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VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF MACHINE FOUNDATION ON PILES

QMS DOCUMENT NUMBER PEC-EN-VSS-C-12627
INTRODUCTION
This Mathcad sheet is developed using general guidelines for dynamic analysis
given in various codes, technical research papers and standard books, which are given in
the reference section. This Mathcad sheet gives frequency of various modes of vibration
and amplitudes of vibrations on the block foundation supported on piles. It is intended to
help engineers in Petrofac to calculate the frequency and dynamic amplitude of vibration
on the block foundation supported by piles.

REFERENCES

Foundation Vibrations by George Gazetas, page 553-593

Suresh C. Arya, Michael W. O'Neil & George Pincus, Design of Structures and
Foundations for Vibrating Machines, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, 1984
Indrajit Chowdhury, Shambhu P. Dasgupta, Dynamics of Structure and foundation - A
unified approach, Taylor and Francis, London, 2009
ACI Committee 351, Foundations for Dynamic Equipment(ACI 351.3R), American
Concrete Institute, Michigan, 2004

ASSUMPTIONS

This Mathcad sheet should be handled by an engineer having competancy in the field of
structural dynamics and also should have basic knowledge of Mathcad software.
This Mathcad sheet is valid for Block Type Foundations resting on Piles. No other cases
are covered in the sheet.
All foundation parts (refer input section) should be of same thickness.
Total number of piles used in the sheet should be sufficient enough in numbers so as to
pass all load combination as per the project requirement.
This sheet cannot be used for static checks for all load combinations a separate
caculation has to be submitted including punching shear check and check for maximum
load on a pile (should be less than the 50% of allowable working load ).
A weighted average shear wave velocity is being used in the pile stiffness calculation.
Static checks are performed for the following criteria only:
- Machine to foundation weight ratio
- Eccentricity check
- Foundation width check
- Pile length for long pile
- Thickness of foundation for rigid block behaviour

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After dynamic analysis and its checks, static checks for all load cominations has to be
performed and should be included in the design calculation. User can perform static
check in Mat3D software. Pseudo dynamic forces has to be calculated using
transmisibility factors calcuated in this sheet and these pseudo dynamic forces should
be included in the load combinations for static checks.
Reinforcement in block and pile has to be decided by the user as per the project
requirements.
First Input to tabular entry is at the first row of the table, which is '0' in the Mathcad.
Hence unless otherwise it is given, first entry start at row number '0'.

INPUTS

User inputs are required under the section "Input Parameters"

Input in the tables has to follow the required input at each input sections. Note that
entry to the table does not recognize any units therefore user should give input in the
required units in table.

RESULTS

Dynamic behaviour of the system under the forced vibration of machine are given under
the section "Summary of Results" and are compared against the project/vendor
requirements of frequency and amplitudes of vibrations.
Maximum steady state amplitudes and velocity are calculted at the user defined two
points and are given under the section "Summary of Results".

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1.0 INPUT PARAMETERS

Units to the tabular kN := 1000N

entries

RPM :=

Hz
60

MPa :=

m := 10

mm

g := 9.81

1 kg = 1 10

g := 9.81

-6

m
s

-3s

sec

kNm := 1000N m

kN

RPM :=

2 rad

60 sec

Coordinate System to be used in the

Mathcad sheet

Note : Vertical coordinate axis 'z'=0 at the bottom of block foundation, i.e. at foundation level

1.1 Machine Parameters

Number of machine Parts, masses and CG
Number of machine parts
Mass of each part (kg)

nm := 2
Mass (kg)
mc :=

0
0

3.915104

5.115104

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Coordinates of CG of machine parts in

the same order (in m)

DOCUMENT TITLE:

x-CG(m)

y-CG(m)

z-CG(m)

cgm :=

2.613

3.816

-5.647

2.964

10.808

-6.337

2
Unbalanced forces, moments, point of action and phases
Number of unbalanced load points

Operating frequencies of unbalanced points

(in rpm)

Unbalanced forces (kN) in X, Y and Z dir

of the operating frequency given above in
the same order.

nmu := 4

m :=

0
0

1.047103

1.047103

7.607103

7.607103

Fx (kN)

Fy(kN)

Fz(kN)

UF :=

2.1

0.206

2.1

1.3

0.131

1.3

0.3

0.033

0.3

0.8

0.076

0.8

Note that for Z-coordinate input - Positive vertical coordinate axis is downward below the bottom of block foundation
and its Z=0 is at the bottom of foundation, i.e. at foundation level.
Unbalanced moments (kN-m) about
X, Y and Z dir of the operating
frequency given above in the same
order.

Mx (kN-m)

My(kN-m)

Mz(kN-m)

UM :=

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Coordinates x,y,z (in m) of Unbalanced

loads of the operating frequency given
above in the same order.

x(m)

y(m)

z(m)

Ucg :=

3.25

10.533

-5.9

3.25

5.649

-5.9

2.03

5.649

-5.9

2.03

3.523

-5.9

qx(rad)

Phase (in Radian) of Unbalanced loads

of the operating frequency given above
in the same order.

qy(rad)

qz(rad)

Uph :=

1.571

1.571

1.571

1.571

1.2 Foundation/pile cap (fp) and Pedestal (pp) Paramaters

Number of foundation pad parts(pile cap)
(Minimum is 1)

nf := 1

Length, Width and Height of Foundation Slab(pile cap)

