METHOD OF MEASUREMENT AND PRICING FACTORS

SECTION 3 - EARTHWORKS
3.1

STRIPPING OF TOPSOIL

3.1.1

Stripping Topsoil Average Depth 150mm and Dispose

Unit
The unit of measurement shall be Square Metre (m).
Measurement
The measurement for stripping topsoil shall be based made on the plan area stripped to the
depth specified in the Bill of Quantities.
Item Coverage
The item for the stripping of topsoil shall be in accordance with the Preambles to the Bill of
Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) loading into transport;
(b) loading and hauling of material from site to disposal sites provided by the Contractor,
(c) multiple handling of excavated material;
(d) keeping the stripped area free of water;
(e) All other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

3.1.2

Stripping Topsoil Average Depth 150mm and Stockpile For Reuse

Unit
The unit of measurement shall be Square Metre (m).
Measurement
The measurement for stripping topsoil shall be based made on the plan area stripped to the
depth specified in the Bill of Quantities.
Item Coverage
The item for the stripping of topsoil shall be in accordance with the Preambles to the Bill of
Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) loading into transport;
(b) haulage and deposition in temporary stockpiles for reuse including the provision of sites
for stockpiles;
(c) where surplus to requirements, haulage and deposition in tips off site provided by the
Contractor;

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(d) multiple handling of excavated material;

(e) keeping the stripped area free of water;
(f) All other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

3.2

EXCAVATE, LOAD, HAUL AND DEPOSIT TO FORM EMBANKMENT

3.2.1

Common Excavation In Cuttings Or In Bulk To Form Embankment

Unit
The unit of measurement for common excavation in cuttings or in bulk to form embankment
shall be Cubic Metre (m).
Measurement
The quantities of common excavation in cutting or in bulk to form embankment for road
formation construction shall be the net cubic content of the voids formed in cutting and
borrow pits within the right-of-way between the original ground surface after stripping and
finished surface as shown on the Drawings and specified or as directed by the S.O..
Item Coverage

The item for the common excavation in cutting or in bulk to form embankment shall be in
accordance with the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall
include:
(a) excavation in cutting and within the right-of-way in whatever ground conditions and
terrain that may be met with, except rock including consolidated hardcore and to any
depth;
(b) making good over cutting and overbreak;
(c) increase in bulk of excavated material;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, pavements and all other minor obstructions;
(e) forming benches on slopes of cuttings;
(f) transport and double handling (where necessary) of excavated materials to fill and
disposal areas including payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works including compaction;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) maintenance of the cut areas during the period of the Contract and the Defect Liability
Period;
(j) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever cause;
(k) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

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3.2.2

Excavation of Hard Material

Unit
The unit of measurement for excavation of hard material shall be Cubic Metre (m).
Measurement
The quantities of excavation of hard material for road formation construction shall be the net
cubic content of the hard material to the lines, levels, grades and dimension as shown on the
Drawings and specified or as directed by the S.O..
Item Coverage

The item for the excavation of hard material shall be in accordance with the Preambles
to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) excavation in cutting and within the right-of-way in hard material to any depth;
(b) making good over cutting and overbreak;
(c) increase in bulk of excavated material;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, pavements and all other minor obstructions;
(e) forming benches on slopes of cuttings;
(f) transport and double handling (where necessary) of excavated materials to fill and
disposal areas including payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works including compaction;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) maintenance of the cut areas during the period of the Contract and the Defect Liability
Period;
(j) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever cause;
(k) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

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3.2.3

Rock Excavation By Open Blasting To Form Embankment

Unit
The unit of measurement for rock excavation by open blasting to form embankment shall be
Cubic Metre (m).
Measurement
The quantities of rock excavation by open blasting to form embankment for road formation
construction shall be the net cubic content of the rock to the lines, levels, grades and
dimension as shown on the Drawings and specified or as directed by the S.O..
Item Coverage

