PAVEMENT DESIGN

CHAPTER 4
RIGID PAVEMENT

Department of Civil Engineering,

Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT

PAVEMENT DESIGN
CHAPTER 4
RIGID PAVEMENT
Department of Civil Engineering,
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT

Syllabus contents
1.
2.
3.
4.

Pavement design factors,

Design of flexible (GI and CBR method)
Design of Rigid pavements (fatigue concept)
Construction of
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Earthen,
Gravel,
WBM,
Bituminous
Cement concrete
RCC and Pre-stressed concrete roads,
Soil stabilized roads

GTU Questions
May 2016
1.

What are advantages and Disadvantages of Bituminous roads?

2.

State the procedure adopted for the construction of the Earth road.

3.

Distinguish between rigid and flexible pavement

December 2015
1.

2.

Suggest and describe suitable method of stabilization of Black-cotton soil

for road construction.
Differentiate between flexible and rigid pavements. What are the various
factors to be considered in pavement design?

May 2015
1.

Enlist the component parts of road pavement with neat sketch. Explain
each component of road pavement in detail.

GTU Questions
November 2014
1.
In the Marshall method of mix design, the coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler and bitumen
having respective specific gravities of 2.62, 2.72, 2.70 and 1.02 are mixed in the ratio of 55, 34.6,
4.8 and 5.6 percent respectively. What will be theoretical specific gravity of the mix?

June 2012
1.
Enlist the component parts of road pavement with neat sketch. Explain each component
of road pavement in detail.
2.
Write a short note on design of flexible pavement by California Bearing Ratio Method.
January 2013
1.
What are the objects of soil stabilization for road construction? How will you stabilize
black cotton soil for the road construction?
May 2013
1.
State the stepwise method of construction of gravel road.
November 2013
1.
2.

Draw the sketch of flexible pavement and rigid pavement with description of components.
Describe the step wise construction procedure of bitumen carpet road.

June 2014
1.
Explain Joint Filler and Sealer with sketches.

Rigid Pavement- Components

1.

Compacted soil subgrade ..K value

2.

Granular sub base (GSB) ..Drainage layer-Optional

3.
4.

Base course .. Dry lean concrete-DLC

CC/PQC Pavement Quality Concrete
( Design of concrete mix for flexural
strength Min. 45 Kg/cm2 for highway)

Types of Joints in CC Pavement

and Their Functions
Transverse Joints

Longitudinal
Joints
OR
Expansion Contraction Construction
Warping
Joints
Joints
Joints
Joints

Contraction Joints

Types of Joints in CC Pavement

and Their Functions

1.

2.

3.

4.

Functions
Expansion Joint : To relieve compressive
stresses due to expansion
Contraction Joints: Relieves tensile stresses,
prevent formation of irregular cracks.
Warping or Longitudinal joints: Relives
stresses due to warping
Construction Joints : May belongs any of the
above types

Types of Joints in CC Pavement

and Their Functions

Longitudinal/
Warping Joints

Construction Joints

Types of Joints in CC Pavement

and Their Functions

Expansion Joints

Factors affecting design of CC

Pavements
Factors
1. Wheel load
2. Temperature variation
3. Types of Joints and their spacing
4. Subgrade
5. Drainage Characteristics

Stresses in Rigid Pavement

1.

2.

Wheel load stressby heavy

vehicles
Warping stress.. by temperature
differential

Stresses in Rigid Pavement

Combination of stresses
The cumulative effect of the different stress
give rise to the following thee critical cases
Summer, mid-day: The critical stress is for
edge region given by
Winter, mid-day: The critical combination
of stress is for the edge region given by
Mid-nights: The critical combination of
stress is for the corner region given by

Combination of stresses
The cumulative effect of the different stress give
rise to the following thee critical cases

Summer, mid-day: The critical stress is for edge region

given by
Winter, mid-day: The critical combination of stress is for
the edge region given by
Mid-nights: The critical combination of stress is for the
corner region given by

Stresses in Rigid Pavement

1.

Critical position of loading

Wheel load stresses - Westergaard's stress equation

The cement concrete slab is assumed to be homogeneous and to have uniform elastic
properties with vertical sub-grade reaction being proportional to the deflection.
Westergaard developed relationships for the stress at interior, edge and corner regions,
denoted as
in kg/cm
respectively and given by the equation 1-3.
(
1
2
3
)

Stresses in Rigid pavement

TEMPERATURE
Combination
STRESS
Highest
of
or
stress
stress
WARPING STRESS

LOCATION
OF
STRESS

LOAD
STRESS

Interior

Low

High

L+H

Moderate

Moderate

M +M

High

Low

H+L

Edge

Corner

M+M

Load stress in Rigid pavement

Interior --- =

0.316
2

4 10

+ 1.069

0.572
2

10

+ 0.359

Edge --

Corner----

3
2

0.6

Temperature or Warping stress in

Rigid pavement

RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN FATIGUE

CONCEPT

Points to be considered
Repeated application of different magnitudes of
axle loads
2. Fatigue effect on Rigid pavement
PROCEDURES ADOPTED.
(A)
Select trial thickness considering design
load and temperature differentials.
(B)
The loads causing stress ratios 0.45
considered safe against fatigue failure
1.

< 0.45

Example of Slab Thickness Design

A cement concrete pavement is to be designed for a two lane
two way National Highway In Karnataka state. The total two
way traffic is 3000 commercial vehicles per day at the end of
the construction period. The design parameters are :
Flexural strength of cement concrete

Effective modulus of subgrade reaction of the DLC

sub-base
Elastic Modulus of Concrete
Poissons ration
Coefficient of thermal coefficient of concrete
Tyre pressure
Rate of traffic increase
Spacing of contraction joints
Width of slab

45 Kg/cm 2
8 kg/cm 3
3 x 105 kg/cm 2
0.15
10 x 10-6 / oC
8 kg/Cm 2
0.075
4.5 m
3.5 m

The axle load spectrum obtained from axle load survey is given in the following

Data of axle load survey

Solution .. Step -1

Step 1 ..Calculate Design Traffic

Step -2 Distribution of axles

STEP 3 : Design Inputs

STEP 4 : Calculation of Fatigue life Consumed

Design
Considerations