Transmission & Distribution

Unit I
Marks: 2
1) Draw the structure of AC power systems with typical voltage levels?
2) What are feeders, distributors and service mains referred to distribution systems?
3) Draw a typical distribution network and name the various sections
4) Mention the equipments that supply reactive power in HVDC converter stations?
5) What are the advantages of high voltage ac transmission?
6) Mention the disadvantages of high voltage ac transmission.
7) What are the different types of bus-bar arrangements in substations?
8) What are the types of HVDC links?
9) State Kelvins law
10) State any two limitations of Kelvins law.
Marks: 16
1) Draw and explain the structure of AC power systems with typical voltage levels.
2) Explain the different types of HVDC links. Also mention the advantages and disadvantages of HVDC
transmission system.
3) Explain the principle of operation of HVDC transmission system and explain its necessity.
4) Write the advantage and disadvantage of EHVAC and EHVDC transmission systems.
5) Explain in detail the various bus-bar arrangement schemes in substations with neat sketches.
Unit II
Marks: 2
1) What are the constants of an overhead transmission line?
2) What is skin effect?
3) Why skin effect is absent in dc system?
4) What is the effect of skin effect on the resistance of the line?
5) What are symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing of conductors?
6) What is meant by transposition of line conductors?
7) Give the expressions for inductance and capacitance of a single phase transmission line.
8) Define proximity effect.
9) On what factors do the skin effect depends?
10) Define voltage regulation.
Marks: 16
1) From the fundamentals derive an expression for inductance of a single phase transmission system and
define Geometric Mean Radius.
2) (i) Derive the expression for inductance of a three phase transmission line with symmetrical spacing
(ii) Determine the inductance of a 3- phase line, operating at 50 Hz and the conductors are arranged as
an equilateral triangle with the spacing of 1.5m and the conductor diameter is 0.7m.

3) Derive the expression for inductance of a three phase transmission line with unsymmetrical spacing
4) (i) Derive the expression for capacitance of a three phase transmission line with symmetrical spacing
(ii) A 3 phase overhead transmission line has its conductors arranged at the corner of an equilateral
triangle of 2m side. Calculate the capacitance of each line conductor per km. Given that the radius of each
conductor is 0.65 cm.
5) Derive the expression for capacitance of a three phase Asymmetrically spaced transposed line .
Unit III
Marks: 2
1) How the transmission lines are classified depends on its length and transmission voltage?
2) Define regulation and efficiency of a transmission line.
3) Draw the single phase equivalent circuit of short transmission line.
4) Draw the single phase equivalent circuit of the medium transmission line.
5) What are nominal T and nominal methods?
6) What is Ferranti effect?
7) What is surge impedance and surge impedance loading?
8) Draw the phase representation of a short transmission line.
9) What is the use of power circle diagram?
10) What is meant by compensation? What are the devices used for compensation?
11) What are the voltage control equipments? Where they are located?
Marks: 16
1) (i) Explain the analysis of short transmission line using A, B, C and D parameter.
(ii) A 3-phase, 50 Hz, 16 km long overhead line supplies 1000 kW at 11 kV, 0.8 pf. Lagging. The
line resistance is 0.03 ohm per phase per km and line inductance is 0.7 mH per phase per km.
Calculate the sending end voltage, voltage regulation and efficiency of transmission.
2) Explain the procedure for determining the transmission efficiency and voltage regulation of
medium line using nominal T method and nominal methods.
3) Explain the procedure for determining the transmission efficiency and voltage regulation of
medium line.
4) Explain any about power transfer capability of transmission lines.
5) Why compensation is required in power systems? Explain briefly about series compensation and
shunt compensation.
Unit IV
Marks: 2
1) What are the different parts of an Underground cable?
2) Write the types of cables according to their voltage levels.
3) Write the types of cables according to the three phase services.
4) What are the commonly used insulation materials in cables?
5) Define grading of the cables. What are the types of grading?
6) What are the different types of cable faults?

7) Define an insulator. What are the different types of insulators?

8) What are the properties of an insulator and what are the materials used?
9) Define String efficiency.
10) What are the advantages of suspension type insulators?
Marks: 16
1) Explain the constructional details of a 3 core cable with a neat sketch.
2) Explain the different types of cables employed for three phase service with neat sketches.
3) Derive the expression for (i) Insulation resistance of a cable and (ii) Capacitance of a three core cable
4) Explain the different types of grading of cables in detail.
5) Explain the thermal characteristics of cable.
Unit V
Marks: 2
1) What are the major factors to be considered in the design of overhead lines?
2) What is meant by sag in overhead lines?
3) Why sag and tension are considered important in the mechanical design of overhead lines?
4) How are the sag, tension and temperature of overhead lines related to each other?
5) What are stringing charts? Where it is used?
6) Write the expression for sag for equal level supports.
7) What are the various factors that affect sag?
8) What is the effect of wind and ice loading on the overhead lines?
9) What is corona? What are the factors that affect Corona?
10) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Corona loss?
Marks: 16
1) Derive the expression for sag in overhead lines when

(i)

Supports are at equal levels and (ii) Supports are at unequal levels,

2) Explain the following

(i) The effect of wind and ice loading on overhead line conductor.
(ii) Factors to be considered in the mechanical design of lines.
3) Derive the expressions for critical disruptive voltage and power loss due to corona formation.
4) Explain the theory of corona formation. What are the factors that affect corona? What are the
advantages and disadvantages of Corona?
5)

(i) Write short notes on corona discharges(6 Marks)

(ii) A 3 phase 220 kV, 50Hz transmission line consists of 1.5 cm radius conductor spaced 2 meters

apart in equilateral triangular formation. If the temperature is 40 C and atmospheric pressure is 76 cm,
calculate the corona loss per km of the line. Take m=0.85. (10 marks)