Participatory Land Use Planning in

Kitengela Plains, Kenya

Mohammed Y Said1, Shem Kifugo1, David Nkedianye2, Ogeli Makui2, Leah Ng'ang'a1, Moses S
Kuyo1, Mary Moipa1, Kisham Makui1, Jan de Leeuw1 and James Turere1

(1) International Livestock Research Institute (2) Africa Wildlife Foundation, (3) Kitengela Landowners Association

Africa Agriculture GIS Week 2010, 8 – 12 June ILRI, Nairobi

 Outline of the Presentation

• Brief overview on patterns of biodiversity at

global, regional and landscape levels

• What are causes of wildlife loss and conversion

and fragmentation of ecosystems in East Africa?

• Participatory community land use planning

• Outcomes of the interventions

WORLD ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITY
EARTH’S LIVING RESOURCES IN THE 21ST CENTURY

TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE FAMILY DENSITY

Source: UNEP
 Where are the large mammals
distributed in Africa?

No. Species / Sq. Km.

1 - 10
10 - 20
20 - 30
30 - 40
40 - 50
50 - 60
60 - 70
70 - 80
80 - 84
No Data

Migration of wildebeest in the Serengeti-

Mara Ecosystem
Distribution of wildlife in Kenya pastoral lands

Lod war# Lod war#

# Marsab it # Mars ab it

# Is io lo # Isio lo

# #
Nan yu ki Nan yu ki

#Ga ris sa #Ga ris sa

# #
Narok # NAI RO B I
Narok # NAI RO B I

Wildlife Density (Kg / ha) Par ks and R eserv es

# #
<1 Mom ba s a Annual Rainfall (mm / yr ) Mom ba s a
1 - 10 <30 0
10 - 100 300 - 600 N
100 - 1000 600 - 800
>1000 800 - 1000
>10 00

300 0 300 Kilom eters

Where are the people, points of human pressures and
what are the different land use activities ?
Human Population Density Land cover + land use

# Nanyuki
# Kisumu
# Nanyuki Nakuru
# Kisumu #

#
Nakuru

# Nairobi
#
Nairobi #

#
Musoma
Musoma

# #

#
Arusha Moshi
#
Arusha Moshi #
Shinyanga
#
Shinyanga

Ken y a N

Tanzania
#
Dodoma
#
Dodoma
N
Park and Game Reserves Southern Maasai land
Lake Ken y a

District Boundary
Southern Maasai land
District Boundary
Park and Game Reserves
Crop land
Lake Tanzania

100 0 100 200 Kilometers 100 0 100 200 Kilometers

 Evolution of the land use southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania
Pastoral lands
Kitengela Amboseli Ecosystem Mara Ecosystem Tarangire-Simanjiro

N airo bi N airo bi N airo bi N airo bi

Communal
Arusha Arusha Arusha Arusha
Mom b asa Mom b asa Mom b asa Mom b asa

Nairobi

?
Nairobi

? ? ?
Kitengela

Private
Ownership

Said in prep
 Changes in
land tenure
and land use
in Maasai
land

Source: Said et al. in prep

 Information to support decision making

Outputs Outcome Impacts

Maps & statistics Policy

Land Use Master Plan
OCC, MoL, Community, Maintaining
ILRI, AWF & migration
communities ILRI, AWF
&
mobility

Connectivity, optimizing Payment Env

location, land leases Services
TWF, GEF, FoNNAP,
KWS, ILRI, AWF
Livestock value Improve
chain analysis livelihoods
ILRI, AWF & Increase earnings from
KLWG livestock
Heifer, KMC, KLWG, ILRI,
AWF & Market Access
Communities Centre
 Resource Mapping
Where to invest in keeping the land open?

• Where are the fences, water resources,

settlement and quarries?

• Where are the open for land lease (under lease

or on waiting list)?

• Where are the livestock and wildlife?

Where are the livestock and
wildlife?
 Distribution maps of selected species
Nairobi City Loc ation Map

Ngong
# Nairobi National
Park Ke nya
Rongai # #
# # ## #####
###
### ### # Nairobi District
# #
##
# ## #
# # ## #### ##
## ##
# # ## # ##
# ###
# ##
Kiserian # #
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### ##
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# Kajiado District
# # ## # # # # #### ##
### # ##
##### ##
## # # INDIAN
## #
# #
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#
#
# # # # #
### ## # # # # Athi River Ta nzania OCEAN
# ## ### # # # #
# # ## #### # # #
# ##
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# ###
# ###
## ##
#
# Lukenya
#
# # ## # # ## ####
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# ## # Kitengela
# # #
### #
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# ##
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Legend
### # ### # #
# ## # # # #
# # ##
# # # #
## # # ## # # Cattle O bserv ed
# #
# ## ## # # ##
## # # #
# # ## ## #
#
#
# ## #### # Towns
## # # # #
## # ####
# ### # # # #
# # ## #
Olooloitikoshi ### ## # # ## ## #### # # Major Rivers
# # #
# # ## #
# ##
##
# # # # ## #
## ## #
# # ### ## # ###
#
# # # ### ## # # # ## # ### #
###
#
#
Fences
# # # #
# ##
##
# ## # # ##
#
#
# ### #
#
## ## ### ##### #
#### # ## ##
## ##
# ##
# #### ## # #
##
Nairobi National P ar k
# # ## ##
# # ## # ##
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###
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# #
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# ## ## # # # ##
0 20 Kilo me te rs
# # ## # # ## # #### #
# ## # ## #
# ### ## ### # ###
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### ## # ### #
# # # ## ## ##
Isinya #### ## ### # ## # # # #### ### ## #
#
### ## # ### #
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###
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# # #
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###
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# Konza
## # # # #
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## ##### ## # # ###
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Kajiado #

