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CURRENT ISSUES IN SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT
Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi, Ph.D

amilawa@petronas.com.my

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, UTP

Introduction to Oil & Gas Industry and Sustainable Development PCB/PDB


1012
11 August 2014 & 15 August 2014

COURSE LEARNING
OUTCOMES (CO)

1.

Describe the various steps of the petroleum industry life cycle


and understand which disciplines are involved at each step

2.

Explain how oil and gas are discovered and produced

3.

Explain how oil and gas are transported from the site of
production to refineries or treatment plants

4.

Explain how oil and gas are treated and exported to markets

5.

Describe various petrol and petrochemical products

6.

Describe knowledge and principle of sustainable development.

7.

Explain the concept of legacy of unsustainable world.

8.

Able to relate the patterns of development and sustainable


development with the role of engineers in industry.

9.

Explain various types of footprints and the relation with


sustainable development.

LESSON LEARNING
OUTCOMES (LLO)

LLO1: Able to
identify main
issues in SD

LLO1/CO7
LEGACY

LLO2:Able to explain
with examples each
of the issues and
the role of engineers
in SD

LLO3:Able to relate key


sustainability issues
sustainable with
engineering aspects

LLO2/CO8
ENGINEER
S

LLO2/CO9
FOOTPRIN
TS

WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?


LLO1
LEGACY

Development that
meets the needs of
the present without
compromising the
ability of future
generations to meet
their own needs.

sustainability

To insert text here.

WHEN A PLANET FIGHTS A


FEVER

LLO1
LEGACY

How are we doing so far???

1.3 billion without access to clean water

about half of humanity lacking


access to adequate sanitation and
living on less than 2 dollars a day
approximately 2 billion without access to
electricity

LLO1
LEGACY

CAN YOU IMAGINE A WORLD


WITHOUT ENERGY?

Opening Thoughts

LLO1
LEGACY
LLO2/CO8
ENGINEER
S
LLO2/CO9
FOOTPRIN
TS

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Learning Outcomes
(1) The Definition
(2) Causes of the Global Warming
(3) The Perils
(4) The Solution to Overcome the Global Warming
Issues

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DEFINITION of GLOBAL
WARMING

13

Gradual Worldwide rise in Surface Temperature


across entire planet

14

Dramatically altered weather patterns

Major shift of deserts

Intensification of tropical storms

Rise in sea level

So what is El Nino

15

A 3- to 5-year cycle of
warmer than usual
surface temperatures
in the eastern tropical
Pacific Ocean, which
results in disruptive
changes in weather
patterns

16

CAUSES OF GLOBAL
WARMING

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Burning coal creates
power and releases
gases that drive
global warming!
The US is home to less
than 5% of the worlds
people, yet produces
25% of CO2 emissions
on the planet.

Hydrocarbon fuel- (chiefly coal, oil and


natural gas). The carbon emissions that are
unavoidable by-product of their combustion
are build up in the Earths atmosphere.

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These gases build up
in the atmosphere
creating greenhouse
effect sun ray comes
in but cant go back
out. UV rays reflected
back in

Greenhouse Effect- the Earths atmosphere act


like plane of glass, allowing solar warmth to pass
through but preventing it from escaping back into
space (result the rise in temperature).

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Hydrocarbon fuel- (chiefly coal, oil and natural


gas). The carbon emissions that are unavoidable byproduct of their combustion are build up in the
Earths atmosphere.

LLO1
LEGACY

Facts and Figures

LLO2/CO8
ENGINEERS

LLO2/CO9
FOOTPRIN
TS

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The melting glaciers in
Greenland are
dumping water into
the ocean at a rate
greater than 1 cubic
mile/week (5times
what Los Angeles uses
per year).

Melting Ice- As formerly frosty regions heat up,


melting ice is raising sea levels, threatening to
inundate coastlines around the world.

If the entire Greenland


ice sheet were to melt,
global sea level will
raise by 23ft,
swallowing large arts
of coastal Florida,
most of Bangladesh
and other regions
worldwide

22

Fuming- A traffic jam idles motorists in


Bangkok; Carbon emissions from vehicles
contributes to global warming

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Increasing intensity
and incidence of
wildfires globally.
In developing world,
woodlands and rain
forests are being
cleared at staggering
rate.

Wildfires- the fire cause the higher


temperatures and less rainfall that change the
natures recipe of the Earth.

Every second of every


day a slice of
rainforest the size of
football field goes up
in smoke, pumping
millions of carbon into
the atmosphere and
taking trees out of the
environment.

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THE PERILS

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Rise of Sea Level- melting ice is raising sea levels,


threatening to inundate coastlines around the world

26

The effect of rising sea levels

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Floods and Draught- Two of the sharpest spears created by


global warming. Account for more than half of the world
deaths from natural disaster.

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A paradox of
global warming.
Turns arable
land into arid
desert.

Draught stalks the globe, turning fertile farms into


deserts, sparking wildfires, uprooting communities
and breeding violence.

Caused
humanitarian
crisis in Darfur
region in Sudan
shrinking
supplies of
water and
fertile land
breed violence
war and
genocide.

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Effect towards habitats- The global warming can be


murder on plants and animals

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The change of forests landscape and uncontrolled death of


habitat

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Allergies
Resource

Carriers (Malaria)

Water

The Effect towards Human Health- the global warming is


going to lead to arise in human sickness and death such
as allergies, carriers and water sources risk.

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THE SOLUTIONS

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The US is home to less


than 5% of the worlds
people, yet produces
25% of CO2 emissions
on the planet.
US do not ratify the
KYOTO Protocol.

Act and Protocols- In 2008, 141 nations have


ratified the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon
emissions by 2012

Parties to Kyoto Protocol

Annex B parties with binding targets in the second period


Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but not the second
non-Annex B parties without binding targets
Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol
Signatories to the Protocol that have not ratified
Other UN member states and observers that are not party to the Protocol

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Carbon sequestration

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Biological processes
(trees)

Mechanical/physical
processes (Carbon
Capture Storage,
CCS) which separate
carbon when
generated then
stored it in
underground
reservoirs

Carbon Sequestration- a strategy to reduce the


emission of greenhouse gases like CO2

Green Technology

Wind Energy- one of the alternative energy that


produces more and more of the worlds energy supply.

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Green Technology

Geothermal Power- taps heat generated at the fiery


core of the planet, is a major source of clean energy.

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Green Technology

Solar Energy- the photovoltaic cells that coverts


sunlight to energy can reverse the polarity of the
climate crisis

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Green Technology

Hydrogen Power- Hydrogen-fueled vehicles


program was announced at White House in 1990.

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Searching on New Clean


Energy

Gassification- Coal Comes Clean. In U.S, some of


the research are focusing on cleaning up dirty old
ones.

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Building Green

Building Green- all term for design and


construction practices that take into account a
whole checklist of environmental goals.

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Our Actions
1.

Change Your Light Bulbs


Change your Compact
Fluorescent Lightbulb (CFL) to
Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) as
your green bulb.

2.

Let Employees Work Close to


Home
This action can save the
planets fuel.

3.

Ride the Bus

The carbon emissions will


reduce and air pollution will
decreases.

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Our Actions
4. Make your Garden
Grow
By doing so, your
house area will have good
soil nutrient.
5. Prevent Plastic Bags
Usage
Plastic bags needs
1000 years to biograde in
the soil that emit harmful
greenhouse gases to our
environment.

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SAVE THE PLANET


THANKYOU

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