

To dress, to decorate,

SingautI

iya

(Sfyctanthes.

tristis).

polishing tool

is to

dress

an

idol.

to embellish.

made of horn, an orna-

ment of metal on the horns of a bullock.

Singh

Sinha

lion,

Name

Singi

the

sign

of a kind

gentissimns).

To

lagana

Singiya

Singhar

Sanghar

Leo,

title

used

by

Hindus, Rajputs.

of

fish.

(Silnrns pun-

cup for cupping.

cup.

kind of poison.

Making away, killing, murdering,

destruction, bloodshed, killed.

slaughter,

191

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

A handkerchief folded diagonally, a species-

Singhara

of water-nut,

growing in ponds,

and

edible.

Singhasan

par bithana

throne.

To

enthrone, install. (The term generally-

used,

is

on the gaddi, H. for

to place

a sovereign's throne).

Singhini

lioness.

STni

A
A

salver, tray, trough.

Sink

The culm

Singham

,
I

Singra

powder-horn.

of

the

(AndropogOtt

grass

mnricatnm) of which brooms

Sinkdar

are made.

Broom-shaped.

Smkiya

Striped, a kind of striped cloth.

Sip

Sipah

pi. Soldiers,

shell,

a kind of

mango.

an army.

gar-I

The

phir jana

Revolt or treachery in an army.

Sipah

military profession.

(Contract, of sipah.)

Sipah-i

A
A

Sipahr

The

salar

general.
soldier {pulg. sepoy).

the celestial globe, the sky,.

sphere,

fortune, time, the world.

Sipahr-i

from

Afternoon,

sih

or

si,

three,

anct

pahar, watch.
Sipa'i

Sipar
dar-i

Si-para

A tripod, trivet, three-legged stool or table..

A shield, target.
Protecting, shielding.

Each one of the thirty

thirty
is

into

sections,

or thfr

which the Kur'an

divided.

The head, the

Sir

sections

top.

charha

Proud, haughty.

charhaua

To

exalt,

assume,

to

be

arrogant,

to

shew respect.

charhke marua

To

lay

the

guilt

of one's blood at th&

door of another.

dharna

dhnnna

To be obedient.
To shake the head from

affliction.

192
LSir

GLOSSABY OF INDIAN TERMS.

dub
karna

karhna
ke bhal
ko kadaiu karna
khnjanS

marna

mnndana

Perfectly wet.

To begin.
To become conspicuous.
Head-foremost.

To go quickly but with

court punishment.

To
To

take great pains, to search diligently.

quit

life

one's

connections and

adopt a

of mendicity.

uawana

To be humble,

parasti karna

par charhana

To
To

par khak dalna

To

phirana

To labour

pitna

To lament.
To subdue.
To rebel, to rise up against any one.
To be crushed in the commencement of

torna

nthaua

nthate hi pamal hojana

to be obedient.

protect, to aid.

spoil a

inferior

respect.

To

child

or servant,

above one's

to raise

an

self.

lament.
in vain.

one's undertaking.

Madness.

Sir

Sir (I.)

Damp.

Sir

Husbandry, agriculture.

(s.)

Sir (p.)

Garlic.

Sira

A kind of sweet-meat made of meal and sugar.

A channel through which fields are watered.

Sira

Mad.

:Sir-a

Head, extremity, end.

Sira

Siraj

:Slrajna

candle, a lamp, the sun.

To

create, produce, form.

Siran

Sirat

Disposition, temperament, nature, qualities,

Sirat

mad woman.

way of
n-l-mnstaklm

life.

road.

The

right

way,

i.e.

the

Muhammadan

religion.

^Slrhl

Sirka

SirkT

ladder, stair, step, degree.

Vinegar.
A.

reed of which mats are made, a reed-

mat

to

keep of

rain.

GIOSSAEY OF INDIAN TERMS.

The

Sis

^nudhna
phul

head.

To

bTaid one's hair.

An

ornament for the head.

Sisa

Lead.

Sisif

One

of the six seasons, including frofiithe

11 th of Pans to the
SiskI

Sobbing.

Sis-kiyan bharua

To

:Sit

Dew,

kal

i'93

11

th of

Phagan, de*.

sob.
cold, moisture.

Winter.

Name

Sita

Bama and

of the wife of

daughter

of Jauaka Baja.
SitB'isli

Praise, returning thanks.

Sital

Cool.
Allspice. (Myrtus pimenta).

chlnl
^-pati

kind of

fine,

cool mat.

Coolness.

-ta

SItala

Smallpox.

Sltani

Tyranny,

oppression,

injury,

violence,

vexation.

kash

-gar

Oppressed.

gar-i

tyrant, an oppressor.

V. Sitam^

-knshta

Killed by oppression, violently slain.

-zarif-i

Elegance or ingenuity in tyranny.

STta-phal

The custard

Sitar

A
i

(Annona squamosa).

apple.

kind of guitar with three strings.

One who

plays on the guitar.

iya
J

A.

Sitara

star,

a kind

of

fire- work,

name of a

musical instrument with three strings.

dan
-ipesliaBi

An

astrologer.

Having a

star

on the forehead (reckoned

a fault in a horse).

shinas
Sitar-i

An

astrologer,

small

an astronomer.

guitar,

rope

twisted

three strings.

Situ (sj

Boiled

rice, rice gruel.

13

with

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEKMS.

194
Sith

(Ji.)

Dregs of

anything that has

betel, or

beeft,

chewed.
...

Slth-a

Insipid, tasteless.

Abusive songs sung by women at weddings..

'

Sithni
I

Whistling.

Sitx

To

bajaua

bandhna

gnm-hona

>1)hnlna

whistle.

whistler.

-A.

.l[az

To be

distracted or confounded.

'

Sitla prop. Sitala

Small pox,

goddess

the

Kali, Dnrga, or

(Hindus

or MahBdeTE.

of

small pox.

Bhawant, wife of Sira

consider

small

pox a visitation from the goddess, and

do not treat the disease from fear of
incurring her anger.)

Siwaa

giyah

Black, unfortunate, bad.

Temple of Mahadera.

bakht

Unfortunate.

bakbt-i

Misfortune.

-chasm

Black-eyed, unkind.

.idil

Black-hearted, malevolent.

fam

Black.

kalam karna

To

-kar

-karna

To

take an account of.

kaga

Miser, niggard,

mast

Dead -drunk.

posh

Clad in black.

-roz-i
rfi

delineate.

Wicked, tyrannical.

-tain

a.

sordid wretch.

Adverse fortune.
Black-faced, unlucky, disgraced.

Black-mouthed

(horse),

abusive,

whose

curses prevail.

Siyaha

An

account-book or written account, a

list,

inventory.

Siyah-i

Blackness, ink.

Soch

Consideration,
tation.

reflection,

thought, medi-:

195

GliOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

To

Sochna

think, to meditate, to reflect, to con-

mind).

sider, to advert (in one's

Sodh

Discharge (of debt),

search,

correction,

inquiry.

Sodhna

To

pay, to discharge or liquidate a debt

to refine metals.

Sog

j Affliction,

Sok

lamentation,

sorrow,

grief,

anguish.
I

To mourn,

karna

observe a period

to

to wail,

mourning;

of

this

women who have

observance

from

consists in strict seclusion

whom

permitted to

they are

whose

visits

they

may

among

husbands,

their

lost

all

those

visit,

or

A Hindn

receive.

widow, though the law now forbids her

immolation on the funeral pyre of her
dead husband,

in

is,

many

parts,

pelled to have her head shaved,

She

be otherwise disfigured.

contempt;

with

is

to

is treated

sorrow for

her

hence

her husband's death

com-

and

aggravated by

her unfortunate position as a widow.

Afflicted, grieved.

Sog-I
(p.)

Sohan

(s.)

Pleasing, a lover, a friend.

Sohan

(Ji.)

Sohau

file,

a whetstone.

kind of sweetmeat.

Burnt, burning, a revoke at cards.

Sokht

Burnt, scorched.

Sokhta
dil

.jan

Inflamed in mind with love or

grief,

slow match, tinder.

I

Sokhtan-i

Fit or deserving to be burnt.

Som

The moon.
-war

Monday.

Son

An

oath.

Sona

To

sleep, gold.

-chandi

Sone ka nawala

Gold and

An

silver, riches,

expensive

wealth.

banquet,

delicious

morsel.

^onta
Sonte-lbardar

-A.

club, mace, pestle.

mace

bearer,

person in the retinue

GtOSSAKY or INDIAN TERMS.

196

of the great armed with a club, generally

covered with silver.

i$onth

Dry ginger, a miser.

To endure, to wait patiently,
To be very covetous.

ki

SI

nas le rahna

Sonth ki nas na lena ...

Sot

Sota

1
J

fountain, a rivulet, an

spring, a

arm

of the sea.

Burning, vexation, heart-burning, ardour,

Soz

to suffer.

a stanza of a marsiya or elegiac poem.

Burning and

-gndaz

an impassioned

melting,

style in poetry.

One who chants

-khwan
khwan-I

a dirge.

Chanting a dirge.

Sozan

Sozish

Burning, solicitude, pain, vexation.

Sozn-i

needle, pricker of a gun.

kind

of

small

embroidered

carpet,

quilted linen, tamboured work.

r

Sraddh

Funeral obsequies, consisting in offering

and

rice

ancestors

fruits,
:

&c.,

the manes of

to

feeding of priests and other

prescribed

ceremonies

in

honour

of

ancestors.

Sraddha

Faith, belief, fondness, desire.

Sradki

Sarap or srap

dena
Saresh, prop, siresh

The name of a

tribe of

Hindus.

Cursing, a curse.

To

curse.

Glue.

Sri

Prosperity,

name of Laohhmij wife of

before HindB proper

Tishnn, written

names of persons, master,

Srisht
Srishti

Sarisht

Sthapan

sir.

The

creation, the world.

'

Causing to stand, placing,

fixing, as the

placing of a god.

Sn

(In

compos

:)

signifies

rtanl

Beautiful, well-shaped.

dhal

Neat, elegant.

Sn
- -ba-su

side, part,

Side by side.

towards.

good, well.

197

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERES.

Sn'a

parrot,

needle with which

bags are sewed,

awn

Suba

packing

gunny

needle, an

of corn.

province,

in

also,

Hindustan, a go-

vernor.

The

8&l)a-dar

cLief (or

a military

lieutenant)

of a province,

among Indian

officer

troops

whose rank corresponds with that of a

captain.

The

-dar-i

office

of

province,

lieutenant of a

the government of a province.

Snbh

Co-)

Morning, dawn.

gah

The morning

gahau

The

Of

gah-i

Dawn

-i-sadik

khez
kbez-a

the morn.

Just before daybreak.

-i-kazib

khez-iya

time.

early dawn.

of day.

Eising early in the morning.

1

j
1

thief

and

who

early

rises

steals before

in the

morning

people are awake.

Snbh (sj

Good, pleasant, agreeable, happy, fortunate.

Snbha

rosary.

gardan

Turning or revolving the rosary.

gardan-I

The turning, or counting the beads

in,

tbe rosary.

Sttb'han

Praising, glorifying

God, a

of the

title

deity.

Sub'hSn-i

Sii-bhaw

Of God, divine.
Good disposition,

disposition,

nature,

.....

manner, well-disposed, of good quality.

Snbheta

Subk-I

Opportunity, convenience, time, leisure.

'

Snbka'i

Lightness, levity.

Snbka'i
Siibar

g^jjj.g

Impure, alloyed

Snbnk, prop. Sabnk

Light

(either

silver.

in

weight

or

character),

debased, unsteady.

-bar

Lightly, burdened, unencumbered.

198

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

Snbnk-dosh

Lightly laden.

pa

rau

Swift-footed.
,

Quick, swift, light-paced.

Swiftness, celerity.

Snchet

Attentive, mindful, careful, a"ware, cautious.

Sndh

Memory,

remembrance,

con-

sensation,

sciousness, notice, care.

Beside one's

be sndh

accurate, correct, pure,

self,

clean, unpolluted.

bndh

Sense, perception, sensation, care.

rakhna

To

regard, look after, remember.

Sndha

Proper, true, straight, simple, artless.

Sndharna

To be

Sndharna

To adorn, to adjust.
Money borrowed at interest.

SSd-i

Sud-mand

be mended.

correct, to

Profitable,

useful,

benefited,

-beneficent,

profited.

SSd-mand-i

Usefulness.

Sndr, Shndra

person of the fourth or servile tribe

of Hindus.
the

(Composed principally
of the

aborigines

time of the
caste

and

intermarriage were
reasons,

social

restrictions

and partly

intermarriages

purpose,

latter

to

whether

to

there

prevent

between

are,

the

of India.

however,

prohibition came too late, and

doubtful

The
as

imposed, partly for

Aryans and the- aborigines

For the

of
the

at

Aryan immigration.

divisions,

further

country,

the

it is

very

at

the

present day, any Hindus, however high

their caste, of

A
Snembar

pure Aryan descent.

girl's selecting

a husband for herself,

the public selection of a husband by a

1
'

S-vrayambar

'

princess or lady of rank from

number of assembled
racliua. ......

To hold an assembly

among a

suitors.

or tournament for

the selection of a husband.

Snf.

Wool,

also silk, thread

and cotton.

199

GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

:Snfi

Musalman

peculiar

holding

sectary,

notions.

-nl-mazhab
_

._-

Belonging to the Sufi

,
'

,
'

Suf uf

sect.

medicine, dry and unmixed, a powder,

^
^

'

rags put in the bottom of an ink-stand

.
I

to absorb the ink.

Sngand

Sn-gandh

Good

perfume,

odour,

smell,

fragrant,

sweet-smeUing.

Snghar

Elegant, accomplished, beautiful, virtuous.

Currying favour,

bhalai

Su-gyan

Wisdom,

Suha

Eed, crimson,

flattery.

intelligence, sagacity.

name of

a musical

mode

or rag.

Such ornaments as are worn by married

Snhag

women, while
ka

husbands are

A kind of perfume.
A casket of jewels presented

itr

-pitara

-pura

groom
'

to the

dients for
,

alive.

by the bride-

a paper of ingre-

bride,

painting the head presented

by the bridegroom

to the bride.

To become a widow.

ntarna

their

A married

Snhagan

woman whose husband

ia

alive

because she then wears the snhag.

uhal

Sahali

Snhar

Bread or cakes

Agreeable,

Suhana......

agreeable,
:

approved

fried in butter.

please,

fair,

be

to

liked

An

bar-ar-i

Acquaintance.

society,

yafta

:Su'i

ka senbal

or

an assembly, a

acquaintance,

company

Keeping

with,

associating,

acquaintance.

Snhbat-I

be

coition, discourse.

bar-ar

-dar-I

to

of.

Companionship,

Snhbat

charming,

pleasant,
to

Used

to

good

society, of a society.

Companion, comrade.

needle.

bubble.

200

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN

8|i'i

se

ii$Ke

fee

STEIUklS.

klyijarl

"To draw

ko nikalna

perforn^nce

the

through the

(anything large)

eye of a needJe",

.phrase xprfiseiag

of things

appajrently

impossible.

Hidayat (a poet, whose name

signifies in

eousness'

tera

yiji

ta'ala;

li?

Tha kam
ShndSwand

sn'i

la

se khnda-J

Sgj

Arabic 'rightr
says

ko

''This,

Almighty was thy

woj-V, to

4raw

ke qi^ke

joikalS'r

Swelling.

Svja,

SflJJi

Sight,

borer, a gimlet.

Snji ff.J
Siaji (h.)

tailor,

Mpal, flour (grpund coarse).

To

Spjna
Sjik

the universe through the eye of a needj,'^

swell, to rise.

The

Venus, Friday.

plaivet

S9ka

Snkas

Leisure.

Snkh

Ease,

quarter of a rupee piece, iawf auSs.

easy

tranquillity,

oirAujpstances,.

content, happiness, pleasure, delight,

?lt>5s

Abode of happiness.

chain

Ease,, rest, leisure, tranquiUity.

da'I

Ease-affording, comforter, giver of ease,

-darsan

shrub, the juice of which

is

given f<*

the ^I'Taciie.
-t:

rdbam

Abode of happiness.
To live at ease.

-karna
r-rp^aa
tala

, ,

To get

within

SBkha

ease, rest, leisuj-e,

piece

of leather
th/e

Dry, dry

placed

on the

tobacco

eaten

w^h

beteUeaf,.

a coasumption, atrophy.

dhan
.-^awab

parna

IRipe
,

burnt

up with

dry answer, a

fo occur

the sun's rays.

flat refusal.

(a drought).

Siikham

Abstracted,

Snkhan

V. sakhnn.

Snkhauii

To

sole-

shoe.

dry, to evaporate.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN

At

Sukh-i

Snkhiya

SO'!'

XJlJUftS.

happy, tranquil, contented, com-

ease,

fortable.

Snkhit

TranqBil.

i^lkbua.

To

8ukh-pal

dry, dry up, evaporate, fall away, to

pinp away, wither.

Snkun
Soknnat

rest.

Residence, dwelling, habitation,tranquillity>

guzm
Saknt

kind of palki.

Quietude, peace,

.,

an inhabitant.

-riesident,
,

.,

Silence^ quietness, peace, silent.

Snkat
Siukr Ch.J

Sukr

,.

Ca.J

Sukwar

SBk.

See

Ab

intoxicating drink, wine, intoxication.-

Delicate, feeble.

,...,.,.

Sul

.Colic, the

point of a spear, pike or

tfidefli,,

a thorn, icompassion, tenderness.

Sa-lac)iffibiadi

,,,
Su-lakshan

Good

-,

sign
or mark, beauty.
a
j
>

Snlacbhni

,.......,

jFavouiable^ well-behaved.

To

^nlagna

light, to

be kindled, to be inflamed,.

to burn without smoke or flame.

Snlahi

^ulaiman ...,...,

Solomon, the son of David,

Snlaiman-I

Belonging to Solomon, an onyx.

Snlajhna

To be unravelled or disentangled.
To cause .or put to sleep, to kill,

Snlana

game played with

6 kauris.

tft

murder,

To

deua

i^iila

kill,

to murder.

Little balls of tobacco,

Sulfa

Sulflyai
, _,

ganja or chara

sra^tked in a

hukka, without the inter-

vention of a

tile.

Pertaining
o to a hukka.
.

Snlflyah^
J

Sulgana

To

8ulh

Peace, reconciliation, treaty, truce, concord.

rii-kull

^-nama

Perfect reconciliation, definitive treaty.

.

An

SBli

charhana
,

dena

light, to inflame, to kindle.

>

agreement of peace.

An empaling
To empale.

stake, a

name of Mahadeva.

202

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

To

iSnljhana

Snltan,

pi.

Salatin

unravel, to disentangle.
prince, a sovereign, power.

tinltana

An

'Snltan-i

Eegal, princely, belonging to a sovereign,

empress.

of broad

a kind

cloth

(prop, snltan-i

banat).

manner, mode, intercourse,

Eoad, way,

rSnlnk

treatment,

usage,

kindness,

civility,

attention,

karna

To

to treat with

to proceed with,

treat,

kindness.

To

iSnlwana

cause to put to sleep, (cans

of sona,

to sleep).

Sum

hoof.

Samba

sponge-staff, a ramrod.

Sumbnl

Spikenard

which the locks of a mis-

(to

tress are compared), the hyacinth.

-istan

Hyacinth-bed.

iSnmern

mountain in

Hindu m.ythology the

The north

residence of the gods.

Sun

pole.

Insensible, without sensation, palsied.

Sunar

Sunar-T

The

goldsmith.
trade of a goldsmith, a good, hand-

some woman.

Snnd

. .

The proboscis of an

SSnda

Snngh

Smell.

Snngha

Staunch

elephant.

weevil or small insect in corn.

in

(as

a dog), a

person employed

Maharatta armies, who was said to

be able

to

detect

hidden

treasure

or

grain by the smell of the earth.

Snnna

To

Sunnat

Circumcision, the traditions of Muhainmad.

karna
Sunn-i

To

hear, a dot, a cipher.

circumcise.

Lawful, an orthodox
reveres

equally

Muhammad,

the

and,

char-yar-I (the

Muhammadan, who
four successors
hence,

porpoise.

called

of
also

Turks are Sunnis; the

Persians are Slti'ahs, g.v.)

Suus

203

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Suusan

^"P^"

dreary.

silent,

Still,

Betel-nut.

Snpiyari
J

Charge, keeping, care, trust, custody.

>

bona

To be consigned

karna
-knntnda

To give in charge, to consign,

The committing officer.

-nama

Assignment, delivery,

to one's care.

trust

to entrust.

or

hypothe-

cation.

Delivery, chargy, commitment.

Supurdagi

ka warant ....
Sn-put

_,

Saput

Warrant of commitment.
dutiful, tractable son.

A god,

Sur

deity, angel, tone, melody, accent,

song, note.

To

milana

sing in tune.

Snr

SHra

A chapter,

hero, the sun, a horn, trumpet.

or division of the

Kur'an

(there

being 114 in number).

The Yak of

gae

Tartary, or bushy tailed bull

of Tibet.
Search, inquiry, sign, mark, spying.

Suragh
laganal

To

search, to seek, to spy.

milna

To

get an inkling of.

rasani

Tracing, detection, discovery.

lema

SurShi

goblet,

a long-neoked

jug (In India,

flask,

made of earthenware, something

an English water-bottle,

like

jar,

this utensil is generally

in shape

but with

a longer neck).

bardar

The

dar

Shaped in form of a surahl

The

Suraj

carrier of the flask or goblet.

The family or race of the sun, in contradistinction with the chandU orchan-

bansi

dela,

"

(a pearl).

sun.

grahan
J

who

claim descent from the moon.

Eclipse of the sun.

GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TERMS.

204.

ammns), a kind

Sun-flower, (Helianthns

Suraj-mnkli-i

of parasol.

A
A

Siirakh

Snran^

hole, orifice, passage.

mine, subterraneous passage, (partica*

dug by

larly

lagana

To mine,

nraaa

To

face,

An

gar

countenance, appearance, por-

manner, condition,

trait,

-ashna

to plot.

explode, blow up.

Form,

SHrat

thieves), light-bay, red.

state.

acquaintance.
painter, limner, sculptor.

-haram

Plausible.specious, superficial,(fair without

-i-hal

and foul within).

Snratan

"

statement.

In form, in shape, in appearance.

SBrt

Exterior, apparent.

Surkh

Jled,

St.

Anthony's

fire.

bed

lab-i

Redness of

posh

Dressed in red.

rii

Honourable

kind of cane.
the, lips.

not

with

pale

the

con-

sciousness of guilt).

Honour,

rn-i

character, fame.

Snrkh-i

Eedness, blood, brick-dust.

I^urma

collyrium (generally considered to be

antimony, but
is

are stained,

and
it

(Ian

J-

adds to

and

beauty,

of

women

partly, because

considered to strengthen the sight.

box

for holding

snrma.

honS

To be reduced

karna

To reduce to powder.
To apply snrma to the

laganii

Snrsuri

those

from a notion that

Stained with snrma.

1

used in India

is

especially

children, partly

it is

aluda

what

an ore of lead), with which the eyelids

Titillation,

to a fine

powder.

eyelids.

an insect bred in grain.

205

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Surt

memory,

Consideration, reflection,

atten-

tion, caution, accuracy.

Surta

Surt-ila

Mindful, considerate, prudent, intelligent,

'

accurate.

Good

Surnp

form

or

beautiful,

appearance,

handsome.

Surur

Pleasure, joy, cheerfulness.

hona

To

head,

get to the

be flushed with

to

wine.

Sus

(a.)

Liquorice.

SHs

(i.)

porpoise.

Snsa

Gasping, panting.

SSsi

Su-sU

Well-disposed, good-natured, of good man-

Sust

Kelaxed, lazy,

kind of

cloth.

ners, polite.

slow,

negligent,

dilatory,

languid, feeble, indolent.

-paimau
Sustana
_ _

Unsteady to one's engagement.

To

rest.

Sustana
J

Eelaxation, languor,

Snst-i

laz-iness,

negligence,

dilatoriness, remissness.

karna

To

relax, to

work

lazily.

Snt

(Swati) Snt

The issue of Arcturus, a

son.

pearl (from a

popular belief that drops of rain, falling

into shells in October,

when the

sun's

longitude corresponds with that of Arcturus, are converted into pearls).

Thread, yarn,

sat

thread, a stamen

silver

(in botany), a tendril.

kind of needle- work.

Suta

daughter.

Satak

Uncleanuess

buuti

the

or

impurity contracted by

members of a family on the

birth

of a child or the death of a person.

Sutal

Hell, or a place

three

surface of the earth.

Sutar
Sutarl

A carpenter,
An awl.

stages

Hunteb.

time, opportunity.

under the

206

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Snthan
_,,

Drawers.

Satnni

Snthra

Good,well,excellent,neat,beautiful,elegaiit.

Snthra-i

Goodness, neatness, beauty.

SatI

Made

SStli

String, twine.

of cotton thread.

Su'ubat

Difficulty, trouble.

Sn'iid

Ascent.

Suwal

Interrogation, questioning, question, proposition, request, begging.

karna

To

ask a question.

Suwal-I

A questioner,

Swami

Master, owner, lord, proprietor, a husband*

Swan
Swang

one who sings the marsiya.

an appellation of dandl fakirs.

dog, a hound.

1-1

Mimicry, acting, imitation, disguise, sham.

>

lana
_

nanna

Swar
Swarg

To

imitate.

Tone, voice, accent, note, a wowel.

The

sky, the first hearen of the Hindiis,

heaven, V. lok.

Swargi
Heavenly,
'

Swargiya

celestial.

'

Swarth

Wordly

Swarth-i

Selfish.

Swati

The

aifairs, desire, object,

end, aim, self-

own purpose,

self-interest.

ishness, one's

star Arcturus, the fifteenth

mansion

of the moon. V. Sut.

r

Syam

Black or dark blue, an epithet of Krishna^

name of

Name
Name

chirl

Syan

Syana

mode

or

ragini,

bird, a black cuckoo.

of a bird.

of a bird.

1
!

Siyana

musical

name of a

Cunning,

artful, clever,

Cunning,

art.

Syanap

Syan-pan

Syan-pana

prudent, mature.

20T

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

T.

T.

T.

Ta'addi

Extortion, exorbitancy, oppression, wrong,.

Ta'ahhnl

Marriage, establishing a family.

Ta^akknb

Punishment, chastisement.

Ta'akknl.

Understanding, perceiving, informing.

Ta'akub

Pursuit, persecuting, alternate succession,.

Ta'ala

Most

Ta'ala-llah

The most high God.

injury, tyranny, violence, cruelty.

following.

Ta'al

aUah

high.

Good God!
appearing conspicuous.

Ta'alli

Exalting one's

Ta'allnk

Relationship, connection, dependence, pro-i

self,

perty, possession, appertaining, considerreflection,

ation,

commerce,

correspon-

dence, a manor, lordship.

at-i-dnnyavi
.dar

Worldly concerns.
Possessor of an estate, a lord of a manor,,
landlord,

feoffee.

position under
the N.

such

W.

are

(Those

Government

holding
in

P., are so called; in

designated

this

Oudh and
Bengal

zamin-dar, which

has the same signification).

Ta'allul

Procrastination, excuse, objection.

Ta'allnm

Learning, study, knowledge, being taught^

Ta'am

Victuals, eating.

bakhsh
talash.

A
A

large spoon to serve out food with.

sponger.

Ta'at

Devotion, obedience, obsequiousness.

Ta'b

Labour, lassitude, weariness,

Tab

Heat, light, splendour, power, endurance,

toil,

trouble.

brooking, rage, fury, twisting, contortion.

dar

dena
lana
tilli

Bright, luminous, twisted.

To twist.
To be able

to bear.

Aifection of the spleen.

GHiOMAKY OF INDIAN TERMS'.

-20ff

Sweet, agreeable, good, pure, excellent.

'Tab

Tab'

Nature,

temperament,

genius,

quality,

disposition.

azma-I

Trial

genius.

cif

Invention, production of genius.

-zad

TabSbait

The

Tabah

Ba(d,

prii<etice

of medicine.

wicked,

depraved,

abject,

spoiled,

ruined, wretched^

Tabah^nr

Profoundness in learning.

Tabah^a

Wickedness, depravity, ruin, perdition.

Tkbak

cover, plate, dish,- leaf, disk, gold-leaf,

one thing

tinfoil,

following another or

consecutive, the story of a house, class,

order, degree.

Tabaka
Tabka

Tabakhtnr

story, floor, stage, degree, class, order,

rank, shelf.

walking with a haughty gait

Strutting,

or a rolling motion.

