Bicol University

College of Engineering
Legazpi City, Albay

Electricity Generating Device through Wave

Oscillation
(Review of Related Literature)

Submitted By:
Franz Joseph Angustia
Niko Dioquino
Dominic Oliquino
John Erick Peralta
BSME 4

Submitted to:
Engr. Medel E. Aligan
Professor

RELATED LITERATURE
Traditionally shaped buoys, we came to the conclusion, that such shapes enable
generating only a calculated amount of power at the expanse of lifting force of surfacing.
However, the possibility to recover from an incident flow was not utilized.
There found several methods of power transmission though waves. Hydraulic turbines are
the most common. The next would be the floater devices directly connected to motors through
poles. This system substantially transmits any wave energy into electricity without having any
starting mechanism. The continuous oscillation of the floaters serves the key to the amount of
energy induced, the greater the wave energy, the greater the transmission.
An expression is obtained for the efficiency of wave-energy absorption of a float
connected to a spring-dashpot system on the top of a column of fluid bounded by two closelyspaced vertical parallel plates or a narrow tube immersed under waves. The method makes
extensive use of the appropriate solution using matched asymptotic expansions obtained by
Newman (1974) to the corresponding problem when the float-spring-dashpot system was absent.
It is shown that for plates of equal length, the maximum possible efficiency is 50%, and that for
the three-dimensional case, it is theoretically possible to capture the energy in a wave whose
crest length is greater than the tube diameter.
In the last years considerable efforts and advances have been made worldwide in
exploiting the energy of ocean waves due to the rise of the worlds energy consumption and the
requirement for green energy production. Among several classes of designs proposed for the
wave energy conversion, the oscillating water column device (OWC) has received considerable
theoretical attention. The OWC devise is partially submerged, hollow structure open to the
seabed below the water line. The vertical motion of the sea surface alternatively pressurizes and
depressurizes the air inside the structure generating a reciprocating flow through a self-rectifying
turbine which is installed beneath the roof of the device. Full sized fixed and floating prototypes
were built in Norway (in Toftestallen, near Bergen, 1985), Japan (Sakata, 1990), India
(Vizhinjam, near trivandum, Kerala State, 1990), Portugal (Pico, Azores, 1999), UK (Scotland,
2000), And Japan (1998).
Oscillating wave surge converters (OWSCs) are a class of wave power technology that
exploits the enhanced horizontal fluid particle movement of waves in the nearshore coastal zone
with water depths of 10-20 m. OWSCs predominantly oscillate horizontally in surge as opposed
to the majority of wave devices, which oscillate vertically in heave and usually are deployed in
deeper water. The characteristics of the nearshore wave resource are described along with the
hydrodynamics of OWSCs. The variables in the OWSC design space are discussed together with
a presentation of some of their effects of capture width, frequency bandwidth response and
power take-off characteristics. There are notable differences between the different OWSCs under
development worldwide, and these are highlighted. The final section of the paper describes
Aquamarine Powers 315 kW Oyster1 prototype, which was deployed at the European Marine
Energy Centre in August 2009. Its place in the OWSC design space is described along with
practical experience gained. This has led to the design of Oyster 2, which was deployed in

August 2011. It is concluded that nearshore OWSCs are serious contenders in the mix of wave
power technologies. The nearshore wave climate has a narrower directional spread from the
offshore, the largest waves are filtered out and the exploitable resource is typically only 10-20%
less in 10 m depth compared with 50 m depth. Regarding the devices, a key conclusion in that
OWSCs such as Oyster primarily respond in the working range to the horizontal fluid
acceleration; Oyster is not a drag device responding to the horizontal fluid velocity. The
hydrodynamics of Oyster is dominated by inertia with added inertia being a very significant
contributor. It is unlikely that individual flap modules will exceed 1 MW in installed capacity
owing to wave resource, hydrodynamic and economic constraints. Generating stations will be
made up of line arrays of flaps with communal secondary power conversion every 5-10 units.
The production of renewable energy in Scotland is an issue that has come to the fore in
technical, economic, and political terms during the opening years of the 21st century. The natural
resource base for renewable energy is extraordinary by European, and even global standards,
with the most important potential sources such wind, wave, and tide.
At the end of 2011, there was 4, 796 megawatts (MW) of installed renewables electricity
capacity in Scotland, an increase of 9.5 percent (416 MW) at the end of 2010. Renewable
electricity generation in 2011 was a record high at 13, 750 GWh - an increase of 44.5 percent in
2010. Around 35 percent of Scotlands electricity came from renewables in 2011, exceeding the
Scottish Governments target of 31 percent. Scotland contributed almost 40 percent of the UKs
renewables output in 2011.
Scotland has pioneered marine energy investment with the worlds first round of
commercial wave and tidal leasing. Six wave and five tidal schemes are to be developed in the
Pentland Firth and Orkney Water. These projects range from 50-200 MW and, by 2020, will
generate 1.6 GW of marine energy of Scotlands north coast, enough to power 70, 000 homes.
Moreover, Scotlands commitment to wave and tidal energy investment has seen the launch of
the Scottish Government backed, 10 million Saltire Prize: the largest innovation prize in history.
Serious research on wave-energy extraction methods began in several countries during
the 1970s. Wave-energy projects in Japan began drawing attention in the late 70s after
JAMSTEC tested the worlds first large scale offshore floating prototype Kaimei in the Sea of
Japan. The vessel powered 9 generators on board. These were mounted above lengthwise
chambers open to the sea at the bottom. Wave action caused the internal water levels to rise and
fall, forcing an alternating airflow that was used to drive air turbines. The main idea was first
used by Masuda (e.g. Masuda, 1985) in the !960s, to power light buoys serving as navigational
aids to shipping.
The oscillating water column (OWC) method has become very popular since the
Kaimei tests, and forms the core of a number of prototypes of current interest in Japan and
elsewhere. These include the Mighty Whale offshore floating prototype, which has been under
development at JAMSTEC since 1987. Sea-trials in this device are scheduled to begin in July
1998.

Kaimei and Mighty Whale differ from other large-scale prototypes in Japan and
elsewhere in being floating, as opposed to shore/seafloor supported, devices. Other recent largescale developments in Japan include the Caisson-type Oscillating Water Column prototype, the
Pendulor prototypes, the Constant-Pressure Manifold device, and the Water-Valve Rectifier
device.

Related Studies
The study of Shiming Wang, Linlin Jiang, Jing He, Xianzhu Ai, and Xintang for
buoyancy of the buoy was changed through lengthen and shorten hydraulic cylinder. This paper
was given the structure diagram of the buoy and introduced the control progress of the buoy. At
the second part the thrust of cylinder was adjusted. At the third part, this paper deduced the
velocity of the buoys uniform motion be using mechanical analysis. At the last part, the equation
of instantaneous acceleration and velocity starting from quiescence to uniform motion of buoy
was deduced in two parts. One was the buoy getting provision volume be instance the other was
the buoy getting provision volume gradually.
The first known patent to use energy from ocean waves dates back to 1799 and was filed
in Paris by Girard and his son. An early application of wave power was a device constructed in
1910by Bochaux-Praceique to light and power his house at Royan, near Bordeaux in France. It
appears that this was the first oscillating water-column type of wave-energy device. From 1855
to 1973, there were already 340 patents filed in the UK alone.
NOTES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation#Turbines
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_surface_wave
www.ecowavepower.com/key-features/
www.rnp.org/node/wave-tidal-energy-technology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillating_Water_Column