Running head: NUTRITION AND DISEASE PREVENTION

Nutrition and Disease Prevention in the Workplace

By Aminah Haque
Dr. Hesse
PPE 310
Arizona State University

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Introduction
I have heard it said that success is 90% mental and 10% physical, and it turns out, that in
fact may be true. Studies point to the fact that while nutrition and exercise changes will
positively impact overall health, attitude adjustments are both easier to change and more lasting
and effective (Parzefall, & Hakanen, 2010). Workplaces can promote productivity and profit by
investing in the health and wellbeing of employees, considering physical health, disease
prevention, emotional/social health and mental wellbeing. Nutrition and disease management
programs are an effective, cost-efficient method to promoting employee health and improving
the relationship between employee and the company. Education programs, support groups,
programs to implement change through worker engagement, and policy as well as specialty
groups improve employee affinity to the company and overall happiness and health. In short, it
is in everyones best interest to consider and be concerned from employee health and to analyze
and look for ways to implement positive change.
General Nutrition and Disease Prevention not only improves company efficiency and
worker health, but it simultaneously promotes community and family health. Promoting
Vaccination, Healthy Nutritional Choices, Providing Health Education and Providing Access to
the tools necessary to make healthier choices all promote a better general understanding of health
and create an environment that is conducive to improvement of well-being. Because I have
recently become a mother, I want to further highlight the importance of prenatal and postnatal
nutrition and exercise. To act as a change agent, I want to promote health for pregnant and
postpartum employees by starting a support group. This group will provide emotional support
for continuation of lactation or personal choices regarding lactation, access to lactation
consultation, information about nutrition during pregnancy and advocational support for working

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mothers. Not only will I promote programs and advocate for changes that make general
employee health easier to access, I will focus on prenatal and postnatal care, thereby further
influencing an improvement to community health.
Literature Review: Nutrition and Disease Prevention
Nutrition affects how the body functions, how efficiently the brain acts, and how an
individual feels. Moreover, nutrition may be related more strongly to healthfulness due to the
benefits on the other aspects of wellbeing, such as cognitive benefits, optimism, physical health,
and healthy aging. Disease can be prevented or present with mitigated effects if proper nutrition
is consumed, as this can heighten antibodies preventing colds and sickness and aid an
individuals body in fighting viruses and infections as well.
Literature

Nutrition can have lasting effects on overall health. Evidenced by the increasing
prevalence of diet-related chronic disease (Ha & Caine-Bish, 2011), small changes in diet can
have positive impacts on overall health. Because a small change in diet may be able to prevent
disease, Ha & Caine-Bish (2011) sought to determine if a nutrition class would increase the
consumption of whole grains by college students. The methods of this study followed college
students and recorded their diets before and after the nutritional education course. The nutrition
education included a one-on-one consultation with a study investigator to discuss current intake
of whole grains, a course with lectures, interactive feedback and hands-on activities focusing on
environmental, genetic and cognitive and individual behaviors. Results indicated that 49% of
participants consumed whole grains before the course and 80% of participants consumed whole
grains after taking the course.

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The authors of this study sought to discover the impact of nutritional health, particularly
proper calcium intake, on chronic disease prevention as well as its effect on cancer prevention
(Yang et al, 2016). The research method was conducted on 132,000 participants and followed
these participants over several years, initially recording calcium levels and which type of calcium
was consumed (supplements, dietary intake, etc.). Results indicate that calcium intake has little
effect on mortality in men, but has significant impacts for women in prolonging life through
disease prevention. Concluding that for men, supplemental calcium in fact increased the risk of
cardiovascular disease, the study found that in women, total calcium intake as well as calcium
supplementation were linked to lower mortality rates (Yang et al, 2016).
This study sought to discover the links between breastfeeding in infancy and adult levels
of body fatness. A sample of 73 infants participated in a 20-year study that gathered information
about intake levels of breastmilk at 10 months and 2 years. Twenty years later, these infants
were assessed for weight, height and subscapular skinfold thickness and fat mass. 64% of
children had been breastfed and those individuals had significantly lower percentages of skinfold
fat (Peneau, Hercberg & Rolland-Cachera, 2014). In short, the study concludes that early
nutrition needs must be considered when examining the long-term health effects of breastfeeding
(Peneau, Hercberg & Rolland-Cachera, 2014).
There has been research that finds connections between hypertension, hyperlipidemia and
diabetes and food insecurity, but this study wanted to focus particularly on the adverse health
effects experienced by the adult population. To answer this question, researchers requested a
population sample of low-income households fill out a survey and underwent a standard physical
examination with laboratory tests. The results of the study find that high blood pressure and
diabetes are associated with food insecurity in adults, regardless of body mass index. To combat