TabSn

Respleadent, splendid, glittering, burning.

Taban-T

Splendour,

Tabar

Tabar
-bardar

>

zan
-zTn

Tabar

light.

small lake.

hatchet,

an axe.
,

A.n axe-bearer, a wood-cutter.

horseman's battle-axe.

People, nation, race, tribe, family.

Tabarak
-allah

Be blessed, bless.
God be blessed.

Tabarra

Curse of a Shi'ah over a Snnni.

Tabarruk

Benediction, congratulation, a portion of

presents (or what

is left

of food presented

to great men), given to their dependents,

sacred relics.

Tabasbir

The sugar of the bamboo.

Tab-dan

TabdTI

Change,

lattice,

a sky-light.
alteration,

tation, migration.

bona
karna
Tabdill

To be changed.
To change, to alter.
Transfer.

difference,

transpor-

209

GLOSSAKI OF INDIAN TERMS.

Tabi'

Dependent, follower, subject.

dar

Dependent, follower.

dar-i

dar-i

Allegiance, obedience, fidelity.

karna

To

obey, to serve, to submit.

hona

To

be subject, to be dependent.

karna

To

control, to subject.

Tab-'i

Natural.

Tabi'at

Genius, nature, disposition, temperament,

constitution, essence, property.

ana

To be

bahal hona

bahalna

To recover from
To be amused.

bhar jana

To be

bigarna

To feel sick,
To be ill.

bimar hon5

attached

illness.

satiated.

to

be excited.

dar

Clever, sharp.

lagna

To

larana

To

larna

To tackle a problem.
To be disinclined towards,

take

na lagna

or

interest

attached

to.

pleasure in,

to

be

to.

tackle a difficulty.

to

feel

un-

comfortable.

-shinas

nlajhna

physician.

To be entangled

in.

Following, dependence.

Tabi'at

Tabib

Tabib-i

The business of a

Tabi'i

Natural, of nature, innate, intrinsic.

Tabi'in

Followers, companions.

Tabinda
-gi

physician.
physician.

Shining.

Splendour, brightness.

Ta'bir

Explanation, interpretation.

Tabl

A
bajana

A
A

Tabla

Tablak

Tablak

Tabl

Tabrid

To

jang

drum.
beat the

drum

(with the fingers).

small tambourin.
file

or bundle of papers.

little

drum.

Martial drums.
Cooling, refreshing, a cooling and refresh14^

GLOSS AEY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

210

usually

ing drink,

given

after

a (A,)

jullab (a purge).

A coffin,

Tabut

a bier, thq ark of the convenant,

presented by
(according to
the
the

God to Adafli, and which

Muhammadans) contained

portraits

of

muharram,

the prophets., (In

all

g.v.,

when

the obsequies

of Husain are annually commemorated

by the sM'ah
the martyr

is

Cg.v.J

sect,

the tabut

of

carried in procession).

Reparation, remedy, precaution, provision,

Tadarnk

preparation (particularly, to obtain justice),

to

the instruments

procure justice

and means used

as writings,

lawyers,,

witnesses, &c., chastisement, retaliation,

karna

To provide

against, to prepare, to oppose,.

to chastise.

Tadawnl

Tradition.

Tadbir

Deliberation, counsel, contrivance, opinion,.

(pi. tadbirat).

advice, government, regulation, arrange-

ment, order, management.

i-ghiza

Eegimen of

i-saltanat

Politics.

Tadf in

diet.

Burial, interment.

Tadrq

Gradation, scale.

Tafakknd

Searching for a thing

Tafakknh

Admiring,penitence,enjoyment of any things

Tafakkur

'Reflection.meditating, considering, anxiety..

Taf aruk

Division, separation.

Taf awnt

Distance, difference, distinction, disparity,

distant, separate,

bolna
Tafrih

To

lost,

kindness.

away, absent.

prevaricate.

Eejoicing, exhilarating, amusement.

-i-tab'

Tafrik

Ease of mind, cheerfulness,

hilarity.

Separation,division,partition,participation,.
jealousy, misunderstanding,

karna
Tafrika

To

analyse.

Separation, dispersion.

dena.

To sow

karna

To

dissension.

separate.

department..

211

GLOSSABY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Explanation, analysis, separation, division,

Tafsil

detail.

-war

Distinctly , in detail.

Explanation, commentary, paraphrase, an

Tafsir

interpretation of the Kur'an.

Tafta

Hot, burning, melted, quick lime.

Heat, ardour, trouble of mind.

-gi

Taftish

Examination, inquiry, search, investigation,

Tateih

Disgrace, disrepute.

Tafzll

Excellence, preeminence.

Tag

Eunning.

research.

Ta^a

Taggi

thread, a strand or thread of twist.

The

Taga'i

paid for quilting,

price

the

act of

quilting.

Tagana

To

Tagarg

Hail.

cause to be quilted, to

get stitched

together.

Tag-dau
Tag"0-dau

Fatigue, running about on business or in

search of employment, great exertion.

Taghaiyur

Change, alteration, removal.

TagMr

Alternation, change, changed, discharged,

dismissed.

hona

To be

karna

To remove from an

altered,

removed or dismissed.
to

office,

dismiss,

to alter.

Taghir-i

The

state of alteration

or

change, revo-

lution, discharge, dismission.

Taghma

mark which

artists

ductions, device

Tagna.

To

on a

put on their proshield, a medal.

quilt, to stitch together.

Tag-o-pB.

Search, inquiry, bustle.

Tag-o-taz

Eunning, course,

Xah

Eold,

plait,

gallop.

the bottom,

beneath, under,

intent; meaning.

^band

A cloth

worn round

the waist, and pass-

ing between the legs; (V. langot-i and

dhoti).

ba-tah

Plait

by

plait,

every fold.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

212

To

Tah-ba-tah karna

pile

one upon another.

bazar-T

Ground- rent of a

dar

Having foundaiion or meaning,

darz

New.

deg-i

The scrapings of a
of

stall in

that

victuals

the market.
rational.

pot, the burnt part

sticks

the bottom

to

of a pot.

-deha

To

kar rakho

tinge slightly.

Fold and
self

laj'

by,

it

i.e.

keep

it

to your-

express the speaker's

to

used,

(is

or his not wanting the

independance,

thing spoken of).

khina

room under ground,

cavern, a cellar, a

a lower story, a vault.

marna

of a

disease

thirst, affecting

nishin bona

To

-o-bala

To
To

pahnnchna
(pi.

of tnhfa

Tnhfajat

Tahaiyur

excessive

down

subvert, to overthrow.

get to the bottom, to find out.

Earities, varieties,

curiosities,

choice ar-

tides, presents.

Amazement, wonder, astonishment.

Tahajji

(Huruf-i

'

from

to, settle.

Topsy-turvy, upside

o-bala karnS

Taha'if

subside,

horse,

the flanks.

Spelling,
)

The

letters of the alphabet.

Tahajjud

T^lial

Housewifery, housekeeping, duty, service,

form of prayer said during the night,

wakefulness, sleeping sound.

work, job, use, drudgery.

task, business,

karna
lagani

To serve,
To dance

na

To walk backwards
take the

to drudge.

attendance.

air,

ni

takor

Business, duty, work.

wS

Tahammnl

and.

forwards,

to

to rove,, to -ramble.

maid-servant.

servant, attendant, menial.

Patience, endurance, long-suffering, resignation, forbearance, truce, peace, meekness, humility.

Ttthana

To

fold,

to ply,

to wrap.

213

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERTHS.

Taharat

Purity,

ablution,

sanctity,

cleanliness,

ceremonial purification.

To become

karna

pure, clean, to purify one's self.

Taharati

Pure, clean.

Tahkik

Ascertaining,

investigation,

trial,

precision,

cation, exactness,

verifi-

truth,

cer-

tainty, authentic, ascertained, actual, real,

indubitable, apparent, truly, indeed.

Tahkir

Despising, scorn, neglect, disdain.

Tahrik

Movement,
desire,

temptation, encouragement.

dena

To

karna

To tempt.

Tahrir

agitation, incitement, exciting

touch, to move,

to, aifect,

Writing correctly,

to encourage.

manumis-

description,

sion, vifritten, dated.

i-uklidas

Euclid's elements.

-i-zohri

karua

writing on the back.

To

Tahsil

write, describe, record.

Gain,

acquisition,

attainment,

profit,

collection

learning,

(particularly

of

revenues).

dar
-dar-i

karna
Tahsil-na

collector, tax-gatherer.

CoUectorship, tax-gathering.
,

To

acquire, to gain, to collect.

To

collect,

to

Taksin

to

gather a tax, to oppress,

afflict.

Approbation, applause, acclamation.

i

akhlak

Taht

Good
The

tion,

i-farman
-lafzi

breeding, civilization, refinement.

inferior part,

belovr,

under, subjec-

possession.

dominion.

Subjection,

Verbally,

literal

translation,

interlinear

translation.

meu

lana

To conquer,

to subjugate.

u-s-sara

Under

u-sh-shu'a'

Change of the moon,

the earth.

conjunction

with

the sun.

Tahwn

Change, transfer, renovation, return, passing of the sun, moon, or a planet from

one sign to another.

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

214

TahwHat

(pi )

Trusts, charges, cash.

Tahwil-dar

A.

Tahwil-dar-i

The

Tahzib

Civilization, politeness.

-i-akhlak

yafta

cash-keeper, a treasurer.
ofiBce

Good

of cash-keeper.

breeding, civilization, refinement.

Civilized, educated, refined.

EoUing up,

Tai

folding,

passing

travelling,

or crossing over.

karna

To

fold,

to

roll

up,

to

constrain,

to

abridge, to travel, to pass over.

Paternal uncle's wife, an earthen fryingpot.

Ta'i

Xa'ib

Repenting, penitent.

Ta'Td

Aid, assistance, corroboration.

-irda^wa

Support of a claim.

-i-kalam

Support of a statement.

karna

To

help,

assist,

aid,

support,

take part

within, strengthen.

Ta'idat

(pi.)

Aids, helps.

Going

Ta'if

round,

making

the

circuit

anything, night-watches or patrols,

of

name

of a city in Arabia.
Ta'ifa

People, tribe, a troop,

larly of musicians
suit,

Ta'in

a band (particu-

and dancing women),

equipage.

Appointing, deputation, appointment.

Appointments, appointment, business.

Ta'Inat

karna
Ta'mat-i

To

appoint, nominate, put in possession.

The

object or business of an appointment,

appointment,

tour of service, a guard,

nominated for one's special duty.

Tairak

Tatrna
Tals

To swim, to cross over.

At the same moment.

Taish

Levity, folly, anger, passion.

Taiyar

Flying quickly.

Taiyar

swimmer.

Heady, prepared, finished, complete,

hona

To be

karna

To

alert.

ready.

get ready.

Taiyar-i

Eeadiness, preparation.

Taj

crown, diadem, a cap

crest,

the comb.

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

of a bird,

215

name of

of cards.

suit

A king,emperor,one who gives away crowns.

Daj-bakhsli
'^^^

One who wears

a crown, a king, prince,

emperor.

maliall

magnificent tomb constructed at Agra,

according to

the

design

of Austin de

Bordeux, a Frenchman, by the emperor

Shah Jahan, in memory of

Tfiir

Taj

The bay

Tajaddud

Jahan,

.,-,

queen

tree or its bark.

(Lanrns

cassia).

Kenewal.

>

Tajdid

his

"the light of the world".

Tajahnl

Pretended ignorance, contrivance, apathy

Tajallt

Splendour, brilliancy, lustre, clearness.

Tajalliyat

(pi.

Tajammnl

Dignity,

indifference.

(pi.

tajammnlat).

of Tajalll), lustres, illuminations.

pomp, parade,

retinue, furniture,

conveniences.

Tajarrnd

Living in solitude, solitude, celibacy.

Tajassns

Spying,

exploring,

search,

inquiry,

cu-

riosity, inquisitiveness.

karna

Tajawuz

To pry into,

to search diligently, to explore.

Departing, transgressing, offending, deviation, diversity.

karna
Tajhiz

takfin

Tajhiz

To

deviate, to stray.

err, to

Interment, burial.
Burial, expediting, arranging, adorning.

i-lashkar karna ....

To

raise

an army.

Taj-i-kharos

The comb of a

Tajlr

Tajiriha

Experiment,

cock, the

(Amaranthns or

cockscomb flower

Celo^ia).

merchant.
trial,

proof, experience, essay,

probation.

Tajirlba-kar
--kar-i

karna

Expert, conversant

in.

Experience.

To

experience.

Tajna

To abandon,

Tajnis

Making of
analogy,

desert, quit, leave.

the

same kind, resemblance,

equivocation,

punning

eye, instead of to the ear.

to

the

GLOSSARr OF INDIAN TERMS.

216
Tajnis-i-khatti

Writing words alike which are pronounced

Tajwif

Hollowing, making concave.

Tajwiz

Approbation, permission, inquiring

dift'erentl}'.

into,.

examining, considering, investigation, con-

judgment,

trivance, sentence,

To be examined, contrived,
To examine, investigate,

hona
karua

contrive, plan,

prescribe,

trial,

plan.

ascertained.

inquire

into,

appoint, con-

sider.

-l-saai

new

Ee-trial,

review of

revision,

trial,

order or judgment.

Tak

scale, balance, aim.

bandhna
J

la^ana

To

gaze, to stare.

'

rahna

Tak

(h.)

look,

an

glance,

aim,

the

act

of

aiming, pointing (of a dog).

bandhna
rahua

Tak

To
To

covet, to point as a dog.

aspire.

Vine, grasses.

(p.)

Temper, nature, disposition.

Tak
bandlina

To

lagana

To

stave.

expect, to long for.

Taka

Takabbur

Arrogance, haughtiness, pride.

Takabul

Encountering,

copper coin equal to two paisa.

drawn up in mutual op-

position.

Takaddasa

Pure, holy, purified.

ta^ala

Takaddnr

(An

epithet of the Deity). Holy, mosthigh.

Muddiness,

turbidness,

dregs,

dullness^

moroseness, disquietude of mind.

Takaffnl

Taking

security,

becoming

security

for

another.
T*l^*'i

Tax, duty, collection, imposition.

Takallnf

Inconvenience,
pains one's

ceremony,

self

in

taking

any matter,

agance, profusion, preparation.

bar-taraf

Waiving ceremony.

miz^j

Ceremonious.

much
extrav-v

217

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Takallnf at

(pi.)

i-darbar

Expending much.

i-majlis

The ceremonies of

i-rasmi

Ceremonious attention, empty compliments.

Takallniii

Conversation.

Takan

Motion, agitation, gesture.

cliarhna

Takarrnr

etiquette.

society,

To be

fatigued, tired.

Repetition,

repeating,

reiterating,

per-

evering.

Takassnl

Sickness, being lazy or inactive.

Takassur

Being broken or shattered, spent or debliated,

carrying figures (in arithmetic),

folding the wings (a bird).

Takatnr

Distilling drop by drop, raining.

Takawat

T'iety,

TakSwi

Strengthening, assisting (particularly tenants

abstinence, continence.

engaged in agriculture,

vances of

money

to

buy

with ad-

seed),

vying,

contending with, money in advance.

Taka^a

Dunning, exacting, urgency, importunity.

i-shadid

Inexorable dunning.

i-sinn

The customs

habits of ditferent ages,

or

as of childhood, youth,

manhood.

Takaza-i

Importunate, urging, solicitous.

TakMr

Repeating the Musalman creed, or only

saying, "

God

is

great,"

upon

particulai-

occasions.

Takdim

Giving precedence, priority, precedence,

jjerformance.

karua

To perform,
cedence

to

put before, to give pre-

to.

Takdir

Pate, destiny, predestination, lot.

Takdis

Sanctification, sanctity, purity, sanctifying,

Takf In

Putting on the winding-sheet,

magnifying.
laying in

the coffin, shrouding, sepulture.

Takfir

Covering, expiating a crime, doing penance

or paying a mulct

as atonement,

hum-

bling one's self before another (putting

the

hand upon the breast and

inclining.

218

GtOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

the head), showing distant respect, accfls-

ing one of impiety,

making one an

Nom

'TakhallBs

him

infidel,

de plnme, especially of poets

Sanda was

hammad
Making

'Takhfif

callifi^

unbeliever, guiltiness.
;

as

Mu-

of Mirza

takhhallns

Kafi'.

light,

alleviation, lifting up, de-

spising, abbreviating,

abatement,

relief,

decrease,

dimi-

abridgment,

remission,

nution, decay, softening the pronunciation

of letters or changing
for the sake of

Banishing

-i-tasdl'

Takhir

one for another,

euphony.
pain or trouble.

care, relieving

Delay, jirocrastination, impediment.

To

karna
Takhliya

delay.

Evacuation,

privacy,

manumission of a

private

slave,

room,

divorce of a

wife.

Takhmina

Guess, appraisement, conjecture, valuation.

Takhminan

By

Takhrib

Devastation, destruction, razing.

'Takhsis

Particularity,

guess, by appraisement, nearly, about.

pecularity,

reserving for one's

Takht

bakht

appropriating,

self.

throne.

Throne and

fortune,

wealth', as a form

also

'

v^edlock and

of benediction used

by woman.

To

ehllorna
-dar

i-rawan

abdicate a throne.

king.

travelling

the king

nlshan

-^^

One

-nishin-i

ya takhta

throne on which

sitting

on a throne, a king, a sovereign.

Accession to the throne, reign.

par baithua

par baithalnl.

throne,
carried.

Seating on, or bestowing thrones.

nishln

is

To
To

reign.

enthrone.

Either a

throne

or

a bier

(spokeh on

engaging in a desperate enterprise).

'Takht

Assault, attack, incursion, invasion.

karna

To

assault.

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

Takht-taraj

Assault

219

and plunder,

depredation,

de-

vastation.

tarSj

karna

To

Takhta

ruin, to depopulate.

plank,

board,

shelf,

deck of a

vessel, a stool, a bier, a sheet of paper,

a bed of flowers.
-band!

gardau
-nard

Wainscot, boarding.
Thick, broad and straight-necked (a horse).

Backgammon.

Takhti

small plank, a small rectangular piece

of smooth wood, generally covered with

fine

on which

sand,

children write, a

signet of stone, the breast.

Taki

Wall-eyed

Taki

Stare, fixed look, aim.

Taki

So

Taki

Pious, fearing God.

Takid

Confirmation,

(a

horse).

end

that, to the

(V. under Ta).

that.

injunction,

ascertaining,

superinten dence.

karna

To

enjoin stric'ly,

urge, to press, to

to

insist on.

Takidan

Eeprovingly, emphatically.

Takka

goat.

rish

Beard on the chin only,

rish-i

The

state of

like a goat.

having beard on the chin

only, like a goat.

Takkar

Shoving, pushing,
against,

striking

shouldering, knocking

blow,

butting, the

knocking of head to head, equality.

khana

To

stumble, to be dashed against anything,

to

marna

meet with a

To knock

loss or misfortune.

against,

from the sup-

(met.

pliants striking their heads

on the ground),

to pray, to curse.

pahar se lem. ...

To

enter the lists

against an antagonist

of greatly superior force.

Takla

spindle.

Takli

weaver's reel.

TaMif

(pi.

Taklif at)

Ceremony, imposition of a btirden, trouble,

difficulty,

molestation,

distress,

incon-

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

220

venience, ailment,

karna

To annoy.
To take the

men ana

To be

nthana

To

Taklif dena

TakmH

aifliction,

annoyance^

trouble.

in straitened circumstances.

suft'er.

Comx)leting, finishing,

perfection,

excel-

lence.
-i
i

rihn

Eoreclosure of mortgage.

tamassuk

Execution of a bond.

karna

To

parna

To be

execute, give authority, complete.

completed, finished.

Takmila

Perfection, completion.

Takna

To be looked
at,

be stared

to

at,

aim

to observe, to

Takna

To be

Takora

A fillip, a

at,

at,

to look

to watch.

stitched.
tap, a

very small unripe mango,,

the sound of a drum.

To knock

Takrana

together the heads of two peoj^le,

to dash the head

together, to

on something,

to dash

grope in a dark place or

passage.

Takrar

Eepetition, tautology, altercation, contention, dispute.

karna

To

dispute, debate, wrangle, cavil, repeat.

Importuning, seizing,

^-i

troublesome, fond.

of argument.

Taksal
-Ibahar

charhna

ka kkota
Taksal-i zaban

mint.

Uneducated, unpolished, rude, unclassical..

To be

educated.

Spoilt in education.

Pure language, good idiom.

Taksali

_,.

Taksaliya

OfRcers of the mint.

Taksim

Dividing, distributing,

division in arith-

metic.

Taksim karna

To

Taksir

Fault, error, crime.

(pi.

war

takslrat)

distribute.

Bliimable, criminal, guilty.

Tak-tak

The sound of

TaktakI

Staring, fixed look.

feet.

221

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Taktakl bandlina

To

Takti'

The

Taktir

Distilling,

Takn'a

Takwa

Kety, abstinence, the fear of God.

Takwahi

look attentively, to gaze

pause in reading poetry.

cassava or

dropping, strangury,

spindle.

Watching,

at.

superintending,

overseeing,

looking sharply after servants, workmen,

and

(especially gold

smiths

silver

when

employed to manufacture ornaments from

the metals).

Takya

pillow, a fakir's stand, the reserve of

an army,
-dar

nishin

reliance.

fakir, a dervis.

To
To

receive respectfully.

karna
-kalam'sukhan-takya

cant

dena

support, to encourage.

word,

introduced

into

conver-

without meaning, an expletive.

sation,

To depend upon.

karua

To

lag'ana

Tal

lean.

pond,

time,

time in

chime,

striking

previous

the

the

fighting,

to

music, beating

hands on the arms

name

musical instrument,

name

of

of fruit and

tree of the palm.

To

dena

chime, to strike

body before

marua
thokn^
Tal

|
.

To

strike

the

hands upon the

fighting.

the

hands

against

arms

the

preparatory to wrestling.
Evasion, putting aside, putting

oflF

or out

of the way, rejecting a request, a heap

of wood, or grain, a stack, a rick, baldness from age, a turn or trick in wrestling.

karna

marna

To put oflf,
To heap, to

to heap, to prevaricate.

turn

the

scale

fraudulently

in weighing.

matal

Fraud,

deceit.

Tala

Tala

The bottom of anything, the

lock.

shoe, protection.

sale

of a

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

222

TMa

V. Tal.

pond, tank, reservoir of water.

Pay, wages, salary, desire, wish, inquiryj

Talal)

search,

demand,

sending

for,

seeker,

ana

Daily pay to constables.

bantna

To

distribute pay.

bnjhana

To

satisfy

one's

application,

request,

seeking,

or

desire

requiring.'

appetite

for

drinking or smoking.
asking,

Desirous,

dar

inquiring,

one

who

receives pay.

-dena

To pay one

-gar

Desirous, a seeker.

wages.

his

Desiring, wishing, inquiring, seeking,

-gar-i

To be called
To deinand,

bona
karna

-nama
Talab-ana dakhil karna.

summons,

To pay

summoned.

or

seek, ask for, call,

citation.

witnesses.

Ruin, destruction,

Talaf

summon.

prodigality, con^

loss,

sumption, expense.

To
To

bona
karna

be unfortunate,

to

meet with a

loss.

waste, to consume.

u-l-mal khalafa-1-

The

-'nmr

of

of

loss

riches

is

the prolongation

life.

Talaffnz

Utterance, expression, pronunciation.

Talaiya

Till,

Tak

smaU. pond.
to,

up

to,

while.

Talaf-i

Compensation, recompense, amends.

Talalf

Meeting, interview, reunion.

Divorce, repudiation.

Tala]i:i

Talamiz

(pi.

of Talmiz)

Students, scholars, pupils, disciples.

Talamtola karna

To put

Talap

Talash
-i

Talashi

off,

procrastinate, parry, temporize.

piece, a fragment.

Search.
Seeker, searcher.

Annihilation, dispersion.

223^

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

sUnas

Tal'a
.,.,

fortune-teller

Fortune-telling.

Tale

Below, down, beneath, under.

kl zamiu Spar honi
tale

dekhna

To

-upar
Tale

Ibale

Signifies great disturbance

and confusion..

see clandestinely.

Upside down, confused.

batana

To put

Tall

bajana

oflf.

key, clapping of the hands.

To

clap the hands

(generally

by way of'

censure and ridicule), to hoot.

ek hath

se hajni. ...

marua

Is used to express an impossibility.

To

hoot.

Talii

Tall'

Eising (as the sun),

sort of musical instrument.

prosperity,

fortune,

arising,

appearing,.

destiny, horoscope,,

the dawn.

Trying one's fortune.

-azma-i

maud

Fortunate, wealthy.

mand-i

Fortune, prosperity, wealth.

shinas

Fortune-teller, astrologer.

war

Fortunate, wealthy.

Good

-war-i

fortune.

Asking, demanding, interrogating, an in-

Talib

quirer, a seeker, a lover.

Wordly-minded,

-1-dunya

Searching after knowledge, a student.

i-'Um

Search of knowledge, study.

-i-'ilm-x

Connecting, uniting in friendship, recon-

TalTf

ciling,

bringing

together,

composition,.,

compiling of a book.

Ta^ik

kind of writing used by Persians, and

in India, suspension, delaying.

An

inventory, a catalogue.

Talika (corrup. form)

j

Ta,'ia.

occasioning

Causing,

excuse, (in grammar),

the

Ta'lim

weak

one

to

make an

changing one of

letters for another.

Teaching, instruction, tuition, copying

fine,,

writing accurately, a copy to write from*-

224

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

Ta'lTm karna

To

teach.

"Taljana

To

get out of the way,

to disappear, to

vanish, to pass away.

Talkh

acrimonious,

Bitter,

malicious,

rancid,

sorrowful.

-dana

Darnel, tares.
Plain-spoken, harsh.

go

karoa

To embitter or make

mizaj

Ill-tempered.

bitter, to aggravate.

Morose.

-rH

Talkha

Grain parched and pounded, then mixed

Talkh-i

Bitterness, rancour.

Talkm

Instructing,

with water into a paste, the gall-bladder.

tion,

informing,

religious instruc-

over the dead at the time

prayer

of interment.

To

karna

to inform,

instruct,

Tall

hillock, hill,

to teach.

heap.

The dew.

Tall
Talle-navis-i

^^

Unproiitable employment, wasting oitime.

_}
nawis-i I

The name of

'Tal-inakhana

a medicinal herb. (Barleria

longifolia).

To

Talmalana

to tantalize.

totter,

Talmalana

To be

Talraalate phirna

To walk about
To

in

restless

expectation,

be uneasy.

to

Talna

tantalized, perplexed, anxious.

give way, to shrink from, to disappear,

to pass

away.

Talna

To

fry.

Talna

To

evade, prevaricate, put

off,

postpone,

defer, to

drive

out of the way, to put

aside, to

move,

to

prevent.

Euined, destroyed.

'Talpat

The

Tain

palate,

the ridge

or

slit

roof of the

mouth, a disorder in horses, the lampreys.

Tlie sole of the foot.

Talwa
]

chatna
j

'Talwe

tale

hath

dharna

^^

^^^^^^

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN T^.iis.

(Ui^To

Talwe saMaue
--

Talwou

the

of the

soles

feet)

signifies excessive flattery, adulation.

ag lagni

SB

stroke

225

{lit.

burning in

the

soles

of the feet)

implies excessive anger.

Talwar

To

ka

g'hao.'

fight with swords.

sword-cut.

khainchua

To draw a sword.

kl anch

miyan men karna

To sheathe the sword.

'

'.

,.

Tamas-i, Adi.
'

swordsman.

Darkness, irascibility, promptitude to vindictive

'

n.
\

of a sword.

flash

Talwariya

Tama
Tamba

sword.

chalana

passions.

Dark,

irascible,

vin-

dictive.
_,

Copper.
^^

J
I

Tama'

Avarice, covetousness, greediness, avidity.

karna
dena

To
To

covet.
bait, bribe,

exciting desire.

Tamacha

A
A

Tamak

Vanity, arrogance, pride, growing red in

Tainacha

pistol.

slap, a

blow.

the face.

Tamaka
_
Tambakn

Tobacco.

/
|

Tamam

Entire, perfect, complete.

C^ontipletion, perfection,

totality, brocade,

cloth of gold tissue.

karna

To
To

shud

Knished,

tar

Wholely, completely, entirely.

hona

Tamancha

Tapancha

be finished, to die.
perfect, to complete, to finish.
is

finished.

7^ r.,
u
V.
Tamacba.

