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BrowseHomeIC741,opamp,SolarProjectsSimpleSolarTrackerSystemMechanismandControlCircuit
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SimpleSolarTrackerSystemMechanismand
ControlCircuitExplained
Postedbyhitmanat1:33PM
Thecircuitandthemechanismexplained
inthisarticlemaybeconsideredasthe
Submit
EasiestSingleAxis
SolarTracker
CircuitSystem
I/VTrackerCircuit
forSolarMPPT
Applications
easiestandperfectdualaxissolartracker
system.
Thedeviceisabletotrackthedaytime
motionofthesunpreciselyandshiftin
theverticalaxisaccordingly.
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SimpleSolarMPPT
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Thedevicealsoeffectivelytracksthe
seasonaldisplacementofthesunand
movestheentiremechanisminthe
HowtoMake
SimpleSolar
CookeratHome
horizontalplaneorinalateralmotionsuchthattheorientationofthesolarpanelisalways
keptinastraightaxistothesunsothatitcomplementstheverticalactionsofthetracker
appropriately.
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BicycleHornwith
RingtoneCircuit
MPPTvsSolar
Tracker
Differences
ProximityDetector
CircuitUsingIC555
SimpleSolar
BatteryCharger
Circuit
Solar
Asshowninthefigure,arelativelyeasymechanismcanbewitnessedhere.Thesolar
trackerisbasicallymountedoveracoupleofstandwithacentralmovableaxis.
Thepivotalarrangementallowsthepanelmountstomoveonacircularaxisoveralmost
360degrees.
Solar
Inverter/Charger
CircuitforScience
BuildaSolarPanel
VoltageRegulator,
Charger...
Amotorgearmechanismasshowninthediagramisfittedjustatthecornerofthepivotal
axisinsuchawaythatwhenthemotorrotatestheentiresolarpanelshiftsproportionately
aboutitscentralpivot,eitheranticlockwiseorclockwise,dependinguponthemotionofthe
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CircuitDiagram
SolarTracker
motorwhichinturndependsonthepositionofthesun.
ThepositionoftheLDRsarecriticalhereandthesetofLDRwhichcorrespondstothis
verticalplanemovementissopositionedthatitsensesthesunlightaccuratelyandtriesto
keepthepanelperpendiculartothesunraysbymovingthemotorintheappropriate
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CircuitSchematic
directionthroughadefinitenumberofsteppedrotations.
TheLDRsensingisactuallyaccuratelyreceivedandinterpretedbyanelectroniccircuit
whichcommandsthemotorfortheaboveexplainedactions.
Anothermechanismwhichisquitesimilartotheaboveverticalsetting,butmovesthe
panelthroughalateralmotionorratheritmovesthewholesolarpanelmountincircular
motionoverthehorizontalplane.
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Thismotiontakesplaceinresponsetothepositionofthesunduringtheseasonal
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changes,thereforeincontrasttotheverticalmovementsthisoperationisverygradualand
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cannotbeexperiencedonadailybasis.
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Againtheabovemotionisinresponsetothecommandgiventothemotorbytheelectronic
circuitwhichoperatesinresponsetothesensingdonebytheLDRs.
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FortheaboveprocedureadifferentsetofLDRsareusedandaremountedhorizontally
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overthepanel,ataspecificpositionasshowninthediagram.
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Acarefulinvestigationofthecircuitshowninthediagramrevealsthatthewhole
configurationisactuallyverysimpleandstraightforward.HereasingleIC324isutilized
andonlytwoofitsopampsareemployedfortherequiredoperations.
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Theopampsareprimarilywiredtoformakindofwindowcomparator,responsiblefor
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activatingtheiroutputswhenevertheirinputswaverordriftoutofthepredetermined
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window,setbytherelevantpots.
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TwoLDRsareconnectedtotheinputsoftheopampsforsensingthelightlevels.
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AslongasasthelightsoverthetwoLDRsareuniform,theoutputsoftheopampremain
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deactivated.
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HoweverthemomentoneoftheLDRssensesadifferentmagnitudeoflightoverit(which
mayhappenduetothechangingpositionofthesun)thebalanceovertheinputofthe
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opampshifttowardonedirection,immediatelymakingtherelevantopampsoutputgohigh.
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Thishighoutputinstantlyactivatesthefullbridgetransistornetwork,whichinturnrotates
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theconnectedmotorinasetdirection,suchthatthepanelrotatesandadjustsits
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alignmentwiththesunraysuntiluniformamountoflightisrestoredovertherelevantsetof
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LDRs.
OncethelightlevelovertherelevantLDRsetsisrestored,theopampsagainbecome
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dormantandswitchofftheiroutputsandalsothemotor.
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Theabovesequencekeepsonhappeningforthewholeday,insteps,asthesunaltersits
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positionandtheabovemechanismkeepsshiftinginaccordancetothesunsposition.
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Itshouldbenotedthattwosetsoftheaboveexplainedcircuitassemblieswillberequired
forcontrollingthedualactionsorsimplytomaketheabovediscusseddualtrackersolar
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R3=15K,
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P1=100K,
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LDR=Normaltypewitharesistanceofaround10Kto40Kindaylightundershadeand
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infiniteresistanceincompletedarkness.
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OpampsarefromIC324orseparatelytwo741ICsmayalsobeincorporated.
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T2,T4=TIP32C,
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Atthefirstglanceitmightappearthattheabovecircuitdoesnotincorporateanautomatic
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automaticallywhendawnsetsinorinthemorningdaylight.
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ThismightbetrueduetothefactthattheLDRsarepositionedinsideenclosureswhich
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arespecfiiallydesignedina"V"shapeforfacilitatingthisaction.
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Fromthereflectionofoftherisingsunlight,duringmorninghourstheskygetsmore
illuminatedthantheground.SincetheLDRsarepositionedin"V"manner,theLDRwhich
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facesmoretowardtheskyreceivesmorelightthantheLDRwhichfacestowardthe
ground.Thissituationactivatesthemotorintheoppositedirection,suchthatitforcesthe
paneltorevertintheearlymorninghours.
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Asthepanelrevertstowardstheeast,therelevantLDRbeginsgettingexposedtoeven
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moreambientlightfromtherisingsunlight,thispushesthepanelevenhardertowardthe
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eastuntilbothLDRarealmostproportionatelyexposedtowardtheeastrisingsunlight,this
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completelyresetsthepanelsothattheprocessbeginsalloveragain.
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SetResetFunction
Incaseasetresetfeaturebecomesimperative,thefollowingdesignmaybeincorporated.
Thesetswitchisplacedatthe"sunset"endofthetracker,suchthatitgetsdepressed
whenthepanelfinishesit'sdaystracking.
Ascanbeseeninthebelowgivenfigure,thesupplytothetrackercircuitisbeengiven
fromtheN/CpointsoftheDPDTrelay,itmeanswhenthe'SET"switchispushed,therelay
activatesanddisconnectsthesupplytothecircuitsothattheentirecircuitshowninthe
abovearticlenowgetsdisconnectedanddoesnotinterfere.
Atthesametime,themotorreceivesthereversingvoltageviatheN/Ocontactssothatit
caninitiatethereversingprocessofthepaneltoitsoriginalposition.
Oncethepanelfinishesitsreversingprocesstowardthe"sunrise"end,itpushesthereset
switchplacedsuitablysomewhereatthatend,thisactiondeactivatestherelayagain
resettingtheentiresystemforthenextcycle.
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Labels:IC741,opamp,SolarProjects