The item for the rock excavation by open blasting to form embankment shall be in
accordance with the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall
include:
(a) excavation in cutting and within the right-of-way in rock to any depth;
(b) making good over cutting and overbreak;
(c) increase in bulk of excavated material;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, pavements and all other minor obstructions;
(e) forming benches on slopes of cuttings;
(f) transport and double handling (where necessary) of excavated materials to fill and
disposal areas including payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works including compaction;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) maintenance of the cut areas during the period of the Contract and the Defect Liability
Period;
(l) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever cause;
(m) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

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3.2.4

Rock Excavation By Control Blasting To Form Embankment

Unit
The unit of measurement for rock excavation by open blasting to form embankment shall be
Cubic Metre (m).
Measurement
The quantities of rock excavation by control blasting to form embankment for road formation
construction shall be the net cubic content of the rock to the lines, levels, grades and
dimension as shown on the Drawings and specified or as directed by the S.O..
Item Coverage

The item for the rock excavation by control blasting to form embankment shall be in
accordance with the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall
include:
(a) excavation in cutting and within the right-of-way in rock to any depth;
(b) making good over cutting and overbreak;
(c) increase in bulk of excavated material;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, pavements and all other minor obstructions;
(e) forming benches on slopes of cuttings;
(f) transport and double handling (where necessary) of excavated materials to fill and
disposal areas including payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works including compaction;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) maintenance of the cut areas during the period of the Contract and the Defect Liability
Period;
(n) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever cause;
(o) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

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3.2.5

Rock Excavation By Ripper Unit To Form Embankment

Unit
The unit of measurement for rock excavation by ripper unit to form embankment shall be
Cubic Metre (m).
Measurement
The quantities of rock excavation by ripper unit to form embankment for road formation
construction shall be the net cubic content of the rock to the lines, levels, grades and
dimension as shown on the Drawings and specified or as directed by the Superintending
Officer.
Item Coverage

The item for the rock excavation by ripper unit to form embankment shall be in accordance
with the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) excavation in cutting and within the right-of-way in rock to any depth;
(b) making good over cutting and overbreak;
(c) increase in bulk of excavated material;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, pavements and all other minor obstructions;
(e) forming benches on slopes of cuttings;
(f) transport and double handling (where necessary) of excavated materials to fill and
disposal areas including payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works including compaction;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) maintenance of the cut areas during the period of the Contract and the Defect Liability
Period;
(p) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever cause;
(q) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

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3.2.6

Rock Excavation By Pneumatic To Form Embankment

Unit
The unit of measurement for rock excavation by pneumatic to form embankment shall be
Cubic Metre (m).
Measurement
The quantities of rock excavation by pneumatic to form embankment for road formation
construction shall be the net cubic content of the rock to the lines, levels, grades and
dimension as shown on the Drawings and specified or as directed by the Superintending
Officer.
Item Coverage

The item for the rock excavation by pneumatic to form embankment shall be in accordance
with the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) excavation in cutting and within the right-of-way in rock to any depth;
(b) making good over cutting and overbreak;
(c) increase in bulk of excavated material;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, pavements and all other minor obstructions;
(e) forming benches on slopes of cuttings;
(f) transport and double handling (where necessary) of excavated materials to fill and
disposal areas including payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works including compaction;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) maintenance of the cut areas during the period of the Contract and the Defect Liability
Period;
(r) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever cause;
(s) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

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3.3

EXCAVATE, LOAD, HAUL AND DISPOSE

3.3.1

Common Excavation In Cuttings Or In Bulk And Dispose

Unit
The unit of measurement for common excavation in cuttings or in bulk and dispose shall be
Cubic Metre (m).
Measurement
The quantities of common excavation in cutting or in bulk and dispose shall be the net cubic
content of void formed in cutting between the original ground surface after stripping topsoil
and the finished ground profile as shown on the Drawing or as directed by the S.O. No
account shall be taken of the permitted tolerances.
Where rock surface is encountered with surface level higher than the required finish ground
profile as shown on the Drawing or as directed by the S.O., measurement for payment shall be
the net cubic content of void formed in cutting between the original ground surface after
stripping topsoil and the original surface after stripping topsoil and the original surface after
removal of over-burden. No overbreak shall be included.
Item Coverage

