Cost Studies Calculation

COST STUDIES
This chapter combines topics on cost planning, cost control and

building morphology. The problems and solutions emphasis more on
the calculation aspects of the topics.
A. Tuan ABC wishes to build a three-storey office building in Shah Alam,

Selangor at the end of 2012. Using the following information, calculate the
total cost of the project and the cost/m2 of GFA.
Analysed building :
Total cost of building
RM 552,500.00 (excluding external works,

preliminaries and building services)
GFA
650 m2
Tender date
2008
Based index
243
GFA
750 m2
Tender date
2011
Current index
251
External works
15% of building cost
Preliminaries
3% of total construction cost
Contingencies
5%
Proposed building :
Building services installation comprising :

Electrical installation
RM 70,000.00
Sanitary fitting and plumbing
RM 30,000.00
Fire protection
RM 15,000.00
Air conditioning & ventilation
RM 50,000.00
Total cost of analysed building = 552,500.00
Total cost
GFA
Cost/m2 of analysed building =

=
552,500.00
650
= RM 850.00
Proposedindex
x cost/m2
GFA
251
x 850.00
243
New cost/m2
= RM 877.98
A Total cost of proposed building

= Cost/m2 x GFA
= 877.98 x 750 m2
B Building services
658,485.00
165,000.00
823,485.00
C External works @ 15% (of A + B)
123,522.75
947,007.75
D Preliminaries @ 3% (of A + B + C)
28,410.23
975,417.98
E Contingencies @ 5% (of A + B + C + D)
Total construction cost
Cost/m2 of GFA =
1,024,188.88
750
48,770.90
1,024,188.88
1,365.59
B. The following table shows the Tender Price Index for government project
from 2004 to 2007. Use this index to estimate :
The total cost, and
Percentage of price change of the following building :
i.
A two-storey academic block comprising 15 classrooms constructed in the

second half of 2006. The average cost per classroom in the first half of 2004
was RM 60,000.00.
ii. A block of school administrative building with total gross floor area of
1,500m2 to be constructed in the first half of 2007. The average cost/m2 of a
similar building constructed in the first half of 2005 was RM 750.00.
Tender Price Index from year 2004 to 2007 (Question head)

Year
Tender Price Index
1/2004
243.69
2/2004
288.59
1/2005
312.09
2/2005
312.56
1/2006
393.64
2/2006
412.62
1/2007
415.44
Source : Kos Purata Semeter Persegi Kerja-Kerja Pembinaan Bangunan, 2007, JKR
(i) New cost/classroom =

=
Current index
x Analysed cost
Based index
412.62
x RM 60,000.00
243.69
= RM 101,593.00
Total cost
= New cost/classroom x Unit of accommodation

= RM 101,593.00 x 15 classroom
= RM 1,523,895.00
% Price change =
=
Current index - Based index

x 100%
Based index
412.62 243.69
x 100%
243.69
= 69.32%
(ii) New cost/m2 =

=
Current index
x Analysed cost
Based index
415.44
x RM 750.00
312.09
= RM 998.37
Total cost
= New cost/m2 x GFA

= RM 998.37 x 1,500
= RM 1,497,555.00
% Price change =
=
Current index - Based index

x 100%
Based index
415.44 312.09
x 100%
312.09
= 33.12%
C. Calculate the new total cost target for element internal wall and partition of
a proposed building to be constructed at the end of year 2012 using the
following information :
Analysed building :
GFA
= 125 m2
Element unit quantity
= 35 m2
Year completed
= 2005
Material costs :
Half brick wall
= RM 28.00/m2
19mm thick plaster
= RM 7.50/m2
Three coats paint
= RM 6.50/m2
4
Proposed building :
GFA
= 145 m2
Element unit quantity
= 45 m2
Price level is expected to increase by 10% and improvement in quality of materials

used will be 5%.
Cost/m2 (EUR) :
Half brick wall
= 28.00
Plaster both sides @ 7.50
= 15.00
Paint both sides @ 6.50
= 13.00
Total EUR
56.00
Price Adjustment
EUR
= 56.00
10% Price increase
= 5.60
New EUR
61.60
Quality Adjustment
EUR
= 61.60
5% Quality increase
= 3.08
New EUR
64.68
Quantity Adjustment
Total cost of element
= EUQ x EUR
= 45 x 64.68
= RM 2,910.60
Cost/m2 GFA