(Note - thickness of all foundation pad parts must be same)
B(x axis),m I

L(y axis),m

H(z axis),m I

x-CG,m

y-CG,m

z-CG,m

fp :=

0
0

1
6

2
13.078

3
1.2

4
3

5
6.539

1
2
3

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Number of pedstals parts

np := 2

Length, Width and Height of Pedestals

B(x axis),m I

L(y axis),m

H(z axis),m I

x-CG,m

y-CG,m

z-CG,m

pp :=

4.6

6.26

3.1

3.63

-2.7

3.62

4.1

3.684

2.93

10.528

-3.042

2
3
4

Length (larger dimension) of pile cap/foundation

(along Y-axis)

Lf := 13.078m

Unit weight of foundation concrete

f := 25

kN
m

Foundation dimensions
Minimum width factor - to be multiplied in vertical
distance from machine shaft level to bottom of
foundation

Fwidth := 1.0

1.3 Pile Parameters

Diameter of Pile

Dpile := 750mm

Number of piles in the group

Npile := 18

Length of pile

Lp := 25m

Dynamic modulus of elasticity of pile

E p := 4700 32

N
2

mm

Unit weight of pile concrete

pile := 25

Refer Cl.4.4.1.2, ACI

351-3R & Cl. 8.5, ACI 318

kN
m

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Coordinates of center of piles in m

xy :=

0
Note - choose same coordinate
system

0.9

0.9

0.9

3.155

0.9

5.41

0.9

7.668

0.9

9.923

0.9

12.178

0.9

3.155

5.41

7.668

10

9.923

11

12.178

12

5.1

0.9

13

5.1

3.155

14

5.1

5.41

15

5.1

7.668

16

5.1

9.923

17

5.1

12.178

18

Source pile number (source pile should not be

in the center or at the periphery and has an
interaction factor with itself of 1)

spn := 8

1.4 Soil parameters

Soil properties along pile length
Weighted shear wave velocity along the pile length

vs := 338

m
s

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Weight Density of Soil

s := 19

Poisson's ratio of Soil

kN
m

:= 0.38

Soil properties around pile cap at bottom of piles

Shear wave velocity of the soil surrounding the pile cap

vst := 230

Unit weight of the soil surrounding the pile cap

st := 18

m
s

kN
m

Poisson's ratio of the soil surrounding the pile cap (nf)

st := 0.38

Shear wave velocity of soil below lower end of pile

vsb := 655

Soil hysteretic damping ratio

h := 0.02

m
s

1.5 Frequency and Amplitude Criteria

Frequency band to be avoided to avoid Resonance

Lower limit of frequency band

Lfb := 0.707

Upper limit of frequency band

Hfb := 1.404

Allowable amplitudes
Zero to peak amplitude of vibration

A ztp := 4.8m

Allowable velocity of vibration

V allow := 1.8

mm
sec

Two point of interest for amplitude and velocity

Maximum height of foundation+pedestal from
bottom of foundation
Coordinates (x, y, z) of two points of interest
for amplitude and velocity checking

Hmax := 4.535m

IP :=

-4.535

7.2

43.075

...

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2. CALCULATION Of FOUNDATION PROPERTIES AND PILE STIFFNESS

Providing units to tabular
entry (input)

fp := fp m

pp := pp m

cgm := cgm m

m := m RPM

UF := UF kN

Ucg := Ucg m

Uph := Uph rad

mc := mc kg

UM := UM kNm
xy := xy m

2.1 Properties Calculations

nf - 1

( fpi , 0 fpi , 1)

Equivalent width of
base of foundation

B f :=

Mass of each foundation pads

f := 0 .. nf - 1

Total mass of foundation Pads

Mf :=

i =0

Bf = 6 m

Lf

fdnf := ( fpf , 0 fpf , 1 fpf , 2)

fdnf

Mf = 2.4 10 kg

Mass of each pedestal parts

p := if [np = 0 , 0 , ( 0 .. np - 1) ]

Mass of Pedestals

pedp := if np = 0 , 0 , ( ppp , 0 ppp , 1 ppp , 2)

Mp := if np = 0 , 0 ,

Mass of machine parts

m := 0 .. nm - 1

pedp
p

Mm :=

mcm

Mm = 9.03 10 kg

Total mass of system

Coordinates of CG of complete system

k := 1 .. 3

nf - 1

CGk :=

Mt := Mf + Mp + Mm

Mt = 6.898 10 kg
k = 1 for x-axis
np - 1

( fdni fpi , k+ 2) + if np = 0 , 0 ,

i =0

k = 2 for y-axis k = 3 for z-axis

nm - 1

( pedi ppi , k+2) +

i =0

( mci cgmi , k- 1)

i =0

Mt
xc := CG1
xc = 2.993 m

yc := CG2
yc = 6.578 m

zc := CG3
zc = -2.475 m

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Coordinates of
centre of pile group

Pile Numbers 'i'

Pile coordinates

i := 1 .. Npile
xi := xyi - 1 , 0

yi := xyi - 1 , 1

xi
i

xb :=
Npile

xb = 3 m

yi
yb :=
Depth of pile cap

Npile

yb = 6.539 m

D := fp0 , 2

Total Area moment of inertia about X, Y axis passing through the "foundation base centroid"
nf - 1

Ix :=

i =0
nf - 1

Iy :=

i =0

1 ( fp ) ( fp ) 3 + ( fp ) fp ( y - fp ) 2
i ,0
i ,1
i ,0
i ,1 b
i ,4
12

Ix = 1.118 10 m

1 ( fp ) 3 ( fp ) + ( fp ) fp ( x - fp ) 2
i ,0
i ,1
i ,0
i ,1 b
i ,3
12

Iy = 235.404m

Mass Moment of Inertia of (foundation + pedestals + machine parts) about X, Y & Z axes passing through the
C.G. of machine-foundation system.
nf - 1