The item for the common excavation in cutting or in bulk and dispose shall be in
accordance with the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall
include:
(a) site preparation, access ramps, construction staging and working platforms as necessary;
(b) excavation in cutting in whatever ground, natural or man-made that may be with, except
rock and to any depth;
(c) loading and hauling of material from excavation to disposal sites;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, concrete slab, pavements and all other minor
obstructions;
(e) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever causes;
(f) payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works to dumping sites off site
provided by the Contractor;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) the cost of loading, hauling, unloading and disposing of unsuitable or surplus materials
from excavation, preparing the disposal areas, levelling and trimming the material in the
disposal area and providing all drainage and erosion protection measures in and around
the disposal areas;
(j) the cost of acquiring or use of land outside the Site as disposal areas including
payment of royalties, charges and fees;

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(k) making good overcutting and overbreak;

(l) taking precautions to avoid damage to adjoining property, structure, sewerage,
drains and other services.
(m) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

3.3.2

Excavation of Hard Material In Cutting And Dispose

Unit
The unit of measurement for excavation of hard material in cutting and dispose shall be Cubic
Metre (m).
Measurement
The quantities of excavation of hard material in cutting and dispose shall be the net cubic
content of the rock to the lines, levels, grades and dimension as shown on the Drawings and
specified or as directed by the S.O..
Item Coverage

The item for the excavation of hard material in cutting and dispose shall be in accordance
with the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) site preparation, access ramps, construction staging and working platforms as necessary;
(b) excavation in cutting in hard material and to any depth;
(c) loading and hauling of material from excavation to disposal sites;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, concrete slab, pavements and all other minor
obstructions;
(e) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever causes;
(f) payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works to dumping sites off site
provided by the Contractor;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) the cost of loading, hauling, unloading and disposing of unsuitable or surplus materials
from excavation, preparing the disposal areas, levelling and trimming the material in the
disposal area and providing all drainage and erosion protection measures in and around
the disposal areas;
(n) the cost of acquiring or use of land outside the site as disposal areas including payment of
royalties, charges and fees;

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(o) making good overcutting and overbreak;

(p) taking precautions to avoid damage to adjoining property, structure, sewerage, drains and
other services.
(q) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

3.3.3

Rock Excavation By Open Blasting And Dispose

Unit
The unit of measurement for rock excavation by open blasting and dispose shall be Cubic
Metre (m)
Measurement
The quantities of rock excavation by open blasting and dispose shall be the net cubic content
of the rock to the lines, levels, grades and dimension as shown on the Drawings and specified
or as directed by the S.O..
Item Coverage

The item for the rock excavation by open blasting and dispose shall be in accordance with
the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) site preparation, access ramps, construction staging and working platforms as necessary;
(b) excavation in cutting in rock and to any depth;
(c) loading and hauling of material from excavation to disposal sites;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, concrete slab, pavements and all other minor
obstructions;
(e) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever causes;
(f) payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works to dumping sites off site
provided by the Contractor;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) the cost of loading, hauling, unloading and disposing of unsuitable or surplus materials
from excavation, preparing the disposal areas, levelling and trimming the material in the
disposal area and providing all drainage and erosion protection measures in and around
the disposal areas;
(j) the cost of acquiring or use of land outside the site as disposal areas including payment of
royalties, charges and fees;

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(k) making good overcutting and overbreak;

(l) taking precautions to avoid damage to adjoining property, structure, sewerage, drains and
other services.
(m) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

3.3.4

Rock Excavation By Control Blasting And Dispose

Unit
The unit of measurement for rock excavation by control blasting and dispose shall be Cubic
Metre (m).
Measurement
The quantities of rock excavation by control blasting and dispose shall be the net cubic content
of the rock to the lines, levels, grades and dimension as shown on the Drawings and specified
or as directed by the S.O..
Item Coverage

The item for the rock excavation by control blasting and dispose shall be in accordance
with the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) site preparation, access ramps, construction staging and working platforms as necessary;
(b) excavation in cutting in rock and to any depth;
(c) loading and hauling of material from excavation to disposal sites;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, concrete slab, pavements and all other minor
obstructions;
(e) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever causes;
(f) payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works to dumping sites off site
provided by the Contractor;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) the cost of loading, hauling, unloading and disposing of unsuitable or surplus materials
from excavation, preparing the disposal areas, levelling and trimming the material in the
disposal area and providing all drainage and erosion protection measures in and around
the disposal areas;
(j) the cost of acquiring or use of land outside the site as disposal areas including payment of
royalties, charges and fees;

