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INTEGRATED
NAVIGATION
SYSTEM
Topic : INS n IBS

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The Master

INTEGRATED NAVIGATION SYSTEM

The System
Manager
Topic : INS n IBS

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interpreting
system output
monitoring
vessel
response.

choosing
system presets,

provide control
signals required
to maintain a
vessel on a
preset course.
inputs from
various ship
sensors,
electronically
display
positioning
information
3

Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)
Integrated systems take inputs from various

ship sensors, electronically display

positioning information, and provide control
signals required to maintain a vessel on a
preset course. The navigator becomes a
system manager, choosing system presets,
interpreting system output, and monitoring
vessel response.
Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION SYSTEM

(INS)
is a combination of systems that are
interconnected to increase safe and efficient
navigation and traffic surveillance when
used by suitably qualified personnel.
It evaluates the input from other sensors
and gives timely warnings of potential
dangers and degradation of the information
output.
Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)

Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)
Recent advances in electronic navigation apparatus and

circuits have provided suitable sensor output which can

be integrated into one master navigation unit.
The input data required for a safe and economical
navigation and for an integrated navigation system are
available from:

Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)
a heading sensor, i.e. pulses from a gyroscopic

compass including the correction of gyro errors

a velocity sensor ,pulsed input from a duel axis
speed log, with corrections for the difference in
speed over ground n speed through the water.
sea water temperature and salinity sensors
pitch and roll sensor, with electronic inclinometer
compensating for changes in the indicated speed.
Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)

Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)
A heading sensor that incorporates innovative

electromagnetic compass technology for highly accurate

and stable readouts of a ship's heading.
Pitch and roll sensor: dynamic roll and pitch accuracy to
0.25
a depth sensor (e.g. output from an echo sounder displayed on

the VDU)

Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)
Satellite Navigation Receiver. Output of a single or
dual channel receiver is used to up-date the DR
position
GPS - global positioning system.
Radar. Processed data from both 3 or 10 an (s and x
band) anti-collision radars is of vital importance for
the safe passage of a vessel (ARPA).
Auto-Pilot, with a rudder movement indicator.
Satcom
Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)

Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)
In addition to these sensors the integrated navigation
system may also include an anemometer, a barometer,
VDU with sufficient memory, various alarm systems.
Likewise, a display of weather forecasts and warnings
as well as of reports to navigators are available via
satellite. Port information may be included, too.

Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)

Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)

Topic : INS n IBS

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Integrated Navigation System

Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)
Navtex/weather fax
machine

Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED NAVIGATION
SYSTEM (INS)

Topic : INS n IBS

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Purpose of INS
1. to enhance the safety of navigation by
providing integrated and augmented functions.
2. to provide added value to plan, monitor
and/or control safety of navigation and progress.
3. to monitor Integrity by evaluating inputs from
several sources and combining to provide info.
4. to give timely alerts of dangerous situations,
system failures and degradation of integrity of info
5. to ensure the workload is kept within the
operators capacity.
Topic : INS n IBS

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6. to present correct, timely, and unambiguous

information to the users and provide subsystems
and subsequent functions within the INS and
other connected equipment with this information.
7. to complement the mariner's capabilities, while
at the same time to compensate for their
limitations.
8. to be demonstrably suitable for the user and
the given task in a particular context of use.
9. to support operational modes and situation
awareness.
Topic : INS n IBS

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Operational Modes of INS

1. Man-over-board (MOB) mode,
2. Search and rescue mode,
3. route monitoring,
collision avoidance
navigation control data,
4. route planning,
status and data display, and
alert management,
Topic : INS n IBS

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The mode in use should be clearly indicated.

If the mode in use is not the normal mode, this
should be clearly indicated.
Example of other than the normal mode are:
degraded condition modes, in which the INS
cannot fully perform all functions
service modes
simulation mode
training (familiarization) mode
other modes, in which the INS cannot be
used for navigation.
Topic : INS n IBS

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Categories of INS
INS (A):
ensures fulfilment of minimum functional requirements including
requirements for the common reference interface system. It
provides information of position, speed, heading and time, each
clearly marked with an indication of integrity.
INS (B):
in addition to the functional requirements for INS (A), it enables
reception of information necessary for making danger avoidance
decisions.

INS (C):
in addition to the functional requirements for INS (B), it enables
performance of functions for the automatic course, track or speed
control.
Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRITY
Ability of the INS to provide the user with
information within the specified accuracy in a
timely, complete and unambiguous manner, and
alerts within a specified time when the system
should be used with caution or not at all.

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Topic : INS n IBS

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Integrity monitoring is an intrinsic function of the

INS; the integrity of information is verified by
comparison of the data derived from two or more
sources if available.
In the integrity monitoring, the integrity is verified
before essential information is displayed or used
and information with doubtful integrity should be
clearly marked by the INS and not to be used for
automatic control systems.
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Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED
BRIDGE
SYSTEM
(IBS)
Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED BRIDGE
SYSTEM (IBS)
.An IBS is defined as a combination of

systems which are interconnected in order

to allow centralized access to sensor
information or command/control from
workstations, with the aim of increasing safe
and efficient ship's management by suitably
qualified personnel.
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Topic : INS n IBS

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INTEGRATED
Combining or coordinating
separate elements so as to
provide harmonious,
interrelated whole,
organized or structured so
that constituent units
function cooperatively.
Topic : INS n IBS

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Ship fluid level (pressure, temperature,

draft) monitoring system
(cargo, ballast)

Topic : INS n IBS

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Topic : INS n IBS

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Integrated bridge systems

shall be so arranged that failure of one sub-system is
brought to immediate
attention of the officer in charge of the navigational watch by
audible and visual alarms, and does not cause failure to any
other sub
system. In case of failure in one part of an integrated
navigational system, it shall be possible to operate each othe
r individual item of equipment or part of the system
separately.
4
Topic : INS n IBS

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PERFORMANCE STANDARDS OF IBS

A. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT:
The IBS should support systems performing two or more of the following operations:
1. passage execution;
2. communications;

3. machinery control;
4. loading, discharging and cargo control; and
5. safety and security.

Topic : INS n IBS

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Advantages of Integrated Systems.

All instruments interact in a network
Many procedures are automated
Centralised display of results
Centralised alarm monitoring
Reduced workload and stress
Improved precision, performance and
efficiency
Decision making is easier

Topic : INS n IBS

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Advantages of IBS for Navigators

Common display panel
Central preference panel
Central alarm panel and priority of alarms
Multifunctional displays
Confidence through internal system checks

Topic : INS n IBS

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Disadvantages of IBS

Over reliance on the system

Expensive development costs
A structured and expensive training
program is required to fully appreciate
the system
Reduces choice in components

Topic : INS n IBS

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SOLAS 74 Chapter 5

* Refer to Guidelines on ergonomic criteria for

bridge equipment and layout (MSC/Circ.982).
Performance standards for IBS (resolution
MSC.64(67); annex 1); and for INS (resolution
MSC.86(70); annex 3).

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Topic : INS n IBS

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Bibliography
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Topic : INS n IBS

Resolution MSC.64(67), recommendation on per.std. for IBS.

Resolution MSC.86(70), recommendation on per.std. for INS.
IMO Model Course 1.32
IBS Vol.1; Dr. Andy Norris; Nautical Institute.
Electronic Aids to Navigation; L Tetley & D Calcutt
naudeq.org/product
marineinsight.com
Integrated bridge systems volume 1 & 2, Dr. Andy Norris

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