Nairobi City Loc ation Map Nairobi City Loc ation Map

Ngong Nairobi National Ngong

#
# Nairobi National
Park Ke nya Park
Rongai ## Rongai
Ke nya
# #
Nairobi District #
Nairobi District
# #
# #
# ## ## #
# # # ##
Kiserian # #
# # # # # #
##
#
# # # ## Kiserian # ### #
# # # # #
#
# #
# # #
# #
## ## #
Kajiado District
## # # #
##### # # # ## # Kajiado District
# ## #
## ##
#
# #
# # # ###
#
# ## INDIAN # ## ###
# ## # # ##
# ###
## ## # # ##
## # #### INDIAN
## # # # Athi River Ta nzania OCEAN ## #
####
# # # # # # Athi River Ta nzania
## ##
# OCEAN
# # # ## ## #
#
# Lukenya
#
## # ## # # Lukenya
# # #Kitengela # # Kitengela #
# ## #
# #
# # #
# #
# #
## ##
#
Legend # # ##
Legend
##
# ## ## ##
# # # #
# Zebra O bserv ed # # # ### # Thomson's gazelle O bs erved
# # # #
#
##
###
# # # ### #
## ## #
#
# # Towns
# #
## # Towns # ##
# ###
# # # # ## # # ##
# ## ##
Olooloitikoshi # Olooloitikoshi # ## ## ## ### Major Rivers
# ## # Major Rivers # ##
# ## # # # # ##
# #### ## # # # Fences
# # # Fences # # ## ###
# #
#
#
# ## # # ## # #
## #
#
###
# ### #
#
#
# Nairobi National P ar k
# # # Nairobi National P ar k ##
# # #
## ##
# # ## ### ## #
#
# ##
# # ## ##
# # # # # # ## #### #
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##
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####
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## # # # # # 0 20 Kilo me te rs
# ##
0 20 Kilo me te rs
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#
Isinya # # ## ##
#
### Isinya # #
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##
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##
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N

# # ## # # #
###
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# # # # # # Konza #
# # # ## Konza
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Kajiado # Kajiado #
Impacts of fencing on wildebeest population in Nairobi
National Park and adjoining areas of Kaputiei plains

Nairobi National Park

Kiserian
Athi River

Kitengela

Nairobi City Loc ation Map

Ngong
# Nairobi National
Park Ke nya
Rongai
#
Nairobi District

#
##
#
Kiserian # # # ##
# # Kajiado District
#
Nairobi National Park # #
#
#
#
#
#
#
# #
#
#
# Athi River Ta nzania
INDIAN
OCEAN

Lukenya
Triangles # Kitengela
# #

Isinya #
Leased parcels #
Legend
#
Fences,Dams and Quarries ##
### # W ildebeest O bserved

DAM ##
#
#
#
#
# # #
#
#
#
#
#
#
# Towns
Olooloitikoshi # ## Major Rivers
FENCE # ##
#

##
#
###
#
#
Fences
## #
QUARRY Konza #
#
#
###
Nairobi National P ar k
# # #
# #
## #
# ##
#
## N
#
## ##
# ##
### #
# ### ## #
# ##
# # ###
# # # ## 0 20 Kilo me te rs
#
###
# ## #
#
Isinya # # ##
# # # # # #
# ## # # #
# # ## #
# # #
# # #
# N

# # # #
# ##
# # #
### # # # Konza
# # # #
# #
# #
# # #
N # ## #
## # #
#
Kajiado #
#
# #
#
# #
#
#
# # ##
##
# #
# #
# #
# #
#
10 0 10 20 30 Kilometers
Kajiado #
 Fences adjacent to Nairobi National Park

Nairobi District

Quarry

Kajiado District Sheep & Goat area

Machakos District
Urban Development - Kitengela town and it’s environs

3
EPZ

Housing Town
Development Prison Centre

Housing
Development
Quarry

Sinket Farm
 Updated Map
Nairobi National
Park
Ongata Rongai# Mlolongo
#
#
#
Tuala
Oloosirikon
Kiserian #

Athi River
#

#
Olepols # #

Kitengela

Ol Orian
Olooloitikoshi #

Tarmac roads
Fences
Kisanju
#
Leased Parcels 2004
#

Olturoto
#

Isinya

Oloyiangalani# Konza

Kajiado
10 0 10 20 Kilometers
 Mapping lease land - Payment for
Environmental Services

Benefits to the
community
Nairobi National Park

Kiserian
•30,000 ha under lease
Athi River
program to increase to
Kitengela
60,000 ha by end of the
year and will cover all the
three triangles.