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(k) making good overcutting and overbreak;

(l) taking precautions to avoid damage to adjoining property, structure, sewerage, drains and
other services.
(m) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

3.3.5

Rock Excavation By Ripper Unit And Dispose

Unit
The unit of measurement for rock excavation by ripper unit and dispose shall be Cubic Metre
(m).
Measurement
The quantities of rock excavation by ripper unit and dispose shall be the net cubic content of
the rock to the lines, levels, grades and dimension as shown on the Drawings and specified or
as directed by the S.O..
Item Coverage

The item for the rock excavation by ripper unit and dispose shall be in accordance with
the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) site preparation, access ramps, construction staging and working platforms as necessary;
(b) excavation in cutting in rock and to any depth;
(c) loading and hauling of material from excavation to disposal sites;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, concrete slab, pavements and all other minor
obstructions;
(e) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever causes;
(f) payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works to dumping sites off site
provided by the Contractor;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) the cost of loading, hauling, unloading and disposing of unsuitable or surplus materials
from excavation, preparing the disposal areas, levelling and trimming the material in the
disposal area and providing all drainage and erosion protection measures in and around
the disposal areas;
(j) the cost of acquiring or use of land outside the site as disposal areas including payment of
royalties, charges and fees;

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(k) making good overcutting and overbreak;

(l) taking precautions to avoid damage to adjoining property, structure, sewerage, drains and
other services.
(m) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

3.3.6

Rock Excavation By Pneumatic And Dispose

Unit
The unit of measurement for rock excavation by pneumatic and dispose shall be Cubic Metre
(m).
Measurement
The quantities of rock excavation by pneumatic and dispose shall be the net cubic content of
the rock to the lines, levels, grades and dimension as shown on the Drawings and specified or
as directed by the S.O..
Item Coverage

The item for the rock excavation by pneumatic and dispose shall be in accordance with
the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) site preparation, access ramps, construction staging and working platforms as necessary;
(b) excavation in cutting in rock and to any depth;
(c) loading and hauling of material from excavation to disposal sites;
(d) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, concrete slab, pavements and all other minor
obstructions;
(e) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever causes;
(f) payment of royalties (if any);
(g) disposal of excavated materials not required for use in the works to dumping sites off site
provided by the Contractor;
(h) levelling, trimming, shaping and compacting the surface of the excavation and cleaning
the exposed surface all in accordance with the Specification and to the lines, levels, grades
and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.;
(i) the cost of loading, hauling, unloading and disposing of unsuitable or surplus materials
from excavation, preparing the disposal areas, levelling and trimming the material in the
disposal area and providing all drainage and erosion protection measures in and around
the disposal areas;
(j) the cost of acquiring or use of land outside the site as disposal areas including payment of
royalties, charges and fees;

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(k) making good overcutting and overbreak;

(l) taking precautions to avoid damage to adjoining property, structure, sewerage, drains and
other services.
(m) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

3.4

EXCAVATE, UNSUITABLE MATERIAL, LOAD, HAUL AND DISPOSE

3.4.1

Excavate Unsuitable Material Below Embankment/Structure And Dispose

Unit
The unit of measurement for excavate unsuitable material and dispose shall be Cubic Metre
(m).
Measurement
Measurement for payment shall be made of the volume of material excavated to the lines,
levels, grade or dimension established by the S.O.
Item Coverage

The item for the excavation unsuitable material shall be in accordance with the
Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) excavation of all unsuitable material in cutting to below road formation level and areas to
receive embankment fill;
(b) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever causes;
(c) taking precautions to avoid damage to adjoining property, structure, sewerage drains and
other services;
(d) loading and hauling for disposal of excavated unsuitable material to dumping sites off Site
provided by the Contractor preparing the disposal areas, levelling and trimming the
material in the disposal areas and providing all drainage and erosion protection measures
in and around the disposal areas;
(e) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, pavements and all other minor obstructions;
(f) the cost of acquiring or use of land outside the Site as disposal areas including payment
of royalties, charges and fees;
(g) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