Jx :=

i =0

1 ( fdn ) ( fp ) 2 + ( fp ) 2 + fdn ( y - fp ) 2 + ( z - fp ) 2 ...

i i ,1
i , 2
i c
i ,4
i , 5
c
12

np - 1

+ if np = 0 , 0 ,
nm - 1

1 ( ped ) ( pp ) 2 + ( pp ) 2 + ped ( y - pp ) 2 + ( z - pp ) 2 ...

i
i ,1
i ,2
i c
i ,4
i
,
5

12
=0

mci ( y - cgmi , 1) 2 + ( z - cgmi , 2) 2

c

i =0
nf - 1

Jy :=

i =0

1 ( fdn ) ( fp ) 2 + ( fp ) 2 + fdn ( x - fp ) 2 + ( z - fp ) 2 ...

i i ,0
i , 2
i c
i ,3
i , 5
c
12

np - 1

+ if np = 0 , 0 ,
nm - 1

Jx = 1.204 10 m kg

i =0

1 ( ped ) ( pp ) 2 + ( pp ) 2 + ped ( x - pp ) 2 + ( z - pp ) 2 ...

i
i ,0
i ,2
i c
i ,3
i
,
5

12
=0

mci ( x - cgmi , 0) 2 + ( z - cgmi , 2) 2

c

Jy = 3.677 10 m kg

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Distance of C.G. of foundation part (XFB, YFB, ZFB) , pedestal part (XPB, YPB, ZPB) and machine part
(XMB, YMB, ZMB) from "Centre of pile group"
XFBf := fpf , 3 - xb

YFB f := fpf , 4 - yb

XPBp := if np = 0 , 0 , ppp , 3 - xb
XMB m := cgmm , 0 - xb

ZFBf := fpf , 5

YPBp := if np = 0 , 0 , ppp , 4 - yb

YMBm := cgmm , 1 - yb

ZPBp := if ( np = 0 , 0 , ppp , 5)

ZMB m := cgmm , 2

Distance of C.G. of foundation part (XFC, YFC, ZFC) , pedestal part (XPC, YPC, ZPC) and machine part
(XMC, YMC, ZMC) from "CG of system"
XFCf := fpf , 3 - xc

YFCf := fpf , 4 - yc

XPCp := if np = 0 , 0 , ppp , 3 - xc

YPCp := if np = 0 , 0 , ppp , 4 - yc
XMCm := cgmm , 0 - xc

ZFCf := fpf , 5 - zc

ZPCp := if np = 0 , 0 , ppp , 5 - zc

YMCm := cgmm , 1 - yc

ZMCm := cgmm , 2 - zc

Distance of center of unbalanced forces (XUC, YUC, ZUC) from "CG of system"
u := 0 .. nmu - 1

XUCu := Ucgu , 0 - xc

YUCu := Ucgu , 1 - yc

ZUCu := Ucgu , 2 - zc

Dynamic shear modulus of soil

s
2
Gs :=
v
g s

Dynamic Elastic modulus

E s := 2 ( 1 + ) Gs

Gs = 2.213 10 Pa
5 kN
2

E s = 6.107 10

Radius of pile

Slenderness of pile

Compression wave velocity in pile

r0 :=

Lp
r0

Dpile
2

= 66.667

vp :=

Ep g
pile

vp = 3.23 10

3m

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ratio shear wave of soil/P-wave in concrete

Slenderness ratio

DOCUMENT TITLE:

vs
rv :=
vp

rv = 0.105

Lp
rL :=
r0

rL = 66.667

Critical length of pile

Ep
lc := 2 Dpile

Es

Primary operating frequency

f pri := min m

Secondary operating frequency

f sec := max m

0.25

( )
( )

lc = 3.853 m

f pri = 109.642
f sec = 796.603

1
s

Operating frequencies of machine

Height of soil column above bed-rock

HS := 30m

Lysmer apparaent wave velocity

V La :=

Soil Resonant frequency

Natural shear frequency of soil deposit

Cross-sectional area of pile

Moment of inertia of pile

Dimensionless factor

f res :=

3.4
v
( 1 - ) s
VLa

f res = 4.917

4 HS

f s := 0.25
A p := r0

vs

f s = 2.817

HS
2

a0 :=

1
s

A p = 0.442 m

4
Ip :=
Dpile
64

Ip = 0.016 m

1
s

( 2 fpri) r0
vs

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2.2 Gazetas stiffness and damping coefficients (gz) - Refer Foundation Vibrations by
Gazetas
Lp

Dpile

Static axial stiffness:

Dynamic stiffness coefficient:

2
3

K zstat := 1.9 E s Dpile

Lp

kz := if

Dpile

Dynamic axial stiffness:

Lp

< 15 , 1 , if

Dpile

K zstat = 9.014 10

50 , 1 +

a0 ,

61

kN

a0 Lp

- 15 + 1
35 Dpile

K z := kz Kzstat
K z = 1.314 10

71

0.21

Dynamic Horizontal stiffness

in X-direction:

Ep
K x := Dpile Es

Es

Dynamic Horizontal stiffness

in Y-direction:

K y := Kx

Dynamic Rocking stiffness

about X-axis:

Ep
K := 0.15 Dpile Es

Es

Dynamic Rocking stiffness

about Y-axis:

K := K

Dynamic Coupling stiffness

Ep
K x := -0.22 Dpile Es

Es

K x = 1.012 10

61

kN

kN

0.75

K = 6.55 10 m kN

K = 6.55 10 m kN
0.5

K x = -4.986 10 kN

DAMPING

Ep Lp
-

Es Dpile

rd := 1 - e

Dimensionless factor

Axial radiation damping coefficient:

Cz1 := a0

1
5

-2

rd = 0.038

vs Dpile Lp rd
g

1.5 f res - f pri

Cz1
0.5 fres

Cz := if fpri > 1.5f res , Cz1 , if fpri f res , 0 ,

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Cz = 1.564 10

3 s

kN

0.17

Ep

- 1
Dx := if fpri > f s , 0.80 h + 1.10 f pri Dpile
vs
, 0.80 h

Horizontal damping coefficient:

Es

Cx := 2

Kx D x
2 fpri

Cy := Cx

C := 2
Damping in the Rocking Y mode

Coupling damping coefficient:

Cy = 1.54 10

Ep

D := if f pri > fs , 0.35 h + 0.35 fpri Dpile

Es

Rocking damping coefficient:

Cx = 1.54 10

0.20

3 s

m
3 s

vs

- 1

kN

, 0.25 h

K D
2 f pri

C = 357.715 m s kN

C := C

0.18

Ep

- 1
Dx := if fpri > f s , 0.80 h + 0.85 f pri Dpile
vs
, 0.50 h

Es

Cx :=

2 Kx Dx
2 fpri

Cx = -613.637 s kN

2.3 Definition of pile group and Pile Interaction Factors

Origin coordinate

kN

xo := xc

yo := yc

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Plan coordinates of center of piles

6
5

X-axis

4
xi

3
2
1
0

10

15

yi
Y-axis

( ( xo - xi) ) 2 + ( yo - yi) 2

Distance from base centroid

si :=

Primary angular speed

:= 2 fpri

Angle of Departure for load in Y direction

yi := atan

Angle of Departure for load in X direction

xi := atan

xo - xi

yo - yi
yo - yi

xo - xi

Interaction factor for Vertical vibration

Ratio of shear modulus of soil
along length to bottom of pile

Distance between source pile to other piles

Rg := 1

spi :=

( xi - xspn) 2 + ( yi - yspn) 2

spspn := 1m

Lp

spi

ln
Interaction factors for vertical group stiffness
of piles by Poulos (1969)

vi := 0.5

Lp Dpile

Rg
m m

ln

Ref. eq. 4.28, ACI

351.3R-04

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vi if vi

vi :=

1-

Ref. eq. 4.31, ACI

351.3R-04

otherwise

27 vi

vspn := 1
Npile

z :=

vi
z = 6.046

i =1
- h si

Interaction factor for Horizontal vibration for

Departure angle q = 0 degree.

si

2 r0

- 0.5

0i := 0.5

VLa

- i si

VLa

- h si

Interaction factor for Horizontal vibration for

Departure angle q = 90 degree.

Generalised Interaction factor for

Horizontal vibration in X direction for any
Departure angle q

si

2 r0

- 0.5

90i := 1.06

vs

- i si
vs

x := 0i cos( xi ) + 90i sin( xi )

i

2
Npile

x = 5.852
i

i =1

Generalised Interaction factor for

Horizontal vibration in Y direction for any
Departure angle q

y := 0i cos( yi ) + 90i sin( yi )

i

2
Npile

y = 3.955
i

i =1

Pile Cap stiffness in vertical sirection

Hence vertical group stifness

st 2
v 2.7 D
g st

K zcap :=

K Gz :=

Kz Npile
z

K zcap = 3.145 10

+ Kzcap
K Gz = 3.944 10

Total weight of the fdn+machine

Relative stiffness of pile

W c := Mt g

K R :=

51

71

kN

kN

W c = 6.767 10 kN
Ep Ip

2 Gs ( 1 + ) Lp

K R = 1.731 10

)
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1 = Flexible pile

2= Rigid pile

pile_typ := if KR < 10.0 , 1 , 2

pile_typ = 1

2.4 Pile Group Stiffnesses

Horizontal stiffness due to pile cap

S u1 := -2.3333 st + 2.1833 st + 3.6

S u1 = 4.093

st 2
v S D
g st u1

K xcap :=

Horizontal Group stiffness in X direction

K Gx :=

Npile Kx
x

K Gx = 3.588 10

i =1

Horizontal Group stiffness in Y direction

K Gy :=

Npile Ky

+ Kxcap

Npile

51

kN

+ Kxcap

Npile

K xcap = 4.767 10

K Gy = 5.081 10

61

kN

61

kN

i =1

Group stiffness for Pitching about X (Refer Eq. 5-20, page 86, Design of Str. and Fdn. for Vibrating Machines
by Arya, O'Neill and Pincus)
Npile

K G :=

K + K ( yi - y ) 2 + K ( z
c
y
c
z

) 2 - 2 zc Kx

K G = 3.679 10 m kN

i =1

Group stiffness for Rocking about Y (Refer Eq. 5-20, page 86, Design of Str. and Fdn. for Vibrating Machines
by Arya, O'Neill and Pincus)
Npile

K G :=

K + K ( xi - x ) 2 + K ( z
c
x
c
z

) 2 - 2 zc Kx

K G = 8.633 10 m kN

i =1

Damping ratio for vibrartion in vertical

direction

Damping ratio for vibrartion in

Horizontal X direction

Damping ratio for vibrartion in

Horizontal Y direction

Npile Cz

, 0.25
Wc

2 KGz g

DGz = 0.085

Npile Cx

, 0.20
Wc

2 KGx g

DGx = 0.2

DGz := min

DGx := min

Npile Cy

, 0.20
Wc

2 KGy g

DGy := min

DGy = 0.2

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Group damping for Pitching about X (Refer Eq. 5-23, page 86, Design of Str. and Fdn. for Vibrating
Machines by Arya, O'Neill and Pincus)
Npile