GFA
2,910.60
145
= RM 20.07
5
Conclusion
Analysed Building
Proposed Building
EUQ
35 m2
45 m2
EUR
RM56.00
RM 64.68
GFA
125 m2
145 m2
35 x 56.00 = RM 1,960.00
45 x 64.68 = RM 2,910.60
1,960.00
= RM 15.68
125
2,910.60
= RM 20.07
145

Cost/m2 GFA
20.07 15.68
x 100%
15.68
% Difference
= 28% higher than analysed

building
D. Calculate the new total cost target for element internal wall finishes of the
following building.
Analysed Building
Proposed Building
EUQ
350 m2
359 m2
EUR
RM 45.45
RM 56.81
GFA
415 m2
450 m2
Index
182
175
Change of cost/m2 of wall finishes from
RM 7.50 to RM 9.75.
Price Adjustment
New EUR
Proposed Index
x EUR (Analysed)
Analysed Index
175
x 45.45
182
= RM 43.70
Quality Adjustment
Change of wall finishes from RM 7.50/m2 to RM 9.75/m2
% Change of quality =
9.75 7.50
x 100%
7.50
= 30%
Therefore, new EUR :

New EUR
= 43.70
30% Quality increase = 13.11

56.81
Quantity Adjustment
Total cost of element = EUQ x EUR
= 359 x 56.81
= RM 20,394.79
Cost/m2 GFA

GFA
20,394.79
450
= RM 45.32
Conclusion
Analysed Building
Proposed Building
EUQ
350 m2
359 m2
EUR
RM 45.45
RM 56.81
GFA
415 m2
450 m2
45.45 x 350 = RM 15,907.50
56.81 x 359 = RM 20,394.79
15,907.50
= RM 38.33
415
20,394.79
= RM 45.32
450

Cost/m2 GFA
% Difference
45.32 38.33
x 100%
38.33
= 18% higher than analysed

building
E. The table below shows the summary of the cost analysis of a double-storey
office building in Shah Alam, Selangor which was completed in year 2010.
You are required to prepare a new cost plan of the elements shown in the table
for a similar building to be built in Klang, Selangor at the end of 2012.
The following is the information on the proposed building :

i.
Cost indices : 2010 (185) and 2012 (245)
ii. Gross Floor Area = 515 m2

iii. Quality of finishes to be improved by 10%
Summary of cost analysis :
Gross Floor Area = 450 m2
Date : 2010
Total Cost of Element
Cost/m2 GFA
(RM)
(RM)
SUBSTRUCTURE
1A
Piling
1B
Work below lowest floor finish
65,589.30
145.75
GROUP ELEMENT TOTAL
65,589.30
145.75
SUPERSTRUCTURE
2A
Frame
2B
Upper floor
2C
Roof
100.69
2D
Stairs
16.87
2E
External walls
19.46
2F
Windows
55.51
2G
Internal walls & partitions
28.13
2H
Doors
24.44
GROUP ELEMENT TOTAL
100.75
36.84
172,215.49
382.70
FINISHES
55,234.56
122.74
FITTINGS & FURNISHING
45,000.00
100.00
EXTERNAL WORKS
60,275.42
133.95
PRELIMINARIES
25,832.32
57.41
424,147.10
942.55
TOTAL
Example of calculation :
Figures in the table need to be adjusted to accommodate changes in time (price),
quality and quantity. On the next page are examples of the methods of adjustment for
two elements. All elements involve the adjustment on time and quantity except for
element Finishes (time, quality and quantity).
i.
Work Below Lowest Floor Finish

New Cost/m2
Proposed Index
x Cost/m2 (Analysed)
Analysed Index
245
x 145.75
185
= RM 193.03
Total cost of element = GFA x New Cost/m2
= 515 x 193.03
= RM 99,408.17
ii. Finishes
New Cost/m2
Proposed Index
x Cost/m2 (Analysed)
Analysed Index
245
x 122.74
185
= RM 162.55
New Cost/m2
= 162.55
10% Quality increase
= 16.26
New Cost/m2
178.81
Total cost of element = GFA x New Cost/m2