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3.4.2

Excavate Unsuitable Material In Cutting And Dispose

Unit
The unit of measurement for excavate unsuitable material in cutting and dispose shall be
Cubic Metre (m).
Measurement
Measurement for payment shall be made of the volume of material excavated to the lines,
levels, grade or dimension established by the S.O.
Item Coverage

The item for the excavation unsuitable material shall be in accordance with the
Preambles to the Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) excavation of all unsuitable material in cutting to below road formation level and areas to
receive embankment fill;
(b) keeping earthworks free from water from whatever causes;
(c) taking precautions to avoid damage to adjoining property, structure, sewerage drains and
other services;
(d) loading and hauling for disposal of excavated unsuitable material to dumping sites off Site
provided by the Contractor preparing the disposal areas, levelling and trimming the
material in the disposal areas and providing all drainage and erosion protection measures
in and around the disposal areas;
(e) removing roots, foundations, drains, pipes, pavements and all other minor obstructions;
(f) the cost of acquiring or use of land outside the Site as disposal areas including payment
of royalties, charges and fees;
(g) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

3.5

FILL, SPREAD, GRADE AND COMPACT TO FORM EMBANKMENT

3.5.1

Suitable Material From Common Excavation

Unit
The unit of measurement for suitable material shall be Cubic Metre (m).

Measurement
i)

The measurement of general excavation shall be the volume of the void formed by the
excavation to the lines and levels shown on the drawing or described in the contract.

ii) The measurement of compaction of fill material in embankment, platforms, slope and
intermediate areas of fill shall be the volume formed or void filled up to earthworks final
surface form existing ground surface together with the filling of any void the excavation
of which has been measured in accordance with (i).

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iii) The measurement of compaction of fill material adjacent to structures shall be the volume
filled to the lines and levels as shown on the Drawing, or if no such indication is made on
the drawing, within 3.00 meters of any structure, but not below any structure and
excluding that defined as being above foundation. It shall also exclude that required for
backfilling necessitated by excavation for working space and overbreak.
iv) Deposition of rock fill material shall only be separately measured where rock fill material
is specifically shown on the Drawing.
Item Coverage
The item for the suitable material shall be in accordance with the Preambles to the Bill of
Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a) excavation and multiple handling of materials including loading and hauling to stockpiles
or points of deposition;
(b) supply of material from sources outside the Site including royalties and other costs related
to the supply;
(c) processing on or off Site including to bring material within the required moisture content
limit for compaction;
(d) depositing, spreading, leveling, trimming, shaping and compacting in accordance with the
Specification to required lines, levels, grades and dimensions as shown on the Drawings
or as directed by the S.O. in whatever site condition and depth (filling placed beyond
requirement shall not be measured);
(e) taking precaution to prevent suitable material from becoming unsuitable and replacing
suitable material rendered unsuitable;
(f) the cost of excavating, loading, hauling and disposal of unsuitable materials areas or
surplus material outside the Site, preparing the disposal areas, leveling and trimming the
material in the disposal area and providing all drainage and other erosion protection
measures in and around the disposal area;
(g) settlement where not measured separately beyond the net length and width of
embankment and other areas of fill as defined;
(h) additional instrumentation to suit Contractors method of working;
(i) complying with the requirements for the equalization of earth pressures or the sequence
and rate of deposition required under staged construction;
(j) all charges, fees and royalties;
(k) depositing rock fill in soft areas or below standing water;
(l) blinding of rock fill;
(m) standby and waiting time for tests to be carried out;
(n) special care for filling and compaction beside and around any structure;
(o) selection on material of stated types and layering or depositing in locations indicated in
the Drawings or as instructed by the S.O.;

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(p) mechanical or chemical treatment of material as the Contractor may require to facilitate
the use of a particular plant;
(q) in the case of fill t abandoned watercourses and streams, dewatering, keeping the area free
of water and installation of geotextile fabric where specified on the Drawings;
(r) benching to existing slope and foundation drainage for cut/embankment interface;
(s) trial compaction and associated instrumentation;
(t) in the case of fill to excavation below embankment or culvert or bridge abutment,
dewatering and keeping the area free of water; and
(u) complying with the requirements of staged construction and specified rest period.
(v) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