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these associations, food vouchers for fresh produce were distributed, and roughly 90% of those
vouchers were utilized (Seligman, Laraia & Kushel, 2010).
Discussion
These articles point to the connection between nutrition, physical health and disease
prevention. From this data, one nutrient, such as calcium, can clearly have an impact on overall
health. Healthfulness centers around a balance between the vitamins and nutrients consumed
from foods to promote peak physical condition of the body, which in turn, promotes health and
prevents disease. Interestingly, one mineral can impact even chronic diseases such as cardiac
disease and cancer, and nutrition seems to have a cumulative effect as higher quality nutrition in
infancy can be directly related to adult health levels. Finally, it is important to note that some
instances of improper nutrition are created by the environment, demonstrating the holistic nature
of health and nutrition. Because individuals suffering food insecurity have higher instances of
obesity and overweight, they also tend to have higher chronic disease rates, such as diabetes and
high blood pressure, both chronic diseases linked to dietary intake. It may be clich to say that
if you take care of your body, itll take care of you, however, it seems the adage is indeed true.
Taking care of nutritional health promotes physical well-being, which in turn promotes
healthfulness and prevents disease.
Synthesis of Information
Although each article had a different theme, the overwhelming similarity involves the
comprehensive and cumulative nature of nutrition on healthfulness, and the importance of
healthfulness in preventing disease. Through an amalgamation of the data and research
presented in the literature review, it can be concluded that health promotes disease prevention,
and that proper nutrition contributes to health. This connection between disease prevention and

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accumulative health factors evidence the need for nutrition and disease prevention programs in
the workplace, and highlight the importance of the special program targeting the nutrition of
pregnant and breastfeeding women.
According to Ha & Caine-Bish (2011), a one-on-one assessment combined with an
interactive nutritional education program can improve awareness of the health benefits of a
healthy diet and promote healthy lifestyle changes. The program focused on the intake of whole
grains in the diet, and educated the participants of the health benefits of adequate consumption of
whole grains. Calcium intake is also positively related to chronic disease prevention including
cardiac disease and cancer, however, this relationship is only evidenced in research for women
(Yang et al, 2016). Adequate nutrition, even in infancy and early childhood have been shown to
decrease the prevalence of overweight in adulthood (Peneau, Hercberg &Rolland-Cachera,
2014), highlighting the cumulative effect of nutrition. Further showcasing the comprehensive,
multi-dimensional nature of health, food insecurity has been linked to a higher prevalence of
chronic disease such as diabetes and high blood pressure (Seligman, Laraia & Kushel, 2010). In
Ensuring that those who live in lower socioeconomic status environments have access to fresh
fruits and vegetables is a way to combat the negative impact financial duress can have on health.
When pregnant women were offered vouchers for fresh produce, nearly 90% of those vouchers
were utilized (Seligman, Laraia & Kushel, 2010), indicating that providing more access to fresh
produce is a way that chronic disease can be mitigated in this population.
Considering the articles in combination, it can be concluded that nutrition is multi-faceted
and complex, cumulative and impacted by small decisions over time, and malleable when
education and implementation of proper dietary intake are instilled. These three factors,
complexity, changeability and cumulation provide hope engagement and a pathway to greater

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success in the workplace. Implementing nutrition and disease prevention programs in the
workplace provide education that increases awareness and provides the tools for the
implementation of change. The research indicates that positive changes can be made by ensuring
that nutritional balance is considered (Ha & Caine-Bish, 2011) (Yang et al, 2016), and that
changes can have impact on overall health over time (Peneau, Hercberg & Rolland-Cachera,
2014) (Seligman, Laraia & Kushel, 2010). Ensuring access to healthy foods provides the tools
for improving nutrition (Seligman, Laraia & Kushel, 2010) and particularly focusing on pregnant
and breastfeeding womens nutrition enhances the health of these women and the children they
raise (Peneau, Hercberg & Rolland-Cachera, 2014). Educating colleagues about health benefits
empowers and engages them in the challenging task of improving healthfulness, and the research
showing that change is possible motivates them through the channel of hope that they can
improve their overall health. Having healthier, engaged and motivated workers improves their
ability in the workplace, and the improved optimism and engagement give them the tools to
apply these tactics to their job performance and career goals.
As stated previously, my special focus group in the workplace is a support group for
breastfeeding and pregnant women. This support group will focus on proper nutrition and
emotional support for mothers and expectant mothers, providing specialized support that only a
person in that situation can fully understand. Lactation consultants and nutritionists will be
asked to provide informative presentations, and resources that will help women meet their
nutritional goals during and after pregnancy (USDA, 2016) will be made available to the group
(Mangels, 2012). The research is clear: food insecurity is linked to higher rates of chronic
disease, and proper nutrition in infancy and early childhood results in lower rates of overweight