Tamaucha

V. Tamaclia.

Tam&niyat

Eest, repose, tranquillity.

(prop,

tumamnat).

Tamanna

Eequest,

wish,

prayer,

supplication, in-

clination, petition, hope.

-kash

Desirous.

15

GLOSBAJtY OF INDIAN TERMS.

226

An

Tamasha

enteitainment, show, spectacle, sight,

amusement,
-bin-i

dekhna
-gall

karna

To

Ibat

Tamasli-bia

any sight or spectacle.

see

place of show.

To

see, to take

make

to

ki

frin.

Luxury, libertinism.

a walk, tO/exhibit a sight,

fun, to jeer, to jest.

Anything strange or fnuny.

spectator, a rake,

an epicure, a whore-

master.
bin-i

Luxury, libertinism, raking, whoring.

Tamaskhnr

Buffoonery, joking.

Tamassuk

A note

Tamassnl

Imitating, resembling, applying allegories.

Tamba

Tambili

Admonition,

of hand, bond, obligation, receipt.

kind of drawers

very

wide.

correction,

punishment,

of admonition, by

way of punish-

beating.

Tambihan

By way

Tambiya

Tambol

The

Tamboll

Name

Tambolin

ment.
pot.
betel leaf.

sell

of a caste

whose business

is

to

betel leaf.

woman who

sells betel leaf,

wife of a

tamboll, name of a tree.

Tambn
tanua

To

tent,

a pavilion.

pitch tents.

A Turkish

Tambnr

chT

Tamhid

drum

guitar with six wires or strings

(in

Hindustan).

drummer.

Disposition, arrangement, settlement,

man-

agement, confirmation, preliminary, preamble, preface, preparative, introduction.

karna
-i

To

dispose, to premise.

Introductory

Tami'

Covetous, greedy.

Ta'mll

Performance, operation.

I-hnkm karnli

To

karna

To put

Ta'mlr

execute, or carry out an order.

into execution, to serve.

Building, structure, constructing, repair

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

227

karna

To be built.
To build.

at sigha

Engineering Department.

Ta'mir hona

Discernment,

Tairuz

judgment,

discretion,

dis-

tinction, sense.

(harf-i

Tamjid

^^

j^j^gj.l3_

pi^g glorification of

or prayer that

God

hence, the

hymn

pronounced from the

is

minarets an hour and a half before dawn.

T^^^^^^

Tamkanat
karna
iainkin

Tamr

stroke of the sun.

Dignity, pride.

To distinguish, discern, perceive, appreciate.

Majesty, dignity, authority, power.

A.

date.

i-hindi

tamarind.

Tamra

j^

gg^

Qf inferior

colour,

as

also,

of

value,

tambra, a

copper

false stone

resembling a ruby.

Tamsll

Comparison, similitude, allegory, parable,

(pi.

tamsilat).

lana

apologue, an example.
'Po allegorize.

Taintamahat

The

Tamtamana

To grow red

state of

growing red in the

in

the

face,

face.

glow,

to

to

sparkle, to twinkle, to flash.

T^n

Twang,
tan

A.

pride, conceit, vanity.

sound.

Ta'n

Blame, disapprobation, reproach, censure,

Tan

chiding, striking with a spear.

torna

To

note in music, a tone.

crack

joke,

to

excite a quarrel,

or

utter
to

sation, to animadvert, to strike

Tan
chhipana

up

The body, person.

dena

word

dih
-dih-i

^-dnrust
durust-i
-i-tanha

To hide one's self.

To pay attention.

person of application.

Application, exertion, attention.

Healthy, vigorous.
Healtli,

vigour.

Alone, solitary.

to

induce convera tune.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

228
Tan-o-man marua

To

to suppress any

and be

restrain one's desires,

silent,

to concentrate

feeling,

one's powers or attention.

-parwar

Self-indulgent, luxurious, selfish.

-parwar-I

Self-indulgence, luxuriousness.

To heat, to prove, to assay.

The warp, the threads that are extended
lengthways upon a loom.

Taiia

Tana
Tana

Unfortunate.

tariz

Taunting,

Ta'na

ignominy, disgrace,

reproach,

aspersion.

dena

To

taunt.

marna

To

cast reproach, to gibe, to twit.

zau

zan-i

Taunting, reproaching.

reproacher, taunter, aspersef

Tanab

Tanadduin

Penitence, bashfulness, modesty.

Tanaf 1

Expelling, pursuing,

tent rope.

persecuting, denial,

that another person has performed some

thing, as that he has paid a debt.

Tanaffar

Aversion, disgust.

Tanaffus

Tanana

Respiration, breathing.
)
.

Tanua

m
To

extend, to stretch.

Tanasnb

Uesembling, relation, proportion.

Tauasukh

Transmigration, metempsychosis.

Tanasnl

Uninerrupted

descent

through a series

of generations.

Tanazu'

Tanaznl

Wiangling.
Descent, decline
rank),

(falling

of price, losing

from a horse in order

leaping

to fight.

Tanba

V. Tamba.

Tanch
"

,,

Perverse, audacious, troublesome.

Tanchra
j

Tanda

venture (of goods'),

name of

a place,

the goods of a banjara, (a grain merchant).

Tandlhl

V. under Tan.

karua

Tang

To

ajjply one's self,

Strait, tight,

narrow,

to take pains.

confined, wanting,

filOSSAKY OP INDIAN TERMS.

229

scarce, barren, distressed, dejected, sad,

a horse- belt, a girth, a bap;, a sack, half

a horse's, bullock's, or camel's load.

Tang ana

To be
To be

ba-tang-liona

distressed, exhausted, dejected.

in distress or difficulty, to be ex-

hausted or

-dast
'

tired.

Miserly, niggardly.

cliashtn

Poor, distressed, miserly.

-dast-i

Parsimony, poverty, want, inability.

-dil

Narrow-hearted, miserly.

-dil-i

Narrow-heartedness, stinginess.

-hal

Poor,

distressed,

straitened

in

circum-

stances.

Poverty, distress,

hal-I

karna

narrow, circumstances.

To

>

contract.

straiten, tighten,

Tightly dressed, wearing tight clothes.

posh
posh-i.

Tightness of dress.

walft

Emergency,

The

Tang'

To hang
To seize

dena
lena

critical

moment.

leg.

up, to hang.
or bite

the

leg

(as a dog),

to

reproach.
tale se nikal jana.

To pass under

one's

legs,

to

submit,

to yield.

A small

Tanga

two-wheeled car without covering,

and on which one person only can

sawar

One who

A
A

Taiigar

Tanghan
-nnmii

rides in a

sit.

Tanga.

bale (as of cotton).

kind of horse, a highland pony.

Like a tanghan.

Tangi

Tang-i

Straitness, tightness, poverty, want, a bag,

hatchet.

a sack.

karna
Tang-na

_._

Tang-na'ij'

Tangna

To be parsimonious.

strait place
or passage,
*^
=
i-

To hang up,

to

dangle,

string (not on a peg).

TangrT

The

leg.

a strait.
to

hang by a

230

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

Tanlia

Alone, solitary, singular, unique, private,

Tanha'i

Loneliness, solitude.

Tani

Tani

A
A

TanI

The warp,

Tanin

Buzzing.

Taniya

kind of covering for the waist.

Tank

weight equal to four mashas (V. under

apart, only, single.

string with which garments are tied.

daughter.
the price paid for weaving.

tola).

Tank
Tanks

An

Tanke lagana

To

ndharna

stitch,

a tub

made of

stones, solder.

to solder.

To be opened or unripped.

khulna

iron pin, a stitch.

stitch,

Tan-khwah

Wages, an assignment on the revenue.

bantna
.

>

To

distribute pay.

One who

flar

a holder of an

receives salary,

order for wages.

dar-I

Receiving pay, service.

zati

Personal allowance.

T^'*''^

venereal chancre,

out of a melon to
T*"''!

Tan^ih

Cleaning,

a square piece cut

examine

quality.

its

chisel for stone-work.

deciding

polishing,

disputes,

investigation, search, ascertaining.

Tankiya

Purging (medicinally),

winnowing

grain,

settlement, decision, clearness.

Tankna

To

Tankna

To be

Tanna

To

stitch.

stitched.

extend, to

stretcli, to

expand, to

pull,

to knit ^the eyebrows).

Tambu tanna

To

pitch tents.

Tanna

To

stretch, to pull tight,

Tansif

Bisection.

'''*''*

Cat-gut, sinew,

the

to sit upright.

string

of a musical

instrument.
bajT

aur rag

bandhna

bu.jhri.

He

understood from the

To put

to silence

first

word.

an idle talker.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Tant

The crown of

Tanta

of

string

train,

231

the head.

camels,

drove,

horses,

series.

Tanta

Wrangling, altercation, squabble.

Tantaua

Sound, fame, rumour, pomp, dignify,

Tantana

Show

Tantanana

To twang,

Tantha

Powerful, strong, firm, solid.

of authority, imperiousness,

state.

pride,

childish passion.

Tantha-i

Solidity.

Tantra

Name

of

to jingle.

Hindu

(Shastr),

scripture,

charm, enchantment.

Tantri

^''"^l

The body.

Tanu
Tanur

An

musician.

Tan win

oven, a stove.

doubling the vowel

Nunation,

word

final letter of a

in pronunciation

with the

in writing,

which

such vowel the

gives

additional sound of n.

Mirth,

Taiiz

joking,

pleasantry,

ridiculing,

sneering, taunting.

an

Tauntingly, sneeringly.

karna

To

Tanzih

taunt.

Itemoving or separating from

all vice

or

impurity, holiness.
ipanzil

Revelation, the Kur'an, causing a traveller

Tanziui

Ordering,

to alight, receiving

him hospitably.

arranging,

composing

verses,

threading pearls.

Tanzir

Likening, resembling.

Tanziva

Inspiring with desire,

Ta'o

Heat,

(p.).

passion,

rage,

desire, propensity.

strength,

splendour, dignity, twist,

dena

To

coil,

to stroke the whiskers,

twist,

power,

contortion.
to heat

(as iron).

khana
Ta'o

(li )

/pgj.jjg

To be

heated, to be angry.

A sheet of paper,
To

lieat,

to

proof, trial, assay, speed.

raise

heat

by blowing with

bellows, to prove, to assay, to twist.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

232

Xau

Warmth,

heat, fever.

Tap fsj

Warmth,

prayer, adoration, devotion.

fpj
charhna

Ta.v

-^ fever.

To come on

i-ghibb

A
A

ka'nint jana

The

i-dikk

(a fever).

hectic fever.
tertian fever.

of an eruption on the

brealiing out

lips after a fever.

i-larza

-i-muhrik

An
An

ague.

ardent fever.

i-naubat

A
A

ntarna

To go

i-mnwazaba

quotidian fever.
intermittent fever.
oiF (a fever).

Xai)

Spring, leap, bound.

Tap

with the fore-foot of a horse,

stroke

sound made by a horse's hoofs in

a

velling,

tra-

frame made of bamboo for

catching fish.

Without ceasing

Taptap

drops
after

A
A

Tapa
Tapa
to'i

or -to'iya karna

the

or

sound

(the

of

pattering

of falling
rain

drop

drop successively).

worshipper, an ascetic, a devotee.

hen-coop.

To

trifle,

rummage.

to grope, to

Friendship, the anguish of love, solicitude

Tapak

of friendship, aifection.

Tapak

Pain, throbbing, sound

Tapak

Affection, esteem,

dour,

also,

made by dropping.

regard,

apparent,

love, zeal, ar-

cordiality,

palpi-

tation, consternation, affliction, uneasiness.

To

Tapakua
phoreka

throb, to palpitate.

The throbbing of

when coming

boil,

to suppuration.

Tapakua

To drop when

ripe,

drip,

to

to

distil,

to throb, to palpitate.

Tapan

Heat,

glow,

fervour,

the

sun,

the

hot

season.

Tapana

To

heat, to cause to glow, to

person warm himself at

he sun.

make another

tlie

fire,

or in

GLOSSARY Of INDIAN TERMS.

233

Tapana

To pour a

Tap5s

Sunshine, the sunbeams,

TapasI

Tapashi

libation.
toil,

labour.

A devotee, a performer of austere devotion.

,
'

Tapassi machhli

The mango-fish. (Polynemns paradisea).

Tapisli

Affliction,

agitation,

heat,

palpitation,

warmth.

A drop

Tapka

of rain,

falling

fruit

when

ripe,

(particularly mangos), a windfall.

Tapkauii

To

Tapkao

Distillation, dripping.

Tapna..

To be

cause to drip, to

glorified,

distil.

glow,

to

to

be heated,

to frisk about.

To paw with

Tapna

the fore

feet

(as a horse

expecting his corn), to search in vain.

To bask

Tapna

warm
Tappa

Tappa

The

in the sun,

or before a

one's self at a

warm,

fire,

to

fire,

to

to heat.

division, district.
post-office,

music,

the

name of

bound of a

the

ball,

mode

in

a jump,

a bo'.ind, a sort of hook.

khaua
-inarna

To bound,
To sew or

or ricochet (a shot).
stitch

with intervals, to read

in a desultory manner.

Tapri

Tapu

An

Tapua

A
A

Tar

mound, a small

height, an acclivity.

island.

plot of a field.

thread, a wire, the string of a musical

instrument, darkness, obscurity.

baudhua

To continue

or repeat an action without

interruption.

barki

The

i-'ankabut

Cobweb.

electric telegraph, a telegram.

kash

kash-i

Wire-drawing, a kind of needle-work.

kai'ua

tutua

wire-drawer.

To draw
To be

wires.

disjointed, to be separated.

Tar

(s.)

The palm

Tar

(It.)

Understanding.

baz

tree (Borassns flabelliformis).

Intelligent, quick of apprehension.

234

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEBMS.

Tar-baz-I

Quickness of apprehension.

Tar

Moist, wet, fresb, green, young, juicy,

tives,

a.

which, added to Persian adjec-

particle,

forms the comparative degree.

Tar

Intoxicated.

Tara

apple of the eye, the name

star, the

of the wife of Raja Bali.

maudal

The

starry sphere.

Tare ginna

To count the

Taraddad

Irresolution,

stars, i.e., to get

no

sleep.

fluctuating, sus-

hesitation,

pension of judgment, anxious consideration, debating, rejecting, contrivance.

at-i-dnnyavi.

Attention to wordly

Taradnf

affairs.

Succession, uninterrupted, carrying double

(a horse).

Taraf

Tarf

Side, margin, corner,

quarter, extremity,

towards, occasion, notice, approach.

J

dar

partisan,

follower,

sectary,

an

assistant, partial.

dar-i

Following, partiality.

i-sani

SB

On

Tarh or tarah

defendant, an enemy.
the part of.

Manner,

mode,

position, establishment,

ejection, throwing.

dar

Beautiful, graceful, well-shaped.

dar-I

Beauty, elegance,

dena

To

disregard,

style,

grace.

turn

to

deaf

ear

to

and graces,

to

pass over.

dikhaua

To show

off

one's

airs

affect.

kasli

Sketching, imitating.

Tara'i

khewa

marsh, mead, meadow.

Living in or near water, water-fowl.

Taraj

Plunder, devastation.

'Tarak

The crown of the head, a

hill,

heap,

head, top, summit.

Tarak

Tarakki

Promotion, preferment, advancement, in-

beam, a

crease,

rafter.

making

proficiency.

progress

in

learning,

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

TarakrT

To be cracked,
The beam of a

Taraknm

Heaping

Taran

The

Taran

Revenue.

Tai-akoa

235

be

to

split.

balance.

being

the

together,

thickly

collected together.

Tarana
.

act of freeing, salvation, deliverance.

_ _

To

Xiraua

cause to pass over or swim, to save.

Tarana

Modulation, harmony, voice, song, melody,

symphony,

shake,

trill,

quaver,

a kind

conceit,

fancy,

of song.

Composing songs.

-pardaz

Wave,

Tarangr

becoming

Taraneubin

^^'i^'sOj

lime-juice.

Hedysarum

honey mixed with

outrageousness, explosion

Agitation, tossing about, palpitation.

1

'J.ai*apiiiia

the

jump.

fury, leap,

Taraph

some,

''^'ith

Haste, hurry,

and dignity.

Tarap

state

Manna (produced from

Taraninbm

_,

whim,

emotion,

caprice,

To

flutter, to palpitate, to

be very desirous

about anything, to be agitated, to

Tarapna

jump, spring, bound, wriggle,

Taras

^. _

Tiras

vv'rithe.

toss

Thirst, alarm, fear, terror.

ana
_
-lagna

To be

thirsty.

Tarash

(In

compos

:).

cut, shape,

Cutting,

n. cutting,

paring,

form, fashion.

dalna

To pare

kharasli

Shape (particularly good), neatness of form,

off or

away.

elegance in dress,

Tarashna

To

Tarashshuh

Exuding, dropping

cut, clip, prune,

erasures, corrections.
to shape, to cut out.
(as sweat),

distilling, a small rain,

ifest,

dripping,

drizzling,

man-

evident.

To

drizzle,

Tarash-wana

To

cause to cut or pare.

Tarasna

To

long, to desire anxiously, to pity

Tar-ba-tar

Completely wet.

houa

to appear, to seem.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

236

To

Tar-ba-tar hona

with

drip

wet,

be covered with

to

blood

Dividing into four, making a quadrangular

Tarbi'

or square figure, (in astronomy) a quad-

rangular aspect of the stars, a quadrature.

Education, instruction, tuition, breeding,

Tarblyat

correction.

karna

To

pazir

Docile, tractable.

yafta

Well-trained, well-educated.

Tarbnz

Tarbnz

educate, to instruct.

water-melon (CucnrWfa citmllns).

'

Refutation, rebutment, reversal, repelling,

Tardid

opposing.

To

karua

refute, confute, disprove.

Tarera

The

Tar-I

Moisture, freshness, sugar.

falling

of water

from a spout, or

from any height.

Tari

se

By

(s.)

The

water.
juice

of

the

jialm

tree,

(corrupt.

Toddy).
Tari (h

Hilt of a dagger.

Tari

The clapping of hands, a key,

(s )

abstraction,

absence of mind, absorption in thought

or devotion.

Tar-I (p.)

Darkness, obscurity.

To

bona
Ta'rif

prevail over, overcome, overshadow.

Explanation, description, praise, praisina:,

assertion.

u-I-maj'hnl

bi-I-

maj'hul

Explaining in terms as
as the thing

Ta'rif I

Commendable, notable.

Tarik

Dark, obscure.

cbasm

understood

Blind-dim-sighted.

Tarik

Leaving, a deserter.
n-d-dunyii

...

Abandoning the world, abstinent, sober,

chaste,

Ta"t

little

intended to be explained.

Way,

an anchorite, hermit.

road, manner, custom, fashion, rite,

religion.

237

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEEMS.

^^'^^' '^^^^' '''""^''' ''"stom, rite, religion,

Tarikat
"

_'

batana

batwara

darbar

-i
i

peculiar order

To
To work
Mode of
Eorm of

among

the Snfls).

show the way.

direct,

baratna

of people (Tarikat,

sect, the better sort

la

a system.
partition.
state.

hisab

System of accounts.

innnasib

The proper mode.

Tarika

The apple of

Tarikh

Date, era, annals, history.

the eye, a star.

u-l-hgra

The

war

Daily, at stated periods.

era of the Hijra Cg.v.J

Any

Tariiii

building of a circular form with an

arched or cupola roof, a wooden structure in gardens, where a

Tarji'-band

watchman

sits.

kind of stanza in which one line oc-

curs at stated intervals.

Tarjih

Gaining a superiority,

preference, excel-

lence, pre-eminence.
-i-bila mnrajjali.

raklina

Tarjnma or tarjama
navis

Tark

fa.J

i-adab

Unreasonable preference.

To

excel, to surpass.

Translation, interpretation.

translator.

Abandoning, leaving, deserting.

Disrespect.

Tark CsJ

Logic, a proposition in logic.

Tarka

Dawn

Tarke

In the morning

Tarka

The
of
i-pidari

The

of day.
early.

estate of a deceased person, a share

it.

paternal estate.

Tarkari

Edible vegetables.

Tarkash

-band

Tarke men ana

quiver.

Carrying a quiver.

To

inherit,

succeed,

descend, come into

possession.

Tarke men chhorua

To

Tarkib

Composition,

leave, bequeath.

mixture,

form, mechanism.

cement,

make,

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

238

Mixtures, compositions.

Tarkibat

Well-formed.

-dar
i

Composed, mixed,

karna

To
To
To

Tarna
Tarna

pass over, to be ferried, to be saved,

free,

from

to

exempt,

to

rid,

to

absolve

save.

sin, to

To understand,

Tarna

artful, artificial.

organize.

to conceive, to

comprehend^

10 guess.

Tarna

Punishment, admonition, reproof,

penalty.
x
x

>

Taran

Tarna karna

To

TarnI

Tar o taza
-gi

Tarpan

reprove.
ship, vessel, boat.

New,

fresh, cheerful, verdant.

Newness, freshness.
an offering of

Satisfaction, gratification,

three handfuls of water to ancestors.

Tarpila

Haste, hurrying.

Tarra

Wicked,

vicious

(particularly

horse),

stout.

pan.

Violence, roughness.

Tarrana

To

Tarrar

Tarrara

chatter,

murmur, grumble.

pick-pocket, a cut-purse.

Sapidity.

bharua

Tarrara

To

gallop.

Quickness, expedition.

bharna

To

stretch out, or

bound

(a horse at full

speed).

--zaban

Chattering ceaselessly.

Tarrari

Quickness, fluency

Tars C/iJ

Compassion, mercy.

khana
Tars fpj
Tarsa

To

compassionate.

Fear, terror.

christian, also a guebre,

of

bachcha
Tarsan

of speech, eloquence.

fire,

a worshipper

a pagan, an infidel.

young fire-worshipper.

Fearful, timid.

Tarsana

To

Tars-nak

Timid, cowardly.

Tartars

cause, to long, to tantalize, to tease,

kind of dish.

GL08SAEY OF INDIAN TERMS.

239

Tartarabat

Bluster, boast.

Tartarana

To

Tartarata

Very greasy, dripping

Tar tar karna

To

Tartib

Arrangement, disposition, order, method.

dena

To

bluster, to boast.
with, moisture.

tear to pieces.

order, to

arrange,

to

put in order,

to compose.

dih

One who

i-daftar

Putting the

war

Regular,

arranges.
office

paper in order.

methodical,

regularly,

method-

ically.

Tar tntna.

To break

Tarz

off (V. tar).

Form, manner.
i

'ibarat

Construction of a sentence, style.

jawab-dilii

Line of defence.

kalam

Diction, phraseology.

Tasaddnk

Giving alms (particularly from a religious

motive),

alms,

sacrifice,

sacrificing,

devoting.

hona

To become

karna

To

Tasahul

a sacrifice.

devote, to sacrifice.

Pardoning, carelessness, apathy, slowness,

tardy proceedings.

karna

To

Tasalli

defer, delay,

put

ofi",

retard.

Consolation, comfort, solace.

To

dena

comfort, console,

assure, secure, ani-

mate, exhilarate.

jbakhsh
,.,

hona
Tasalsul

Comforting.

To

be consoled or comforted.

Connecting like a chain, association

of

ideas, infinite series, succession, flowing

(as

of water).

danr
Arguing in a

Tasamnh

Reciprocal

and

circle,

indulgence,

forgiveness,

mutual kindness

connivance,

meaning.
Tasanif CplJ

Compilations, books.

Xasaiii'i

The being, or becoming a Snnni.

double

240

GLOSSAKY Oe INDIAN TERMS.

Tasar

A.

kind of coarse

particular

feeds

on

the produce of a

silk,

worm (Bomb^x
asan

the

paphia) that

(Terminalia

alnta

tomentosa).
Possession,

Tasarruf

expidenture, dis-

sway,

use,

posal, embezzlement, extravagance.

karna

men

lana

To

take or get possession of.

Tasarrufat CplJ

The sum

total

Tasarruf-i

Common

provisions given to dependants.

(Ehassa,

of expenses, possessions.

what the master and

being

his friends eat).

The theology of

Tasauwnf

the Snfls or mystics of

the east, mystery, contemplation.

Tasauwnr

Imaginining, imagination,

contemplation,

meditation, reflection, fancy, conception,

preconception, apprehension.

To

karna

imagine, to fancy.

Tasauwurat {plj

Ideas.

Tasblh

The

of praising

act

chaplet of beads

-khana

khwan

God, a rosary, a

(not a

Hindu

rosary).

chapel.

Saying prayers, a person hired

to

pray

for another, a private chaplain.

khwan-I

The

parkna

To count

office

of a chaplain.

names of God on beads,

the

to describe the holiness of

The headache,

Tasdi'

annoyance, vexation,

dena

To incommode,

karna

To

Tasdik

toil.

trouble, vex, tease, harass,

annoy.

distress,
t<ike

God.

trouble, perplexity, aflBiction,

the trouble.

Verifying,

acknowledging as

attesting,

true, appeal.
i-bila

tasauwnr

karna
wala
Tasflya

Presupposition.

To testify, to attest, to certify, to

The person attesting, an auditor.
Purifying (particularly
will), reconciliation,

karna

To

tlie

verify.

mind from

ill-

adjustment, disposal.

reconcile, adjust a dispute, settle.

241

GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

Tasghir.

Diminution, a diminutive noun.

holding firmly or by force,

Seizing and

Tashaddud

strong, robust, corroborated, confirmed,

aggravation, severity, hardship.

Tashaffi

Consolation, becoming calm (after anger),

Tashblh

(liarf-i-tashblh)

Adverb of

calmness.

To

dena
Tashdid

metaphor

simile, comparison, allegory,

similitude.

assimilate, compare.

The name

Consolidating, corroboration.
of the

over

mark

orthographical

letters,

which

placed

(")

denotes

that

they

should be doubled in pronunciation.

Proclaiming, publishing, marking a crim-

Tashhir

inal,

public exposure.

To be publicly exposed in the

Making an error in writing,

bona
Tas'hif

streets.

writing,

changing the diacritical points so as to

alter the pronunciation

and meaning of

a word.
Tas'Iiih

verifying, illus-

Eectification, correction,
trating, attestation.

-^

karna

To amend,

correct, verify.

Distinguishing perfectly, making a correct

Tashkhis

diagnosis valuation, assessment.

karna

To

ascertain.

Honouring,

Taslirif

investing

exalting,

with

splendid robe.

arzani farmana

>

farmana
lana
lejana

To

go, or to come.

To come
To go

i
5

_
To honour with one
,

never said of one's

i

Sharif

presence,

self,

except by a king.

Tour honour! your presence!

Illustration, explanation, exposition, dec-

TashrlU

laration,

anatomy,

dissecting

body,

skeleton, details.

karna

To

enumerate,

illustrate,

explain,

particularize.

v/ar

In

detail,

with full particulars.

16

to

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

242

plattev,
basin, ewer, cup, salver.
.
1
.
'
1.
.

Tashtari

small salver, plate, a saucer.

Tashwisli

Confusion, distraction, anxiety, grief, alarm,

Tasht
I

disquietude, apprehension.

Tasliwlshat (pi
'^ J

ui

rr

i-

i roubles, anxieties.

Tashawish
J

Tasir (pi.) Tasirat

The making an impression,

an

effect,

impression, operation, penetration.

To make an

karna

impression,

to

influence,

prevail upon.

Imprisoning, taking a strong hold, sub-

Taskhir

captivating, imprisonment of

duing,

evil spirit,

an

magic.

Captivating of hearts.

i-knliib

Consolation, comfort, pacifying.

Taskin

Assuasive, mitigating.

bakhsh
dena..

To appease, pacify, calm, soothe,

To be satisfied, consoled.

hona

culinary vessel used by Hindus.

Xasla

'^

Tasllb

Crucifixion.

Taslim

Cpl.J

Taslimat ....

assuage.

recommending to

Delivery, consignment,

the care or protection of another, salutation,

To

karna

homage, health, security.

salute,

homage,

make

to

to accept

obeisance,

Taslimat ba-ja lana

To make

Tasma

thong, a strap of leather.

kash

strangler, a mute.

khainchua

To

obeisances.

strangle.

Invention, composition.

Tasnif

Tasanif

do

to

(most respectfully).

(pi.)

Literary compositions.
^

Tasnifat

-x

Tasrif

Conjugation,

declension,

inflection

(in

grammar), changing, turning, converting.

Tasrih....

Evidence,

manifestation.

explanation,

narration, description.

Tassu

An

Taswid

Making

inch.
black,

the

draft of a

letter,

rough copy, a sketch, plan, delineation.

