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DWELLING UNIT
Interior
lighting.
(1) Within all buildings of three or fewer storeys in building height, having a building area not exceeding
600 square metres and used for residential occupancies, business and personal services occupancies,
mercantile
occupancies
or
medium
and
low
industrial
occupancies.
(1) Every exit (except those serving not more than one dwelling unit), public corridor or corridor
providing access to exit for the public shall be equipped to provide illumination to an average level of not
less than 50 lux at floor or tread level and at all points such as angles and
intersections
at
changes
of
level
where
there
are
stairs
or
ramps.
(2)
Emergency
lighting
shall
be
provided
in:
(a)
(b)
Exits;
Principal
(c)
routes
providing
Corridors
(d)
access
to
exit
used
an
by
Underground
(e)
in
open
floor
the
area;
public;
walkways;
and
Public
corridors.
(3) Emergency lighting required in Subsection B(1)(b) shall be provided from a source of energy separate
from
the
electrical
supply
for
the
building.
(4) Lighting required in Subsection B(2)(b) shall be designed to be automatically actuated for a period of
not less than 30 minutes when the electric lighting in the affected area is interrupted.
(5) Illumination from lighting required in Subsection B(2)(b) shall be provided to average levels of not
less
than
10
lx
at
floor
or
tread
level.
(6) Where incandescent lighting is provided, lighting equal to one watt per square metre of floor area shall
be
considered
to
meet
the
requirement
in
Subsection
B(5)(e).
(7) Where self-contained emergency lighting units are used, they shall conform to CSA C22.2 No. 141-M,
Unit
Equipment
for
Emergency
Lighting.
(8) Every public or service area in buildings, including a recreational camp and a camp for housing of
workers, shall have lighting outlets with fixtures controlled by a wall switch or panel.
(9) When provided by incandescent lighting, illumination required in Sentence (1) shall conform to Table
629-36B(1).
(j)
When
other
types
of
lighting
are
used,
illumination
equivalent
to
that
shown
in
Table
36.B.(1)
shall
be
provided.
(2) Within all buildings exceeding three storeys in building height or having a building area exceeding 600
square metres or used for other occupancies not described in Subsection B(1).
(a) An exit, a public corridor, a corridor providing access to exit for the public, a corridor serving patients
or residents in a Care and Treatment occupancy or Care occupancy, a corridor serving
classrooms, an electrical equipment room, a transformer vault and a hoistway pit shall be equipped to
provide illumination to an average level not less than 50 lux at floor or tread level and at angles and
intersections
at
changes
of
level
where
there
are
stairs
or
ramps.
(b) Rooms and spaces used by the public shall be illuminated as described in Subsection B(1)(h),(i) and
(j).
(c) Elevator machine rooms shall be equipped to provide illumination to an average level of not less than
100
lux
at
floor
level.
(d) Every place of assembly intended for the viewing of motion pictures or the performing arts, shall be
equipped to provide an average level of illumination at floor level in the aisles of not less than two lux
during
the
viewing.
(e) Every area where food is intended to be processed, prepared or manufactured and where equipment or
utensils
are
intended
to
be
(2) Within all buildings exceeding three storeys in building height or having a building area exceeding 600
square metres or used for other occupancies not described in Subsection B(1).
(a) An exit, a public corridor, a corridor providing access to exit for the public, a corridor serving patients
or residents in a Care and Treatment occupancy or Care occupancy, a corridor serving
classrooms, an electrical equipment room, a transformer vault and a hoistway pit shall be equipped to
provide illumination to an average level not less than 50 lux at floor or tread level and at angles and
intersections
at
changes
of
level
where
there
are
stairs
or
ramps.
(b) Rooms and spaces used by the public shall be illuminated asdescribed in Subsection B(1)(h),(i) and (j).
(c) Elevator machine rooms shall be equipped to provide illumination to an average level of not less than
100
lux
at
floor
level.
(d) Every place of assembly intended for the viewing of motion pictures or the performing arts, shall be
equipped to provide an average levelof illumination at floor level in the aisles of not less than two lux
during
the
viewing.
(e) Every area where food is intended to be processed, prepared or manufactured and where equipment or
utensils
are
intended
to
be
In a service space in which facilites are included to permit a person to enter and to undertake
maintenance and other operations; and On a shelf and rack storage system, which includes walkways,
platforms,
unenclosed
egress
stairs
and
exits
providing
means
of
egress.
(j) The minimum value of the illumination required by Subsections B(2) (h) and (i) shall be not less than
one
lux.