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and obesity in adulthood, further mitigating chronic disease associated with those conditions (Ha
& Caine-Bish, 2011) (Peneau, Hercberg & Rolland-Cachera, 2014).
Practical Implication
Nutrition and Disease Prevention in the workplace are integral to
improving the health and well-being of employees, improving the quality of
work produced and improving company satisfaction at all levels. While I
intend to volunteer to help motivate coworkers to get yearly flu vaccines,
promote general nutritional health of coworkers through fliers, posters and
word-of-mouth, the cornerstone of my nutrition and disease prevention
program is the support group for pregnant and post-partum nutrition. I
recently had my first child, and I met unexpected challenges during and
after pregnancy that would have been easier to overcome if I had support
and education. I am a chronically optimistic person, almost to a fault, so it
was the last thing in the world I expected when post-partum depression set
in. It was lonely, and difficult and perhaps could have been mitigated and
shortened with support and education. For this reason, I am starting an
advocacy group for nutrition during and after pregnancy. I work remotely
from home, so team meetings are conducted via online conferencing, and I
have followed suit and scheduled the meetings in this format.
Marketing
A sample of promotional materials created by Aminah and located
from other sources can be viewed in Appendix A. These materials will be
emailed out to members and posted on company employee blog sites. These

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visual aids promote nutritional, social and emotional health, and promoting
these health categories improve company productivity. Healthier, happier
and more optimistic employees are more productive, loyal employees
(Overbek, 2015) that seek to improve their performance and improve
company product.

Funding
A large part of our funding is provided by volunteer work and we will
work with nonprofit organizations, such as Women, Infants and Children
(WIC) which provides nutritional education and assistance to mothers and
young children in need. This promotes social health through community
involvement and nutritional health by ensuring that nutritional needs can be
met. For the minimal amount of funding needed, we will hold a waddle-athon (walk-a-thon for pregnant ladies) and record the action on video. We
will ask for pledges as we ladies waddle or walk toward the finish line. The
waddle-a-thon promote physical health by promoting exercise and social
health through involvement in a community event to benefit a charity.
Because we are all located remotely, the waddle-a-thon will be video-taped,
and pedometers are required to provide evidence of the distance waddled
or walked. The program is in large part self-funded, creating a low-cost
benefit for employees from the company perspective. Additionally, providing
this program through work enhances the present understanding by
employees that the company cares about their health and wellbeing.

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Committee
Part of the comprehensive nutrition and disease prevention program
includes a wellness committee with members who oversee the separate
parts of the program. This promotes intellectual health, as the individual
chairs are responsible for their respective duties, which interest them and
can include their areas of interest in presiding over this position. These
roles provide opportunities for employees to show initiative and managerial
skills, providing a pool of possible candidates for promotion. Social health
is also promoted as these individuals are working to benefit others. The
Disease Prevention chair oversees promoting flu vaccines and healthy tips
to ward off disease in cold and flu season. Disease prevention is a type of
nutritional and physical health promotion, and this chair will be involved
with employee health assessment, a crucial component of health programs
(ODonnell, 2002) (Jamner & Stokols, 2001). Just as promoting optimism
and motivation are beneficial to the company bottom line, promoting health
and wellness through vaccination programs and annual physical health
assessments ensures the company that employees are in their best
condition to perform their duties. This initial cost to the employer for
vaccination reimbursement (already practiced) and annual health
assessment is dwindled by the potential savings in health care costs for
employees and the diminished work time missed due to illness. The physical
fitness member is also partially responsible for the chronic disease that can
be avoided by healthier lifestyle choices and works in collaboration with the