243

GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Taswir

picture, an image.

To draw,

delineate, paint.

Tat

Father, warm, hot.

Xat

Canvass, sack-cloth, a coarse

hemp

cloth,

a counter.

A weaver of canvass, a maker of embroidery.

-Ihaf

Embroidery.

baf-i

Tata

Hot, heating (food).

Tatabl)u'

Following, imitation, continuation.

karna..

To

search diligently, to explore, to examine,

to follow, to imitate.

Tata thai

Beating time in music or dancing.

Tatak

Juggling.

Ktal

Tj

Hot, warm.

Tati
J

Tatank

An

Tath

True, right.

Tatha

Power,

Tatihra

Tatimma

An
i-khatt

ornament worn in the

ear.

might.

ability,

sand-piper (Tringa goensls).

appendix, a supplement, continuation.

postcript.

Tatka

Fresh, new, recent.

Tatolna

To

feel for,

to

grope,

to

search for by

feeling, to touch.

Tatpai*

Engaged,

Tatparj

The apprehension of an implied wish

attentive, addicted to, adept.

or

thought, need.

Tatpnnji

Tatta

Hot,

man

of

little

warm,

means.

zealous,

fiery,

passionate,

furious, outrageous, wrathful.

Tatta

skreen.

Tattar

matted shutter.

TattI

skreen,

doors and windows,

bamboo, painted and

placed

made of

strips of

letting in the light

sometimes made of khas,

(a grass,

dropogon maricatnm), excluding

and wetted
the

at

an-

light,

to cool the hot air, passing into

room from the

outside, a necessary.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

244
Tattu

-A-

pony, a small horse.

mare.

Tatwani

promising to sin

conversion,

Penitence,

Xaulta

no more.

dhar

To repent.
The sound of punishing.

tauba

Tush!

torna

To

karna

foh!

fie!

break one's vow.

Unfaithful.

--shikan

Unfaithfulness.

-shikani

Tanbikh

Reproach, speaking

Tauf

Surrounding,

harshly, threatening.

making

the

circuit,

pil-

grimage, the procession round the temple

of Mecca.

Taufik

(pi.

Tanf ikat)

The completion of

one's wishes, the divine

grace, the favour of

bakhshna
Tanf ir

To

God.

grant a favour.
increase,

perfecting,

Increasing,

excess,

perquisites, a supernumerary.

Tauhid

Unity, believing in the unity of God.

Tanhin

Enervating,

relaxing,

scoffing,

disgrace,

dishonour.

karna

To

insult, to dishonour.

Galling

Taujlh

one's

counting

explaining,

attention,

for,

adjustment

assessment, a description

TaBJih navis

keeper of description

Tauk

collar,

ac-

of accounts,
roll.

rolls.

yoke, necklace,

chain

for

the

neck, for ornament or punishment, a ring.

i-zanjir

Irons, manacles.

zanjir karna

To

Taukir

imprison, to put in irons.

Honouring,

respecting,

treating

with

ceremony.

Taul or

tol

tal

Tanlnti or tolua

Weight, weighing.

Weighing and measuring.

To weigh,

to

balance,

to

confront (as

two armies).

Tan'am

Tanus

Thirst, great thirst.

Tannsna

To be

twin.

affected or

overcome with

heat.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Taur

245

Mode, manner, way, condition,

state.

Ways, manners, deportment.

tarlka
Taiirit or tanret

The pentateuch.

Ta'ns

A
A

Tansau

peacock.
a

young unbroken

A peacock throne of the

emperors of Delhi.

war-horse,

horse,

horse.

Peacock-shaped.

Ta'ns-i
-i

takht-i

Tausif

])escription, praise,

Tanzili

Manifestation,

commendation.

a statement, account, de-

scriptive roll.

Tawa

The

iron plate on which bread

the

part

tobacco

l^nkka

of the

in

is

baked,

which the

placed, or the tobacco itself,

is

an iron mirror.

Tawaf

(V.

Tauf ). Turning, encompassing,

grimage,

making the

pil-

circuit of a pillar

oftheKa'ba, or sacred temple of Mecca.

Tawa'lf

(pi.

of Ta'ifa)

People,
larly

Tawajjuh

troops,

nations,

bands (particu-

of dancing girls),

Turning towards, regarding, attending

to,

kindness, favour, obligingness, condescension.

Tawajud

Mutual

Tawakku'

Expectation,

ecstaoy, rapture.

hope,

desire,

wish,

trust,

reliance, request.

Tawakknf

pause,

Delay,

tediousness,

hesitation,

patience.

Tawakknl

Trust in (lod, reliance,

ignation to the

karna
Tawallnd

To

divine

faith in or res-

will or destiny.

resign to God.

Birth, born, generated.

hona

To be

Tawan

born.

Eetaliation, recompense,

(tawan

is

debt,

and means the price paid

-bandhna
_
lena
,

To

fine,

loan

for blood).

fine,

used in opposition to Klsas,

to mulct, to amerce.

dena

To pay

dilana

To adjudge damages.

a penalty or damages.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

246
Tawan-1

Compensation, debt,

Tawan
Tawana

Power, strength.

Tawan-gar

Kich, opulent, powerful.

loan.

fine,

Powerful.

Tawan-i

Compensation, debt,

Tawarikh

(pi.

of Tarikh).

Tawarnd

loan.

fine,

Dates, histories, annals.

Unintentionally

ing by
the

letter,

sense

the

inserting

another in one's

own poems,

of

correspond-

when two persons

same thing, succession of

think

ideas.

Tawassul

Conjunction, introduction to another per-

Tawassnt

Mediation,

son, means, intervention.

an introducer,

introduction,

a mediator.

Tawattun

Fixing one's residence in a foreign country.

Tawatnr

Continuation, succession.

Tawaju'

Humility, attention,

pretended kindness,

empty compliments.
1-sainarkandI

False

i-shiraz

Simple

karna

To

pretended

politeness,

kindness,

empty compliment.

Tawayjn

homely

fare,

diet.

entertain, receive, present, offer.

Performing the ablution

before

arriving at the age of puberty

prayer,

when the

ablution must be performed.

Tawela

Tawil

Explanation,

stable, stall.

elucidation,

interpretation,

paraphrase.

Ta'wiz

Having recourse

to

the

deity,

asking

protection, a charm, an amulet.

Ta'u or taya

Paternal uncle.

Tayakknn

Ascertaining, ascertainment, certainty.

Tayammum

Purifying

Taza

before

Fresh, new,
fat,

ba-tiiza

prayer

with

when water cannot be

dust,

young,

green,

sand

or

had.

tender,

raw,

happy, pleased.

Fresh and blooming.

dam

Good

liona

To be

spirits,

in

flourish.

hilarity, cheerfulness.

good

case,

to

increase,

to

GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TEBM8.

Taza-kar

Making

kar-i

247

fresh or anew, beginner, renewer.

Presh or new work.

-kJiiyal

Imagining

what

new

is

or

an

fresh,

inventor.

warid
Taza-g'i

newcomer.

Freshness, plumpness, fatness, tenderness,

greenness, pleasure.

Tazallum

Groaning

Tayarru'

Supplication, lamenting.

Taj'hik

Mocking, derision,

Tazi

Arabian or Arabic, Arabian

under

oppression,

injustice,

injury.

khana
-kntta

dog-kennel.

greyhound.

ridicule.

(horse).

Taji'

Spoiling, wasting, idling

Idling away time, ennui, weariness.

-i-ankat

away time.

Tay'if

Doubling.

Tazik

Ta'zil

iiemoving or deposing from an

Ta'zim

Eeverence, respect, honour, treating with

horse of mixed breed.

office.

ceremony and respect, honouring, gentility,

politeness.

To honour,

karnii

to

reverence, to

show

respect.

Ta'zir

Punishment, correction, reproof, censure,

Ta'zirat (pi.)

Reproofs, censures, punishments.

reprimand.

Indian Penal Code.

i-Hind

The representation of

Ta'ziya

and Hnsain, which

river

harram

dar

f
I

gir

the

at

the
is

tomb of Hasan

thrown into the

anniversary

of

One who observes

Muharram.

the

The observance of Muharram.

khana

The

thanda karna ....

To bury a

lena

To observe
Mnharram,

A
marna

Mu-

mourning in the

dar-i

Ta'ziyana

the

(q.v.)

place of ta'ziya.
.

the

mourning during

to go into

mourning.

whip, scourge.

To apply

the whip, to scourge.

he

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

248

Condolence, lamentation, mourning.

Ta'ziyat

-nama

letter of condolence.

liaKkir

Masculine gender.

Tazkira

Mention.

Tegh

scimitar.

ba-katf

Sword

zan

zatt-i

Tesha

numa

Use of

A
A

the scimitar.

short,

broad scimitar.

sword

like a scimitar.

Name

Tehar

in band.

swordsman, a user of a scimitar.

of an

ornament of dress (perhaps

a bracelet).

Splendour,

Tej

refulgence,

glory,

strength,

energy.

man

Glorious.

Tek
rahna

Tekna

prop, support.

To
I

_[

1.6Kxa

lean upon.

Tekan
Xpkai*

prop, pillar, reliance, promise, vow.

To

support, to prop.
height, a rising ground.

Tel

Oil.

Tell

Name
sell

-tamboli

Low

of a caste whose business

oil,

is

to

an oil-man.

caste people, the dregs of society.

Wife of an oilman.

Telin

Name

Teliya

surang

of a colour

dark

bay.

Light bay coloured.

Telna

To remove.

Teln'a

Tem

Snuff of a candle, the flame of a candle

Tendu

The name of a

TeMu'a
T*ii

A
A

Tt

The

beam.

or lamp.
fruit

(Diospyros ebennm).

leopard.
particular breed of fowls, tiny, small.
ripe

fruit

of Karil,

(Cap]>ari8).

speck on the eye.

T'^'^t^'*

karna

An

imitative sound, an inarticulate sound.

To

screech like a parrot.

249

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

Tentu'a

The windpipe,

Te'o

Habit, custom.

Te'ohar

the throat.

holiday, a festival.

Present made, at a

Te'oBa

festival.

To sharpen.
To have a swimming

Te'orana

in the head, to be

faint, to stagger, to fall

down

sengeless

from a blow.
Te'oras

The

year

third

before

past or to

come, year

year after the next.

last,

Frown.

Te'orl

bigarna

To

charhana

To frown.

get displeased.

Tepchi

Ter

Tune, voice, sound,

Tera

Tera

The trunk of

kind of

stitch.

cry.

curtain, squint-eyed.

an instrument for

tree,

twisting coarse thread or twine.

To be

liilana

afflicted

with the venereal disease.

Thy, thine.

Tera

mera karna

To dispute about

property, to fight over

anything.

Terah

Thirteen.

wan

Thirteenth.

win

The

is

Terha

the

thirteenth,

death

when

thirteenth

day after

the last oi the funeral rites

performed.

Crooked, bent, uneven.

bera

Crooked.

bona
karna

To be crooked, displeased,
To bend, crook.

-pan

Crookedness.

angry.

Pride, vanity, haughtiness.

Terbl
-khir

snnana

Terna

difficult matter.

To give an impudent answer.

To

bawl,

to

roar

to,

to call loudly, to

shout, to tune.

Tesu

The blossoms

of

the

palls tree. (Bntea

frondosa), a kind of play.

Tetak manjha

Difficulty,

embarrassment.

250

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Tewa
Tewar

Calculation of nativity, habit, custom.

The

forehead, look, shape.

badalna

To change colour or countenance,

away one's countenance.

bigarna

To change countenance when

to turn

dying, to

be in the agonies of death.

Tewar

Swimming

Tez

Sharp,

or giddiness in the head.

pungent,

acute,

hot,

strong,

impetuous, violent, swift.

ab

Nitrous acid, aqua fortis.

'akl
I

fahm

Intelligent, quick of apprehension.

liosh

kadani

..,.

bwitt, quick fast-gomg.

>

gam-I

Swiftness.

nakhnn

Sharp-nailed.

par

High-flying, swift-flying.

Name of an

pat
raftar

v
J^ast-gomg.

rau

aromatic plant (Lanrns cassia).

-ran-I

Rapidity, swiftness.

tab'

Quick of apprehension.

Tezak

Cress, cresses.

Tez-i

Sharpness, strength, swiftness.

T^a

(Lepidinm sativam).

sound made by striking one thing on

another.

Tliadda

Standing, the

paper

T^S

Thagiya

bazi
jjjj

beak,

the

back stick of a

kite.

robber,

an assassin by strangling, a

cheat, swindler, imposter.

Cunning, fraudulent,

art,

thagna
,
lana

lena

To

rob, to cheat.

To

cheat.

'

Thagana

To be

Thag-na

To

Tliag-)u

Thag-ori

Cheat, trick.

cheated.

cheat, to deceive.

female robber or cheat.

dexterity.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Thah.

251

Bottom, ford.

Thaliaka

peal, a succession of land

sounds, an

explosion.

mulakat

Meeting with

demonstrations

great

of

friendship.

Thaharua

To be stopped,
be

stay, to

to

fixed, to stop, to

be determined,

to

be proved.

To

Tliahrana

be

to

settled,

determine,

stop,

fix,

appropriate,

ascertain, appoint, fix on, prove,

settle,

consider.

I'habra'o

Settlement,

permanency, appro-

fixture,

priation, proof.

Thai

Place, firm or dry ground.

bera

Place of abode, one's whereabouts.

Thaila

Tiiaili

>

ThaUiya

purse tied round the waist, a bag.

XiiaKKa

Clot,

lump

(congealed).

Thaka

Tired, weary.

Thakana

To

Thakke ke thakke

Conglomerated, stuck, congealed.

Thakit

Wearied, stopped, motionless, astonished.

Thakna

To be

Thakna

To

Thak thak

Sound, hard work, very wet, drenched.

Thaknr

harass, weary.

tire,

wearied, to

tire,

divinity,

an

a lord, master, chief

idol,

(among Bajputs), a

to fatigue.

fatigue, to be tired.

title

of respect, a

landholder, a barber.

dwara

An

sewa

Grant of revenue

idol temple.

worship of an

for

maintaining the

idol.

Thaknra'i

Divinity, lordship, chiefship, mastership.

Thakurani

thakur's wife.

Thakurayan

female divinity or idol.

Thai

large

TJiala

The place

flat

dish.
at

the

root

of a

tree

for

holding water, the excavation in which

a tree

is

to be planted, a large flat dish.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

252
Thai thai

!(

Xham

'

Loose, hanging, shaking, flabby.

prop, a support, an obstacle.

To

support, prop, shield, protect, shelter,

prevent, withold, restrain, stop, pull

up

(a horse), bear, assist, resist.

Xhan

of cloth,

piece

for

stall

cattle,

manger, a piece of coin.

Than

Udder.

Thana

A station,

(as police), a

of the lines of
..dar

The head

Thana

Thand

guard, the inside

an army.

constable.

heap of bamboos.

Coldness, a cold.

'-

Cold.

hona

To become

to

cold,

be comforted

or

be extinguished,
to

pacified,

rest,

to

to

lose virility.

karna..

To make

to

cold;

comfort,

extinguish,

assuage, pacify.

parna
(Kaleja thanda hona). ...

To

abate (anger, virility or wantonness).

To be
a

pleased,

or

friend

revenge

be happy (by seeing

to

have

to

relation),

one's

gratified.

Thanda-T

Refrigerant

Thandak

Coldness.

medicine,

intoxicating

the

drug made of bhang.

Thand-i

Cold.

sans bharni

To

sigh.

Thande thande

In the cool of the morning or evening,

Thand-i ganniyan

Lukewarmnless,

at

dawn

or dusk.
a

show

of

love,

pre-

tended affection.

Thang
-i

Thanna

A
A

den of thieves.
receiver of stolen goods.

To resolve,

determine, be intenton, intend,

set one's heart on, settle, perform.

Thanna

To be

Thaiisna

Tb

Thanthan

Dingdong,

Thanthanana

To

fixed,

stuff,

to

to

be ascertained.

cram.

tingle.

jangle, rattle.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

253

Thauw
I

Tha'oii

Place, residence.

Thaur
J

Thap

tap,

pat, flap, a

the sound of a

paw,

small drum.
Tliap-a

Thap-i

The noise of tapping,

mark of a paw.

with which

instrument

the

potters beat their earth, or

with which the earthen floors of rooms

and terraces are beaten (made of wood).

Tliapna

To

beat,

tap

(floors,

walls, terraces), to

patch (as a wall, floor, with cow-dung),

a religious ceremony performed at a certain season, at

Thappa

An

Agra and

in

its vicinity.

instrument for stamping leather with,

a die, stamp.

dena

_ _

To

ia^aua

coin, to stamp, to clap against a wall.

Tharra

kind of wine or spirituous liquor, a

kind of shoe worn by villagers.

Tharrana

.,

Thar thar

To

tremble, quiver.

Trembling.

Tliartharahat
,

Tharthari

Shaking, tremor.

Thartharana

To

tremble, quiver, shiver, shake.

Thas, this or thus

An

imitative

sound, as

of a musket

ill

charged, a flashing in the pan.

Thasa thas

Filled, crowded.

Thasak

State, dignity.

Thasakna

To break

or chip off a piece of earthen-

ware, without completely destroying the

vessel.

To

Thasna

stuff,

cram,

to

ram down the charge

of a gun.
^

That*
Thatthar

The frame of
,
.,
IS laid,

a roof

on which

the straw

arrangement, admstment, thathri

>

also

means the

Thathri
a skeleton, a very thin person.

Thath

Throne;, crowd.

shell of a house, a bier,

GLOSSARV op INDIAN TERMS.'

254

Thath

pomp, equipage, conven-

dignity,

Slate,

ience, plenty.

Thathakna

Thithakna

J
\

To
To

Thathana

draw bock

stop short, stand amazed,

in surprise, shrink, stagnate.

own head

beat one's

strike, beat,

token of vexation), to harass one's

That badalua

To change

Thathera

brazier, tinker.

bargain

(in

self.

one's posture or attitude.

Thathere tliathere ki
badla'i

between two people, equally

acute and knowing,

ThatI

AA

ThathT

diamond cut diamond.

I.

trust, charge.
^

Waggish, jocular, jocose, a

Thathol

Thathor

wag.

Fun, humour,

Thatholi

Pun,

Tliattha

karna

mama

>

jester, banterer,

sport, joking.

sport, joking, jest,

To

lest, loke,

jester,

name of

crack a joke,

a place.

,.,.,.,
deride, ridicule.

Tliattlie-baz

humorous person, a funny

fellow, jocular.
-baz-i

men urana

Jesting, sporting, joking, fun.

To make a

A
A

Tliawa'i

Thek

jest of,

to ridicule.

mason, bricklayer, architeet.

support, prop, a large sack

filled witli

grain.

Tlieka

Theka

plug.

Hire, fare, contract, a resting place.

bajana

To play an accompaniment.

baud!

dena

To

daimi

lena

A
To

form or

lease,

held on lease.

give out by the job.

lease in perpetuity.
take,

or

enter

into,

contract,

to

take out a license.

pesligi

lease

or

form of which the rent

paid in advance.
Tliel

hand

Thela

push, a shove.

theli

cart.

Shoving and shouldering.

is

255

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Thelam thela

The pushing and shoving of

Thelna

To push,

to shove,

a crowd.

move forward by

to

pushing.

Thenth

Pure, genuine, contentious.

Thenthi

cork,

plug,

ball

of ear-wax,

dhoti (q.v.)

Thepi
mniih men dena

cork, a plug.

To be

Thes

Thesna

To

silent.

knock, a blow, a shove, push, thrust,

tripping against a stone.

knock against,

pierce,

ram

stuff,

cram,

in, to eat ravenously.

Thesra

Sneer, innuendo, oblique reflection.

Tliik

Exact, even, accurate, complete, just,

fit,

true, regular, right,

proper, reasonable,

parsimonious, sum, addition, exactly.

ana

To

banana

Tochastise, bring to one's senses or bearing.

karna

To put

manna

To

fit,

correspond, suit, answer.

to right, to correct, to adjust.

receive, allow,

admit the accuracy

of,

approve.

samajh

Thik thak

Sound mind, sound.

>

Exact,

accurate, properly, accurately.

fit,

thik
j

wakt

Point of time, the nick of time.

Thikam thik
Thikam thlka

Exactly, truly, rightly.

Thikana

Eesidence, place, station, abode, dwelling.

dhnndhna
karna

Abuse.

To

seek a residence or employment.

To

accouat, to

to its

lagana

To

or trace an affair

search

commencement.

establish, to settle,

to prove, to find

out one's residence.

Thikane lagana

lagna

To put to death, to
make away with, to

To be
to,

Thikra

An

killed,

to

die,

kill,

to waylay, to

assassinate.
to be

put an end

to be terminated.

earthen vessel, a fragment of one (a

shard),

carrying

vessel

fire.

used

by fakirs for

"

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

256

Thiliya

Thinak

Thnnak

water-pot, pitcher.
,

sob.

Thinakna

Thunakna

To

sob.

Of
To

Thingna
Thirakna

small stature, middle-sized.

dance

with

expressive

action

and

gesture.

Thirkana

To

Thirna

To settle.
The state

Thithak

cause to dance.

To stop

of standing amazed.

short.

F. Thatliakna.

Thithakna
Thithnr

Numbness,

chilliness.

Thithir

Thithnrna
'

.'.

>

io be numbed,

chill.

Thithirna
J

Amount, heap, ready money,

Thok
dar

Thokar

A
A

share, portion.

wholesale dealer.
blow,

stroke,

thump,

clash, tripping,

a stumble, a kick, a stumbling block,

Thokar khana

To

trip, to

stumble, to meet with a loss

or misfortune.

lagna

To

Thola

marna
Thouk bajake

To

strike the foot against anything.

cup for the food and drink of a bird

in a cage, the knuckles.

strike with the knuckles.

After close examination, openly.

lena

To sound,

dena

To hammer, or drive down, to knock.

To knock, to hammer, to drive (as a stake),

Thonkna

to try, to

to thrust with
beat,

Thop

to

the

examine coin.

finger,

to drive, to

thump, to punish.

An ornament

at

the end of the

bamboo

of a palkl, head, topping.

Thopi

Box, thump.

Thopiyana

To
To

''''"P""

trickle.

support, to prop,

to heap.

to plaster, to pile,

257

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS.

Thor

Thora

A little,

balint

More

thora

or less.

little,

To

hona

small, scarce, seldom, some, less,

a few.

by degrees.

feel one's self small,

be ashamed,

to

to shrink with shame.

dinou se

Very

thora

se

Thorl

n,.

short time ago.

The

little.

1-

chin.

Thorhi
J

Mieu hath dena.

To chuck under

the

chin,

to

soften, to

flatter.

Thos

Solid.

Thosa

The thumb presented

Thuk

in token of denial

women).

(peculiar to
Spittle.

chatna
lagakar chhorna. ...

lagana

To break one's promise.

To treat with sovereign contempt.
To apply spittle. (A term of abuse and
most indecent meaning.)

Thukna
Thiikrana

Thumak

To spit.
To kick
The act

or strike with the toes.

of

waving or walking with a

graceful easy

"Chal

dignified

air.

pace,

stately

gait,

graceful

carriage.

Thumakna

To walk with

grace

and

stateliness,

to

walk with dignity.

low

Thnmka

Short, of

Thunikl

Lazy, the playing

kite to keep

it

stature.

or jerking of a paper

up when

Xhuni

post, pillar, column.

Tidda

grasshopper.
locust.

the

Tiddi

Tidhar

There, in that direction.

Tidhara

The name of

a plant

wind

is light.

(Enphorbla anti-

qnorum), the meeting of three streams.

Xifl

An

Tifl-i

Infancy.

Tighalna

To be

infant, a child, a

young animal.

melted, to rarefy.

17

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

258

TigUaua

To

Tisrnn

Tignna

melt, dissolve.

lone in music.

Three-fold.

Tiha'i

The

third part.

A third

Tibayat

person, a court of inquiry, three

or four persons by
arbitrated,

whom

any cause

Tihi

Empty,

Tihidast

Empty-handed, poor.

Tihldasti

Poverty, penury.

vain.

Tihi-dimagh

Ignorant.

TIj

The

third day of a lunar fortnight.

Tija

The

third day after

tion,

Mercantile, commercial, trade.

A
A

Tijarl

tertian fever or ague.

commentary, inoculation, a mark made

on the forehead by Hindns, an ornament

worn on

Tilak
I

offered.

traffic.

Commerce.

bahrl

-i

Tika

the death of a rela-

on which oblations are

Trade, commerce,

Tijarat

is

an arbitrator.

the forehead, the nuptial gifts

or engagement.

Tilak bhejna

To send

nuptial

the

gifts,

which

are

presented by the relations of the bride

to the bridegroom.

lena

Tikana

To

accept nuptial gifts.

To

retain, to

fix

in

any

place, to stop,

to billet, to lodge, to station.

Tikas
'

xaKa

Tika'o

Tax, house-tax, income-tax, duty,

toll.

Stability, residence.

Tikat

Stamp,
cliaspan

ticket, pass,

passport.

Paid, stamped.

Tikha

Pungent, angry, passionate, sharp, pene-

Tikharna

To

trating.

confirm,

argument,

to

prove,

to

question

to

establish
closely,

by
ask

searching questions, to plough three times.

Tiki
I

^..

small loaf of bread.

259

GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TERMS.

To form

Tikki lagana

a connection, to

make

to earn a scanty livelihood.

Tlkiya

small

for the

cake,

cake of charcoal

little

hnkka, a wafer, a holus.

A thick loaf of bread.

A wafer, a small round

Tikkar
Tikll

worn on the

To

Tikna

interest,

cake,

forehead.

remain in any

stop, to

an ornament

be

place, to

detained.

The seed of

Til

on the

sesamum, or name of

the

(Nesamnm

the plant

face,

orientale), a

moment,

an

mole

instant,

pupil of the eye.

ka

Sesamum

tel

tU

Little

Til

by

oil.
little.

young hen,

woman

(so

named

hill,

a hillock,

in

contempt).

TQa

rising ground, a small

a ridge.

Gold, gold fringe.

Tila

Gold

-baf-i

kar
kar-i

tissue.

gilder.

Gilding.

Tila

An

Tilak CsJ

The mark which Hindus make on

ointment, embrocation, a liniment.

their,

forehead, a commentary.

Tilak CpJ

gown.

One who wears

dhari

An

Tilanga

first

soldiers

in the

An

Ti-lara.

the tilak.

inhabitant of Tailang, in which the

were clothed and disciplined

European manner hence,

;

a soldier.

ornament of three strings worn round

the neck.

Tilawa

^t.

>

Tilawat

Talawat

TUa-yana

Meditation,

_,,.--

Tilismat)

reading

Knr'an, as an act of
Golden.

f^Z.

TUism
Tilsam

rounds, picket.
Niarht-watch,
ia
>

>

TUaya

talisman.

(particularly
religion).

the

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

260
Tilismat-i

Talismanic.

Tilla

The golden border of a turban.

-dan-i

housewife,

and

needles*

Timar

Care,

or small

bag

for holding

threat.

attention,

regimen

of

the

sick,

infirmity,sickness, indisposition,afflietion.

Tiinsal

Eesemblance, picture.

Timtain

Dressing.

Timtiin

sound.

Timtimahat

faint light, a twinkling.

Timtimana

To

Tln-panch

Three

give a faint light.

and

contension,

five,

dispute,

quarrel.

karna

To

quarrel.

Dispersed, scattered, ruined.

-terah

karna

To rout

or scatter to the winds, to dissipate.

Tinakna

To

Tinat

Nature, disposition, tenor.

nek

Good-natured.

Xinka
dantoii

flutter, palpitate, throb.

men

lena

straw, a bit of the stalk of grass.

To make submission,

confess inferiority,

ask for quarter.

na

To be robbed of

Tinke chnnne

{Lit. to pick

Tip

A note of

the smallest coin.

straws),

to

be intoxicated.

hand, a cheque, drawing a card,

raising the voice in singing.

lena

To draw

tap

Ornament.

a card.

Tipna

To

press, compress, squeeze, grope, feel.

TIr

An

arrow, the planet Mercury, the fourth

solar

month of

the

Persian year, cor-

responding to the Hindi Sawan, a beam,

an archer.
-andaz

An

-audaz-i

Archery.

baran

archer.

punishment in

wliich

the

shot with arrows.

chalana

To

shoot an arrow.

gar

maker of arrows.

gar-T

The manufacture of arrows.

culprit

is

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

TTr-kari

The piercing

khm-da

Wounded by an

partab

Within bow-shot.

y*i

An
An

i-nawak
Tiras

rpp^g

lagna

arrow.

archer.

arrow discharged through a tube.