3.5.2

Imported Suitable Material

Unit
The unit of measurement for imported suitable material shall be Cubic Meter (m).
Measurement
The measurement of imported suitable material to form embankment, platforms, slope and
intermediate areas of fill shall be the volume formed or void filled up to earthworks final
surface form existing ground surface together with the filling of any void the excavation of
which has been measured in accordance with (i).
Item Coverage

The item for the suitable material shall be in accordance with the Preambles to the Bill
of Quantities General Directions and shall include:
(a)

excavation and multiple handling of materials including loading and hauling to

stockpiles or points of deposition;

(b)

supply of materials from approved sources within the Site including royalties and
other costs related to the supply;

(c)

processing on or off Site including to bring material within the required moisture
content limit for compaction;

(d)

depositing, spreading, leveling, trimming, shaping and compacting in accordance

with the Specification to required lines, levels, grades and dimensions as shown on
the Drawings or as directed by the S.O. in whatever site condition and depth (filling
placed beyond requirement shall not be measured);

(e)

taking precaution to prevent suitable material from becoming unsuitable and

replacing suitable material rendered unsuitable;

(f)

the cost of excavating, loading, hauling and disposal of unsuitable materials areas or
surplus material outside the Site, preparing the disposal areas, leveling and trimming
the material in the disposal area and providing all drainage and other erosion
protection measures in and around the disposal area;

MM3/17

(g)

settlement where not measured separately beyond the net length and width of
embankment and other areas of fill as defined;

(h)

additional instrumentation to suit Contractors method of working;

(i)

complying with the requirements for the equalization of earth pressures or the
sequence and rate of deposition required under staged construction;

(j)

all charges, fees and royalties;

(k)

depositing rock fill in soft areas or below standing water;

(l)

blinding of rock fill;

(m)

standby and waiting time for tests to be carried out;

(n)

special care for filling and compaction beside and around any structure;

(o)

selection on material of stated types and layering or depositing in locations indicated

in the Drawings or as instructed by the S.O.;

(p)

mechanical or chemical treatment of material as the Contractor may require to

facilitate the use of a particular plant;

(q)

in the case of fill t abandoned watercourses and streams, dewatering, keeping the area
free of water and installation of geotextile fabric where specified on the Drawings;

(r)

benching to existing slope and foundation drainage for cut/embankment interface;

(s)

trial compaction and associated instrumentation;

(t)

in the case of fill to excavation below embankment or culvert or bridge abutment,

dewatering and keeping the area free of water; and

(u)

complying with the requirements of staged construction and specified rest period.

(v)

All other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

MM3/18

3.6

TURFING AND HYDROSEEDING

3.6.1

Close Turfing
Unit
The unit of measurement for close turfing to surfaces at any inclination shall be Square Metre
(m).
Measurement
The measurement of close turfing to surface shall be made of the plan area placed to the lines,
level grades and dimensions shown on drawing or as directed by the S.O
Item Coverage
The items for close turfing shall be in accordance with the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities
General Directions and shall include:(a) removal of debris from the surfaces of earthwork to be turfed;
(b) the preparation of the areas to be turfed including if appropriate the amount of topsoil to
be used and its method of application;
(c) the details and results of investigations to determine which types of grass and legume are
compatible with the soil in the areas to be turfed;
(d) the types of grass and legume (if any) and strains of seed to be used, and the function,
root and growth characteristics of each type;
(c) the rates of application of the grass and legume seeds;
(g) the type of mulch to be used and its method and rate of application;
(h) the amounts of lime or other chemicals (if any) to be applied to improve the soil before,
during and after turfing;
(i) the equipment and methods to be used in preparing and placing the turf mix and other
materials;
(j) the cultivation and after care of the turfed areas, including rates and frequencies of
watering, fertilising, grass cutting and general maintenance for 1 year after turfing;
(k) an estimate of the time required after turfing for establishment of a permanent dense
growth of grass which will require minimal maintenance;
(l) any documentation or case histories demonstrating the previous success of proposed
method;
(m) any payment of royalty and incidentals, overheads and profit necessary to complete the
Works;
(n) all other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