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other two members, the nutrition and physical fitness chairs. These two
chairs each are responsible for the chronic disease prevention in addition to
their respective areas of healthier food choices and exercise incorporation.
Finally, there is a chair for the Pregnancy and Post-partum health support
group, which I intend to lead. These four committee members can add an
additional chair if they feel the workload for their respective area is too
great.
Stakeholders in the benefits of this committee include the company at
large, because a company built on healthier employees is a company based
on happier employees. This improves the overall productivity of the
company. Other stakeholders include the employees, as they are happier
and healthier on an individual level. Finally, the community at large
benefits as there are a greater number of healthier members and healthier
initiatives that benefit the community as a whole will be started by the
committee.
Collaborations between the company and the community include
opportunities for guest speakers from the community to give helpful
education at meetings, initiatives started by the committee that benefit the
community, such as walk-a-thons. This collaboration improves company
standing within the community, and customers feel better buying products
from conscientious companies. This generates more sales and creates
promoters who become life-long customers and support the company
through product purchase and company fidelity.

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Educational Components
One of the collaboration opportunities mentioned include guest
speakers at meetings presenting about nutrition, vaccination, community
resources and exercise regimens. Additionally, fliers, posters and
informational material will be posted in public information forums available
to all employees. Invitations and promotional material will also be sent by
email to interested employees. The components affect intellectual health,
as learning occurs, social health because of community involvement and
emotional and nutritional health which will be topics discussed. Enhancing
employee education in any domain improves on-task time by improving
engagement and motivation. These improvements again augment
productivity.
Engagement
Employee engagement in the wellness program will be encouraged by
awards and recognition for success. Additionally, a support group will help
ensure that participants have a chain of support to express concerns and
collaborate with to achieve success (Boyes, 2015). The committee members
and group volunteers will serve as a sounding board that will be available to
any member who needs to speak with a supportive colleague.
Recognition for goal achievement will be given in certificates or
commendations, depending on individual preferences. Friendly
competitions will be encouraged and prizes will be given to promote
motivation (APA, 2016). These components promote social health due to

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friendly competition, emotional health (Salovey & Mayer, 1990) through the
support group hotline and nutritional and physical health as these are the
types of goals individuals may pursue and for which they may be
recognized. These rewards and recognition techniques cost the company
very little in terms of fiduciary support, and providing minimal time while at
work to participate in these programs returns increased productivity and
overall company benefit.
Recognition
The health and wellness committee will enhance the healthconsciousness of the company, promote higher levels of health and increase
collaboration between colleagues. The recognition of the importance and
benefits of healthfulness will be increased and overall health will be
improved as a result. As mentioned, attitude is much easier to change than
habits, and this attitudinal change will promote habit-change and increase
positivity (Overbek, 2015). Promoting positivity or hope that change is
possible is exactly the realization that needs to occur to affect lasting
positive change. Completing the beneficial circle is that better health
results from this change in attitude, and when people become healthier,
they feel even more optimistic. Affecting change that starts with a few
employees will spread and motivate more members to join the support
groups and increase the physical fitness, mental well-being and nutritional
health of even more employees. This category affects social health due to
community benefit, and emotional, physical and nutritional health through

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the program implementation. Promoting this engagement additionally

improves employee motivation towards vocational goals such as job
promotion or pay increase, resulting in harder-working employees
motivated to improve company efficiency, productivity and product quality.
Modifications and Accommodations
For members who are unable to participate as their colleagues, there
will be exceptions/accommodations provided to allow these members to
actively participate in the committee or support group. Advocating for
necessary assistive technology to promote communication, mobility or
vocational duty completion will be performed and overseen by the
committee. No employee will feel unwelcome or left out, and for employees
with disabilities, they will feel empowered rather than have their choices
made for them. Because meetings happen remotely, there is no
accommodation needed, unless the individual needs help or assistive
technology to use the computer or communicate. For example, if a member
cannot communicate vocally, chat options will be made available by using a
software that can incorporate both speech and chat features. Walk-a-thons
will allow members who use a wheel chair to participate in a traditional or
motorized wheelchair as they deem necessary or appropriate. The
pregnancy and post-partum support group will individualize nutrition needs
for each member, including those with disabilities, and a nutritionist or
dietician will aid in creating these nutrition plans. These are a few
examples, however, in any domain of the health and wellness program, an