^ ^^

*''"-*y-

bin

Tiriya

small-headed arrow.

Thirst, alarm, fear, terror.

ana

Tiri

body by an arrow.

of the

khaki

light,

261

Dispersed.

A woman,

ijipjyg

maid, female, wife.

"^*

The science ofwomen, knowledge of women.

eharitr

Female

"'y

Petticoat government.

T"'^"'

wiles.

three-pointed pike or spear

trident, a

that

(especially

borne

by Shiya, and

placed at the top to temples to the god).

Tirth

TTvatli

Pilgrimage, a sacred place, sacred water.

jatra

To go on

jatri

a pilgrimage.

pilgrim.

karna

To go on

r^*

The

a pilgrimage.

city of Ilahabad.

Tiryak

Treacle (in Hindustan, opium), an antidote

Tishna

Thirst, temptation.

to every disease.

lab

One whose

lips are

dried on account of

thirst.

Tisi

Flax.

Tita

Bitter, pungent, hot.

Tltar

Titar bitar

Scattered, out of order.

Tith

Titimba

Obstacle, impediment, stratagem.

Tiwari

Toh

Spying, watching, espionage.

partridge.

(V. Tiri biri).

lunar day.

sect

of

Brahmans

entitled

three Vedas.

lagana

To

trace, to find out.

to

read

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

262

Tok

Hindrance, prevention,

an

rok

the

influence

of

evil eye.

Hindrance, prevention.

tak
I

To

Tokna

to prevent, to challenge,

interrogate,

to envy, to

to look at with

accost,

an

evil eye.

A
A
A

Tokra
Tokri
Tol

large basket (without a

lid).

small basket (without a

lid).

company,

To dash one top

marua

hamlet.

society,

another- while

against

in motion.

Tol or taul

Weight, weighing.

Tanl-tal

Weighing and measuring.

Tola

denomination of weight, consisting of

number of mashas, which

tola,

or

121/2

mashas

Tolna

j
1

in

of

Calcutta

is

as follows:

Fanks..

Dhan

Dhan...

Ratti Gr. Tr. 1,79666

Kattl.

Masha

Tola

Mashas.

121/2

Tanlna

weight

sicca

varies

The standard

of India.

different parts

To weigh,

balance,

to

or Grain.

4,37333

179,6666.
confront

(as,

two

armies).

nazrou meii

To

Toman

estimate the

work of any one.

myriad, 10,000, a

to

are about one

third

the Greeks), a

sum

fifteen dollars

and a

which a kingdom

A
A

Top-i

wala

of

less

of

money

equal

than those of

money equal

half,

to

districts into

divided, each being

is

supposed to furnish

Top

sum

0,000 Arabic silver drachmas (which

0,000 fighting men.

hat, cap, helmet, thimble, bait, stitch.

hat.

One who wears

a hat, or an animal with

a comb, a term used to designate Persian,

Moghal, and European troops, and

still

applied to the latter and to Euro-

peans, generally in India.

GLOSSAHy OF INDIAN TERMS.

Top
andaz

A
A

263

cannon, gun.
cannonier.

-chalaua

-chhorna

daghna

To cannonade.

-lagana

marua
khana

park of artillery, the place where cannon

and

artillery stores are kept.

Topana

_ _

Tupana

I
'

Top-chI

To have

buried, to cause to cover.

conductor

of artillery,

commissary

of ordonnance.

Topna

To

Topra

Tor

The breach made by

bury, to cover.
fly,

a kind of pigeon.
a gun, the strength

of a current, whey.

dalna

To

break, destroy, pull down.

dena

To

break, spoil.

jor

Catting out

(as

by a

tailor),

arranging

a speech.

karna

To make

lena

To

phor

Breaking, plain speaking.

tar

Breaking and destroying.

Tor
Tor

a breach (as a ball).

gather, to pluck.

net thrown over a woman's palki.

'

Xora

A.

number of

containing

trays,

dishes of food,

various

presented to others by

great men, a nobleman, a minister, pride.

-bandi

The arrangement or sending out of trays

of food as presents.

posh

Xora

covering for dishes.

Scarcity, want, a purse, a

one thousand
.

rupees,

bag containing

the

match of a

gun, a bank, bar, an island, a ploughshare,

piece

of rope,

an

ornament

like a chain.

Xor5

ledge, projecting

ofC rain,

eaves.

from a wall

to

keep

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

264
Tore-dar

Tori

Mustard

Tori

Tnra'i

matchlock.
seed,

up

till,

The name of

to.

vegetable,

kind

of

cucumber. (Cacnmis acntangnlns).

Tori

The name of a musical mode or

Torna

(dam

To break, to change (as, coin).

To be at the point of death.

(roti

To

eat the bread of idleness.

(To break and

Torna jorna

ragini.

to join) expresses absolute

power over anything.

Tosha

Provision

of a traveller, or

(particularly

that which

with the funeral

carried

is

deceased person,

of a

support him

to

during his journey to the other world).

khana

wardrobe,

place

where furniture

is

kept.

Tota

parrot, the cock of a gun.

chasm

Parrot-eyed, faithless as a parrot.

palna

To nurse a
To prattle,

sa bolna

sore, to conceal a foul disease.

talk sweetly.

Tota

Loss, deficiency, a cartridge, a candle's end.

Totka

Totla

Lisper, stutterer, stammerer.

Totlana

Tutlana

charm, an amulet, a philter.

imperfectly.

P' ^ ^"^

Mercy

Trah, trahi
or trahi kar

or

karna ....

save

Calling out for deliverance or mercy.

To complain,

to

repent of a sin, to cry

out for mercy.

Tran

Safety, a coat of. mail.

karna

To

karta

free,

to protect.

saviour, a deliverer

Treta

The name of the second Hindu jug, the

Tri-beai

{Lit.

silverage.

three tresses),

sacred

rivers,

the conflux of three

especially

Ganges, Jamnna, and

wati

underground,

at

that

of

the

supposed SarasIlahabad

(the

ancient Prag).

Tribhanga

Standing awry, an epithet of Krishna.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERiMS.

Ti'ibhauga-1

Name

Tribhuwan

The

265

of a species of partical measure.

three worlds,

heaven, earth, and

viz.,

the infernal regions, the universe.

ujagar

Splendour of the three worlds.

Trilochau

Having, three eyes, an epithet of Shiva.

Tri-iiiurti

Trinity, the three principal

Trin

Grass.

Tripauliya

Tirpauliya
ra

Hindu

deities.

building with three doors or arches.

Tripund

Three marks made

across

forehead

the

as a religious sign.

Trishna

Thirst, desire, avarice.

Trlya

(V. tiriya).

Tii'ar

A.

Tiiba

The name of

kind of pulse (Cytisus cajau).

fruit

tree

said

is

paradise,

in

most

be

to

whose

delicious,

excellent, sweet.

Tnbhak

The sound of water dropping, sound of

Tuchh

Void,

gargling.

empty,

contemptible,

despicable,

worthless.

Tnchha

rake, a blackguard.

Tnda or toda

mound, heap,

butt or mark at

stack,

which arrows are

shot.

band!

Marking of boundaries.

e-tnfan

Accusing, charging with crime, a calumniator.

Tnfail

parasite, glutton,

through the agency

An

Tnf an

an uninvited guest,
of.

inundation or deluge, a storm, tem-

pest, hurricane.

ana

To blow

a hurricane, to

come on

(a

deluge

or flood).

jorna

To blame,

khara karna

To

-tiraz-I

nthana

to censure.

slander.

Deluge-making, a quarrelsome person.

To make

a great noise.

Tnfang

Tuf an-I

Quarrelsome, boisterous.

musket (properly any tube through

which a thing

is

blown).

GLOSSAEY OP INDIAN TERMS.

266

Tuf ullyat

Infancy, childhood.

Tughyan

Eebellion, sedition, perverseness, insolence.

Excess, overflowing, inundation.

^-1

Tuhf a

curiosity, a present,

rare,

excellent, admirable, nice,

tiful,

wonderful, odd, singular.

Excellence, rarity, beauty.

-gi

i'^^^P^A
tahaif

uncommon,

choice, beau-

Presents.

Tuhmat

Suspicion, accusation,
a

suspicion

crime,

charging one with

calumny,

of guilt,

slander, aspersion.

Tuhmat dena

r.,

To

lagana

slander, calumniate.

Tnhmat-i

Suspicious, ignominious.

Tnhmtan

Brave,

an

of

epithet

Rustam

in

tlie

Shahnama.

Tuhr

Purification, purity, cleanliness.

Tnjjar

PI.

of tajir,

merchant,

used in the

singular in Hindustan,

Tuk
Tuk

One
I

Tnka

j
|

Tuklim

line of a

piece,

-i-balangn

")

i-kahu

bit,

an

Seeds, which

when

infused, yield a cooling

drink.

Seed of lettuce.
Linseed.

-i-kaian

Scattering seed, sowing.

-rezi

Tukhma

Indigestion.

Tukka

A
A

Tukma

of arrow

sort

small

hill,

blunt

at the

an eminence.

button, loop, eye-loop.

To open

e-jaib-kholua

the purse.

'^

Low-bred.
f

i-raihan

,1

a particle,

atom, a single beat of a drum.

Seed, an egg, sperm, a testicle.

i-bad

Tukra

poem, a rhyme, a moment.

little,

Tukra or Tukra purza

piece, bit, portion, division.

Scraps, clippings, shavings.

Tukr-gada

Tukre tukre

Piecemeal, in pieces.

beggar for a scrap.

end,

267

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Tukre tukre karua......

To

Tukur tnkur dekhna ....

To

Tul

Resembling.

Tul

Alike, like.

baithna

To be weighed

cut to pieces, smash, break, to parcel out.

gaze.

stare,

valuable things,

against

which are given in alms,

to

sit

evenly

in a boat.

To

rahna

stand front to

opposed, ready

front,

for battle.

Length,

Tul

prolixity,

long,

tall,

extensive,

lasting long.

dena.

To lengthen

i-liarf

out.

i-kalam

i-sakhau

Prolixity, length of discourse,

pakarna

To be prolonged.

tawil

Lasting long.

Tula

balance

or

scale,

the

many words.

Libra of

sign

the zodiac, the practice of being weighed

against

gold

or

substance which

any kind of valuable

is

afterwards given to

the priests.

Tnlawa ftj

An advanced

guard,

patrol

or recon-

noitring party, a forlorn hope.

Tulawa

C^i.)

Part of a Hindustani carriage which rests

on the axle-tree arm and supports the

body of the

carriage.

To be weighed
The name of a

Tulna
Tulsi

or balanced.
plant (worshipped by the

Hindus, and cultivated by the priest of

the

temples)

(ocymum sanctum). It is
was a nymph

said that Tulsi or Tnlasi

beloved by Krishna and by him turned

into this plant.

dana
rf j[ju

gold ornament.

Trifles,

an ornament, a frame

to perch on.

few

trifles,

an ornament.

tarn

-A.

dena

To push gently.
The price of carding.

Tuma'i

for pigeons

268

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Tnman

Brotlierhood, connexion, caste, bevy, crowd,

troop, squadron (prop, ten thousand).

baudhua

To

dar

The commander of a tnman.

collect a

body of troops.

The command of a tnman,

-dar-i

Tumana
Tnmar

To

cause to be carded.

book, volume,

an account book,

roll,

a story.

An

-navis

(Jam'i'

accountant.

The produce

or

of a

collection

land

recorded in Government books.

Thread made of carded coton, in oppo-

Tiimiya

made

sition to that

beaten (called

Tumna

To

card

or

been only

vi^hich has

Akra

ra'i).

(wool

separate

or

cotton)

with the finger, preparatory to combing,

Tnmtnrak

Magnificence, grandeur, pomp, ostentation.

Pompous,

-1

Name

Tnnn

ostentatious.

of a tree, the flower of the tree used

for dyeing a yellow colour (Cedrela toona).

Tunnk

Slight, weak, delicate, thin, efl^eminate.

Tniiak

hawass

Sensible.

hawass-i

Sense, sensibility.

-maya
mizaj
-1

Tnnil

Slight, or

weak

in substance.

Whimsical, captious, peevish,

fretful.

Weak-mindedness.
Active, quick, hot, spirited, sharp, severe,
acrid.

bona
klio

-mizaj

To be angry, to be displeased.
Warm, passionate, fretful.
Hot-headed, passionate.

raftar

Fast-going.

zaban

Eloquent, talking rapidly.

Tnud
Tnndar or tnndnr

Thunder.

Tnnd-i

Fierceness, activity.

Tnpak or topak
Tnr

A
A

Tnrab

Earth, ground, dust.

Hand

or branch

that

musket.

mountain, Sinai.

has

been cut

off.

269

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Tarab-I

Earthen.

Turan

The country beyond

Tnrana

Toraua

To cause

money).

Tnrang

Turanj

A. citron,

the

Oxus from

Persia.

be broken or changed

to

(as

horse.
a

lemon, an ornamental tissue

or embroidered piece.

Turant

Instantly, quickly, directly.

Tarapna

To sew

Turb

A
A

Turbat
!.

Turk

in a particular

manner, to

stitch.

radish.

tomb, sepulchre.

Sepulchral.

tnrkan)

Cpl.

soldier, a

Mnsalman

which in

Persian

(properly, a Turk,

takes

many

other

meanings).

chashm

mizaj

Wicked,

sawar

horseman, cavalier.

rn

Turk-aii

eye.

depraved.

sly,

u woman.
Turkish

>

-1

murdering or captivating

Turkish, a kind of horse.

tamam

hn'i.

Spoilt, destroyed.

Inroad, depredation, attack, feigned anger

I

I
>

of a

lover,

walking affectedly or with

a tossing about of the body.

Turpan

kind of

Turpana

To

stitch,

Turra

An ornament worn

stitch.

darn, hem.
in the turban, a ringlet,

a curl.

dar

Crested.

lagaua

To be

vain.

Sour, harsh, ill-tempered, crabbed.

Tnrsh
-mizaj
-tab'

Yu

Sour-tempered, harsh.
I

Cynical, morose, surly, stern, hard-favoured,

ugly.

Tnrsha

Wild

Tnrsha'i

Sourness, harshness, acidity.

Turshana

To

Tursh-i

Sourness, acidity, harshness.

sorrel.

acidulate.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

270

Acid or flatulent

Tnrsh-i-badi

medical term).

(a

Tnrt
quickly,

Instantly,

Tnrta'o

directly,

presently,

immediately, fresh, new, recent,

late.

Tnrt phnrt
Tnsar

Ice,

snow,

frost,

fog,

blight,

crops that

ripen after the rains.

Tusi
Tiisi

Tut

bud.

kind of purple colour.

misunderstanding or

Fracture, breaking,
coolness

between

passage

deficiency,

harm,

friends,

omitted

loss,

in

the

writing of a book and afterwards written

in the margin.

To be broken,

Tut jana
parna

to

become

To break in upon,

to

iU,

rush

to pine.
in,

be

to

collected in crowds.

To be

ralina

distressed, weary, reduced to poverty,

to pine

Tut
Tuta

away, to be separated.

mulberry.

Broken, decayed, deficiency, scarcity.

phnta

Fragments, broken to pieces.

parna

To
To

uthana

incur or suffer a loss, to lose, to

suffer

make
Tfiti

TStiya

Blue

T^tnii

To

loss,

sustain

fail.

damages,

to

restitution.

parrot.
vitriol.

break, to be broken, to

fail,

to break

forth upon, to assault, to be helpless.

TSz

The ornaments or embellishments of

bow, a saddle.

Tuzuk

Eetinue, pomp.
o ihtisham

Tyag

Great

pomp and

glory.

Abdication, abandonment.

dena
,

Kama
patr

To

leave,
bill

to

abandon, desert.

of divorcement.

Tyag-i

Leaving, relinquishing, abandoning.

Tyagna

To

leave,

abandon, desert, forsake, quit,

abdicate.

TyondhS

Dim-sighted, purblind.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

271

u.
Ubal

Boiling;, passion, rage, explosion.

Ubal chalna

To

Ubalna

boil over, run over, fall over.

Ubana

To boil,
To sow,

Ubarna

To

to boil up.

to plant.
to economize, to

set at liberty,

keep

in reserve.

To be

XJbarna

set at liberty, to

remain over and

above, to exceed.

Ubasna

To

Ubh

Oppressing

putrefy.

rot,

languor occasioned by

heat,

heat.

Ubhar

prominence,

Swelling,

acquiring fulness,

plumpness.

To

Cbharna

swell,

to

rise

up,

overflow,

to

to

unlade a cart or boat.

Ubharna

To

excite, raise up, persuade.

Ubharna

To

take away, to steal.

Ubhna

To be
to

or

agitated

be angry or

oppressed with heat,

dissatisfied.

TJbhra

Unladen

Ubhrana

To

Ubka'i

Nausea.

TJblana

To
To

cause to rot or spoil or become sticky.

composition

Ubsana
Ilbtan

(as a cart or boat).

a vessel

fill

till

it

run over.

cause to boil by another, to boil over.

Ubti

Uptan

used

Uptana

lo

of

flour

and

perfumes

rub the body.

'

To rub with ubtan.

malna
'Ubaid

'Ubndiyat

Servitude, devotion, subjection, reverence.

servant, slave, a devotee.

Passing, crossing (a river), a ford or pass.

<Ubur
i

darya

karna

shor ....

Transportation beyond the seas.

To

Uchakka
pan

cross a river.
thief,

pickpocket.

Theft, sharp practice.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

272

Uchakkl

Uchakna

To

female

pickpocket.

thief,

to

rise,

be raised or

up,

lifted

to

bound.

leap,

Uchalna

To

separate, to be separated.

TJchana

To

lift

Uchat

Separated, broken

up

a burden.
off,

alienated, estranged,

displeased.

To be

Uchat hona

Uchat-i (f.)

_
Uchehatan [m.)

\
\

mu
The

be

to

tired,

broken

disgusted,

be

to

(sleep).

<
.
f
J
1
act of vexing or rendering sorrowiul.

To

Uchatna

to

to

wall),

separated (as plaster

be

separate, to

from

be broken or interrupted

Uchatna

(Caus. of nchatna).

Uchhalna

To throw

Uchchar

up a thing

toss

to

(sleep).

(as

in the hand.

it

^^
Pronunciation, utterance.

Uchcharan

up,

and catch

ball)

rebound,

slide,

slip,

\
J

To pronounce,

Uchcharna

speak

to

out,

to

utter,

articulate, express.

Uchchhah

Joy, gladness.

Uchchhist

Food

Uchchn hona

To be

crumbs, fragments,

left or rejected,

leavings.

nearly choked in the act of swal-

lowing, to go

Uchelna

Uchhalna

...

To
To

down

Uchhlana

To

Uchit

Proper,

Uchkana

To

An

wrong way.

leap, or bound, to spring

ter in a fountain),

Ud

the

separate one thing from another.

up

order another to throw

lift

fit,

up

(as

wa-

to spring or fly up.

anything.

suitable.

or raise up.

otter.

hilao

Wood,

'Ud

timber,

staff,

stick,

the

wood

of aloes, a lute or harp.

soz

An utensil to burn wood

gum benzoin.

Uda

Brown, of a brown colour,

Udaharau

An

of aloes in, or

purple colour.

example, simile, comparison.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

273

Udilhat
,_

Udapau

Brownness, blue-red colour, purple

colour.
'^

'

'

The

TJdai

rising of the

sun or of any of the

heavenly bodies.

From sunrise
To rise (the

ast

hona

to sunset, from east to west.

sun, &c.).

Udar

The

Udar

Liberal, generous, munificent.

belly.

Liberality, generosity, munificence.

-ta

Unsettledness,

"Udas

unsettled,

retiredness,

dejected, sorrowful, sad.

Solitude,

dejection,

sadness,

loneliness,

unsettled, solitary, lonely, a class of fakirs.

To be clouded with sorrow,

chhana

to

become

dull.

Uddim, udyaiu

Strenuous and continued

TJdham

Noise, disturbance, impudence, rebellion.

effort, exertion,

endeavour, calling, employment, trade.

To make a great noise.

Making noise, impudent,

jotua
IJdham-I
I

Ud-dliar

Credit, loan, rescue, deliverance, salvation.

...

'

'

rebellious.

'

To

dena

lend or give on

credit,

to

put out

at interest, to owe.

To live on
To borrow

khana
lena

credit.

or

buy on

credit.

Udharna

To

Udliarna

To be

Udherma

To undo,

Udhra

Opened, undone, unrolled, stripped

Xjait

Risen

liberate, to discharge.

unrolled, untwisted, unravelled or

unwound,

to

be opened.

unravel, strip

the

(as

ofl'.

distinguished,

sun),

off.

con-

spicuous for valour.

'Udnl

Declining,

receding, deserting,

refusing,

returning, deviation, refusal, disobedience.

One who

hukm
i

karna

To

is

disobedient.

disobey orders,

to deviate from, dis-

obey, refuse.

Udya-pan

XJf

Fie

karna

To

religious ceremony.
!

poh

for

disapprove

shame
of,

alas

to lament.

18

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

274
TJf

na karua

Ufk
(fl.

afSk).

To hold one's tongue.

The horizon, a tract,

or

region of the-

earth, Cpoei.J, the world.

Fallen, lying, waste.

Uftada-gl

Palling, fallen state, humility.

Uftan o khezan

Now

falling,

now

rising,

hardly,

witlv

difficulty.

of lending

Usury, the trade

Ugahi

which

Ugahna

To

XJgal

Betel

is

money on

the payment

interest of one fourth,

of

received by instalments.

gather, collect, accumulate.

or

leaf,

other thing,

when chewed

and spitted out.

-dan

spittoon.

Ugaln^

To

spit out, to refund stolen property.

llgana

To

cause to grow.

UghSri

Uncovered, naked, bare.

Ugharna

To uncover,

Ugharna

To be
pulled

discover, unveil, open, pull ofll

uncovered,

discovered,

opened,.

oif.

Ugua

To grow, be produced,

(Ugte hi jal jana)

To be withered immediately on springing

up (is applied to a hope or expectation

rise (as the

moon),

nipped in the bud).

V commission, an obligation, agreement^

'Ulida

business, oflBce, post.

bar-a

Having performed an agreement or com-

bar-a-i

Completionofanagreementorundertaking.

dar

Intrusted

pleted an undertaking.

with

business,

holding a commission, an

employed,

officer.

Ujadd

Inconsiderate, rash, ignorant, clownish.

Ujagar

Splendour, brightness.

Ujala
.-,-

-,

,
I

bona
TJjalna

To be lighted,
To cleanse, to

Ujar

Desolate,

to

become

polish

ruined,

abandoned.

light.

light.

(metals or Jewell).

demolished,

deserted,

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

275

TJjarna

To become

Ujarna

To

Ujarn

Squandering, wasteful.

Ujarwana

To

desolate.

lay waste, desolate, injure.

waste by

lay

hands of another

the

person.

Ujjain

once celebrated

the

city,

capital

of

king Tikramaditya.
Ujjal) uJalS

Clear, shining, bright, white.

mnnh bona

To

kapra

Clean, white clothes.

bona

To

-pan

good name.

clear one's

shine, to be light, to be clean.

Whiteness, brightness.

Ujlana

To

TJjlat

Rapidity.

Ujra pnjra

In ruins, desolate.

njrat

Eeward, wages,

Ujriya

Moonlight.

Uk

Error, slip.

'Ukab

An

Ukasua

To be

cause to cleanse, polish.

hire.

eagle.

excited,

to

be moved, to try to

move.

Ukat

Contrivances, invention.

lena

Ukatna

._.

To
To

discover, to iind out.

call

names, to dig up slowly a thing

buried in the ground, to artfully extract

a secret, to

pump.

Sugar-cane (Saccharum offlciuarnm).

tjkh

Ukhar lena
pachhar

bring over, buy

pukharna

up, plucked up, raised up.

To

be plucked or rooted up.

To

root up, eradicate, break or pluck up.

IJkhrana

A wooden mortar.
To pluck up, eradicate.

XJkrii

The posture of

XJkhli

entice away.

off,

Back-biting, evil speaking, slander.

To be rooted

Ukharna
Ukharna

To

the
this,

soles

sitting

on the hams with

of the feet

and with

tlie

on the ground^

legs crossed under-

neath the body, are the

common

sitting

postures with natives of the East.

Uksana

To

raise,

to give a light

motion.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEBMS.

i^76

To

IJktana

to

fret,

be melanclioly or dejected,

to be out of

hnmour

with, to be tired

to tire.

of,

Ulak

Ulalna

To

'TJlama Cpl. of 'alim) ....

The

learned.

Illatna

To

pervert,

kind of small boat.

overset, to lay over to

side.

thwart,

subvert,

overturn, reply,

one

reverse,

be reversed, turned

to

over or turned back, to return.

Higgledy piggledy, topsy, turvy, confu-

Ulat pnlat

sion, interchange.

Friendship, familiarity, intimacy, society,

XJlfat

affection, attachment, kindness.

karna

To be

friendly, to be intimate.

TJlfat-i

Friendly, affectionate.

riichna

To throw up

water.

TJljhan
]

Entanglement, complication, perplexity.

Uljhana

To

entangle, to embroil.

XJllfi

An

owl, a stupid fellow, blockhead, fool.

pan

Stupidity, folly.

Keverse, opposite, contrary.

TJlta

dhara bandhua ....

To bring

jawab

parda

The cut of an angarkha

a cross suit or counter action.

crooked or impudent answer.

side as

to the left

hand

worn by Hindns, theMusalmans

wear theirs to the right.

phirua

To

tawa

Very

mala pherua

To count

pulta

Topsy turvy, higgledy piggledy.

UltanS

return.

To

black.

one's beads backwards.

overturn,

overset,

pervert,

thwart,

reverse.

pultaua
ijlu

To

reverse, to modify, to interchange.

^^

I'ii'l

of

grass

used

in

thatching

(Saccharniii cylindricum).

Stipend,

<Ulnfa

salary,

daily

money.
^1"'''^^'^*
!

Ilahiyat

The

divinity,

god-head.

pay,

subsistence

GLOSSARY
'TJlum

of 'ilm)

(pi.

Oi<'

INDIAN TERMS.

277

Sciences.

i-iiiaglirabi

European

i-mastaraki

Oriental sciences or arts.

i-murawwaja

Modem

o-fnunn.

Arts and sciences.

Umadna

To

sciences.

sciences.

overflow,

increase

to

or be

fall

(as tears), to

poured out

swell,

(as a river,

clouds, an army, the heart).

Umaug

Excessive joy, transport, ambition.

i

Aspiring, ambitious.

To

iia

Umara

of amir)..

(pi.

greatly rejoice.

Nobles, grandees, a noble (generally).-

'Umda

Great,
pillar,

noble,

grandee,

support,

a prop, confidence, reliance, trust.

Umi

An

Ummat

People, sect, a people of the same religion.

ear of corn half ripe.

A believer

-i- ...

in, or

follower of any religion,

depth, profundity.

Ummed

|
I

'

Umlald

Umined dena

trust,

dependence.

give or inspire hope, promise.

Hope and fear, suspense.

To hope, expect.
To be pregnant.

rakhua

hona

se

expectation,

^^" ^^"'^-^ pregnancy.

To

Mm

Hope,

war

Hopeful, an expectant, a candidate.

hona

To hope

to be a candidate.

for,

Expectation, hope, dependence.

-i

Ummi

Not knowing how

educated,

to read or write, un-

illiterate,

unacquainted,

un-

known.
'Urar.

Age, lifetime, period of

bhar

All the lifetime.

daraz hona

katna

To be old.
The cup of life.
To pass one's life.

patta

rasida

One advanced

ka paimana

'Umud
_
'Amnd

...

A^

life.

lease for life.

in years, one superannuated.

V
r
t
^
perpendicular
(in geometry).
^

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

278

'Umuk

Umnr

Depth, profundity.
(pi.

of amr)

Things,

affairs, business, matters, actions,

commands.

Un

Wool.

Una

Uncha

kind of sword, scimitar.

High,

above, steep, loud.

tall,

bol bolna

To speak with

kan-i

Deafness.

sunna

To be hard of

pride.

hearing.

Height, elevation, steepness.

TJncha-i

To

Unchana
IJnche bol ka

mnnh

nicha

sur se gana
TJnch-nich

to take up.

raise,

The proud ones

are degraded.

To sing in a high key.

Ups and downs of life,
and low, particulars

vicissitude, high

every

detail,

un-

evenness, inequality.

sochna

To consider

well,

to

debate,

balance,

hesitate.

