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Holden Kerr
Ms. Knudson
UWRT 1103-004
November 9, 2016
Annotated Bibliography: Biofuels
Babu, Vikash, Ashish Thapliyal, and Girijesh Kumar Patel. "Microalgae in Biofuel ProductionCurrent Status and Future Prospects." Biofuels Production. Salem, MA: Scrivenor, 2014.
167-209. Print.
Biofuels Production was written by Vikash Babu, Ashish Thapliyal, and
Girijesh Kumar Patel. The purpose of this chapter of Biofuels Production is to inform
the reader about the use of microalgae as a feasible biofuel. The authors present their
argument by presenting the potential applications of microalgae in biofuel production,
how they would choose certain types of microalgae to use in the biofuels, how it will be
cultivated for production, and how the biofuel will be made. They go into detail on many
different types of biofuels that can be made with microalgae such as biohydrogen,
biodiesel, and bioethanol. They also cover the challenges in the production of the
microalgae based biofuels. They conclude that microalgae based biofuels have good
economic and environmental feasibility.
This source is from a research book about biofuel production. This chapter of the
book is focused on the production of biofuels from microalgae. The authors of this text
all have their doctorates in the field of microbiology and are researchers at the Graphic

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Era University in Dehra Dun, India. They organize their text into many subsections that
highlight different parts of their research. This organization allows the reader to easily
find information that they are looking for.

"Biofuels Basics." National Renewable Energy Laboratory. National Renewable Energy

Laboratory, n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016.
The author of this source is the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, a division
of the U.S department of energy. The purpose of this source is to teach about the basics
of biofuels and how they are used. The author talks about the two main types of biofuels,
ethanol and biodiesel. In the first several paragraphs they talk about the process of
making ethanol based biofuels. The last paragraph talks about what biodiesels are made
of and how they are made.
This source is an internet article from a government agency. The author is an
authoritative figure because they are from the U.S. Department of Energy, which is a
leading organization in renewable energy studies.

The source is structured as an

informative article. The author first states a summary of what will be in the article and
then talks about the contents and gives examples on what they are, how they are made,
and how the NREL is trying to improve upon them.

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"Biofuels Make a Comeback Despite Tough Economy." Worldwatch Institute. Worldwatch

Institute, 29 Aug. 2011. Web. 09 Nov. 2016.
This source is an internet article published by the Worldwatch Institute. The
purpose of the article is to inform the reader about the increased global production of
biofuels despite a tough economy. The article starts off by informing the reader that
biofuel production had reached and all time high globally. The article then goes on to
talk about why biofuel production increased globally. The article then talks about how
the EPA is reducing funding for first generation biofuels like corn ethanol for more viable
second generation biofuels. In conclusion, the article states that due to new legislature
supporting biofuel production the number of biofuels produced will continue to grow
worldwide.
This source is and internet article published by the World Institute. They are an
independent research institute devoted to global environmental concerns. It is recognized
worldwide for its fact-based analysis. This article is structured as an informative article.
The author presents the information in an organized matter by first introducing that
biofuel production has increased worldwide.

They then go on to describe how it

happened and what will happen in the future. They use bullet points at the end or the
article to highlight important facts and figures.

Demirbas, Ayhan. "Chapter 7: Biofuel Economy." Biofuels: Securing the Planet's Future Energy
Needs. New York: Springer, 2009. 305-16. Print.

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This source is a chapter from a book on Biofuels by Ayhan Demirbas, a chemical

engineer. The purpose of this chapter of his book is to argue the economic viability of
biofuels compared to fossil fuels. Demirbas organizes his argument through different
sections and subsections throughout the text covering different areas of economic
viability. He starts with an introduction section and then carries on to talk about the
economy of biofuels and biodiesels through detailed cost estimates and comparisons to
fossil fuels. Demirbas uses many tables to compare the minimum and maximum costs of
many different types of energy sources by the production cost of 1 kWh of energy. The
costs of most of the biofuels and biodiesels are cheaper than fossil fuels to produce.
Demirbas concludes that the economic and environmental viability of many of these
biofuels are worth the switch from fossil fuels.
This source is from the book Biofuels: Securing the Planets Future Energy
Needs written by Dr. Ayhan Demirbas. Demirbas is a researcher and professor on the
topic of renewable energy, specifically biofuels and biodiesels.

He organizes his

argument through different sections and subsections throughout the text covering
different areas of economic viability. This allows the reader to easily find information
that they are looking for in the text. Demirbas presents his work in an organized and
thoroughly sourced fashion so the reader knows that they are getting accurate
information.

Koshel, Patricia, and Kathleen McAllister. "Biofuels R&D." Transitioning to Sustainability

Through Research and Development on Ecosystem Services and Biofuels. Washington,
D.C.: National Academies, 2008. 19-28. Print.

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Transitioning to Sustainability Through Research and Development on

Ecosystem Services and Biofuels is a workshop summary written by Patricia Koshel and
Kathleen McAllister.