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individual who needs accommodation will be included to the full extent

possible while respecting the autonomy of the individual.
Discussion
Working remotely includes unique challenges to socializing with
colleagues and collaborating for joint success. Through this program,
remote employees will feel more connected to the company and colleagues,
thus promoting cohesion and cooperation. Employees will feel more valued
and respected and the company will enjoy the benefits of happier, healthier
employees. This company is so proactive in including employee
participation and appreciating unique contributions from individuals, that I
am quite certain my plan will be taken seriously and approved or added to
the existing wellness plan. Health and wellness are possible for any person
in any setting and remote employees sometimes feel secluded. The
company does a great job of promoting a sense of community, especially in
the extensive training period, however, this plan will enhance and build that
sense of community while promoting individual health and wellness.
Conclusion
The program outlined in this paper will improve the health and wellness of the company
through disease prevention and nutrition enhancement, utilizing the holistic nature of health to
improve other health areas through a target approach on this domain. Based on the literature
basic nutritional education can improve the health and nutritional intake of learners, and ensuring
that vitamins and nutrients are balanced improves nutritional health while simultaneously
decreasing the prevalence and likelihood of chronic disease. For example, ensuring adequate

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calcium intake in women has reduced mortality from chronic disease often associated with
obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, ensuring adequate nutritional intake wards off chronic
disease and ensuring that nutrition is balanced in early life can help prevent obesity and
overweight in later life. This information highlights the importance of disease prevention and
nutrition education programs in the workplace and emphasizes the importance of the support
group focusing on pregnant and post-partum health and nutrition. Implementing this program
through the committee described above, the entire company will benefit in terms of health and
wellness level, the community will benefit, and more importantly, employees will benefit as
individuals. Targeting health and wellness holistically includes the separate domains of health
and improving even one health area improves overall health. For this reason, the entire program
will address physical, nutritional, emotional, intellectual, social and spiritual health, as outlined
above.
The future of the program will continue to benefit overall company health and promote
employee wellness by continuing to focus on nutrition and disease prevention and expanding the
program to fit the needs of the growing employee population. The successful integration of this
program in team meetings will show a marked improvement in employee health, evidenced by
the annual exams employees undergo. Furthermore, the rewards and recognition meted out to
individuals for goal accomplishment will be steady or increasing, and the pregnant and postpartum support group will grow in the number of members. In three years time, the support
group numbers will remain relatively steady, and the support offered from other specialty groups
and individuals will spread. The annual waddle-a-thon will be a well-known event that will
bring in the needed donations to support the size of the program and allow the support group to
focus on a special project annually. This may include support of a specific charity, medical bill

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support for a member in need, or other such projects, as chosen by the support group and
committee chairs. In five years time, this project will be spread through the entire company
network to other campuses, and this transition will be facilitated by the fact that most
involvement takes place online. The support group members will be from multiple campuses
and fundraising will continue to increase to allow the group to bring in the necessary expert
consultants, fund other nutrition and disease prevention projects and promote company health
and wellness in various innovative ways.
As the program continues to grow and evolve over the course of years, the community
and company health will be improved as a whole. Marked improvement in community health
will be observable through employee annual health assessments, increased optimism and
motivation among employees and decreased stress and chronic disease heavily influenced by
nutrition. The program benefits will spread to the community via the employees, then their
families and friends, and the friends of families of those community members, and so on. The
potential for health benefits as a result of this program are limitless and the cumulative
community benefit will be manifest.

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Appendix A

Take
your
vitamin
s!

You're eating
for two now,
right?...Think
again!

Dont forget
to exercise
Eat
righ
t!

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Healthy Pregnancies and Mothers

A support Group for Pregnant and Post-Partum H

Contact Info:
Coordinator: Aminah Haque
Email:
Jabber Contact: ahaque@******.im.apple.com

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Ha, E. & Caine-Bish, N. (2011). Interactive introductory nutrition course focusing on disease
prevention increased whole-grain consumption by college students. Journal of Nutrition
Education and Behavior. 43(3). Pp 263-267. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2010.02.008
Jamner, M. S. & Stokols, D. (2001). Promoting human wellness: New
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docID=10053516
Mangels, R. (2012). Whats new with WIC? Vegetarian Journal (31)1 pp 25. Retrieved from:
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Yang, B., Campbell, P., Gapstur, S., Jacobs, E., Bostick, R., Fedirko, V., Flanders, W. &
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