To pour

Undelna

(out water, &c.).

finger, a finger's breadth.

Nodding, sleepiness.

Ungli

Unghas

Drowsiness, sleepiness, nodding, drooping.

Ungha'-i

To

TJnghna

nod

from

sleepiness,

to

doze,

to

droop.
TJngll chatkaua

par machana

nthana
-^

nthna

To crack one's fingers.

To make a jest of.
To point one's finger at.
To become notorious, (in

a bad sense).

Woolen.

Un-T

The jujube

'TJnnab

Of

^1

fruit.

the colour of the jujube, red like the

jujube.
TJtts

Society, companionship, friendship, love,

'Unsul or 'nusal

'Uusur or 'uusar

Origin, element.

affection.

^ITiisur-i

TJnt

or 'imsar-i

squill.

Elementary, original.

camel.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Name

Tint katara

279

of a thistle of which

camels are

fond (Echlnops ecMiiatns).

nl

^Unwan

she-camel.

The ornamented
that

title-page

whereby anything

of

is

book,

known,

or

understood, mode, manner.

Upa

Near, by, by the side

Shastr

....

of,

with, secondary to.

Sciences connected with or derived from

the Shastr.

Ved

The Pnrans.

Upaban

grove, an artificially

planted

wood

or

garden.

Upach

Produce, variation, invention.

Upa-des

Advice, counsel, exhortation, admonition,

instructiou.

An

-i

Upadh

adviser, a monitor.

Violence, injury, injustice, tyranny.

Violent, unjust.

-i

Expedient,

tfpa'e

plan,

preparation,

contrivance,

scheme,

remedy,

method,

redress,

means.

karna

...

To

plan, devise, contrive, provide against.

Besorting to expedients,

XJpa'i

contriving,

re-

medying, contriver.
jjpaj

The burthen of

Upajit

Produced, propagated.

Upajna

To spring up,

Upar

Above,

a song, the chorus, vari-

ations in music.

on,

to grow,

up,

upon,

to be produced.

upwards,

over,

outside, past.

ana

To come up,

hi

Apart, alone, on the surface.

ka kam

Miscellaneous duties, odd services.

tale

Successively, one over the other.

wala

The moon.

wallan

Fairies, evil spirits.

rise,

emerge.

Uparjan

Earning, acquirement.

Uparjit

Acquired.

Uparna

To

Upas

root up, to extirpate, to eradicate.

fast,

fasting.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

280
Upas-a

Hungry, one who

Upasaua

Upbanua

To reverence, to worship.
To become musty, to rot.
To boil over.

Upjana

To produce, make

TJpja'u

Fertile.

llpasna

Upkar

or npa-kar

fasts.

to

grow,

cultivate.

Assistance, benefit, kindness, favour.

Upkarrl or npa-kar-i ....

Assisting, helping, beneficent.

TJpla or upli

Cakes of dried cow-dung (used for

Uprala karna

To

Uprawari
ITptan

Quarrelsome, wrangling.
f

Uptana

malna

A composition

of perfumes and flour used

rub the body with.

to

To apply, to rub.
The breast, bosom.

Ur

fuel),

take one's parts to protect, to stickle for.

To embrace.

lana

Ura

Dearth, scarcity.

Uran

Act of

Urana

To cause

flying.
to

fly,

to

squander or spend

extravagantly, to entice.

pnrana

To squander.

Uranghai

Imposition,

To

batana

artifice,

trick,

Urdabegni

A
A

Urddh

High, on high, above.

TJra'u

a bahn

stratagem.

mislead, deceive.
spendthrift, an extravagant person.

female armed attendant in the harem,

With arms

aloft or raised

up

(a

posture

of Jogis).

rrdb
Urdu

V kind of vetch.

An

army, a camp, a market.

The

i-inu'alla

royal

camp

or army, a term applied

to the city of Dihli or 8hahjabiinabad>

i-iun"alla ki zaban

The court language, which

the

at first,

Mubanimadans invaded

when

was
composed mainly of Persian and Arabic
words but, in course of time, the lanIndia,

guage became mixed with that of the

conquered country, and fashioned into

what

is

or the

called

nrdu (rekhta) (mixed),

modern Hiudustilul.

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Known

*Urf

alias,

281

commonly

(by the name),

called,

proper, equitable, goodness, merit,

confession.

Urhaiya

Urhak karua

weaver or putter on of a dress.

To

seek

or

cry

an

for

absent

person

(applied to a child only).

Ui'hakna

To

Urhana

To cause

Urhangan

Anything placed under

overset.

its

clothe.

to

a vessel to prevent

upsetting, a prop, a support.

Urhna

To put on

Urna

To

'Urs

Oblations, offerings to a saint, a marriage

'IJrHj

Ascent, rising.

clothes.

fly.

feast.

Naked.

'Ui'yan

Nakedness.

-i

Usana

To w.innow.

Usanna

To

Usar

JBarren land.

boil.

Usara

Usarna

To remove, put out

Usarna

To

Usas

Breatli,

Usasna

To

Usevna

To throw out the water from

Uslub

Manner, mode, method, order, arrangement,

porch, portico, vestibule, a shed.

retreat, recede,

of place.

shrink from.

breathing, hope.

breathe.

boiled rice.

form.

Uslub-dar

Well-arranged, elegant.

'Usrat

Difficulty, distress.

Usta

Ustad

Teacher, preceptor, master.

Ustad-i

Teaching, instruction,

barber.

mastership,

skill,

masterly (as workmanship).

Ustura

Ustuwar

Firm,

razor.

strong,

resolute,

karna
TJstuwar-i

To

stable,

powerful,

brave,

solid.

strengthen, support.

Firmness,

stability,

constancy.

strength,

resolution,

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

282
TJsSl (pi. of asl)

wa

furn'

Hoots, causes, a musical

One who

TJt

mode or

Roots and branches, causes and

without

dies

an unmarried man,

tone.

effects.

leaving

issue,

(in Hindi), a stupid

person, blockhead, dunce.

Utakkarlais

Precipitate,

rash,

acting

without

con-

sideration.

TJtakna

To move,

Utau or nt-tan

Supine, lying on the back, shallow.

Utangan

Name

hop, jump, skip, caper.

of a river

near Go'aliar, name of

a plant.

Uta'ola

Snift, quick, speedy, precipitate, rash.

Uta'oli

Haste, speed, rashness, impatience.

TJtar

Descent.

charhao

Ascent and descent.

dena

To bring down,

hence,

to

disgrace,

to

dishonour.

Utara

an answer, cast

descent,

off

clothes,

disgrace, degradation, ransom, self-devotion, trip of a boat, a propitiatory offering.

ntarna
e

ka mal

To

spirit to the utara.

transfer the evil

Warehouse goods.

TJtaran

'Utarid

The planet Mercury,

Utarna

To

fragment.

descend,

to

quicksilver.

alight,,

to

subside,

decrease, to pass over, to go

off,

to decay,

become
Utarna

To

to

to

off, to fall

be freed from debt,

to

insipid, to fall in value or dignity.

cause

to

alight,

degrade, to take

to

off,

bring down, to

to tear

off,

cutoff,

or break off (a partion of anything), to

make

a return or recompence, to unload,

disembark, discharge (goods).

rtiire hil'e

Engaged with a desperate resolution

in

any enterprise, (metaphor from cavalry

dismounting to fight on foot).

Utarn hona

To embark, pursue,

rtlia baithi

Act of frequently rising up and

down, inconstancy.

''"5

To remove,

persecute, haunt.
sitting

abolish, abrogate, exterminate.

283

GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Utha lejana

To run away

Utha'i gira

Uthan

An

Uthan

Act of appearing.

Uthana

To

pilferer,

with, carry

off,

abduct.

purloiner, petty thief.

area or court.

lift

or raise

excite,

receive,

up,

support,
suffer,

take away, abolish,

bear,

carry,

remove,
debts

contract

exliibit,

or purchase on credit, expend.

Uthaug^au

TTthanna

Something

prop or support.

Uthau

apart

set

an offering

as

to

god or goddess.

Extravagant, profuse, a prodigal.

chulha

travelling

kitchen,

one

who

has

no

fixed abode or livelihood.

TJtU baith

Hestlessness, a kind of exercise.

TJth baithna

To

get up, arise,

wake up,

recover be made

khara.

To

bona

sit

up, revive,

straight.

stand up.

Uthe baithe

Standing

Uthla

Shallow, shelving.

Uthna

To

or

sifting

gradually,

slowly,

every moment.

rise up,

be raised,

spring up, to be

abolished.
TJtbi

The prime of

jawani

Utiran

Utpanu

youth.

To causae to lift or raise up, to remove.

Worn, cast off (clothes, jewels, &c.).

TJthwana

Produced,

profits,

proceeds, produce.

Ut-pat

A portent, phenomenon, violence, injustice,

Ut-patti

Birth, origin, creation, production.

Utran

injury.

fragment, anything taken off the body,

cast off clothes.

cause to pull or take down.

TJtrana

To

Uttam

Best, principal,

first.

karm

A-

good, excellent work.

pnrush

good, excellent man.

The

XJt-tar

north,

an answer, northern,

behind, superior, high.

ardb
UUnYg^

The

latter half.

Northward, northerly, northwind.

latter,

284

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Uttariiwan

Uttu

Plaits of cloth.

place to which fish throng.

gar

One who

karna

Uzak tnzak

To plait, to beat
Pomp, splendour,

Uzl)ak

Name

plaits cloth.

severely.

the habits or fashions

of a king, the king's

of

Tartar

seal.

tribe

or

nation,

blockhead.

Eeiirement, retiring.

'Uzlat

-guzida

'Uzm

recluse, hermit.

Greatness, magnificence.

Excuse, apology.

'Uzr
baki na rakhna ....

To have no

An

-dar

objection.

objector, a claimant.

Statement of objections, a cross demand.

dar-i

-i-'amm

general plea.

i-beja

weak or bad

i-farcl)

jjlea

A
A

plea urged for the defence.

-i-ghalati

i-mndda'a 'alaihi ...

plea,

an improper objection.

of fraud.

plea of error.

i-wirasat

A
A
A
A

karna

To -apologize,

ke kabU

Excusable, objectionable.

khwah

An
An

apologist.

kliwanl

pesh karna

To

plead, object, take exception to.

.pizir

Excusable, admissible.

-i-nabalighi
i-kaniin

i-kawl

taslTni

karna

plea of minority.
plea in law, a legal objection.
valid objection.

plea of heirship.
to ask pardon.

apology, excuse.

To admit an

objection.

V.
The Persian

letter

waw, and

the Sanscrit letter

va have sometimes

the sound of the English letter V.

Vadh

or

badh

Killing, slaying, slaughter.

Taidya or baid

Vaish or bais

AYaisyaorman

physician.
of the third of the fourth

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEKMS.

285

Hindii castes, whose profession is mercantile or agricultural, age.

Vaislmay or baislinay

Of

Vishnu, a worshipper

or relating to

of Vishnu.

Var

or bar

choice, boon, blessing,

good, a bride-

groom, an appointment.
Giver of a choice or

-da'i

blessiner.

Vasauii or hasna

Desire, inclination, choice.

Vastra or hastar

Cloth, clothes.

Ved or bed

The name

of the

rik,

saina,

vi2.,

four

Hindu

scriptures,

yajush, and

atharva,

certainty, faith.

The name of

Vedant or bedant

particular

Hindu

philo-

sophical system.

One who

Vedant-i or bedant-i

conversant with the bedant

is

system.

Vesya or beswa

Vidhan or bidhau

Common
He who

Vidhata or bidhata

prostitute.
practice, precept, direction.

has

predestined,

the

deity

statute, precept,

direc-

i.e.

Brahma.
VidhI or bidh

Rule, order, law,

tion,

of

Vidhu or bidhu
Vidya or

decree, manner,

mode, way, name

Brahma, providence.

The moon.

Mdya

Science, knowledge, intellect.

-dhar

sort of

demi-god or attendant in the

celestial courts.

Vidyarthi or bidyarthi..

Vidya-van or bidya-wan.

student.

Scientific, learned.

Vrik or brik

wolf.

Vrikha or brikh

bull,

Vriksha or briksh

tree.

Vrind or brind

demi-god.

Vyasa or byas

Name

Taurus (the sign of the zodiac).

of a

Muni

or saint,

who

is

esteemed

the collector and arranger of the Vedas,

and the author of the Mahabharat.

w.
"jYa

Open, again, back, with.

286

GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEllMS.

Bound,

Wa-basta

related, connected,

depending on,

an adherent, dependent.

-basta-gan

Connections, relations, adherents.

(pi.)

liona

To

becoine open, cheerful or relieved of

sorrow.

karna
manda
shndan

To open.
Tired, fatigued, remaining behind.

Expanding, opening.

Waba

Plague, pestilence.

To

pliailna

prevail (a plague).

An

Wabal

unhealthy climate or atmosphere, a

crime,

fault,

pest,

plague,

misfortune,

ruin, vexation, painful, vexations.

bona

To be

i-jan

Burdensome

A
A

Wa'da
Wa'da-khilaf

a plague to one.
to life.

promise, a vow.

person who does not keep his promise.

-khilafi

Breach of promise.

-talna

To evade

-wafS

Punctual, true to one's word.

To

karna

Wadad
,.,
Wadd

fulfil

promise or agreement.

one's promise, to keep faith.

Love, friendship.
^
'

Wadi

Wadi'at

valley.

Deposit, trust.
-i-hayat

Death, depositing one's

life.

Wadiid

Loving, an epithet of the deity.

Waf

Performing
faith,

begaua

promise,

of

Faithless.

-dar

Faithful, sincere.

-dar-I

Sincerity, fidelity.

parast

observation

sincerity, fidelity, sufficiency.

Faithful.

pesha

Faithful, practising

good

faith.

gi
Fidelity, sincerity.

Wafat

Death, decease.

Wafl

Sincere,
plentiful,

honourable,

numerous.

entire,

complete,

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

^aflr

Abundant,

287
much, many,

plentiful, copious,

opulent, ample.

Wafk

Wafr

Full, complete, entire,

sufficiency,concord,agreement,congruity.

numerous, copious,

abundant.

Wagha

War,

Waghaira

Et

Wah

Bravo

karna

wa

or

To

wah

tumult, clamour.

battle,

and so

csetera,
!

well done

forth.

excellent

alas

fy

applaud, clap hands.

Bravo

bravo

how

excellent

also

an

exclamation to denote surprise, concern,

sympathy, sorrow.

Walib

Giving, bestowing.

Wahdaniyat

Believing in the unity of the deiiy.

Wahdat

Unity, the being one.

Wahi

Divine revelation, inspiration.

ntarna

To be

Wall!

Weak,

revealed.
crazy,

ill-founded

(premises, ar-

gument, conclusion).
tabahi

Absurd, nonsense.

wahT
yat

Absurdities.

.-

Wahib
i-be-minnat

u-l-'ataya..

giver, liberal, generous,

Disinterestedly liberal (the deity).

The

Wahid

giver of all gifts (God).

Alone, unique, singular.

The nonpareil of

u-l-'asr

Wahid

the age.

One, sole, individual, single, singular.

shahid..

Wahim ....
Wahima

...

God

is

my

witness, giving, bestowing.

Thinking, imagining, being of opinion.

Imagination, fancy.

Wahla-

An

Wahm

Imagination,

attack.

conjucture,

idea,

opinion,

anxiety, apprehension.

Wahm-i
Wahsh

Imaginary, conjectural.

Wahshat

Fright, fear, dread,

wild beast.

desert, solitude,

savageness.

-angez

Frightful.

horror, loneliness, a

dreary place, wildness,

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEUMS.

288
Wahshat-asar

"

Impressing with horror

>

Aghast,

-zada

t
u^e ^
irightiul.

terrified.

Wild, savage, a wild beast.

Wahsh-i

Savage-like, rustic.

-yana

Wa'id

Threatening or predicting anything bad,

Wail

Calamity, reprisal, revenge.

promising anything good.

'.....

kash

Wairan or wiran

Wairan

Vindictive.

Desolated, laid waste, depopulated, ruined.

or wiran-a
-i

solitude, a desolated or desolate place.

destruction,

depopulation,

Desolation,

desert places.

Wa'iz

Waja'

Disease,

preacher.
pain,

complaint,

affliction,

mourning.

Rheumatism.

i-mafasil

Wajd

Ecstacy, rapture, excessive love, opulence,

"VVajh

Cause, reason, mode, manner, way,

discovering, procuring, finding.

face,

visage, appearance, semblance, (in Pers.

and Hind.) wages,

Mode

-i-hal

salary,

money.

of living, state of circumstances.

Wajha

Allowance, pension, salary.

Wajib

Necessary,

expedient,

proper,

worthy,

convenient, just, reasonable.

Cpl.

Wajibat)

Things necessary or expedient.

Wajib bona

To be

necessary, whorthy, proper.

u-l-ada

Necessary to be discharged (duties).

u-l-'arz

Pit to be represented.

katl

Deserving death.

t-taz'im

Worthy of

t-ta'zlr

Punishable.

1-wnjud

God (whose

Wajih

respect and attention.

existence

is

necessary).

Pine looking, conspicuous.

Waka'i'

(pi.

iiavis

_
-nigar
.

of waki'a*)..

News, events.

An

intelligencer.
"

nigar-i

Wakalat

Tlie office of an intelligencer.

Embassy, agency, deputation, attorneysbip.

GLOSSAlir OF INBIAN TEllMS.

Wakalat nama

Wakalatan

By

Wakf.

Standing, stopping,

power of

289

attorney.

delegation.

understanding, tran-

quillity, firmness, constancy,

permanency,

a legacy for pious uses, an

endowment

for public charity.

Wakfa

Delay,

choking,

stopping,

retarding,

respite, vacancy.

dena

To grant an

extension of time,

an ad-

journment.

Wakfiyat

The book

which

in

legacies

for

pious

uses are registered.

Waki'

Befalling, happening, occurring, arriving,

appearitig.

{'pi.

Waki'at)

Accidents, events, occurrences, intelligence.

men
Waki"a

In

fact, truly.

Event, intelligence, news, death.

navis

Wakif

An

intelligencer.

Acquainted, experienced, intelligent, know-

ing, learned, sensible.

i-hal

kar

Experienced, intelligent, a connoisseur.

-kar-i

Experience, intelligence, knowledge.

Wakif lyat

Experience, knowledge, intelligence.

Wakll

An

ambassador,

agent,

representative,

pleader, attorney, deputy.

i-mntlak

karna

To appoint an

kharcha

Fees of an attorney.

plenipotentiary,

with

full

])ignity,

"Wakr

vicegerent invested

powers.
attorney.

honour, character, mild, modest,

sedate.

Wakt

(pi.

ankat)

Time, season, opportunity, adversity.

ba-wakt

Erom time

be-wakt

In season or out of season, constantly.

dekhna

To

look out or wait for an opportunity.

gnziirna

To

kill time,

i-nazak

to time.

Critical, delicate,

hard times.

pass away the time.

katna

To

k5 paband

Punctual.

19

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS.

290

Wakt par
parna

At

the proper, exact time.

To

suffer misfortunes, to

be distressed.

Finding an opportunity.

-yab

Cin

compj, agent, keeper, man, inhabitant,

master, lord,

Wal
Wala

possessor,

inhabitant of Dilli:

(as

DUli-wala^

ghar-wala, master

house; hone-wala, be-

or keeper of a

coming, about to be ; naw-wala, boatman.

Wala

Exalted in dignity, sublime, high.

Of

-jail

exalted dignity.

Of high dignity.
High in rank or

kadr
shan

Walad

Wall

n-z-zina

dignity.

son, offspring.

A. son of a whore, an earthwonn.

prince,

lord,

master,

friend,

saint,

servant, a slave.

An

-'alid

locum tenens,

heir, a

vicegerent.

Heritage.

An

-khangar

ni'inat

assistant, protector.

title

of respect by which a father

is

addressed, patron, benefactor.

A
A

ain

Parents.

Walid

Walih

father.

mother.

mad

Distracted,

with

love,

stupefied,

astonished.

Walwala

Walwala

Howling,

lamenting,

tumult,

noise,

uproar, fervour, ardour, pining.

Wam

Debt, credit, lending, borrowing, colour.

Wa-pas

Behind,

afterward,

then,

again,

returning.

ana

To come

dena
na

To

return, restore, give

back.
"^

lena

To

take back.

milna

To
To

get back.

karr"
irna

rakliua

Wa-pas-in

War

back, to be returned.

(h.)

,
'

detain, retard.

Latter, last, hiudmost.

V

blow, wound.

back,

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Wiir

(s.)

(lay,

leisure,

291

delay, waiting, patience,

time, the near bank of a river, on this side.

Wara

Cheapness,

thrift,

victim,

cheap,

(in

compos.), doer, agent, like wala.

Wara'

Timidity, apprehension
fear of

God, temperance, continence.

Wa-rafta

Wandered,

Warak

lost.

leaf of a bopk, a card, a slice.

(lagh-i

Written paper.

daghi karua

To page a book.
To cut cards.

tarashna

An

u-l-khiyal

intoxicating drug

To page and

ntarna

Warak-i

Leaf-like.

Waram

To be

karna

To

War-par

(Cannabis sativa).

line a book.

swelling, tumour, inflated, enraged.

hona

Waran
Warapar

of doing wrong,

inilated,

enraged.

swell (any part of the body).

Offerings, oblations, sacrifices.

1

On

both

on

sides,

this

side

and

that,

through and through, bounds.

Wa-rasta

Delivered, saved.

Ward

rose, a

flower,

the

of a flower,

leaf

a petal.

Wardi

Ware
girua

Warghalana

An
On
To
To

!A
Wari

ofKcial uniform.
this side, near.
fall short.

deceive, inveigle, decoy.

termination

war,

War

the

denoting

place

where

place,
sati

as sati(q.v.)

burned; phul-wari, a flowergarden.

Warid

Coming, arriving, being present.

fpl. "WTiridat)

Events, ocurrences.

Warid hona

To

sadir

arrive, to

Wari-pheri-liona

To be

TflTaris

An
i

come.

Guests.

transported with joy.

heir, master, lord,

owner.

Heritage.

War-kharch

Profuse, prodigal, extravagant.

-^y^j.^^

To

Warrad

surround, to offer
gardener.

sacrifice.

is

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

292

War-rahna

To be

Warsa

Heritage, bequest.

Warta

victorious.

labyrinth,

embarrassment,

whirlpool,

any situation of danger and

Warzish

Abstinence, sobriety, custom,

difficulty.
liabit, gain,

labour, exertion, exercise.

To go through

karna

athletic exercises.

Wasalat

Mediation, channel, medium, means.

Wasat

The middle,
suitable,

middling,

centre,

just,

proper,

central,

excellent,

great,

magnificent.

Middling,

neither

long

nor

short

pro-

nunciation.

Was'at

Wns'at

Space,

extent,

means,

power,

leisure,

convenience, opportunity, ease.

Wasatat

Means, mediadon, medium.

Wasf

Praise,

encomium, merit,

virtue,

worth,

description, description of qualities.

karna

To

praise, describe.

rakhna

To

possess any good quality.

Wasi'

Extensive, large, spacious.

Was!

An

administrator of a

executor,

will, a

preceptor.

yat

and testament, precept, man-

last will

date,

making

a will.

IVasiyat-uama

Wasid.

The threshold of a house.

last will or testament.

Waslk

Firm, steady, strong, confident, binding,

Wasikat

Firmness,

obligatory.
solidity,

confidence,

faith,

bond, obligation, written agreement.

Waslla

Affinity,

propinquity,

cause,

conjecture,

support, prop, means of effecting anything,

patronage.
--diiir

-T

Wask

client,

dependent.

Clients hip, dependence.

Confidence, trusting in.

Wasl.

karna
Wasl-i

Meeting, union, conjunction.

To

unite, paste, conjoin, annex.

Copulative,

conjunctive,

paper or other

293

OLOSSAllV OF INDIAN TERMS.

material pasted together for the purpose

of practising writing on.

Wasma

The

leaves of

extract

woad or indigo (with an

from

which

the

natives

stain

their beards, cloth, &c.), a hairwash.

dar

Stained with vrasma.

-\wh\i

Wasmat

Dressed in cloths stained with wasma.

Reproach,

crime,

disgrace,

sin,

fault,

torpor, languor.

Wa-sokht

An

Wast

V. Wasat.

Wasta

Account, sake, cause, reason.

impassioned style in poetry.

fprop. Trasita, a mediator,

means, medium, motive).

Relation by Islood or marriage.

Wasta-dar
rakhiia

To bear upon,

On

Waste

account

of,

concern.
for the sake, in behalf.

Wasti

Waswas

The temptation of

reed of which pens are made.

of

mind,

doubt,

the devil, distraction

suspense,

apprehension, dread,
stition,

hesitation,

perplexity,

super-

scrupulousness.

Waswasa

Temptation,

Waswas-i

Doubtful,

evil

suggestion.

causing

suspense,

distracting,

apprehensive, scrupulous.

Watad

or watid

peg, pin.

Native country, country residence, abode,

^Vatan

home.
(iQSt

dushman

patriot, a friend to one's country.

traitor,

an enemy to one's country.

(hubb-i-watan)

Patriotism.

Watan-I

Belonging to one's country.

yY'atar

Wati

Kicking, treading under foot.

Watira

Wa

Lamentation, bewailing, alas

walla

karna

To

necessary thing, necessity, use.

path, way, manner, habit, custom.

wail, cry out,

make

a noise.

>Vaz

Open.

^ya'jj

Admonition, advice, exhortation, preaching,

sermon.

GLOSSAllY OV INDIAN TERMS.

29-4

^*'? ^^^""^
karna

To

preach.

Situation, state, condition, manner, mode,

y^nY}

procedure, position, conduct.

dar

Stylish, elegant.

i-hainl

Abortion, miscarriage.

karna

To

deduct, to subtract, to found.

founder.

yfa'A'

A.n inventor,

yynn'

Ignoble, base,
trust,

plebeian,

low,

a deposit,

anything committed to

the

earc

of another.
(Sliarif-o-waji')

Nobles and plebeians.

Wazifa

stipend,

pension,

salaiy,

stipulated

allowance, a daily performance or task,

anything agreed on, a daily lesson from

the Knran.

pensioner,

holder of a scholarship.

Evident, apparent, manifest, clear.

Wazih

Wazir

hona

To be known.

karna

To

(pi.

Wuzara.)

n-l-mamalik ....

explain.

minister of state.

The grand wazir.

Wazir-I

The

"jYazn

Weight, weighing, measure, metre, rhyme,

office

of a minister of state.

reputation, esteem, honour, examination.

karna

To weigh, measure.

raklina

To be weighty.

Wazn-I

Heavy, weighty.

IVazu

The ablution performed by Musaliuans

(prop, ivnzii).

before

prayer

and

consisting

in

first

washing the hands and inside the mouth,

then throwing

water

on the forehead,

afterwards washing the face, arms, and

karna

Wif ak

feet.

farewell, adieu, bidding farewell.

"R^ida'

To

bid farewell.

Concord, harmony,

good understanding,

unanimity.

Wika'

Attack in

Wlla

li'riendship,

battle,

sway.

engagement.

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEKMS.

Wiladat

Nativity,

Wilayat

An

birtli.

inhabited country dominion, district,

foreign

'295

master of

country,

possession,

being

anything,

friendship,

union

(especially with God), sanctity.

Foreign, European.

-1

'kkatt

Wiinan

A kind of Persian
A celestial car.

writing called nasta'lik.

{same as biman and bewan).

Wiran
an
"
ran
w aii*^

Desolated, laid waste, depopulated, ruined.

)

WIraa-a

Wirasat

Heritage.

solitude, a desolated or desolate place.

By way

au

Wird

of inheritance.

Daily use, practise, task.

karna

To

wazlfa i)arlina

To perform

repeat.

Wisal

Meeting,

Wisatat

V. wasatat.

society,

Wizr
Wizarat

one's daily tasks of devotion.

interview,

connection,

death,

confederacy.

crime, sin, fault, a burden, load, arms.

The dignity of

Tvazir, the office of prime

minister or grand vizir.

Wufur

multitude,

abundance,

plenty,

full,

comjDlete, copious.

Wujiib

Necessity, obligation.

TVnjud

Invention, existence,

ba

Notwithstanding.

essence,

substance,

body.

-jud

^""^^

liberal person.

PI. of

wajh

g.v.

Wujnhat
J

\Ynkn'

contingency, accident, event, occurrence,

the happening.