CG :=

C + C ( yi - y ) 2 + C ( z
z
o
y
c

) 2 - 2 zc Cx

CG = 6.487 10 m s kN

i =1

Damping ratio

DG := min

CG

2 KG Jx

, 0.10

DG = 0.049

Group damping for Rocking about Y (Refer Eq. 5-23, page 86, Design of Str. and Fdn. for Vibrating
Machines by Arya, O'Neill and Pincus)
Npile

CG :=

C + C ( xi - x ) 2 + C ( z
z
o
x
c

) 2 - 2 (

zc Cx

CG = 3.137 10 m s kN

i =1

Damping ratio

DG := min

CG

2 KG Jy

, 0.10

DG = 0.088

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3. STATIC CHECKS
3.1 Weight Ratio Check

Weight of foundation

W fp := Mf + Mp g

Weight of machine

W mc := Mm g

Weight ratio

Check of weight ratio

WR :=

W fp
WR = 6.639

W mc

Weight_Ratio_check :=

"OK" if WR > 3
"Weight ratio check failed" otherwise

Note : For reciprocating machine WR>5

Weight_Ratio_check = "OK"

3.2 Eccentricity check

xb - xc
100
Bf

eccentricity along width (%)

ex :=

eccentricity along length (%)

ey :=

eccentricity check

Eccentricity_check :=

yb - yc
Lf

ex = 0.114

100

ey = 0.301
"OK" if ex ey < 5
"Eccentricity Check Failed" otherwise

Eccentricity_check = "OK"

3.3 Foundation Width check

Provided width of foundation
Required width of foundation

Bf = 6 m
:= 0 .. nmu - 1

Shaft_height := Ucg , 2
B f_req := Fwidth max ( Shaft_height)
Width check

Width_check :=

B f_req = 5.9 m

"OK" if Bf Bf_req
"Width check Failed" otherwise

Width_check = "OK"

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3.4 Check for long pile

Pile_length :=

"OK" if rL 30
"Increase the length or reduce dia of pile" otherwise

Pile_length = "OK"

3.5 Thickness Check

Provided thickness
of foundation

pppp := ppp , 2
Thicknessp := fp0 , 2 + min( ppp)

Thicknessp = 4.2 m

Minimum required
thickness

Lf
Thicknessr :=
+ 0.6m
30

Thicknessr = 1.036 m

Thickness check

Thickness_check :=

"OK" if Thicknessp Thicknessr

"Thickness check Failed" otherwise

Thickness_check = "OK"

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4.0 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS TO CALCULATE FOUNDATION FREQUENCIES AND

AMPLITUDES OF VIBRATION

4.1 Spring Stiffness for Various Modes of Vibration

kz := K Gz

kx := K Gx

kz = 3.9E+007

kN
m

krx := KG

kx = 3.6E+006

ky := K Gy
kN
m

ky = 5.1E+006

kN
m

kry := KG

krx = 3.7E+009m kN

kry = 8.6E+008

kN m
rad

4.2 Damping for various modes of vibration

Cz := 2 DGz kz Mt

Cz = 2.8E+004

kN
m

sec

Cx := 2 DGx kx Mt

Cx = 2.0E+004

kN
m

sec

Cy := 2 DGy ky Mt

Cy = 2.4E+004

kN
m

sec

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Crx := 2 DG krx Jy
Crx = 3.6E+005

Cry := 2 DG kry Jx

kN m

Cry = 5.7E+005

rad

sec

kN m

rad

sec

4.3 Mass, Damping and Stiffness Matrix

Mt

0
kg

MX :=
Jy

0
2
kg m

Mt
MZ :=
kg

MZ = 6.898 10

6.898 105

MX =

CZ :=

CX :=

Cz
N
m

sec

CZ = 2.814 10

K Z :=

N sec

2
Cry + Cx zc
N m
rad

sec

C x zc
N sec

1.99 10
-4.926 10
CX =

7
8
-4.926 10 6.897 10

N

m

10

MY =

CY :=

C x zc

N
m

sec

6.898 105

6
3.677 10
0

kx zc
kx

N
N

K X :=
2
kx zc kry + kx zc
N

N m

rad

kz

K Z = 3.944 10

Cx

Mt

0
kg

MY :=
Jx

0
2
kg m

3.588 109 -8.883 109

KX =

9
11
-8.883 10 8.853 10

Cy
N

sec
C y zc
N sec

7
1.204 10
0

C y zc

N sec

2
Crx + Cy zc
Nm
rad

sec
7

2.368 10 -5.862 10
CY =

7
8
-5.862 10 5.036 10

ky zc
ky

N
N

K Y :=
2
ky zc krx + ky zc
N

Nm

rad

5.081 109 -1.258 1010

KY =

10
12
3.71 10
-1.258 10

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4.4 Dynamic Analaysis

2

Natural frequencies by solving K - M=0 we get the frequencies of the foundation as given below,

Vertical Mode of Vibration

z :=

K Z rad
MZ sec

z = 2.283 10 RPM

) ) rad
sec

xz =

) ) rad
sec

yz =

genvals KX , MX

genvals K Y , MY

X - Z plane rocking

xz := sort

Y - Z plane rocking

yz := sort

679.971
RPM
3
4.687 10
816.048
RPM
3
5.301 10

Frequency Check

Transmissibility factors of forces

Vertical Mode of Vibration

Vraible for unbalanced force frq.

