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Information is the basis for every decision taken in an organization. The efficiency of
management depends upon the availability of regular and relevant information. Thus it is
essential that an effective and efficient reporting system be developed as part of accounting
system. The main object of management information is to obtain the required about the operating
results of an organization regularly in order to use them for future planning and control.
The old techniques like intuition, rule of thumb, personal whim and prestige, etc. are now
considered useless in the process of decision taking. Modern management is constantly on look
out for such quantitative and such information, which can help in analyzing the proposed
alternative actions and choosing one as its decision. Thus, modern management functions are
information-oriented more popularly known as management by information. And the system
through which information is communicated to the management is known as management
information system (MIS). The management needs full information before taking any decision.
good decisions can minimize costs and optimize results. Management information system can be
helpful to the management in undertaking management decisions smoothly and effectively.
Management information system can be analyzed thus:
1.
Management: management covers the planning, control, and
administration of the operations of a concern. The top management handles
planning; the middle management concentrates on controlling; and the lower
management is concerned with actual administration.
2.
Information: information, in MIS, means the processed data that helps
the management in planning, controlling and operations. Data means all the
facts arising out of the operations of the concern. Data is processed i.e.
recorded, summarized, compared and finally presented to the management in
the form of MIS report.
3.
System: data is processed into information with the help of a system. a
system is made up of inputs, processing, output and feedback or control.
Thus MIS means a system for processing data in order to give proper information to the
management for performing its functions.
In today's scenario MIS plays a pivotal role in Organizations. Organizations worldwide makes
extensive use of MIS. Its desgined by the top management of an organization, is a tool to
assembling & accumulating facts & figures of all the important business processes.
MIS is a very vast topic, its very difficult to cover the whole in one article. Thus here are some of
the major importance / advantages of MIS in organizations:
The organization that uses MIS is able to record ,process, route & tabulate all important
business transactions. As & when need arises the organization is able to incorporate the
needed changes & improvements in the area of concern.
The physical view of MIS can be seen as as assembly of several subsystems based
on the databases in the organisation. These subsystems range from data collection,
transacion processing and validating, processing, analysing and storing the
information in databases. The subsystems could be at a functional level or a corporate
level. The information is evolved through them for a functional or a departmental
management and it provides the information for the management of business at the
corporate level.All the systems shown in the above diagram together are MISs.
CONCEPTUAL VIEW OF MIS
Importance of Management
Information System
Management information system is an integrated set of component or entities that interact to
achieve a particulars function, objective or goal. Therefore it is a computer based system that
provides information for decisions making on planning, organizing and controlling the operation
of the sub-system of the firm and provides a synergistic organization in the process.
The component of an information system includes. a hardware which is used for input/output
process and storage of data, software used to process data and also to instruct the hand-ware
component, data bases which is the location in the system where all the organization data will
be automated and procedures which is a set of documents that explain the structure of that
management information system.
There are various driving factors of management information system for example:Technological revolutions in all sectors make modern managers to need to have access to large
amount of selective information for the complex tasks and decisions.
The lifespan of most product has continued getting shorter and shorter and therefore the
challenge to the manager is to design product that will take a longer shelf life and in order to do
this, the manager must be able to keep abreast of the factors that influences the organization
product and services thus, management information system come in hardy in supporting the
process.
There are huge amount of information available to todays manager and this had therefore
meant that managers are increasingly relying on management information system to access the
exploding information. Management information services helps manager to access relevant,
accurate, up-to-date information which is the more sure way of making accurate decisions. It
also helps in automation and incorporation of research and management science techniques
into the overall management information system for example probability theory.
The management information services are capable of taking advantage of the computational
ability of the company like processing, storage capacity among others.
Based on this relevancy, management information system should be installed and upgraded in
various organizations since todays managers need them to access information for managerial
decision making and also management functions.
Questions
1. Identify nature of impact of MIS on people, organisation and the management
style? Illustrate the positive as well as negative impact.
2. Discuss the external and internal constraint of implementing MIS in an
organisation?
3. Manager has leadership role to play in an organisation. MIS provides support to
manager in his functional responsibilities. Explain with example?
16. Can quality of decision making be improved? Explain how it can be improved?
17. What are the different type of Information Systems available ?
18. What are the major information systems and subsystems applicable to a bank?
19. Differentiate between following:
a. Programmed and Non-programmed Decision
b. Structured and Unstructured Information
c. Information and Data
20. Can value of information be improved? Can information have a value which is
person independent?
21. Explain the difference between data processing and information processing?
22. Consider a car manufacturing firm. Identify information in the following classes
of organisation:
a. Organisational
b. Strategic
c. Planning
d. Control
29. Discuss the use of Influence Diagram and Decision Tree in detail. Illustrate with
examples.
30. Describe the active based typology of Decisions giving example of each class?
Discuss the hierarchy of Organizational decision level and discuss the complexity of
decision that is to be taken at each level.
31. What is the role of Heuristic in modelling? Discuss the various kind of
biasness which influence a decision.
32. Why is input design important? Can it always be linked to output design?
33. Models are classified as Strategic, tactical or operational. What is the
purpose of such a qualification? Give an example for each.
34. What are the five components of a DBMS ?
35. Discuss objectives of a DBMS?
36. Discuss the three best known approaches to define a DBMS?
37. What are major sources of design information?
38. Identify 10 specific factors that should be considered in forms design?
39. Give three reasons for severe problems n the area of MIS maintenance?
40. Consider any MIS prepare a test specification for the same?
41. Identify some planning problems which can impact working a MIS?
42. Identify different types of System and explain them in detail?
43. What is the difference between Open and Closed decision making systems?
44. Draw logical model and data flow diagram for following systems:
a. Fixed Deposit System
b. Credit card bill processing ..
45. Suggest input validation in following cases:
a. Fixed Deposit System.
b. Credit card bill processing.
c. Order configured by the customer.
46. Why is the purpose of system flow chart? How is it different from DFD?
47. What is data mapping and how it is done?
48. Explain following terms:
a. Data Design
b. Process Design
c. Output Design
49. What are the components of a system? How is the system model improves from
simple Input-process-Output model to complex control model?
50. Discuss the various kinds of Decision Models in detail giving examples of
each.