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I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
IMAGE ACQUISITION
Line(i + 1)
d 3
Line(i )
d >6
(1)
(2)
B. Normalization
Size and brightness normalization is necessary for feature
extraction and final matching. So we normalize size and
brightness of the finger image.
We normalize every row in the finger area to the same
length, using linear interpolation. The finger areas are thus
normalized to the same rectangular size (200*100 pixels)
Figure 2. Raw image
I(i, j ) = m + ( I (i, j ) m)
III.
PREPROCESSING
(3)
(4)
+ I (i + 2 r sin , j + 2 r cos )
4 I (i, j )
(a)
(b)
IV.
(i, j ) = arg max {G0 (i, j ), G22.5 (i, j ),..., G157.5 (i, j )}
(5)
(6)
Figure 7. 8 Directions
The valley depth of the pixel reflects the possibility that this
point belongs to the vein. A point has a high probability of
being in the vein area when it is in the valley, and vise versa.
FMap(i, j ) = G (i, j ) / Th
G (i, j ) Th
Tl < G (i, j ) < Th
G (i, j ) Tl
(7)
Th = k Gmean
(8)
wm(i, j ) =
(9)
(2b + 1) 2
j +b
FMap( x, y )
x =i b y = j b
i+b
w (i, j ) =
j +b
FMap ( x, y ) wm(i, j )) 2
x =i b y = j b
(10)
(2b + 1) 2
(a)
(b)
(11)
Step 3
Smooth the image with median filter, fix the small holes
with morphological operation, and eliminate the noise points.
The result is shown in Figure 8.
(a)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(b)
Figure 10. LDCs result. (a) Image after
normalization. (b) Feature map.
D. Matching
Based on finger vein LDC, We use template matching
method for the recognition. For corresponding points in two
different feature map A and B, we assume they are matched if
they are non-zero and equal. Calculating the total number of
matched points, we define the similarity between A and B as
follows:
R ( A, B ) =
2 ( A, B)
S ( A) + S ( B)
m
(12)
( A, B) = f ( A(i, j ), B(i, j ))
(13)
i =1 j =1
10
1 s = t , s > 0, t > 0
f ( s, t ) =
others
0
m
(14)
Yang[11]
-1
10
Miura[1]
S ( A) = g ( A(i, j ))
(15)
1 x > 0
g ( x) =
0 x = 0
(16)
-2
10
FRR
i =1 j =1
-3
10
Ours
-4
10
( A, B) = f ( A(i + x, j + y ), B(i, j ))
(17)
i =1 j =1
R( A, B ) = max { R( A, B, x, y )}
x, y
x = 6, 5,...,5, 6
(18)
y = 12, 10,...,10,12
-5
10
EXPERIMENT RESULT
0.01
FAR
0.02
VI.
CONCLUSION
V.
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT
The authors would like to thank the support of Basic Nature
Research Funding from Shenzhen of China.
REFERENCES
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