[MUSIC] Hello again and welcome back.

In this lecture I'm going to show you

how to use the Point Density tool. We won't use any particularly
fancy metrics for it but it's a way to transform a discrete set
of locations into a continuous field. We've done this before with things
like the Euclidean distance where we have the distance to features. But the Poin
t Density tool
gives us a different metric. It can tail off further so there might not
be really much of a value out here because there's no real point density here or
in here. But we can get a sense for
just how much information is in these areas where information
can be a couple different things. So to start,
let's just take a quick look at it. So once again we're in spatial analyst and
in the density tool set, and the tool we're going to
use at point density. And I specify my Input features. And, I can optionally
give a population field. And we're going to run
it with an without that. And for now, let's do NONE. And the population field is
a way to give the points a different
value than they have on their own. So if we went without it, it's going to do de
nsity of the actual points in each
location where each point counts as one. But if we went with the population
field that field can contain values and it's going to then treat that point as,
instead of one, it's going to
treat it as whatever number it is. For the density and since density is
a value over an area in this case it can significantly increase the value and we
can leave the area the same to compare it. So I'm going to call
this layer point density, regular and
I live output cell size at the default. It calculates it by using the extent and
divided by 250. And let s have it do a circle
with default radius as well. So it's a Map Units Cell, it's gives up
80 meter radius around each point is or around each cell is what it searching fo
r
the density and let's run it. Okay, and it's pretty quick and
if I turn off the points for a sec, we can see sort of pattern here. So if we lo
ok at each cell, it's clearly
searching the given area for more points. And we can see that there is with high
er
numbers of points or kind of in between a cluster of points have higher
values even, I think make sense. I don't know if there s
a lot to explain here, we got this little bubbles where we
have a few points and lighter colors. We re having less density and
the bottom class that it gave us means that this area doesn't really show
up in any darker color than the lightest. Well we can tweak
the perimeters a bit here, so what if I run it again,
all right let's start with the other one. So I'm going to go results
in current session and I'll double click on the tool there,
and now let's run it with population. And in a population field I have
some just kind of made up data for customer traffic to each
of these locations. So maybe they're all businesses. And I want to see where the
highest
density of customers is. So the customer traffic field is my
value field here for the density. And I m going to leave everything
else the same and click OK. And not massively different, but
we get different results still. And let's turn off the points again and
we can kind of look back and forth. And we see some changes,
it seems to consolidate a little bit. And that might just be because the data,
but we still get a different result here. And another thing that we can see is
that here the highest value is 857 or the highest value here is 270,000. So what
it's doing is for
each cell it's summing the values of the neighboring population field before
it does the density calculation. So if our customer data is in

the hundreds in a lot of these cases for each cell that's looking
in an 80 meter radius. It's then summing the populations fields
here, it's going to get a large value for per square kilometer because
it searches within 80 meters. And then in the math it then
divides that as if it's representing a square kilometer and
we get this for value here of 270,000 costumer
traffic units per square kilometer. Now let's run this one more time in
tweak the settings just once more. And we can still use the population field,
but now to 150 and
just kind a see how that goes. And just like when we were
working with local statistics, we have a few different
shapes we can search with. I'm going to leave it as a circle, but we
can use some of the other units there, or some of the other kind
of search area types. And I'll click OK again. And now this looks a little diffe
rent and
in fact a little smoother to me. It looks maybe more like, it somehow
seems more appropriate to the data to have this kind of
larger cluster in here. Because that seems to be what's going
on this is the most dense area. And then as we get further out
it kind of tails off in a more even way instead of having
these striations in it. So if we change the search area it's
then getting the data from much further around it before it
then does the division by area. Now this isn't truly a hotspot analysis or
anything like that. We could do that in the spatial
statistics toolbox down here with the mapping clusters. But it gives us a sense
for where things
are going on in a raster format and once again giving us a way to
transform vector data to raster. In a way that's kind of meaningful that
we can use in some other work flow. So we can then take this
into raster calculator or any other number after tools for
processing this density measure here. Okay, and I'll keep this short. That's rea
lly all I have to show
you about this tool right now. I just want to make sure
you know about it, and know about this density tool set as well. This is it for
a special analyst at this point, and I encourage you to take a look
through the tool box again. Now that you're more
experienced with GIS and see all the different tools that are here. May be when
you've looked at but, before
you didn't have as big of an understanding of all the geo spacial concepts. And
you might have actually have some
different ideas looking through it again. I tend to kind of look through whole
tool box every handful of months because I think that each set of tools here can
kind of help once you get each different concept in GIS. A lot of the looks at s
patial analyst in
this course have been focused much more on just kind of getting you to know a co
ncept
as opposed to using it in depth. And that's because there's so
much there but I want to make sure you have a sense for
the wide variety of capabilities, since you're all coming
from different backgrounds. No one tool or workflow is going to
completely encapsulate everything. I've tried to show workflows,
but I've also tried to show you different tools that might give you
ideas for workflows of your own. Okay, so that's it for this lecture. In this le
cture we looked at points and city with a few different sets of
parameters using the population field and just using the regular format of
having each point count as one. And then we got rasters
back that summed the values over the total area that
it was searching in. It s a great way to turn your
vector data into a raster and preserve some of the input data for
future processing and transform it to a new format

that has new meaning as well. Okay, see you next time.