The purpose of the Biofuels R&D section of this workshop

summary is to inform the reader about the challenges and opportunities for the
sustainability of biofuels. The authors summarized what many of the speakers of the
workshop had to say about the viability of biofuels through cost analysis and long-term
viability. They also covered federal policies and research priorities that are related to
biofuels. They concluded this section with questions on the implications of biofuels for
international trade and the effect of expanding agricultural land to produce the resources
needed for biofuel production.
This source is a summary of a workshop on expanding biofuel research and
development. The authors are Patricia Koshel and Kathleen McAllister. Koshel was the
director of Bilateral Programs in the Office of International Affairs at the U.S
Environmental Protection Agency while McAllister is a research associate with the
Science and Technology for Sustainability Program at the National Academies. They use
different sections to categorize and summarize the different parts of the workshop. This
makes it easier for the reader to find certain information that they are looking for. The
authors summarize the workshop by using key points from different speakers
presentations.

Koshel, Patricia, and Kathleen McAllister. "Policies Driving the Expansion of Biofuel
Production." Expanding Biofuel Production and the Transition to Advanced Biofuels:

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Lessons for Sustainability from the Upper Midwest. Washington, D.C.: National
Academies, 2010. 5-10. Print.
Expanding Biofuel Production and the Transition to Advanced Biofuels: Lessons
for Sustainability from the Upper Midwest is a workshop summary written by Patricia
Koshel and Kathleen McAllister. The purpose of this section of the book is to educate the
reader about policies that have been passed in the united states promoting the use of
biofuels. In the text, they cover federal legislation that funds the production of biofuels
and explain how the legislation works. They use tables to show how a projection of how
much biofuel production will increase over 12 years.

They also describe the

requirements that biofuels must meet to be considered biofuels under the legislation.
They conclude that this legation will be used to create a biofuel industry in the United
States while reducing Americas reliance on imported petroleum.
This source is a summary of a workshop on expanding biofuel production. The
authors are Patricia Koshel and Kathleen McAllister. Koshel was the director of Bilateral
Programs in the Office of International Affairs at the U.S Environmental Protection
Agency while McAllister is a research associate with the Science and Technology for
Sustainability Program at the National Academies. The book is organized into different
sections covering different parts of the workshop. The section used for this source
covered the policies regarding biofuel production. They organized the information by
dividing the chapter in to sections regarding federal policies and state policies. They used
tables and bullet points to organize and display information to the reader to make it easier
for the reader to understand the important parts of the legislation.

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Mabee, W.E. "Policy Options to Support Biofuel Production." Biofuels. New York: Berlin, 2007.
330-51. Print.
Biofuels is a book published by Springer that has many sections written by
many different researchers. This section, Policy Options to Support Biofuel Production,
is written by W.E. Mabee. The purpose of this section is to inform the reader about
policies that affect biofuel production in Brazil, The United States, and The European
Union. To argue his point Mabee first outlined the most commonly used biofuels, how
much is made per year, and how they are most commonly made. He then goes on to
describe biofuel production in the countries were the most biofuels are made. He uses
many tables and graphs to support his arguments. He also discusses the political goals of
the biofuel related policies. He concludes his argument by stating that to have successful
biofuel related policies there must be a lot of government funding and consumption
mandates.
This source is a research paper regarding policy about biofuels. It is written by
W.E. Mabee a professor of Biotechnology at the University of British Columbia in
Canada. Mabee organizes his paper by using many different sections. Within these
sections he uses many tables and diagrams to support his arguments. This gives the
reader visuals to look at to keep them engaged with the material. He also has a very long
list of sources at the end of the chapter to show that is a well-researched and credible
paper.

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Siegel, RP. "How Biofuel Is Made." Triple Pundit. Triple Pundit, 07 Feb. 2015. Web. 09 Nov.
2016.
This source is an internet article written by RP Siegel an author, mechanical
engineer, and inventor. The purpose of this article is to inform the reader on the different
generations of biofuels, where biofuels came from, how they are produced, and how they
will impact the environment.

Siegel starts the article by describing what the first

generation of biofuels are and how they are made. He then talks about the second
generation of biofuels and how they are made. Siegel argues that most of the biofuels
have a positive impact on the environment when compared with fossil fuels although the
use of fertilizers to grow many of the products for the biofuels could tip the carbon
balance in favor of fossil fuels. He also argues that algae based fossil fuels if it can be
easily mass produced.
The type of this source is an internet article published by Triple Pundit, a global
media platform that covers environmental topics. The article was written by RP Siegel, a
published author, mechanical engineer, and an inventor with over 50 patents. The article
is structured to be informative. He starts the article off by introducing the topic in a nonthreatening way and then proceeds to inform the reader on the different generations of
biofuels with detailed information on where they come from and the different methods
from which they are produced.

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Workshop Memo
With the in-class work shop memo I learned how to better my annotated bibliography.
During the workshop, I read several annotated bibliographies from my peers and they read mine.
Through reading others, I learned how to correctly format and write my annotated bibliography.
Through the feedback given I could improve my paper and make it more concise and accurate.