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Thevenin's Theorem
Any two terminal bilateral linear DC circuits can be replaced by an equivalent circuit
consisting of a voltage source and a series resistor.
Nortons Theorem
Any two terminal bilateral linear DC circuits can be replaced by an equivalent circuit
consisting of a current source and a parallel resistor.
Now we will discuss how to solve different kind of problems using these theorems.
Example 1:
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Solution:
Rth:
Rth = RN =1
Vth:
By Nodal Analysis
Vth 10
1
2=0
Vth = 12V
Isc:
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Isc = 12A
Thevenins equivalent:
By kVL
ix =
12
3
= 4A
Nortons equivalent:
By current division
1
ix = 12 3 = 4A
To find Isc: Short the load terminals and then calculate the current flowing through it.
This current is called Norton current (or) short circuit current (Isc).
To find Rth: Since there are Independent sources in the circuit, we cant find Rth directly.
We will calculate Rth using Voc and Isc and it is given by
R th =
Voc
Isc
Example 2:
Solution:
Voc:
By Nodal Analysis
Voc 10
1
2Vx = 0
Isc:
By Nodal Analysis
V1 10
2Vx +
V1
2
=0
Isc =
60
7
V
30
7
Rth:
R N = R th =
Voc
Isc
10
Thevenins equivalent:
By KVL
10
ix = 7
3
+3
15
8
Nortons equivalent:
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= 30/7 = 3
By current division,
ix =
30
7
[73 ] =
3
+3
30
7
[16] =
15
8
1V
IT
(or)
2. Place a current source of 1A across the terminals and find the voltage (Vt) across the
current source. Then,
V
R th = R N = 1AT
Example 3:
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Solution:
1. by placing 1V voltage source across terminals x-y
By nodal analysis,
V1
3
2Vo +
V1 1
5
=0
And,
2
Vo = V1 (3)
V1
3
4V1
5
IT =
4V1
3
V1
5=0
= V1 =
1V1
5
1(
1
)
4
= 4A
R xy = R Th = R N =
1V
IT
1
1
4
= 4
By nodal analysis
V1
3
2Vo 1 = 0
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And,
Vo =
1
3
2V1
3
41
3
1 = 0 1 = 1
By KVL,
1 5 + = 0 1 5 + = 0 = 4
= = = 1 = 1 = 4
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