Vertical Transmissibility

:= 0 .. nmu - 1

TRz :=

2
2
2

m
m

1
+
2

Gz
z
z
m

1 + 2 DGz

TRZ := max TRz

Horizontal X Transmissibility

TRx :=

TRZ = 1.264

2
2
2

m
m

1+ 2 DGx

xz0
xz0

m

1 + 2 DGx

xz
0

TRX := max TRx

TRX = 0.781

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TRy :=

Horizontal Y Transmissibility

2
2
2

m
m

1+ 2 DGy

yz0
yz0

m

1 + 2 DGy

yz
0

TRY := max TRy

TRY = 1.362

Expression for Vibration amplitudes of the system in various modes of vibration

UF :=

UF
N

UM :=

UM
Nm

XUC :=

XUC
m

m
m :=
rad

z
z :=
rad

sec

sec

Vertical Mode of Vibration

YUC :=

i =0

ZUC :=

ZUC
m

UFi , 2 sin m t + Uphi , 2

i

nmu- 1

A z ( t) :=

YUC
m

2
2
m
mi
i
KZ 1 + 2D
z Gz z

X - Z translation-rocking Mode of Vibration

Mode shape and frequencies matrix from solving K - 2M=0 X - Z translation-rocking Mode of Vibration
Eigen solution

1 := genvecs MX , KX

:= sort

genvals K X , MX

))

sign ( 10 , 0) sign( 10 , 1)

sign ( 11 , 0) sign( 11 , 1)

:=

1 :=

0 if 0 , 0 = 1 , 0
1 if 0 , 1 = 1 , 1

2 := 1 - 1

0
1

:= 1

1
2

:= 1

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1 -0.055

1
0.01

71.206

490.807

rad
sec

Calculation of proportional damping

0 T
0

CX 1
D1 :=

T
0 M 0 2 0
X

Damping ratio for first mode ( 1) and

second mode ( 2) of vibration

D1 = 0.193

1 T
1

CX 1
D2 :=

T
1 M 1 2 1
X

r1u :=

:=

Normalized mode shapes

r2u :=

N1 :=

0 T

MX 0
1

N2 :=

0 , 0 := N1
0

m
u

1 T

MX 1

1 , 0 := N1
1

D2 = 0.193

m
u
1

-3

1.204 10
N1 =

-5
1.234 10

1

-5

-2.849 10
N2 =

-4
5.214 10

0 , 1 := N2
0

1 , 1 := N2
1

Displacement vector in the decoupled coordinates are given as-

Translation-X due to Hor. forces in

X-direction

Translation-X due to moment generated

by Hor. forces Fx about Y-axis

1x ( t) :=

2x ( t) :=

) )

))

nmu- 1 0 , 1 UFi , 0 sin m t + Uphi , 0 ZUCi

i

i =0

Translation-X due to moment generated

by Vertical forces Fz about Y-axis

nmu-1 0 , 0 UFi , 0 sin m i t + Uphi , 0

2
2
2
i=0
0 1 - ( r1i ) + ( 2 D1 r1i )

3x ( t) :=

2
2
0 1 - ( r1i ) + 2 D1 r1i

))

nmu- 1 0 , 1 UFi , 2 sin m t + Uphi , 2 XUCi

i

i =0

2
2
0 1 - ( r1i ) + 2 D1 r1i

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Translation-X due to unbalanced

moment about Y-axis

4x ( t) :=

))

nmu- 1 0 , 1 UMi , 1 sin m t + Uphi , 1

i

2
2
0 1 - ( r1i ) + 2 D1 r1i

i =0

Total translation-x displacement vector

x ( t) := 1x ( t) + 2x ( t) + 3x ( t) + 4x ( t)

Rocking angle- due to Hor. forces in

X-direction

1 ( t) :=

Rocking angle- due to moment

generated by Hor. forces Fx about
Y-axis

2 ( t) :=

3 ( t) :=

4 ( t) :=

) )

))

nmu- 1 1 , 1 UFi , 0 sin m t + Uphi , 0 ZUCi

i

))

nmu- 1 1 , 1 UFi , 2 sin m t + Uphi , 2 XUCi

i

2
2
1 1 - ( r2i ) + 2 D2 r2i

))

nmu- 1 1 , 1 UMi , 1 sin m t + Uphi , 1

i

2
2
1 1 - ( r1i ) + 2 D2 r2i

i =0

Total Rocking angle-

displacement vector

( t) := 1 ( t) + 2 ( t) + 3 ( t) + 4 ( t)

X -displacment at center

A x ( t) := 0 , 0 x ( t) + 0 , 1 ( t)

q - rotation

A ( t) := 1 , 0 x ( t) + 1 , 1 ( t)

rad

Y - Z translation-pitching Mode of Vibration

Mode shape and frequencies matrix from solving K - 2M=0 X - Z translation-pitching Mode of Vibration
Eigen solution

1 := genvecs MY , K Y

:= sort

2
2
1 1 - ( r2i ) + 2 D2 r2i

i =0

Rocking angle- due to

unbalanced moment about Y-axis

nmu- 1 1 , 0 UFi , 0 sin m i t + Uphi , 0

2
2
2
i=0
1 1 - ( r2i ) + ( 2 D2 r2i )

i =0

Rocking angle- due to moment

generated by Vertical forces Fz
about Y-axis

))

genvals K Y , MY

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sign ( 10 , 0) sign( 10 , 1)

sign ( 11 , 0) sign( 11 , 1)