= 515 x 178.81
= RM 92,085.80
9
Summary of cost analysis for the proposed building :
Gross Floor Area = 515 m2
Date : 2012
Total Cost of Element
Cost/m2 GFA
(RM)
(RM)
SUBSTRUCTURE
1A
Piling
1B
Work below lowest floor finish
99,408.17
193.03
GROUP ELEMENT TOTAL
99,408.17
193.03
SUPERSTRUCTURE
2A
Frame
2B
Upper floor
2C
Roof
133.35
2D
Stairs
22.34
2E
External walls
25.77
2F
Windows
73.52
2G
Internal walls & partitions
37.25
2H
Doors
32.37
GROUP ELEMENT TOTAL
133.43
48.79
261,012.49
506.82
FINISHES
178.81
FITTINGS & FURNISHING
132.43
EXTERNAL WORKS
177.39
PRELIMINARIES
TOTAL
76.02
651,215.40
1,264.50
The new total cost of the building is RM 651,215.40 or RM 1,264.50/m2 of GFA.
10
F. The following is an abstract of a cost analysis for a single-storey guardhouse

with a GFA of 300 m2.
Element
Total cost
Cost/m2 GFA
EUQ
EUR
(RM)
(RM)
(m2)
(RM)
WBLFF
15,000.00
50.00
300
50.00
Frame
14,000.00
46.67
300
50.00
Roof
13,500.00
45.00
310
43.55
External walls
10,350.00
34.50
240
43.13
600.00
2.00
150.00
Doors
Prepare a new cost analysis for a proposed guardhouse based on the drawing and
information provided in the above analysis.
Cost data :
i.
Tender price index for a analysed building - 185
ii. Current index - 230

iii. WBLFF - similar to analysed building
iv. Frame - change from concrete frame to steel structure. Current cost of steel
structure is RM 85.00/m2
v.
External walls - reduction in quality, costing 10% less
vi. Roof - change to better specification of roof covering costing 15% more
vii. Door - similar to analysed building
Floor to ceiling height, 3.50 m
PLAN
25 m
Door size, 0.90 x 2.10 m

15 m
Window size, 1.80 x 1.20 m @ 2 No.

Eaves overhang, 600 mm
FRONT ELEVATION
Thickness of wall, 115 mm

All dimensions are from internal face of
external wall.
PROPOSED NEW GUARDHOUSE

New GFA = 25 x 15 = 375m2
11
Element : WBLFF
i.
Price adjustment (EUR) =
RM
Current index
x EUR
Analysed index
230
x 50.00
185
ii.
Quality adjustment
No adjustment
iii.
Quantity adjustment (EUQ)
25 x 15
iv.
Total cost of element = EUR x EUQ
62.16 x 375 m2
v.
Cost/m2 GFA =

GFA
62.16
375 m2
23,310.00
23,310.00
375
62.16
Element : FRAME
RM
i.
Price adjustment (EUR)
Current cost of steel
ii.
Quality adjustment
Change from concrete

to steel structure
iii.
25 x 15
iv.
85.00 x 375 m2
v.
Cost/m2 GFA =

GFA
375 m2
31,875.00
31,875.00
375
85.00
Element : ROOF
i.
ii.
85.00
RM
Current index
x EUR
Analysed index
Quality adjustment
230
x 43.55
185
54.14
Increase 15%
62.26
54.14 + (54.14 x 15%)

iii.
Length
375 m2
25.00
Add
wall 2/0.115
oh 2/0.60
1.43
26.43
12
Width
15.00
Add
wall 2/0.115
eaves 2/0.60
1.43
16.43
26.43 x 16.43
= 434.24
iv.
v.

Cost/m2 GFA =
62.26 x 434 m2

GFA
27,020.84
27,020.84
375
72.06
Element : EXTERNAL WALLS

i.
ii.
Current index
x EUR
Analysed index
Quality adjustment
RM
230
x 43.13
185
53.62
Decrease 10%
48.26
53.62 - (53.62 x 10%)

iii
.
277 m2
Length
25.00
Add
wall 2/0.115
0.23
25.23
Width
15.00
Add
wall 2/0.115
0.23
15.23
13
Total area
(25.23 + 15.23)2 x 3.50
= 283.22
Ddt
Door 0.90 x 2.10
1.89
Wdw 2(1.80 x 1.20)
4.32
277.01
iv
.
v.
Cost/m2 GFA =