MM3/19

3.6.2

Hydroseeding
Unit
The unit of measurement for hydroseeding to surfaces at any inclination shall be Square Metre
(m).
Measurement
The measurement of hydroseeding to surface shall be made of the plan area placed to the lines,
level grades and dimensions shown on drawing or as directed by the S.O
Item Coverage
The items for hydroseeding shall be in accordance with the Preambles to the Bill of Quantities
General Directions and shall include:(a) removal of debris from the surfaces of earthwork to be turfed;
(b) the preparation of the areas to be turfed including if appropriate the amount of topsoil to
be used and its method of application;
(c) the details and results of investigations to determine which types of grass and legume are
compatible with the soil in the areas to be turfed;
(d) the types of grass and legume (if any) and strains of seed to be used, and the function,
root and growth characteristics of each type;
(e) the rates of application of the grass and legume seeds;
(f) the type of mulch to be used and its method and rate of application;
(g) the amounts of lime or other chemicals (if any) to be applied to improve the soil before,
during and after turfing;
(h) the equipment and methods to be used in preparing and placing the turf mix and other
materials;
(i) the cultivation and after care of the turfed areas, including rates and frequencies of
watering, fertilising, grass cutting and general maintenance for 1 year after turfing;
(j) an estimate of the time required after turfing for establishment of a permanent dense
growth of grass which will require minimal maintenance;
(k) any documentation or case histories demonstrating the previous success of proposed
method;
(l) any payment of royalty and incidentals, overheads and profit necessary to complete the
Works;
(m) All other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

MM3/20

3.6.3

Hydroseeding With Fibromat

Unit
The unit of measurement for hydroseeding with fibromat to surfaces at any inclination shall be
Square Metre (m).
Measurement
The measurement of hydroseeding with fibromat to surface shall be made of the plan area
placed to the lines, level grades and dimensions shown on drawing or as directed by the S.O
Item Coverage
The items for hydroseeding with fibromat shall be in accordance with the Preambles to the
Bill of Quantities General Directions and shall include:(a) removal of debris from the surfaces of earthwork to be turfed;
(b) the preparation of the areas to be turfed including if appropriate the amount of topsoil to
be used and its method of application;
(c) the details and results of investigations to determine which types of grass and legume are
compatible with the soil in the areas to be turfed;
(d) the types of grass and legume (if any) and strains of seed to be used, and the function,
root and growth characteristics of each type;
(e) the rates of application of the grass and legume seeds;
(f) the type of mulch to be used and its method and rate of application;
(g) the amounts of lime or other chemicals (if any) to be applied to improve the soil before,
during and after turfing;
(h) the equipment and methods to be used in preparing and placing the turf mix and other
materials;
(i) the cultivation and after care of the turfed areas, including rates and frequencies of
watering, fertilising, grass cutting and general maintenance for 1 year after turfing;
(j) an estimate of the time required after turfing for establishment of a permanent dense
growth of grass which will require minimal maintenance;
(k) any documentation or case histories demonstrating the previous success of proposed
method;
(l) any payment of royalty and incidentals, overheads and profit necessary to complete the
Works;
(m) All other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

MM3/21

3.7

FIELD DENSITY TEST

Unit
The unit of measurement for Field Density Test shall be Number (nr).
Measurement
The measurement for payment of field density test shall be made based on the numbers of
tests carried out according to specification or as instructed by S.O. Rejected or failed tests
shall not be counted for measurement.
Item Coverage
The items for field density test shall be in accordance with the Preambles to the Bill of
Quantities General Directions and shall include:(a) bringing and installing equipment to site or laboratory for testing or sampling;
(b) taking of samples and transporting to the laboratory;
(c) calibrating all equipment and apparatus;
(d) maintenance of all equipment and apparatus;
(e) Provision of all consumables necessary for all tests;
(f) Idle time when test is in progress;
(g) All other terms necessary for the proper execution and completion of the works.

MM3/22