:=

1 :=

0 if 0 , 0 = 1 , 0
1 if 0 , 1 = 1 , 1

2 := 1 - 1

0
1

:= 1

1
2

:= 1

-0.061

3.473 10

-3

Calculation of proportional damping

Damping ratio for first ( 1) and
second ( 2) mode

0 T
0

C Y 1
D1 :=

T
2 0

0
0

1 T

C Y 1 1
D2 :=

T
1 M 1 2 1
Y

r1u :=

m
u

r2u :=

m
u

:=

Normalized vectors

0 T

N2 :=

0 , 0 := N1
0

N1 :=

1
1 T
1

MY
1 , 0 := N1
1

-3

1.204 10
N1 =

-6
4.181 10

0
MY

-5

-1.747 10
N2 =

-4
2.881 10
0 , 1 := N2
0

1 , 1 := N2
1

Displacement vector in the decoupled coordinates are given as

Translation-Y due to Hor. forces

in Y-direction

1y ( t) :=

) )

nmu-1 0 , 0 UFi , 1 sin m i t + Uphi , 1

2
2
2
i=0
0 1 - ( r1i ) + ( 2 D1 r1i )

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Translation-Y due to moment

generated by Hor. forces Fy
about X-axis
Translation-Y due to moment
generated by Vertical forces Fz
about X-axis

Translation-Y due to unbalanced

moment about X-axis

DOCUMENT TITLE:

2y ( t) :=

3y ( t) :=

))

))

nmu- 1 0 , 1 UFi , 2 sin m t + Uphi , 2 YUCi

i

2
2
0 1 - ( r1i ) + 2 D1 r1i

i =0

4y ( t) :=

2
2
0 1 - ( r1i ) + 2 D1 r1i

i =0

))

nmu- 1 0 , 0 UMi , 0 sin m t + Uphi , 1

i

i =0

Total translation-x displacement

vector

nmu- 1 0 , 1 UFi , 1 sin m t + Uphi , 1 ZUCi

i

2
2
0 1 - ( r1i ) + 2 D1 r1i

y ( t) := 1y ( t) + 2y ( t) + 3y ( t) + 4y ( t)

Rotation in pitching in Y-Z plane

Pitching angle - due to Hor.

forces in Y-direction

Pitching angle - due to

moment generated by Hor.
forces Fy about X-axis

1 ( t) :=

2 ( t) :=

Pitching angle - due to

unbalanced moment about X-axis

3 ( t) :=

Y -displacment at center (m)

- rotation (rad)

))

2
2
1 1 - ( r2i ) + 2 D2 r2i

))

2
2
1 1 - ( r2i ) + 2 D2 r2i

))

nmu- 1 1 , 1 UMi , 0 sin m t + Uphi , 1

i
i =0

Total Pitching angle -

displacement vector

) )

nmu- 1 1 , 1 UFi , 2 sin m t + Uphi , 2 YUCi

i

i =0

4 ( t) :=

nmu- 1 1 , 1 UFi , 1 sin m t + Uphi , 0 ZUCi

i

i =0

Pitching angle - due to moment

generated by Vertical forces Fz
about X-axis

nmu- 1 1 , 0 UFi , 1 sin m i t + Uphi , 1

2
2
2
i=0
1 1 - ( r2i ) + ( 2 D2 r2i )

2
2
1 1 - ( r1i ) + 2 D2 r2i

( t) := 1 ( t) + 2 ( t) + 3 ( t) + 4 ( t)

A y ( t) := 0 , 0 y ( t) + 0 , 1 ( t)

A ( t) := 1 , 0 y ( t) + 1 , 1 ( t)

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5.0 VIBRATION AMPLITUDE AND VELOCITY

n := 200

i := 0 .. nrp - 1

ii :=

0.2
ii
n

ii := 0 .. n
xc
xc :=
m

rad
z := z
sec

nrp := 2

yc :=

xdi := xc - IPi , 0

yc

zc :=

zc
m

ydi := yc - IP i , 1

rad
m := m
sec
zdi := zc - IPi , 2

5.1 Vibration Amplitude

Amplitude in X-direction at 1st and 2nd point of interest
AX ( i , t) := Ax ( t) + IPi , 2 - zc A ( t)

AX1 ( t) := A x ( t) + IP 0 , 2 - zc A ( t) m
AX2 ( t) := A x ( t) + IP 1 , 2 - zc A ( t) m
AX 1 := max ( max ( AX1( ) ) , min( AX1( ) ) )
AX 2 := max ( max ( AX2( ) ) , min( AX2( ) ) )

AX 1 = 0.645 m
AX 2 = 0.645 m

Amplitude in Y-direction at 1st and 2nd point of interest

AY ( i , t) := A y ( t) + IP i , 2 - zc A ( t)

AY1 ( t) := A y ( t) + IP 0 , 2 - zc A ( t) m
AY2 ( t) := A y ( t) + IP 1 , 2 - zc A ( t) m
AY1 := max ( max ( AY1 ( ) ) , min( AY1 ( ) ) )
AY2 := max ( max ( AY2 ( ) ) , min( AY2 ( ) ) )

AY1 = 0.085 m
AY2 = 0.085 m

Amplitude in Z-direction at 1st and 2nd point of interest

AZ ( i , t) := Az ( t) + IPi , 0 - xc A ( t) + IP i , 1 - yc A ( t)

AZ1 ( t) := Az ( t) + IP0 , 0 - xc A ( t) + IP0 , 1 - yc A ( t) m

AZ2 ( t) := Az ( t) + IP1 , 0 - xc A ( t) + IP1 , 1 - yc A ( t) m

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AZ1 := max ( max ( AZ1 ( ) ) , min( AZ1 ( ) ) )

AZ1 = 0.155 m

AZ2 := max ( max ( AZ2 ( ) ) , min( AZ2 ( ) ) )