(k) In addition to the requirements of Subsections B(2)(h) to (j), the installation of battery-operated
emergency lighting in health care facilities shall conform to the appropriate requirements of CSA Z32,
Electrical
Safety
and
Essential
Electrical
Systems
in
Health
Care
Facilities. C. For parking lots, walkways, stairs, porches, verandas, loading docks, ramps or other similar
areas, a minimum level of illumination of ten lux (0.90 foot-candle) at ground or tread level and at angles
and
intersections
at
changes
of
level
where
there
are
stairs
or
ramps.
(1)
Example 1
The total, upward and downward lamp output from a lamp are 1000
lm, 300 lm and 500 lm respectively. Calculate upward light output
ratio (ULOR), downward light output ratio(DLOR), light output
ratio (LOR) of luminaire and percentage of light energy absorbed in
luminaire.
(1)
N = number of luminaire
F = lighting design lumens per lamp, i.e. initial bare lamp luminous
flux
UF = utilisation factor for the horizontal working plane
LLF = light loss factor
A = area of the horizontal working plane
2.1 Light Loss Factor
Light loss factor (LLF) is the ratio of the illuminance produced by
the lighting installation at the some specified time to the illuminance
produced by the same installation when new. It allows for effects
such as decrease in light output caused by
(a) the fall in lamp luminous flux with hours of use,
(b) the deposition of dirt on luminaire, and
(c) reflectances of room surfaces over time.
In fact, light loss factor is the product of three other factors:
(2)
where LLMF = lamp lumen maintenance factor
LMF = luminaire maintenance factor
RSMF = room surface maintenance factor
2.1.1 Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor
Lamp lumen maintenance factor (LLMF) is the proportion of the
initial light output of a lamp produced after a set time to those
produced when new. It allows for the decline in lumen output from a
lamp with age. Its value can be determined in two ways:
(3)
Example 1
The total, upward and downward lamp output from a lamp are 1000
lm, 300 lm and 500 lm respectively. Calculate upward light output
ratio (ULOR), downward light output ratio (DLOR), light output
ratio (LOR) of luminaire and percentage of light energy absorbed in
luminaire.
Example 2
For data given in Example 1 determine upward flux fraction (UFF),
downward flux fraction (DFF) and flux fraction ratio (FRR).
(5)
where A = total floor area
N = number of luminaires
Hm = mounting height
Under a regular array of luminaires the illuminance on the working
plane is not uniform. The closer spaced the luminaires for a given
mounting height, the higher the uniformity; or the greater the
mounting height for a given spacing, the greater the uniformity. If
uniformity of illuminance is to be acceptable for general lighting,
(a) SHR should not exceed maximum spacing to height
ratio (SHR MAX) of the given luminaire as quoted by the
manufacturer, and
(b) geometric mean spacing to height ratio of the luminaire layout
should be within the range of nominal spacing to height
ratio(SHR NOM) of
manufacturer, i.e.
the
given
luminaire
as
quoted
by
the
(6)
(h) Check that the proposed layout does not exceed the maximum
spacing to height ratios (SHR MAX).
(i) Calculate the illuminance that will be achieved by the final layout
and check against the standard.
Example 3
Solution
(a) Initial calculation
One of the primary functions of a luminaire is to direct the light to where it is needed. The light
distribution produced by luminaires is characterized by the Illuminating Engineering Society as follows:
Direct ( 90 to 100 percent of the light is directed downward for maximum use.
Indirect ( 90 to 100 percent of the light is directed to the ceilings and upper walls and is
reflected to all parts of a room.
Semi-Direct ( 60 to 90 percent of the light is directed downward with the remainder directed
upward.
General Diffuse or Direct-Indirect ( equal portions of the light are directed upward and
downward.
Highlighting ( the beam projection distance and focusing ability characterize this luminaire.
The lighting distribution that is characteristic of a given luminaire is described using the candela
distribution provided by the luminaire manufacturer (see diagram on next page). The candela distribution
is represented by a curve on a polar graph showing the relative luminous intensity 360 around the fixture
( looking at a cross-section of the fixture. This information is useful because it shows how much light is
emitted in each direction and the relative proportions of downlighting and uplighting. The cut-off angle is
the angle, measured from straight down, where the fixture begins to shield the light source and no direct
light from the source is visible. The shielding angle is the angle, measured from horizontal, through
which the fixture provides shielding to prevent direct viewing of the light source. The shielding and cut-off
angles add up to 90 degrees.
The lighting upgrade products mentioned in this document are described in more detail in Lighting
Upgrade Technologies