GFA
48.26 x 277 m2
13,368.02
375
Element : DOORS
i.
Current index
x EUR
Analysed index
230
x 150.00
185
Quality adjustment
No adjustment
iii.
0.90 x 2.10 = 1.89
iv.
186.49 x 2 m2
Cost/m2 GFA =
35.65
RM
ii.
v.
13,368.02

GFA
372.98
375
186.49
2 m2
372.98
0.99
14
Summary of findings for the proposed building :

GFA = 375 m2
Element
Total cost
Cost/m2 GFA
EUQ
EUR
(RM)
(RM)
(m2)
(RM)
WBLFF
23,310.00
62.16
375
62.16
Frame
31,875.00
85.00
375
85.00
Roof
27,020.84
72.06
434
62.26
External walls
13,368.02
35.65
277
48.26
372.98
0.99
186.49
Doors
G. The table below shows the building elements abstracted from an Elemental
Cost Analysis (ECA) of an eight-storey office building in the state of Pahang,
tendered in 2010. The quantity surveyor had used the ECA as the main
source of reference to prepare a cost plan for a proposed six-storey office
building in Negeri Sembilan scheduled to be tendered out in the year 2012.
Element
Cost of
Element
Cost of
Element/m2 GFA
Element Unit
Quantity
Element Unit
Rate
(RM)
(RM)
(m2)
(RM)
WBLFF
170,400.00
71.00
500
340.80
Frame
408,000.00
170.00
2,400
170.00
Roof
135,600.00
56.50
520
260.77
External Walls
220,200.00
91.75
6,300
34.95
Internal Walls
135,141.00
56.31
4,000
33.79
Windows
42,000.00
17.50
300
140.00
45,000.00
18.75
1,800
25.00
50,000.00
20.83
Internal
Finishes
Floor
M & E services
Calculate the new elemental cost targets to be inserted in the cost plan based on the
information given below :
i.
The tender price index for the proposed building is 312.50, the location index is
1.0918 compared with the analysed building which are 291.15 and 1.0477
respectively.
15
ii. There is a decrease in the storey height of the proposed building from 3.50m to
3.20m compared with the analysed building.
iii. Changes in the roof design for the proposed building from flat roof to pitch roof
by using steel structure. The following are the composite rates involved :
a) Roof structure
: RM 350.00/m2
b) Roof finishes
: RM 70.00/m2 (including insulation layer)
c) Roof drainage
: 15% of the cost of roof structure and finishes
iv. Shortage of clay bricks necessitates the use of cement and sand bricks. The
current cost of cement and sand brick wall is RM 70.00/m2.
v.
Mild steel frame for windows is anticipated instead of anodised aluminum frame
that was used in the cost analysis. A saving of 15% is expected from the changes.
vi. Improved specification for internal floor finishes as two (2) floors are to be
occupied by the owner. The analysed building used cement render and ceramic
tiles for wet area.
a) The improvements for the two (2) floors are as follows :
Allow carpet - 40% (for managing directors room and meeting room)
Ceramic tiles for other areas (including wet area)
b) The remaining floors used cement render.
c) Given current costs :
Carpet
: RM 210.00/m2
Ceramic Tiles
: RM 80.00/m2
Cement Render : RM 10.00/m2

vii. No changes in the specification for WBLFF & Frame.
viii. A provision of RM 85,000.00 is to be included as P.C. sums for the M & E
services.
It is assumed that the proposed building is of similar shape and floor plan as the
analysed building.
As the proposed building is only six-storey, overall adjustments on GFA and loading
should be made. This is calculated by using the Proportion Method :
i.
The GFA of the Proposed Building

GFA (Proposed) = GFA (Analysed) x (6/8)
= 2,400 x (6/8)
= 1,800 m2
16
ii. Loading adjustment

Decrease in storey height from 3.50m to 3.20m
=
(6 x 3.20m) - (8 x 3.50m)
x 100%
(8 x 3.50m)
= - 31.42%
= Assume, 30% (any figure less than 31% is acceptable).
Element : WBLFF
1

Price index adjustment
Current index
x EUR
Analysed index
312.50
x 340.80
291.15
365.79
Location index adjustment
Current location index
x EUR
Analysed location index
1.0918
x 365.79
1.0477
381.19
Less loading adjustment
381.19 x -30%
266.83
114.36
Quality adjustment
None
Assume similar shape and plan
500 m2
Total cost of element EUR x EUQ
266.83 x 500
Cost of element/m2 of GFA