AZ2 = 0.265 m

RMS amplitude 1st and 2nd point of interest

2

A ( i , t) :=

AX ( i , t) + AY ( i , t) + AZ( i , t)
2

A1 ( t) :=

AX ( 0 , t) + AY ( 0 , t) + AZ ( 0 , t) m

A2 ( t) :=

AX ( 1 , t) + AY ( 1 , t) + AZ ( 1 , t) m

A 1 := max ( max ( A1 ( ) ) , min( A1 ( ) ) )

A 1 = 0.654 m

A 2 := max ( max ( A2 ( ) ) , min( A2 ( ) ) )

Amplitude_check :=

A 2 = 0.664 m

"OK" if A 1 A 2 < Aztp

"Amplitude is HIGH" otherwise

Amplitude_check = "OK"

5.2 Vibration Velocity

Velocity in X-direction at 1st and 2nd point of interest

VX ( i , t) :=

VX1 ( t) :=

d
dt

VX2 ( t) :=

d
dt

d
dt

( Ax (t) +

IPi , 2 - zc A ( t)

( Ax (t) +

IP0 , 2 - zc A ( t)

( Ax (t) +

IP1 , 2 - zc A ( t)

0.2
ii
n

VX11ii := VX1

0.2
ii
n

VX22ii := VX2

VX 1 := max ( max ( VX11) , min( VX11) )

m
sec

VX 1 = 0.076

1
mm
s

VX 2 := max ( max ( VX22) , min( VX22) )

m
sec

VX 2 = 0.076

1
mm
s

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Velocity in Y-direction at 1st and 2nd point of interest

d
A y ( t) + IP i , 2 - zc A ( t)
dt

VY ( i , t) :=

VY1 ( t) :=

d
Ay ( t) + IP0 , 2 - zc A ( t)
dt

VY2 ( t) :=

d
Ay ( t) + IP0 , 2 - zc A ( t)
dt

(
(

0.2
ii
n

0.2
ii
n

VY11ii := VY1

VY22ii := VY2

m
VY1 := max ( max ( VY11) , min( VY11) )
sec

1
VY1 = 0.01 mm
s

m
VY2 := max ( max ( VY22) , min( VY22) )
sec

1
VY2 = 0.01 mm
s

Velocity in Z-direction at 1st and 2nd point of interest

VZ ( i , t) :=

VZ1 ( t) :=

VZ2 ( t) :=

d
dt

( Az (t) +

IP 0 , 0 - xc A ( t) + IP 0 , 1 - yc A ( t)

d
A z ( t) + IP 1 , 0 - xc A ( t) + IP 1 , 1 - yc A ( t)
dt

dt

( Az(t) +

IPi , 0 - xc A ( t) + IP i , 1 - yc A ( t)

0.2
ii
n

VZ11ii := VZ1

0.2
ii
n

VZ22ii := VZ2

m
VZ1 := max ( max ( VZ11) , min( VZ11) )
sec

1
VZ1 = 0.025 mm
s

m
VZ2 := max ( max ( VZ22) , min( VZ22) )
sec

1
VZ2 = 0.052 mm
s

RMS velocity at 1st and 2nd point of interest

V ( i , t) :=

VX ( i , t) + VY ( i , t) + VZ( i , t)

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V1 ( t) :=

VX ( 0 , t) + VY ( 0 , t) + VZ ( 0 , t)

V2 ( t) :=

VX ( 1 , t) + VY ( 1 , t) + VZ ( 1 , t)

0.2
ii
n

V11ii := V1

Velocity_check :=

0.2
ii
n

V22ii := V2

V 1 := max ( max ( V11) , min( V11) )

m
sec

V 1 = 0.077

1
mm
s

V 2 := max ( max ( V22) , min( V22) )

m
sec

V 2 = 0.084

1
mm
s

"OK" if V1 V2 < V allow

"Velocity is HIGH" otherwise

Velocity_check = "OK"

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6.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSION OF DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

6.1 Frequency Check
Operating frequency and recommended frequency band to be avoided

Lower limit of frequency band

740.229
740.229
m Lfb =
3 rpm
5.378 10
5.378 103

Operating Frequency

1.047 103

1.047 103
m =
rpm
7.607 103

3
7.607 10

Upper limit of frequency band

1.47 103

1.47 103
m Hfb =
rpm
1.068 104

4
1.068 10

Vertical mode of vibration

3

z = 2.283 10 rpm

frequency_check_vertical = "OK"

Coupled slidingX-rocking mode of vibration

679.971
xz =
rpm
3
4.687 10

frequency_check_slidingX = "OK"
frequency_check_rocking = "OK"

Coupled slidingY-pitching mode of vibration

816.048
yz =
rpm
3
5.301 10

frequency_check_slidingY = "Inside frequency band"

frequency_check_pitching = "OK"

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6.2 Amplitude Check

Zero to peak amplitude of vibration

A ztp = 4.8 m

Maximum amplitude of vibration

(Zero to peak)

max A1 , A 2 = 0.664 m

Amplitude_check = "OK"

VIBRATION AMPLITUDE AT POINTS OF INTEREST

Amplitude (micron-m)

0.8

0.6
A1 ( t) 10
A2 ( t) 10

6
6

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

t
Time (sec)

Allowable velocity of vibration

Maximum velocity of vibration

V allow = 1.8

mm
sec

mm
max V1 , V 2 = 0.084
sec

Velocity_check = "OK"

6.3 Conclusion
The dynamic analysis of machine foundation on piles for the "..................................." presented in

this program have been done following all relevant Codes, Project specifications and Standards. As
per the requirement of equipment vendor, natural frequencies are kept away from machine
frequency by ............%. Amplitudes and velocity of vibration are well within stipulated limit. Hence,
the design is considered OKAY from dynamic behaviour point of view.

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