Understanding,

-^y^tiif

information,

sense,

ex-

perience, wisdom,

Wurud

dar

Experienced.

palda karna

To

get sense.

Arrival, coming, appearing, approaching,

descending, alighting.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

296
Wnsiil

Arrival, conjunction, acquisition or enjoy-

ment (of anything

desired).

karua

To
To

gei, receive, to be arrived.

pana

To

realize, to receive.

Wnzara

pi.

of wazir,

Wuzu

V. wajn.

Wiizuli

Evidence, proof.

liona

collect.

q.v.

Y.
Yab

(in

Tabanda

Yabn

A
A

Tachak

Tad

Memory,

recollection.

ana

To come

to

ash bakhaii*

An expression referring to an absent friend.

composj Finder, finding, getting.

finder,

finding.

pony.
beggar.

mind,

-awari

JRemembrance.

-bud

to recur.

keepsake.

dasht

memorandum.

dill

putter in mind.

dilana,

To remind.

faramosh

Name

gar

memorial, memento.

A
A

keepsake, token.

gar-i

Tad

of a game.

hand,

handle,

aid,

assistance,

power,^

vigour, benefit, service.

Yaft

Perquisite, earnings, profit, income, fees.

Yagan

Singly.

Kindred, single,

sole,

singular,

unique,

incomparable, agreed, unanimous.

gat

Singularity,

unity,

concord,

unanimity

conjunction, union.
gi

Singularity, excellence, concord, unamity.

-iyat

Yaglima

Yaghma
Yaghinan

Yagn

Solitariness, kindred.

Plunder, booty, spoil.

)

A kind of Hindu

sacrifice.

GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TEEMS.

Yahud
,^

_,.

Yahudi

297

Jew, a Hebrew.

'

Yahndiya

Judea.

Yajnj-inajuj

Gog and Magog.

Yak

One,

adh

a,

an.

few.

a-yak

Mr
All at OBce, immediately, once.

a
gi

yak
Successively,

all

at once.

-ba-yak

-baggha

-chand

Some

-chob-a

One-poled

-dast

Entire, uniform, even

-digar

One

horse pressing on one rein.

(a

time,

some time.

(clotli),

altogetlier.

little

tent).

another.

Of one

dil

some

little,

heart and mind.

-ka

Single, the ace at cards.

-kalam

Consistent (a writer),

total,

all,

at once,

entirely, altogether.

All at once, altogether.

-lakht

Single, solitary,

lauta

brother or

child (without

single

sister).

-loh-I

A sword

-inau-I

Unanimity, friendship.

.innuh

Talking consistently.

blade

made of one

piece of steel.

moslit
I

-math

mntthi

A handful,

once,

prompt payment.

'

One

nafas

all at

breathing, one

moment.

Going on the same road.

-rah

Of one

-rang
i

colour,

sincere, simple, uniform.

Sincerity, simplicity, uniformity.

Unanimous.

-rn
1

san

Unanimity, friendship.
Equal,

alike,

the

same,

conformable.

sar

AH

taraf

Aside.

at once, altogether.

level,

parallel,

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

298
than

Collected, assembled together.

Tak-a'i

Unit.

Yakh

Ice.

Takhni

Gravy, sauce, stew.

pnla'o

kind of pnla'o

Takin

dish of flesh and

(a

prepared with gravy.

rice),

Certainty, truth.

karua
lana

Takin-i

To
To

ascertain.

believe.

Certainty,

truth,

infallibility,

certain,

indisputable.

Tak-la'i

cloak

veil,

head

and

or

worn over

sheet,

shoulders,

of

one

the

breadth

without a seam.

Ta'knb

Jacob.

Takniu

Tlie first day of the month.

Taknt

ruby.

Of

or

relating

the

to

ruby,

name of

medicine.

Tal

horse's mace.

Yal

hero, a brave

man, corpulent, robust.

Yala phaila

Unconfined, extended, spread, at ease.

Yalda

The longest night of the

Yam

Season, time, weather.

Muharamadan

ni

The angel

Yaman
Yaman

dialect or words, night.

of death.

(li.)

Name

(i.)

Arabia Felix.

Yaman-i

year.

of a rag:im or musical mode.

Anything belonging

Arabia

to

Felix, a

cornelian.

Yamin

An

Yamln-o-yasar

The

Ya'ni

Videlicet,

Yar

oath, the right hand.

and

right

viz.,

left

wings of an army.

namely, to wit.

friend, a lover,

paramour, an assistant,

a companion.

bauanli

To make

banna

To be

-bash
basU-I

a friend of, to

friendly with.

Voluptuous, sensual.
Sensuality.

form a friendship.

GLOSSAUV OF INDIAN TEKMS.

A
A

Yar-i-ghiir

-i-wafadar

Yara

299

sincere friend.

name of

faithful friend,

a river.

Power, strength.
1

Might,

na

Priendl}', like a friend.

Yara

ability,

power.

broad bracelet,

power,

strengtli,

the

ship, necessity, tax,

Yarak.'

Arms, apparatus, a

An

Yarglia

Yarghamal

Yar-i

Friendship,

wound,

toll,

reyenue.

dart.

amble (pace of a

To amble, name of

clialana

wrist,

a shrewd man, friend-

horse).

a bird.

hostage.
assistance,

love,

also,

intri-

gining.

deua

To

-gai"

second, help, side with.

helper, an assistant.

Help, assistance.

-gar-i
Y'ai'ni

Yarkan

The

female friend.
yellow

jaundice.

(Tap-i-yarkan,

yellow fever).
Despair, fear, terror.

Yas
lioua

Yasar (a.)

To be despondent.
the

Left,

left

side,

plenty,

opulence,

affluence.

o-yamin

Hight and

(p.)

An

left

(dast-i-yasar) on the left

hand.

Yasar

Yasawal

Yashb

unlucky person.
captain of the guard.

xigate.

Yashin
J

Yasmin
Yasinin

,.

Jasmine.

Yatash-khana

Yatim

An
An

antichamber, hall of audience.

orphan, pupil, ward, a valuable jewel

(dnrr-i-yatim),

large

aud

pearl found only in the shell.

1

The

Yanin

state of

an orphan.

day.

an fa yauman

Day

u-1-hashr

The day

after day.

of resurrection.

precious

GLOSSAUY

300

INDIAN TEKMS.

OI'

Yauiuu-l-hisab

The day of judgment.

Yaumiya

Daily, the daily food.

Yawa

Absurd, vaiu,

To

bakna

talk

An

go

futile,

ruined.

lost,

nonsense.

absurd

talker.

Absurdity, talking nonsense, babble.

-go-i

An

Yawar

assistant,

coadjutor,

friend,

com-

panion.
Aid, friendship, favour.

Yazd

Name

Yazdau

God.
Divine.

A
Yoddhau

of a city in Persia, God.

hero, warrior, brave fellow.

,..,,
Pightmff,

battle.

Jodhau
I

Ynkt

Fit,

Yiinan

Ionia, Greece.

Grecian.

The Greeks.

-iyan

proper, project, contrivance, art.

YSnas

Jonah.

Ynrish

Assault, storm, invasion.

Yusnf

The

Yuva

patriarch Joseph.

loung.

>

JuTa
J

Yuz

Z.

Zabau

Znbau

Zabau-awar

Z.

Z.

panther.

Z.

Zh.

The tongue, language,

Eloquent, voluble.

-band karna

To hush,

silence.

barhana

To

chatter, prattle.

chalana

To

abuse.

To

detract in whispers.

dilbke

dabna
-rtalna

dialect,

flame (of a candle, &c.).

kahna

To hold

one's tongue.

To ask, to put a question.

speech

301

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

yabiin-dan

Skilled in language, a poet, a linguist.

daraz

Abusive.

Abuse.

-i

karnS
dena
_

To

give abuse.

To promise.

To

-hilaiia

karna

speak.

To speak foolishly
To interrupt.
To speak out.

katna.

kholua
larkharana

pakarna
-palatua

To stammer.
To stop one,
To

or inconsiderately.

to criticize.

equivocate,

to

retract,

to

cat

one's

words.

par lana

To

speak, to say, to mention.

par rakhna

To

taste.

SB uikalna

To pronounce,

se nikalna

To be

zad

Public, on men's tongues.

hona

utter, speak.

uttered.

To become

current, to pass into an idiom.

Zabana

Flame

-Zaban-T

l^ansuase, words of the mouth, traditional,

Zabar

Above, superior, the vowel point

(particularly of a candle).

verbal, by the tongue.

nounced

Violence, oppression.

karna

karna

To

karna

oppress, to force.

To have the upper hand.

To oppress.

Zabli

pro-

Vigorous, violent, oppressive.

dast
-dast-I

hona

(^)

a.

sacrifice, slaughter.

To

sacrifice,

for

food,

to slaughter, to kill animals

agreeably to

the

Muliamma-

dan law.
Zabi

Zablh

Sacrificed, a sacrifice.
u-l-lali

deer.

A name

of Isma"Il, the son of Ibrahim,

who, and not Isaac, (according to Musalniaus) was

his father.

offered

as

sacrifice

by

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS,

302

A
A

Zabih

ZaMt

sacrifioer, a butcher.

governor, master, possessor.

Omnipotent (God), lord of

u-l-kuU

Canon, ordinance, law,

ZSMta

all.

rule,

regulation.

Criminal procedure.

-i-faujdari

Civil procedure.

i-diwani

Government, direction,

Zabt

discipline,

regu-

lation, check, control, possession.

To

karna

take possession, to rule over, to watcli,

preserve, restrain, control.

Zabt-i

Eegulation, management.

Zabuu

Bad,

ill,

unlucky, wicked.

Vileness, wickedness.

The psalms of David.

Zabur

{in

composj Born, a son, a

man;

a man, born of

pari-zad,

born of an angel or

Zad, m.

Zada. m.

fairy, a

woman

beautiful

Zadi. /.

child.

admi-zad,

shah-zada, a prince;
1

i,

'

a princess.

Zada

Stricken, affected, smitten, arrayed (used

Zadau-i

Fit or deserving to be stricken, killed.

Zad-bniii

Native land, birth-place.

in compos.)

i-rah

Provisions of travelling,

Zad-o-kob

Beating.

Zaf

Sudden

Zafar

way

charges.

death.

Victory.
iiiand

Victorious.

mand>i

Victory.

Za'farau
Za'faran-i

Saffron.
'.

Of

saffron,

yellow

saflfron-coloured,

colour,

yellow,

surname sometimes

adopted by African and Portuguese Jews.

Zag
.

,
'

Zaj

-i-sufald

Copperas,

*^

vitriol.

'

Alum.

Zaghan

A
A

Zaghaud

Leapingorspringingup,

Zagh

crow.
kite.

sally, flight, levity.

GL0S6ART OF INDIAN

Zahab

Gold.

^S.hid

A
"^

(Persian

monk, hermit,
zealot

ipl.

30^

TEllMS.

recluse, zealot.

religious, devout.

zahidan).

Zahi or zihi

Excellent! bravo

?ahik

Satirist,

Zahil

Careless, forgetful.

mocker, name of a poet.

Zahin

Sagacious, ingenious.

Zahir

An

assistant,

name
Zahir

ally,

associate,

poetical

of a Persian poet of Faryab.

Eeduced by

sickness, thin, sad, melancholy,

low-spirited.

Zahir

Apparent,

open,

evident,

the

outside,

external, appearance.

External, apparent.

-i

men

Openly, in public.

Zahl

Forgetting, leaving, carelessly abandoning.

Zahinat

Disquietude, pain, trouble.

Zahmati

Afflicted, sick.

Zahr

Poison.

alnd

Poisoned.

-dar

Poisonous.

i-halahal

,,

Deadly poison.
-i-katil

khana

Msi par

To

take poison.

To

imitate

an

act

unsuitable

to

one's

state or condition, to ape.

lag'na

To be

muhra

An

hateful like poison.

antidote to

poison,

said

to

be the

bezoar.

Zahra

Bile, gall-bladder.

ab hona

To be much

distressed or terrified.

Lost,destroyed, perished, fruitless, abortive.

Za'i'

karna

To

to

lose,

destroy,

waste,

diminish,

squander, frustrate, misapply.

Za'icha

Horosope, astronomical

Zaid.

Increasing,

titious

adding,

table.

augmentation,

fic-

name.

Za'id

Eedundant, superfluous.

2alf

Hospitable, convivial, a stranger, a guest

304

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Weak,

^Za'If

infirm, impotent, emaciated, feebl

old.

frail,

Weakness, emaciation.

-I

2aigkam

Biting, a lion.

Za,'\k

Tasting.

Xa'ika

The sense of

the palate, relish,

tasting,

taste.

-shinas

Knowing
The

^ail

in taste.

garment,

skirt of a

tlie

train

of a

robe, the last, hinder, or supplementary

part

of anything,

in a

letter,

train,

retinue,

of particulars

sequel, a list

that

the

mentioned

which follows or

is

annexed, an appendix.
^ail-i

Connected, related.

kishtkar
7a'il

sub-cultivator.

Deficient, failing, perishing, vanishing.

Zain

Ornament, adorning.

/a'ir

/aitnn

An

/aj

V. zag.

Zak or zik

Injuring, deceiving, disappointing, injury,

visitant,

a pilgrim.

olive.

deception.

deua

nthana

Zaka

To put to shame.
To be ashamed, to

suffer loss.

Vivacity, acuteness of genius, penetration,

(znka, the sun).

Zakan

The

Zakat

Alms, a portion of a Mnsaliuan's property

chin,

the

beard

(chah-i-zakan),

dimple in the chin.

given in charity agreeably to the rules

laid

/akawat

down

in the Enr'an.

Brightness of genius, acuteness.

Zaka-wat

Probity, purity, ingenuity.

Zakha'ir

Victuiils,

Zakhainat

Thickness, bigness.

provisions, treasures, stores.

'Zakhkhar

Overflowing, raging (the sea).

Zakhm
i-kiiri

A
A

kliana

To be wounded.

wound,

sore,

scar,

mortal wound.

cut.

305

GLOSSAllY Of INDIAN TERMS.

To suppurate

/akhin pakna

To become

parna

-rasa

wound).

(a

a sore.

deep wound.

Zakhm-i

Wounded,

ZakI

Acute, ingenious,

Of

u-l-ma'I

slain.
fiery,

flaming.

a splendid genius.

Zaktim

Zal

Old, decrepid, grey-haired (man or woman),

thorny tree so called.

the

name of

the father of

Bustam, and

He

son of Sam, son of Nariman,

called

because

zal-i-zar,

he

was

was born

with while hair like that of an old man,

and a red (of golden hue) countenance.

_
Zalalat

Error, fault, vice, ruin, perdition.

\
|

Zalal

An

Zalal

Erring,

Zalal

Meanness, baseness,

Zalalat

Abjectness, obsequiousness.

Zalam

Darkness.

error.

blundering,

stumbling,

falling,

deficiency, loss.

The name of Potiphar's

wife.

Znlaikha
|

Zalll

Shady.

Zaia

Abject,

submissive,

mean,

contemptible,

base, wretched.

hona

karna

To be disgraced.
To debase.
-A-

Zalini
i

tyrant, tyrannical.

Tyranny, oppression.

2all

A prompt, ready,
An error, a vice.

2aU

Straying, a prevaricator.

Zalu

A. leech.

Zaluin

Gruel,

Zalzala

An

^a<in

Tliinking,opinion,pie3uming,presumption,

Xalk

most oppressive, tyrannical.

earthquake.

speaking from

Zamad

A.

an eloquent tongue.

bandage or

or a

belief,
fillet

for

vanity, arrogance.

binding the head

wound.
20

GLOSSABY OP INDIAN TERMS.

306

plur. of zamir, g.vl

Kaina'ir

Zaman

Zainana

dekhna

-Mnwaflk ........

karna
Zamauat.;

To

turn-coat, time-server.

To

tide.

turn with the tide, to temporize.

Bail, suretj'.

Security, bond.

Zamh

Cpl.

fortune, the-

get experience.

Zamanat-nSma
Zambak.

world,

I'ortunate.

Turning with the

saz-i

'

the

heavens, tense,

--sSz

an age,

Time,

zannb.)

crime, sin, fault.

Name

lily

of a flower,
or an

the

white jasmine, a

iris.

A basket, purse, wallet.

A hornet, bee, a vice, nippers, forceps.
A hornet, large bee, the point of a musical

Zambil

Zambnr
Zambnra

instrument called

in Hindi EingrI

(a

sort of fiddle), a small gun.

Zambnrak

small gun.

Zambnr-chi

fusileer.

Zambarlr

Cold, intense cold.

-1

Intensely cold.

Zamiina

Addition, thingincorporated.incorporationr

Zamiu

an appendix, supplement, extra.

surety, sponsor, security, bail.

dena

To

bona

To become

Surety, bail.

give a surety.
bail, to guarantee,

engage for

another.

kabal karna

Zamiu

To admit as bail.
The earth, ground,

soil,

a region, country,-

the ground of a picture.

-bos
--dar

bona

To make

a profound

A landlord,
to the

bow.

one who holds ground subject

payment of the Government

nue. (Practically, the Indian

reve-

Government

are the owners Or landlords of the soil,

and they can confiscate the

such

zamindars,

revenue).

who

fail

estates

to

pay

of
the-

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Zamiu

Landed

307

estate.

darni

The wife of a landholder or

doz

Level with the ground.

giJ"

Unable

Earthy, terrestrial.

men gar

jana

pakarni

to walk, paralytic.

To be greatly ashamed.
To persevere obstinately

farmer.

'

any design,

in

to insist.

par 86 knehh para

pana

To be overjoyed

unexpectedly

at finding

the object of one's wishes.

Zamir

The mind,

heart, thought, reflection, sense,

conscience, conception, idea, comprehension, a personal

Zamistan

Winter, wisdom.

Zamm

Contraction,

conjunction,

the vowel point

short

Italian

in

pronoun.

incorporation,

(')

pronounced as the

or

as

the

English u

full.

Zamm

Blame, reproach, accusation, detraction.

Zamzam

The name of a

well at Mecca, called also

Hagar's well.

Zamzama

Singing, modulation, a concert.

-pardaz

Singer, songster.

Zan
karna

woman,

_
To

marry.

wife,

lena

Hen-pecked (rah-zan, a highwayman).

murid

The

chin, the pit in the chin.

Zanakhdau
J

Zanan

Striking, beating, striking up.

Zanana

Female,

feminine,

effeminate,

womanly,

female apartments, a seraglio.

Zanan-i

Of

the

Name

Zang

women, of the
of

people

seraglio.

in

Africa,

rust,

small bell.

alnd

fiusty, covered with rust.

lagna

To become

..\

2aiii

rusty.

Kust, verdigris.

Zangar
,

Rusty, of the colour of rust.

fi'O'

compos.) Striking, the act of striking.

308

QI,PSS4inf

op INDIAN TERMS.

Zam

A.n adulterer, a

Zanlya

whoremonger.

whore, strumpet, an adultress.

Zanjabil

Dry

Zan-jalab

ginger.

cuckold.

Cuckoldom.

Zanjir

chain.

Chained, in chains, a prisoner.

-1

Zanka

Zaun

Suspicion, jealousy,

woman.

little

opinion, impression,

notion, conjecture.

Suspicious, sceptical.

-bad

Supposed.

-I

Zann

The

Zar

Desire, wish, a groan, lamentation,

knee, the lap, the hip.

afflicted,

groaning, lamenting.
-nail

Lamentation.

-o-nizar

Emaciated,

(in compos.)

multitude;

Zar

as, gnl-zar,

it

implies place,

a garden of roses.

Gold, riches, wealth, money.

andSd

/>,,,

(jrilt,

.,,

plated with gold.

andnda
J

baf

Brocade, gold tissue.

baf-i

Woven

baft

Brocade, cloth of gold.

dar
-dost

doz
-doz-i

gar

in gold, embroidered.

Wealthy.

Fond

of money, covetous.

Embroidered.
Embroidery.

goldsmith.

-gar-i

The business of a goldsmith,

i-gul

Tlie yellow stamina of a rose.

i-nakd

Beady money.

i-tahsll

Collections, revenue.

a kind oi

dialect.

Purchased (as a

slave).

kharlda
-khez

Hich

(a

country),

producing

silver.

nigar

Gilt,

nigar-I

Gilding.

an electroplater.

gold

and

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Zarafat

Beauty,
wit,

an
?*'*'"

politeness,

humour,

By way

of joke.

damage,

To

shadid

detriment,

loss,

ruin,

anguish.

injure, hurt.

Great injury.

-rasani
?*i'l*

gallantry,

elegance,

jocularity.

Injury,

affliction,

dena

309

Causing injury, annoyance.

blow, beating, violence, multiplication

(in

arithmetic),

stamping,

striking,

coining (money), struck.

dena

To

i-masal
,

n-1-masal

coin, multiply.

proverb,
a savinar.
i
o
j

>

lagana
ntliaua

To
To

to

strike,

hammer.

suffer loss or

(darn-z-zarb)

The

Zar-baf

V. under Zar.

damage.

mint-office.

Zard

Yellow, pale, livid.

Zarda
Zai-dak

A
A

Zard-aln

An

Zai'dar

Wealthy.

kind of pula'o, dressed with

saifron.

carrot.

apricot.

Zard-chob

Yellow wood, turmeric (Curcuma longa).

Zard-grosh

Hypocritical, malignant.

Zard-i

Yellowness, the yoke of an egg.

pilak

-rang
-ru

The name of a
Bashful.

Zarf

Bashfulness.

Ingenuity,

znruf )

fpl.

-i-makau

i-zaman

elegance,

vessel, ingenious, (in

Adverb of

politeness,

vase,

grammar) an adverb.

place.

Adverb of time.

Anything woven with gold thread.

Zar-i

baf
Zar-i

bird.

Yellow, bashful.

manufacturer of gold thread.

Crying,

sighing,

groaning,

lamentation,

supplication, crying for help.

Zarif

Ingenious, polite, gallant, good, elegant,

witty, jocose.

310

GL03SAUY OF INDIAN TEB.M3.

Zarih

lattice-work surrounding a

or

railing

temple or tomb.

Zark

Turning the

eyes,

(in Pars.), hypocrisy,

fraud, detraction.

bark

Glare,

show,

glitter,

splendid

cloths,

splendour.

Zarna

f-

_,

,
Zamikh

Zarra

suiphuret

of arsenic).
^

orpiment or (yellow

Arsenic,

An

,.

atom, a particle, a

little.

Zarri

A
A

^jot

sa
-

Zar-rin

little.

very

little.

Golden.

The name of a

innrgh

Zarur

Necessary,

bird, the sun.

unavoidable,

expedient,

the

necessary (thing).

bona
at

To be

necessary.

Force,

violence,

compulsion,

restraint,

want, indigence, necessity.

an

Necessarily, of necessity.

hona

To

Zarurl

have need

of.

Necessary.

yat

(pi-J Necessaries.

Zarzar

Great lamentation.

To weep

rona

Zat

bitterly.

mistress, possessor,

(in

Sans., eiiuiva-

lent to jat, caste, sect, tribe, class, race,

the essence, nature, soul, substance).

dena

To

give

up

one's caste or relinquish the

benefits of one's religion

by eating with

a person of another caste, or not acting

conformity

in

with

certain

rules,

also

to give caste or receive a person into caste.

(To

deprive another of caste by touching

his food,

even by allowing one's shadow

to pass over the food.

marua

If a

member

a caste

the

himself of his clothing and bathe.

be touched

former

should

by

of

a non-member,

immediately divest

GLOSSARY

INDIAN TERMS.

01'

^tu-l-jamb

The

2atal

Chattering,

pleurisy.

To
To

marna

much and

talking

quibbling,

Iiankna

311

foolishly,

tattle.

quibble.
to talk nonsense.

chattel-,

Zat-I

Essential, natural, innate.

Ximj.
Tlanja

A couple, a pair,
A wife.

Zanjiyat

The married

Zauk

Taste,

alike, a spouse,

husband.

state.

delight,

joy,

pleasure,

voluptu-

ousness.

With

se

pleasure,

willingly,

with

all

my

heart.

Zaur

Going on a pilgrimage.

ZauTrak

Zauwar

A
A

Zawal

Decline, wane, declination, setting of the

taster.
visitor,

visitant.

sun, misery, wretchedness.

Transitory, fading.

^^-pazir

Zawi

Having, posessing, endowed with.

Zawiya or Zaviya

An

angle (in geometry), a corner, retired

place.
:

andarum
beruni
_
kharija

Interior angle.

-ni

Exterior angle.

hadda

An

ka'inia

right angle.

An

munfarija

nmsattah

acute angle.

obtuse angle.
plane rectilineal angle.

inuta badila

An

mnta kabila

The opposite angle.

One who keeps himself

nasliin

alternate angle.

in retirement.

Ornament, elegance, beauty.

Zeb
dena

To

suit,

become.

Zeba

Adorned, beautiful.

Zeba-i

Beauty, gracefulness.

Zeba-ish

Ornament, adorning, elegance.

karna

To

adorn, to decorate.

Zeba-ish-i

Elegant, beautiful.

Zebinda

Adorning, ornamenting, adorned.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

312
Zer

Under, below,

lower, the vowel

inferior,

point (') sounded like the Italian

-andaz

The

-band

cloth or carpet spread under a

i,

hnkka.

martingale.

bar hona

To be indebted,

bari

Expenses, burdens,

dast

Powerless, under command,

undergo a great expense.

to

liabilities.

a subject, a

vassal.

hukin rahna

To be

in subjection.

mumbling.

Inarticulateness,

>i-lab

Inarticulate, slightly uttered (a word).

i-lab-i

-i-nagin

Submissive, subject.

-karna

To overpower,

mashk

Topsy turvy,

-o-zabar

head
pai

to

overturned,

foot,

ruined

from beginning

rom

to end.

Slippers.

Under

tajwiz

Zewar

to subdue.

Writing.

(pi.

zewarat.)

consideration, sending.

Jewels, ornaments of gold, silver, &c.

Zhala

Dew,

Zhazb

Idle, trifling, or indecent speech, a kind

hoar-frost, bail.

of thistle.

trifler,

Zhinda

patched garment.

Zhiyan

li'ormidable,

kha'e

one who speaks obscenely.

rapacious,

raging

(sher-i-

zbiyan), a fierce lion.

Zhollda

Intricate, entangled.

niB

Entangled

Zi

lord,

of,

hair.

master,

(hi

compos J possessed

endowed with.

hljja

Endowed with life, an animal.

The last Mnbainmadan month of

bosh

Sensible.

khirad

Endowed with wisdom.

rub

sban

Possessed of dignity.

sbu'ur

Intelligent.

hayat

rational being.

Zibak

Quicksilver.

Zi-bas

In plenty, sufficiently.

Zi"bas-kl

In as

much

as.

the year.

GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS.

Zich

?id(l

;{

Teasing, check-mated.

The

contrary,

the

opposite,

contrariety,

opposition.

bona

Tobebaffled,renderedhelpless,tobetiredof.

karna

To baffle, defeat, to persist, to

To importune, press eagerly.

rakhna

persevere.

Ziddain

Contrary to each other.

Zidd-I

Perverse, contrary, unmanageable.

Zifaf

Leading the bride home,

to her husband's

house.

Zili

bowstring,

border

the

edge

or

of

anything, the collar or facing of a gar-

ment, excellent! bravo! throes of childbirth.

Zihar

bladder, the lower part of the belly.

Ziliar

formula of repudiation, or saying what

amounts

and

to,

has

regular divorce; as, "

or,

"I sucked
penance

the

the same breast as you."

requisite to do

is

of a

effect

You are my mother,"

away with

the effect of such a speech.

Zihdaii

The womb.

Zlhi or zahi

Excellent! bravo

Zi-hijja

The name

the

of

Mnhanimadau year

last

month of

the

(on the 10th day

is

the festival of bakar-'id).

Zihn

Understanding,
-i-dakik

memory, genius,

ability.

subtile genius.

nishin karna

To

nishin hona

To be impressed on

impress, to fix on the mind.

the mind.

mason's

ZIj

Astronomical

Zik

Anguish, vexation, melancholy,

tables, a

anxiety, doubt,

oppression of

rule.
affliction,

spirit,

or

any thing that tortures the mind.

n-n-nafas

Asthma.

Zik

V. zak.

Zikr

Remembrance, memory, commemoration,

mention, praise,
reading of the
the praise

fame,

recital, relation,

Kur'an and

and names of God.

recital

of

GLOSSAllY OF INDIAN TERMS.

314
Zikr karnii

To

Zil'-.

mention.

recite,

part, district, division, a

side,

column

in the page of a book, (in Hindustan),

the

speaking

of

art

with

double

meaning.