GFA
133,415.00
1,800
133,415.00
74.12
17
Element : FRAME
1

Current index
x EUR
Analysed index
312.50
x 170.00
291.15
182.47
x EUR
1.0918
x 182.47
1.0477
190.15
190.15 x -30%
133.10
57.04
Quality adjustment
None
EUQ frame = GFA proposed
1,800 m2
133.10 x 1,800

GFA
239,584.57
239,584.57
1,800
133.10
Element : ROOF
1

Current rate - Roof structure
350.00
- Roof finishes
70.00
420.00
None
None
Quality adjustment
15% x 420.00
420.00
63.00
483.00
Assume similar shape and plan, 520 m2

EUQ remain the same
18

GFA
483.00 x 520
251,160.00
251,160.00
1,800
139.53
Element : EXTERNAL WALLS

1

New rate - Cement and sand brick
wall
Quality adjustment
70.00
None
None
70.00
None
6,300 x (6/8) x (3.2/3.5) x 1800/2400
3,240 m2
70.00 x 3,240

GFA
226,800.00
226,800.00
1,800
126.00
Element : INTERNAL WALLS

1

New rate - Cement and sand brick
wall

2
Quality adjustment
70.00
None
None
70.00
None
4,000 x (6/8) x (3.2/3.5) x 1800/2400
2,057 m2
70.00 x 2,057
143,990.00
19

143,990.00
1,800

GFA
79.99
Element : WINDOWS
1

Current index
x EUR
Analysed index
312.50
x 140.00
291.15
150.27
x EUR
1.0918
x 150.27
1.0477
156.59
None
Quality adjustment
15% x 156.59
23.49
156.59
133.10
300 x (6/8) x (3.2/3.5) x 1800/2400 154 m2

4
133.10 x 154
20,497.40
20,497.40
1,800

GFA
11.39
Element : INTERNAL FLOOR FINISHES

1

Current rate
EUR for first two floors
Carpet
40% x 210.00
84.00
Ceramic 60% x 80.00

48.00
132.00
20
Remaining four floors

Thus, EUR
10.00
2/6 x 132.00
44.00
4/6 x 10.00
6.67
50.67
None
None
Quality adjustment
None
Combined in EUR
3
50.67
50.67

1,800 x (6/8) x 1800/2400
1,013 m2
50.67 x 1,013

GFA
51,328.71
1,800
51,328.71
28.52
Element : M & E SERVICES

1
None
Quality adjustment
None
None
New cost

GFA
85,000.00
1,800
85,000.00
47.22
21
The new cost plan

Element
Cost of
Element
Cost of
Element/m2 GFA
Element Unit
Quantity
Element Unit
Rate
(RM)
(RM)
(m2)
(RM)
WBLFF
133,415.00
74.12
500
266.83
Frame
239,584.57
133.10
1,800
133.10
Roof
251,160.00
139.53
520
483.00
External walls
226,800.00
126.00
3,240
70.00
Internal walls
143,990.00
79.99
2,057
70.00
Windows
20,497.40
11.39
154
133.10
Internal Floor
Finishes
51,328.71
28.52
1,013
50.67
M
&
Services
85,000.00
47.22
Alternative way for element : Internal Floor Finishes

The adjustment can also be done by adjusting the EUQ rather than the EUR. This is
more appropriate as the changes are more to quantities. The difference in the final
figures is mainly due to rounding off processes.
Element : INTERNAL FLOOR FINISHES

1

Current rate
EUR for first two floors
Carpet
210.00
Ceramic
80.00
Cement
10.00
None
None
Quality adjustment
None
22

Area for first two floors
338 m2
1,800 x (2/8) x 1800/2400 Carpet
40% x 338m2
135
Ceramic 60% x 338m2

203
675 m2
1,800 x (4/8) x 1800/2400
Cement 675 m2
4

EUR x EUQ
First two floors
Carpet
Ceramic 135 x 210.00
28,350.00
Cement
203 x 80.00
16,200.00
675 x 10.00
6,750.00
51,300.00

