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1
F ur meinen Vater, damit er noch viele sch one TEX-Graphiken erschaen kann.
Till
Copyright 2007 by Till Tantau
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify the documentation under
the terms of the gnu Free
Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free So
ftware Foundation; with
no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of
the license is included in
the section entitled gnu Free Documentation License.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify the code of the package
under the terms of the gnu
Public License, Version 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Fo
undation. A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled gnu Public License.
Permission is also granted to distribute and/or modify both the documentation an
d the code under the
conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 of this licen
se or (at your option) any
later version. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled LATEX P
roject Public License.
2
The TikZ and PGF Packages
Manual for version 1.18
http://sourceforge.net/projects/pgf
Till Tantau
Institut f ur Theoretische Informatik
Universit at zu L ubeck
June 12, 2007
Contents
1 Introduction 14
1.1 Structure of the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2 Comparison with Other Graphics Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 15
1.3 Utilities: Page Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.4 How to Read This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.5 Authors and Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 16
1.6 Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
I Tutorials and Guidelines 17
2 Tutorial: A Picture for Karl's Students 18
2.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2 Setting up the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.1 Setting up the Environment in LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 18
2.2.2 Setting up the Environment in Plain TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 19
2.2.3 Setting up the Environment in ConTEXt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 19
2.3 Straight Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4 Curved Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.5 Circle Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.6 Rectangle Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.7 Grid Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.8 Adding a Touch of Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.9 Drawing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.10 Arc Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.11 Clipping a Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.12 Parabola and Sine Path Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.13 Filling and Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.14 Shading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.15 Specifying Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.16 Adding Arrow Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.17 Scoping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.18 Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.19 Repeating Things: For-Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.20 Adding Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Editor of this documentation. Parts of this documentation have been written by ot
her authors as indicated in these parts
or chapters and in Section 1.5.
3
3 Tutorial: A Petri-Net for Hagen 35
3.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.2 Setting up the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.2.1 Setting up the Environment in LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 35
3.2.2 Setting up the Environment in Plain TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 35
3.2.3 Setting up the Environment in ConTEXt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 36

3.3 Introduction to Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


. . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.4 Placing Nodes Using the At Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.5 Using Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.6 Node Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.7 Naming Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.8 Placing Nodes Using Relative Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 39
3.9 Adding Labels Next to Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.10 Connecting Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.11 Adding Labels Next to Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.12 Adding the Snaked Line and Multi-Line Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 42
3.13 Using Layers: The Background Rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 43
3.14 The Complete Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4 Guidelines on Graphics 46
4.1 Planning the Time Needed for the Creation of Graphics . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 46
4.2for
ow
WorkCreating a Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 47
4.3 Linking Graphics With the Main Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 47
4.4 Consistency Between Graphics and Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 48
4.5 Labels in Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.6 Plots and Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.7 Attention and Distraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 52
II Installation and Con

guration 53
5 Installation 54
5.1 Package and Driver Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2 Installing Prebundled Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2.1 Debian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2.2 MiKTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 55
5.3 Installation in a texmf Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.3.1 Installation that Keeps Everything Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 55
5.3.2 Installation that is TDS-Compliant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 55
5.4 Updating the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6 Licenses and Copyright 56
6.1 Which License Applies? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6.2 The GNU Public License, Version 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 56
6.2.1 Preamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 56
6.2.2 Terms and Conditions For Copying, Distribution and Modi

cation . . . . . . . . . . 57
6.2.3 No Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 59
6.3 The LATEX Project Public License, Version 1.3c 2006-05-20 . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 59
6.3.1 Preamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 59
6.3.2 De

nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 59
6.3.3 Conditions on Distribution and Modi

cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.3.4 No Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 61
6.3.5 Maintenance of The Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 62
6.3.6 Whether and How to Distribute Works under This License . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 62
6.3.7 Choosing This License or Another License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 62
6.3.8 A Recommendation on Modi

cation Without Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63


6.3.9 How to Use This License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 63
6.3.10 Derived Works That Are Not Replacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 63
6.3.11 Important Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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