The

dar
ZIl

(A

ZTr

charge of a

officer in

district.

sound, the smallest string of

fine soft

a lute, the treble in music.

Zm

Shadow.
i-sub'hani
,_

,.

Shadow of God, a

>

'

king, an emperor.

u-l-lah
J

(dama zillnhn or ziUnhnm)

May

ZUl

Gentleness, ease.

Zillat

Baseness, meanness, dishonour.

Zimad

(
j

Ziinau

Zamad J
Zimma

his,

or their, prosperity continue.

A bandage
or

or

for binding the head

fillet

wound,

liniment,

plaster,

an

embrocation, ointment.
Trust, charge, obligation, subjection, duty,
service, fidelity, lineage.

Zimmadar

Responsible.

hona

To be

responsible, to be careful.

Zimmadar-i

Eesponsibility, care, charge.

Zinime karna

To give in
To take in
The cover

lena
Ziuin

charge.

charge, to take care

of

letter,

comprehended,

anything
inserted,

subject,

suretyship,

an

the

of.

contents,

contained

idea,

an obligation,

or

conception,
aid,

favour,

clause, section.

karna

To

include, take in.

Zimnan

Comprehensively, by the by.

ZIn

bandlina

saddle.

To

saddle.

A saddler,
A cloth fastened

-gar

posh

Zina
Zina

over the saddle, housing.

ladder, stairs, steps.

Adultery, fornication.

An

kar
T

karna

adulterer, a fornicator.

Fornication, adultery.

To commit

adultery.

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS.

Zinat

Ornament,

dress,

315
decoration,

beauty,

elegance.

Zinda
dil

gam

live,

living.

Lively, joyful, happy.

1

Life, living, existence,

gl
J

karua
rahna

To bring to life.
To live, survive.

Ziudan

Zindan-i

Imprisoned, a prisoner.

prison.

Zindanian).

(pi.

ZInhar.

Care, caution, protection defence, patronage,

take care,

(interj.)

by no means, soon,

beware, (adv.)

certainly.

Zinjif or Zinjaf

Fringe, border, edging.

Zir

V. za.

Zira

Cumin-seed (Cnminnm cyminnm).

Zh'a'

yard, a cubit, two bright stars in the

head of Gemini.
Agriculture, husbandry,

Zira'at
i

sown

field,

Zirab

Fighting, fencing, conquering.

Zirah (prop, zirih)

Iron armour made with rings.

-posli

Zirak

land.

Agricultural.

man

clad in armour.

Ingenious,

intelligent,

sagacious,

pene-

trating, acute.

Ingenuity, sagacity.

bam

Zir

High and low

notes.

Defornaed, ugly, inhuman, hideous.

Zisht

-kho

Of ugly

habits or disposition.

Ugly> ill-favoured.

ru
Zist

Life, living, existence.

Zijada

More, too much, excessive.

bona

To

karna

To

exceed, surpass, to be increased.

increase,

to take

talab-i

use

also,

table-cloth.

banquet, convivial entertainment,

hospitality, invitation.

karna

force,

Extortion, imposition.
A- feast,

Zivafat

augment,

away the dinner and

To

entertain, feast, treat.

316

GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS.

Ziyan

damage,

Loss,

injury,

deficiency,

hurt,

barm.

kar

Hurtful, injurious.

-kar-I

Injury, hurtfulness.

-kai'na

To

cause harm, hurt, injury, to injure.

Pilgrimage, visiting.

Ziyarat

karna

To go on

a pilgrimage.

Ziyarat-i

Relating to pilgrimage,

Zor

Force,

strength,

virtue,

awar
-i

azma-i

-azmaua

Power,

force.

Trial of strength, wrestling.

To

try one's strength, to contend.

To have

dar

Strong, vigorous.

dena

To aid, support, assist.

To show off one's authority or
To compel, to exercise, to use

karna

authority or influence.

exert one's

marna
parna

to

self.

Cin compos.) possessed

lord, a master,

or

of,

1-fakar

power.
effort,

To endeavour, strive, toil, struggle.

To be stretched, to be forced.

ZH

vigour,

Powerful, strong.

chalna

dikhana

power,

weight.

violence, effort,

endowed

A sword

with.

possessed by

Muhammad, and

afterwards by 'All.
1-jalal

Possessed of glory, glorious.

Zn'af

Sudden death (by

Zu'af

Deadly venom.

Zuban
Znbd

V. zaban.
,

Znbda

Zud

poison).

The

best of anything, butter.

Quick, swift, soon, suddenly.

soon

-ranj

Irascible,

-tar

ilore speedily.

tarin

Will

all

irritated.

speed.

Zu'f or Za'f

Infirmity,

Zn'f ana

To

weakness, imbecility

or body.

i-niasana

faint,

to

fall

into a swoon.

Irritability of the bladder.

of

mind

317

GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS,

Zu'f i-mi'da

Weak

?ulia

Breakfast time, the part of the day between

digestion, dyspepsia.

and the meridian

sunrise,

name of

festival

10th of zi-hijja

ham's

up

offering

Musalmang)
/ulid

(q.v.),

on the

when an animal

commemoration of Abra-

in

is sacrificed

('idu-z-zulia,

celebrated

of

(according

to

his son Isma'il.

Continence, devotion, abstinence.

-kesh

Devout, continent.

Zuhhad

plur. of zahid, q.v.

Zuhr

y...

Mid-day, or a
has passed

most

little

The planet Venus.

Zuhul

Oblivion, forgetting.

Appearing,

bona

To

mei ana
meu lana

To arise,
To make

Zakam

it

is

vising,

becoming

visible.

arise, appear.

Eheum,
karna

when

sultry.

/uhra
Zuliiir

time after the sun

meridian,

the

To

to

come

in sight.

apparent, to bring about.

catarrh, cold, defluxion.

take cold in the head.

Znkhr
_

victuals, stores.
Treasure, provisions,
'

Zakhira
J

Zulal

Pure, limpid, wholesome water.

Znlain

The

Zulf

colic.

curling lock, a ringlet, a whisker.

i-'auibarin

Perfumed (with ambergris)

i-tab-dar

Curling locks.

i-pareshan

Dishevelled locks.

locks.

Zalf-I

Zu-l-jalal

V. under zu.

Zulla

Zulm

Oppression, injustice, injury, extortion.

sword-knot,

door

To
To

bona
karna
Znlm-pesha

shi'ar
rasula

is

the

chain

by which

fastened.

covering, anything shady, a cloud.

befal one (a misfortune).

oppress, tyrannize.

Tyrannical, tyrant, oppressor.

I

Oppressed.

si^

CLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEUMS.

Znlmat
pi.

Darkness.

Znlmat

dark place where the water of immor-

tality is said to be.

Knlm-i

Oppressive, tyrannical, unjust.

-yat ...

Znmra
Znnnb

'.

Oppression.

A
(pi.

of zamb.) ....

Zanuar

troop, group, crowd, multitude.

Crimes, sins, faults.

(Prom Gr.

itovdgiov),

belt,

the Brah-

manical thread, a Hindn rosaiy.

ZSr

lie,

deity,

falsehood,

an

Zurara

Particles scattered

Znruf

Vessels, adverb.

Cpl.

of Zarf. g.vj

adulteration,

false

idol.

from anything pounded.

GLOSSAEY

The following
District

Work

in

of

N. W.

the

all

W. Whish.

by C.

mentioning that Mr.

B.

Whish

We

all

take this

one of those

is

good service for the Government, and,

respect and gratitude of

(with a few

District Office in Northern India''

Service.

Civil

taken

is

work (which should be in the hands

"A

District officers) entitled,

in constant use in Official

and Oudh

P.

corrections) from a very useful

of

TKRMS

the

who

has done

some time, earned the

at the

with

Indians

opportunity of

officials

whom

his duties have

brought him in contact.

A.
Description.

Name.
Xbadi

Village

Aiilmand or Ahl-l-kar

site.

Departmental

clerk.

Almarl

Amin
ina

Official directing

Arz

chest or book case.

an inquiry.

Sixteenth part of a rupee.

irzal

Notice of remittance.

Asami

Tenants, defendants in law-suits.

AsamiTvar

Held by tenants or
including

all the

settlements

asainis,

names applied

made with the

document
to

revenue

proprietors.

B.
AraMca

Babul

The

Balii-khata

Ledger.

Baniya

Flour

Ba^g^a^

Bundle of records (ZU. a

Berun az

Money not

accacia

tree (of the

Mimosa

kind).

Bhang

siyalia

-'^'^

seller or petty shop-keeper.

cloth wrapper).

credited in the public accounts.

intoxicating

drug made from hemp

(Cannabis sativa).

TERMS USED IN OFFICIAL DISTKICT WOHK,

320

N. W. P.

AND

Bhus

Chaff, husk, bran.

BIgha

About two-thirds

Biswa

One-twentieth (^V) of a bigha

One-twentieth f^) of a biswa.

BiswSnsi

O.

(|) of an acre.

= kattha.

c.
Chakbat

Compact.

bandi

Defining or marking the boundaries of

an

estate.

Chalan

Notice of remittance, clearance.

Chandn

{^Ihaprasi

Messenger, servant, peon.

Charas

An

Chankidar

Village watchman.

preparation of opium for smoking.

made from hemp.

intoxicating drug

Chanpal

Landed

Chik

Bamboo

Chhatank

One-sixteenth (^\) part of a seer or

proprietor's office.

blind.
-Jth

of a pound.

Day

Cooly
C. Cr.

labourer.

Code of Criminal Procedure.

D.
Dakliila

Receipt.

Dakhila bahl

Receipt register.

Darbar

Dastak

Writ of demand.

Deputy Inspector of Schools

Departmental

public reception.

official

in charge of district

schools.

District

Board

Elected Committee for Local Government.

F.
Fasli (year)

Agricultural year.

Fasli sai

The revenue

year.

G.
tJanjii

An

Gharii

Earthenware water-pot.

Chat

intoxicating

drug

(the

bathing or landing place.

hemp

plant).

TERMS USED IN OFFICIAL DISTRICT 'WOKK,

N. W. P.

Handi

An

Hindi

The indigenous vernacular

AND

321

O.

earthenware bowl.
of Upper India.

J.
Janiabandl

Eent

Jaiiiadar

Officer of peons or messengers.

Jinswar

See Khasra Jinswar.

roll.

K.
Counter part

Kabiilifat

of

lease.

(A written

agreement).

ackowledgment.

Kabzu-1-wasSl

Acquittance

Kankar

Nodular limestone.

KarM

Straw (the stalk of jo'ar of bajra (Horeus

Kliarif.

Autumn

roll,

sorgum and

receipt,

spicatus).

harvest.

Kharij az siyaha

Sums

Khasra

Field register, a village account.

outside the public accounts.

Khasra jinswar

Crop outturn

Khatinni

Abstract of account.

Khetbat

register.

Sub-division of

fields.

Khewat

Kegister of proprietors, record of village

Kist

Instalment.

shares.

-band!

Settlement of the

revenues

or

taxes

by

instalment.

Kos

Knlliyat

General, miscellaneous, total, universality.

measure of distance, about two miles.

L.
Lambardar

Representative

of revenue

payers.

number-keeper).
j^Q^^

Brass drinking pot; a pipkin.

1\

(Lit.

32

'f^RMS USED IN OFFICIAL UI TRICT WOEK,

|I.

W.

P.

AND

O.

M.
A

Madak

of

preparation

opium

for

smoking,

(properly betel-ieaf mixed with opium).

Land revenue payer.

Malgnzar

Land revenue

-1

Gardener,

Mali

ground-rent.

florist,

adj. belonging to prop-

erty, financial.

Malkhana

...

Store-room.

A measure of Weight containing (80) eighty

Maand

pounds.

(properly Man.)

Mauya' (monza)

Village.

Milan

Sum,

correspondence,

comparison,

col-

lection.

Misl

Misl band

File, register.

record. Lit. similitude.

Mnharrir

Clerk.

Monsoon

Bainy season.

anglice fromniausim(season)

An

Mua'fi

estate

on which the land revenue

is

remitted.

Mukhtarnama
Munsarlm

Power-of-attorney.

Mnnshikhana

Vernacular

Mntation

Change of proprietor's name

Office superintendent, head clerkof a court.

office.

in register.

N.
Naib

Assistant, deputy.

diwan

The deputy

Nathis
(from uatlil,

by

treasurer ov accountant-

Separate bundles of records.

which

the

string

papers

are

strung to leather).

Nazarat

Office of Nazir.

Nazir

Office

Nuziil

Lumovable property of Government (strictly

superintendent,

officer,

in

law,

court

sherifl'.

in a political sense).

TERMS USED IK OFFICIAL DISTRICT WORK,

N. W. P. AijD O.

323

o.
Occupancy

Exemption from

liability to ejectment.

P.
Fakkii, packa or pucka

Solid masonry, stone, or brick.

Fanchayat

Committee or Council of

Parwana

Official order, pass, warrant.

five.

Patwari

Village accountant, land steward.

Peon

Messenger.

Peshkiir

A head vernacular writer or clerk, properiy,

Pie

Twelfth (^) part of an anna.

Assessor (originally from one

minister, manager, deputy or agent.

Panch

of

fivB

containing

two

arbitrators).

R.
Rabi'

Spring harvest.

Bawana

Pass, permit.

Registrar Kannngo
Rozuamcha

Diary.

Keeper of pargana

registers.

s.
8adar (Sadr, or Sudder)
iSadar

Eannngo

Head-quarters

office.

Superintendent of kannugos.

Keld map.

Sajra

Schedules

Heads of account.

Ser

measure

pounds

of

weight

(2 lbs) or sixteen

chhatanks.

Sewai

Miscellaneous items of income.

Siyaha

Sub-treasury account sheet.

Siyaha naTis

Sub-treasury vernacular accountant.

Singhara

^^

Sir (Samhrit

a plough)

edible water nut.

Land

in special cultivating possession of

proprietor. Lit. husbrandry, agriculture.

Superyisor Kanungo

Superintendent of patwaris, an
each district, acquainted with

its

officer in

customs,

the nature of the tenui'es of the land, &c.

TERMS USED IN OFFICIAL DISTRICT WORK,

324

N. W. P.

AND

O.

T.

Xahsn

subdivision of a district (especially for

revenue purposes).
Tahsildar

The

Tahvildar

Sub-treasurer.

officer

in eharge of a Tahsil.

(Tahwll-dar)

Cash-keeper.

TakaTTi

State loans for agricultural improvements

Talabnania

Talabani

Process fees.

(assisting particularly, tenants).

Talabana dakhil karna.

summons.

To pay witnesses

Tari (toddy)

An

Terai

Low

intoxicating

fees.

drink

made from palm

trees. *)

(properly tara'i,

lying land.

marsh,

or meadow.)

Thana

Police station.

u.
Urdu

The vernacular of India subsequent

Urdu-i-mu'alla, the royal

camp or

array,

means the

generally

the

Mnhammadan

an army or camp,

conquest,
(a

to

literally;

Turkish word).

city of Dihli or

Shahjahanabad, and nrdn-

i-mn%lla

ki

zaban, the

court language.

WWasil baki

Land revenue accountant.

(hisab-navis)

(collections

and balance).

z.
Zamiudar
The

Land-holder.

make an

incision in the tree near the top, and fasten underneath

which the juice drops during the night. The liquor, thus
obtained, having a slightly sub-acid flavour, is peculiarljr grateful and refreshing
in the early morning.
It acquires its intoxicating property when kept for some
*)

natives

earthen vessels into

time and allowed to ferment.

TERMS APPLIEU TO LABOCREES,

GLOSSARY

of

TERMS

applied

to

W.

N.

AND

V.

Labourers,

325

O.

W.

N.

the

in

and Oudh revised from a very interesting pamphlet, entitled " Our
Difficulties and Wants" by the late S. M. Hossain (a distinguished

P.

student at

tlie

Cirencester Agricultural College,

who

held an important

post in the Agricultural Department of Northern India).

Alnr

Keeper of cows and seller of milk, butter,&c.

;A.sanii

Agricultural tenants.

Atishbaz

Firework maker.

'Attar

Drug-gist.

Bakar or Buz

Butcher dealing in mutton. (These words

Bauiya or Bakkal

Shop keepers

signifying bull goat are locally appliedj.

Bharbliunja,

Bhnj,

Bhuja

Keeper of an oven (bhar)

chabeua.

Barhai.

corn-grower).

(also

or

parching

for

*)

Carpenter.

Bar!

Torch bearer

Hindu

caste

used as

Behua (Dlinnya, or Haddaf)

(properly

who

name of

the

and leaves

sell torches,

platters).

One who prepares

cotton

spinning

for

and receives in exchange untwined thread.

Bhatyara

Baker, or innkeeper.

Beldar

A member

of a wandering tribe that vend

fuel carried

on

asses,

also,

pioneer,

a digger.

Bhangi (Dom,

or Mihtar)

Sweepers and removers of ordure, they

make

baskets.

Sup or chhaj

grain from dust,

they

struments at weddings,

for cleaning

play musical intheir wives are

employed as midwives.

Chamar

Tanners, they

the

strip

cattle (the flesh of

Carver (properly,

Chitera

skin from dead

which they
person

eat).

who

paints

flowers).

Chikwa

^ii^e.

Bakar

(a

butcher

goats, sheep, kids

*)

eaten

Cbabena

is

by more than

the

nnground grain parched

in

who

kills

only

and lambs).

burning sand which alone

three-foni'ths of the villagers for breakfast.

is

N. W. P.

TERMS APPLIED TO LA.BOUKEKS,

326

Makers of

Chnriyar
(from
rings

cliuri, bangles or

made of

and worn by

AND

O.

(chnriya) composed

bracelets

of sodium, carbonate and sand,

glass, &c.,

women on

the wrist.)

Darzi

Tailor.

Dhirkal or Bansphor

Basket, box and cliairmaker (of bamboo).

Dhobi

Washerman.

Dhunya

Vide Belina.

Dom

Fide Bhangi.

Garariya

Shepherd.

Gosalii

Ganra

Bearer of the palanquin, they also keep

Halwal

Vendor of sweetmeats and

kind of Hindu fakir.

ferry boats like kewats,

Jolaha jorya
(from

and roast

grain.

tobacco.

Weavers.

joriiii,

to join,

to

mend).
Kaliar

A bearer (especially

of a palaquin

Khewat

also,

ferry-man,

makes

(he

in

a caste).

some

parts,

salt).

Principally engaged in selling fruit, and

Khatik

vegetables

work

making twine,

like pasis, q.v.,

&c., they also

and serve

as guards

in the houses of zamindars.

Kaclihi or

Kurml

Agriculturists

or

Kunjra

are

properly

sell pot-herbs).

Greengrocer.

Eassab

Vide Bakar.

Kasai

Dealers in beef.

Koll and Kori

Vide Jolalia.

Kasera

Brazier.

Knmhar

Potter.

Lobar

Blacksmith.

Loniya from

loiil

(salt)...

In former times manufacturers of

they now work on

Manibar

former

gardeners who cultivate and

(probably from Kapari).

Kabarya

(the

(from

gem, a jewel)

inani,

Vide

C'liuriyiir.

Maraii

Vide KachbT.

Mibtar

Vide Bhangi.

the roada, &c.

salt,

TERMS APPLIED TO LABOUREES,

Mall

Maliajau

W,

N.

P.

AND

327

O.

Gardener.

G rain and money

lender

very high

(at

interest).

Nai; hajjam

"Besides their particular pro-

Barbers.
fession,

Nais

the

upon the

wait

also

zamindars upon extraordinary occasions,

especially at marriage ceremonies,

when

their services as intermediators between

the

contracting

parties

They

employed.

are also appointed by

their customers to wait

who have brought no

to bring water

attend

with

for

upon

their guests

servant with them,

them and otherwise

upon them. The Nais

letters

invariably

are

are entrusted

and presents from respect-

able people to their relations and friends,

as well as with invitations."

NanMi; rotiwala

Baker.

Naddaf

^ic^e

Pjisi

Men, who,
q.v.

Patu'a or Pathar

(local)..

Behna.
in occupation, resemble chaniiir

(both low caste Hindus).

Lace-raaker; a

man who

a braider, a maker

strings pearls,

of fringe and tape.

Rangrez (from rang, dye,

colour)

Dyer.

Sunar

Goldsmith.

Tamoli or Tamtooli

This caste

sell

lime or

Pan

(Betel leaves)

which are chewed by Indians and considered a luxury as well as a stomachic.

ijgjj

Thathera

presser of oil-seed and vendor of

^<^

Kasera

(brasier, tinker).

oil.

APPENDIX.

The

era

Muhammadan

Calendar.

from

reckou

which

Mnssalinans

corresponds

date of their prophet's flight (called the Hijra) from

This

computed

is

have

to

Mecca

with the

to Medina.

on Friday, the 16th of July,

occui-red

A.D. 622. Mnssalmaus count time by lunar months, of which there

354 day and nine hours, very

are twelve consisting of

New-year's Day will thus

nearly.

every year about eleven

fall

Their

days earlier

than in the preceding year.

In order to
Hijra,

Forbes

"From
and

(vide

Grammar

Christian

This

ends

146) gives the following rule:

p.

number of Mnsalman

the given

years, deduct i/tree per cent,

add the number 621.54, the sum

to the remainder

of the

year corresponding to that of the

the Christian

find

aera

at

which

very simple rule

is

given

the

on the

founded

is

the period

current Mnsalinan year

fact that

100 lunar

years are very nearly equal to 97 solar years, there being only about

eight days of difference.

lunar to

more accurate proportion would be 101

98 solar years, but

this

would lead

to

less

convenient

rule for practical use.

"When

great accuracy is required,

and when the

year, month, and

day of the Mnhainmadau aera are given, the precise period of the
Christian aera
the

Mnsalman

to the product

may be found

add 621 54, and the sum

Masalman

case, the veij

will

Christian aera.
the

very nearly, as follows: Rule. Express

date in years and decimals of a year; multiply by .97;

This rule

is

exact

date the day of the

day

is

to

within

week

is

be the period of the

few days, and

given, as

is

in

if

generally the

easily determined.

"The Mnhainmadan or lunar months are made to consist of thirty

and twenty-nine days alternately, but in a period of thirty years, it
is found necessary to intercalate the last month eleven times so as
to

be

reckoned

thirty

retain their Arabic

names

days
in all

instead

of

twenty-nine.

Mnkaminadan

The mouths

countries, as follows

'

APPENDIX.

329

Lunar Months.
Mnharraiu ....

30 days.

Bajab

30 days.

Safar

29

Sha'ban

29

Bainazan.

30

Shawwal

29

BaM

ul-awwal.

80

BabT'us-sani

30

Rabi' ul-akhir

Zi,

Jnmad al-awwal.
Jumad-as-sanI
-

Jnmad-al-akhir

cO

29

ka'da

Zi ka'da

Zi hijja

gp

Zi, 1 hijja

Days of the Week.

Musalmdn.

29

//

APPENDIX.

330

" Beside the era of the Kall-ug,

reckon

India

of

Vikraniadltya,

from

who

the

lived

time

(or

the Hindus in the northern iiair

of

died)

renowned

by name

prince,

about 57 years before tbe com-

era.
Another common era is that of a prince
named Salavahaiia, which commences 78 years after the birtt of Christ.

mencement of our

" Several other eras are in use in certain parts of the country, for a
full

account of which the reader may consult a profound work devoted

entirely

to the subject, entitled

The Hindn Solar Months

April

Jeth

May

Asarh

June

Sawan

or

Sarawan

Bhiidou

July Auc.
Sept.
Sept. Oct.

-A^iig-

Asin or Knar ....

4to.

July.

Katlk or Kartlk... Oct. Nov.

Agrhan

Nov.

Pns

Dec.

Gold Mohnr.

Dec.

Jan.
Feb.

Magh
Fhagun,

Jan.^

or

Phaignn Feb.^^March.

Chait

Monetary System of British

(Now seldom used)

Madras, 4825.""

are as follows:

May.
June.

Baisakh

Eala Sankalita,

March

India.

April..

331

APPENDIX.

Hindu shopkeepers,
principally

whom

for

generally

liave

distribution

who swarm

are professional,

handful of these

When

shells.

being

Silver,

the rate
subject

As

tlie

of

To

majority

the

mendicant has collected a

the

suffi-

India,

of circulation in

exchange of the rupee with gold standard countries

of

of

for a little rice, bajra, or othei-

medium

standard

cowries (5. Kauri)

these,

in India the shopkeepers give a

cieni number he can exchange them

grain.

heap

beggars.

to

is

considerable fluctuation.

to

Government have

the Indian

make

to

remittances to meet the

heavy home charges to the Secretary of State in gold, the depreciation

-of silver is a constant source of anxiety to India.

Weights and Messures.

Goods

are sold by

lb.

lbs.

bazar ser

ser

Mann

The

ser

the

ser weighs 1

(the

13

Calcutta factory

13.86

oz.

0.

drs. Avoir; the

13.853

generally reckoned (in small quantities) as 2 lbs. Acoir.

ii

=z 40 ser.

tola

the denomination

is

which

-of uiashas,

The standard

of a weight, consisting of a

number

varies in different parts of India.

or

tola,

weight

sicca

of Calcutta,

is

-12^ inashas,

-agreeably to the following table.

Fanks

Dhau

Kattl.

Eatti

Masha

Tola

12^ Mashas

Dhan

4
4

gaz

is

used in measuring length;

Distances are reckoned by Kos

it

or trrain.
.

Gr. Tr.

796G6

14.37333
179.6666
is

equivalent to a yard.

to about 2 miles.

Forms of Address.
In respect of forms
peoples,

are

very

proverbial, and apt

-cially

tho?e in

the

of address,

punctilious.
to

excite

ridicule

of

Europe.

north

Spain, and Portugal, and even

-are noticeable.

Indians,

and,

indeed

all

Oriental

Their use of flowery expressions

in

among Western
Towards

tiie

is

nations, espe-

south,

in Italy,

France exaggerated terms of address

332

APPENDIX.

la India, Brahinaug are addressed as Maharaj

!,

Great King

!,

Pande I

(which also signifies a schoolmaster,) Dobe, Tiwari or Chanbe (which

signifies

term,

Brahman

ignorant

acquainted with the four Yedas, and though this

was

Pandit,

like

men

Mnsalmau Fakirs

or

Thaknr and Singh or Kae. The two

Sikhs.

Moguls are addressed

Brahmans,

learned

with Pir or Siifi or Shah; Hindu

(insa'in

or

to

addressed as Chanbes and Pandits.

still

are adressed

devotees, with Sa'in

applied

originally

of this caste are

Bhagat or Gnrn; Bajputs with

latter terms are also

used among

Mirza or Beg, or Jgha or Khwajah;

as

Mir; Shaikhs, with Shaikh; Pathans, with Khan; Doc--

Saiyids, with

tors with Mnlla or Manlari or Pandit;

Seth or Sah.

Merchants or Bankers, with

The most common terms of

respectful

address are

Xaharaj, Jahan Panah (Refuge of the world!). Your Majesty!, Great

King! Khndawand,

Thaknr;

Miyan

Ji,

Mohammad Ibrahim

Sahib; Sir!, or Babn, Lala, or

or

Worship!.

Sir!, Master!,

of ]3ombay

down

laid

the

following rules-

respecting the etiquette to be observed in the use of the pronouns.

"1.
the

When

the speaker and

whom

the person

he addresses are of

same rank, each should speak of himself in the singular number,

and address the other in the second person

"2.

plural.

may speak

person of superior rank

himself in the singular

number, and address the other in the second person

is

not considered to be polite, nor

is

it

plural, but this

thought correct to address

even the lowest rank in the singular number.

" 3.

The pronouns of

the third person

when speaking of any person

superior rank,

" 4.

When

in

when they ought

their

to be

may be used
presence,

in the singular-

unless

spoken of in the

they be of
plural.

one person of rank addresses another of the same or

of him

superior rank, or speaks

in

his

presence,

it is

most correct

to

make use of the

or

some respectful phrase, Khndawand, your honour; hnzrnt, honour,

highness,

etc,,

respectful

and the

like,

pronoun ap, or the great man's

with

the

third

title,

person plural (of the

pronouns and verbs); and when an inferior addresses a superior he

ought at

times to

all

use

similar

expressions

of respect, suitable to

the rank of the person addressed."

In writing
his rank,

even,

as

letters,

the

person addressed

is

denoted, according to

by some or other of the terms we have given above; but

a

mark of

respect,

persons are addressed

which are quite incongruous with their position.

in

expressiona

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