GFA
51,300.00
1,800
28.50
23
H. How would the change in the number of storeys affect the construction cost
of two building with similar gross floor area? Explain factors that might be
affected due to these changes.
Assume both buildings are of similar specifications.
Building K
Building F
10.00
10.00
20.00
20.00
Plan
Plan
3.00 m
Section
3.00 m
Section
If two building have the same GFA and specifications but vary in the number of
storeys, and if the specifications are similar, then the construction cost is generally
higher for the higher building.
Refer to the following calculation :
Building K
Building F
3.00
3.00
GFA (m2)
(20 x 20) x 2 = 800
(10 x 10) x 8 = 800
Perimeter of wall (m)
(20 + 20) x 2 = 80
(10 + 10) x 2 = 40
(80 x 3) x 2 = 480
(40 x 3) x 8 = 960
No. of storeys
Storey height (m)
(at ground floor)

External wall area (m2)
The length of external wall at ground level in K is double of F or ratio 2 : 1 ;
However, the ratio is reverse for the above ground level, 1 : 2 ;
24
With higher building the cost of the following will be affected :
a.
Hoisting men, plant and materials during construction is likely to be greater;
b.
Foundation for F may likely be deeper and a more expensive type due to load
being spread over a smaller area;
c.
Upper floors are generally more expensive than ground floor not only because of
the hoisting but also because of the need for formwork and additional
reinforcement. In K half the total area is upper floor while in F it is seven to eight
floors;
d.
Frame in F is likely to be more expensive while in some cases no frame at all

may be used in K;
e.
Provision of staircases in F is likely to be increased. The total number of storey

flights would be 14 compared with K, which would have only two;
f.
Lifts will be required in F. Vertical transportation will reduce the usable floor
area;
g.
Internal layout will affect the cost of partitions, but they are likely to be greater in
K. It is seldom, however, that the increased cost of partitions will offset the large
difference in external wall cost;
h.
Other elements - doors, windows and services are likely to be affected by the
difference in total height; and
i.
Roof - though the roof in F is only 25% of K, it is unlikely that the saving on this
will completely offset the extra cost of the upper floors, as roofs are generally of
lighter construction.
25

Cost Studies Calculation

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Descrição original:

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Cost Studies Calculation

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

COST STUDIES

This chapter combines topics on cost planning, cost control and

A. Tuan ABC wishes to build a three-storey office building in Shah Alam,

RM 552,500.00 (excluding external works,

15% of building cost

3% of total construction cost

Building services installation comprising :

Sanitary fitting and plumbing

Air conditioning & ventilation

Total cost of analysed building = 552,500.00

Cost/m2 of analysed building =

A Total cost of proposed building

C External works @ 15% (of A + B)

The total cost, and

Percentage of price change of the following building :

A two-storey academic block comprising 15 classrooms constructed in the

Tender Price Index from year 2004 to 2007 (Question head)

Tender Price Index

(i) New cost/classroom =

= New cost/classroom x Unit of accommodation

Current index - Based index

(ii) New cost/m2 =

= New cost/m2 x GFA

Current index - Based index

Element unit quantity

19mm thick plaster

Three coats paint

Element unit quantity

Price level is expected to increase by 10% and improvement in quality of materials

Plaster both sides @ 7.50

Paint both sides @ 6.50

10% Price increase

Total cost of element

Total cost of element

= 28% higher than analysed

Therefore, new EUR :

30% Quality increase = 13.11

Total cost of element

45.45 x 350 = RM 15,907.50

56.81 x 359 = RM 20,394.79

Total cost of element

= 18% higher than analysed

The following is the information on the proposed building :

Cost indices : 2010 (185) and 2012 (245)

ii. Gross Floor Area = 515 m2

Summary of cost analysis :

Gross Floor Area = 450 m2

Work below lowest floor finish

GROUP ELEMENT TOTAL

Internal walls & partitions

GROUP ELEMENT TOTAL

FITTINGS & FURNISHING

Work Below Lowest Floor Finish

10% Quality increase

Total cost of element = GFA x New Cost/m2

Summary of cost analysis for the proposed building :

Gross Floor Area = 515 m2

Work below lowest floor finish

GROUP ELEMENT TOTAL

Internal walls & partitions

GROUP ELEMENT TOTAL

FITTINGS & FURNISHING

The new total cost of the building is RM 651,215.40 or RM 1,264.50/m2 of GFA.