Nairobi National Park

• Household paid $10 ha
Triangles
Isinya
Leased parcels
Fences,Dams and Quarries

• Money mainly used by

DAM
FENCE
QUARRY Konza

family for education,

Kajiado
N
buying drugs for livestock
10 0 10 20 30 Kilometers

• Initiative to start
conservancy (Olerai)
 Policy Outcome – adoption of the land use plan
REGIONAL CONTEXT

Kitengela Isinya Zoning Plan 2006 - 2026

Ngong Nairobi National Park

Matathia Ongata Rongai

Oloosirkon
A1 Centre Kitengela-isinya
Kiserian
Kajiado District
To
Mo
mb
as N
a
A2 50 0 50 100 Kilometers

Athi River
To Ma gadi

LEGEND
Oletepes Kitengela Town Main-roads
Proposed Land Uses/Standards By Zones
Centre Railwayline
A2 Major rivers Zone A1 - Ongata Rongai
B3 Tarmac-roads
B1 Nairobi National Park
Residential urban land size 1/4 to 1/2 acres
Towns medium density
Planning Area
ZONE D A1
A2
B1
Zone A2 - Transitional zone
B2
B2 Residential - country land size 1 to 2 acres
B3
Isinya proposed Low density residential development and subsistence farming
One kiliometer road buffer

Water points Zone B1 - Kitengela

ZONE C
Olooloitikosh ZONE D
Low density residential land sizes 1/2 acres
Centre ZONE E Buffer zone for urban containment
uffer

Stony Athi
Zone B2 - Kitengela
r

Industrial land user and high density residential

ffe
oadB

Bu

developments 1/8 acres. Buffer zone for urban containment to

d
oa

South East
KMR

R
KM
One

ne

Zone B3 - Kitengela
O

ZONE C
Urban core commercial industrial use land sizes
Kisaju 1/16 to 1/2 acres. Encourage highrise development
Centre

Zone B4 - Isinya
Divisional headquarters, residential, commercial and industrial

Isinya Town Zone C

Livestock and wildlife promotion area minimum land size
Isinya Proposed
80 acreas. 1 km buffer zone on A104 and 1/2 km buffer
zone on D523
ZONE E
Konza Zone D - Wildlife Conservation
Land size 60 acres minimum. Wildlife promotion, eco-tourism,
and livestock production
Oloyiangalani
Zone E - Widlife calving area
Wildlife Calving Area Wildife conservation, livestock production, control
mining/quarrying. Land sizes minimun 60 acres

Ministry of Lands
Physical Planning Department
DATE: 24 July 2006
Kajiado
N Prepared by : South Rift Planning Team, Ol Kejuado County Council,
Kitengela Land Owners Association, Kenya W ildlife Service, ILRI,FoNNAP
Drawn by : Konyango, Patrick W aweru, Lucy Aluoch, Achoki, Mutisya,
Nyabuti,Kiprono and Cheruyot.
Departmental Ref Number: KAJ/722/2006/1
Certified :
DIREC TOR --------------------------------DA TE ------------------
Physical planning Department
Approved
Minis ter for Lands -------------------------------------Date-----------

20 0 20 Kilometers APP ROV ED DE VE LOPMENT P LA N NO-----------------

 Mara Conservancies

Narok # NAIROBI

Conservancies
Wildlife Density (Kg / ha)
<1
1 - 10
10 - 100
100 - 1000
>1000
Core Payment rate ($ Ha)
conservation
Name area (Ha)
60 0 60 120 Miles
Enoonkishu 6,566 Not yet determined
Ol Chorro 6,879 bednights based
MNC 30,955 2,500Kshs
Lamek 6,860 bednights based
Benefits Motorogi 5,466 2500Kshs
• Community is deriving direct benefit Naboisho 20,946 2000Kshs
• Partnership between investors and Ol Kinyei 4,856 1,300Kshs
Olare Olarok 9,720 3,000 Ksh
community (longer sustainability)
• Community are earning > $2 m
Tarangire – Wildlife Management Areas Partnership
between community and Private Entrepreneurs

Burunge WMA moved people

and building away from key
migration areas.

More than 50% of the income of

the community is generated
from operation of two new safari
lodges, the Maramboi Tented
Lodge and Burunge Tented
lodge.

Monies distributed to 9 WMA

villages in support of health
facilities and construction of 3
schools.
 Next steps
• Build capacity within The Wildlife Trust
(TWF) to monitor and evaluate the lease
program through use of GIS mapping.

• Empower community to work with County

Council on ensuring the adherence of the
land use plan.
Reid et al. 2008 (presentation at Harvard)
Thank you