In Spite of, Despite

and Although
in spite of, despite and although are all used to show
contrast and are used for the same meaning. The only
difference is the way they are used; the structure in which
they are used.
in spite of and despite are placed in front of a
noun or pronoun:
We had a great time in spite of the rain.
We had a great time despite the rain.
Despite studying very hard, he still didnt pass the exam.
studying is the noun form of the verb study
despite does NOT have of after it:
Despite the rough weather they still set sail. NOT, Despite
of the bad weather...
although is used in front of a subject and a verb:
We had a great time although it rained.
Although he studied very hard, he still didnt pass the
exam.
If in spite of and despite are used in front of the
phrase the fact that then they can be used with a
subject and a verb:
In spite of the fact that he studied very hard, he still didnt
pass the exam.
Despite the fact that it rained we still had a great time.
even though can be used the same way as
although. For most native speakers even though
is slightly stronger than although:
Even though we were in a terrible hotel, we had a great
time.
EXERCISE:

Use in spite of, despite or although for

these sentences:

1) ___ he was tired he drove a hundred

kilometres to the next town.
In spite of
Although

2) He enjoys his job ___ the low salary.

although
despite/in spite of

3) ___ having lived in Norway for ten years,

he never got used to the cold.
Despite/In spite of
Although

4) ___ they said construction was

complete, there were builders working on the
hotel when we arrived.

Despite/In spite of
Although

5) ___ the fact that she had no money, she

bought the car anyway.
Although
Despite/In spite of

6) You still play loud music ___ I've asked

you not to several times.
even though
despite/in spite of

El orden ms usual de los adjetivos delante del sustantivo es:

opinin + tamao / cualidad fsica / forma / edad + color + origen +
material + tipo + utilidad +
sustantivo
the black leather jacket - a good big round table - two huge wooden
wardrobes - a useful green alarm clock
Cuando dos adjetivos graduables van delante del sustantivo, se unen con
coma o and. - a big, cheap desk / a big and cheap desk
(Cuando se trata de colores siempre se unen con and: a blue and white
flag)

Cuando se trata de adjetivos no graduables, se utiliza and solo si son de la

misma clase: - unfair and illegal circumstances / - shocking illegal
circumstances

Los indefinidos en Ingls

SomeLos indefinidos son palabras que se refieren a personas o
cosas inespecficas.
someone, somebody - alguien
Somebody needs to help her.
something - algo
Please give me something to write with.
somewhere - algn lugar
My pen is somewhere in my desk but I can't find it.

EveryPalabras indefinidas con every- se refieren a todas las

personas, cosas, o lugares.
everyone, everybody - toda la gente
Everybody likes chocolate.
everything - todas las cosas
My teenage son eats everything.
everywhere - todos los lugares
Reporters have to travel everywhere.

NoLos siguientes indefinidos son negativos.

no one, nobody - nadie
Nobody is home right now.

nothing - nada
There is nothing in that bag.
nowhere - ningn lugar
There's nowhere to eat Mexican food in this town.

AnyLos siguientes indefinidos se usan con preguntas u

oraciones negativas.
anyone, anybody - alguien (en una pregunta), nadie (en
una oracin negativa)
Can anyone help me?
Don't tell anyone the secret.
anything - algo (en una pregunta), nada (en una oracin
negativa)
Do you want anything to eat?
I don't eat anything for breakfast.
anywhere - algn lugar (en una pregunta), ningn lugar
(en una oracin negativa)
Are you going anywhere on Saturday?
I'm not going anywhere on Saturday.

Preguntas
En preguntas se puede usar some- o any- pero es ms
comn usar any-.
Do you have something? = Tienes algo?
Do you have anything? = Tienes algo?

Doble Negativo
No se considera gramaticamente correcto usar un
indefinido negativo con un verbo negativo (aunque se oye

en algunos dialectos). Se llama un doble-negativo (doublenegative). Se puede usar uno de los indefinidos negativos
(no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere) o un verbo negativo
con any- (anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere).
I have nothing. = No tengo nada.
I don't have anything. = No tengo nada.
I don't have nothing. No es correcto.
1. There isn't
in the bag. It's empty.

2. I don't know
about that problem.

3. Do you know
who lives in Texas?

4. I'm not going

on vacation because I don't have any money.

I'm going to stay at home this year.

5. I know
who speaks French. She's from Paris.

6. She's sad because

remembered her birthday.

7. I'm going to buy

at the store but I don't know what.

8. I want to go
beautiful on vacation. Maybe I'll go to Puerto Rico.

9. Where's my pen? It's

in the house because I already looked there.

10. There's
in the restaurant. All of the people left.