MATRICES

THREE LEVELS OF GRADED QUESTIONS

LEVEL- 1
3 4 x = 19
, find the value of x.
2 x 1
15

S.No.
2.

[ ][ ] [ ]

If
3.
5.

Construct a 3x3 matrix A, where aij = 2i 3j .

1 0 0 x
1
=
0 1 0 y 1
Write the value of x + y + z if
0 0 1 z
0

0
1 2
1 0
3
x 3 0

[ ][ ] [ ]
[ ]

For what value of x, is the matrix A=

a skew-

symmetric
matrix?
7

If A=
8
9
10

[ ]
3 1
2 2
1 3

and B=

, write the order of AB and BA.

If A, B and C are three non-zero square matrices of same order, find the
condition on A such that AB = AC B = C.
Give an examples of two non-zero 22 matrices A and B such that AB=0.
5 + 3 4 = 7 6
2 x
Find the value of x and y if
7 y3 1 2
15 14

11
If AT=
12

[ ]

If

A= 1 2
3 4

If

14

][

][

3 4
1 2 1 , thenfind A T BT .
1 2 andB=
1 2 3
0 1

If
13

'

)( )

2 x+ y 3 y = 6
0
4
6

( )

0
4

, then find x and y.

, find A + A

)(

5 3x = 5 4
2y z
12 6

'

, then find x,y and z.

15

If A is a matrix of order 23 and B is of matrix of order 35, what is the

17

order
of the matrix (AB) ?
2x
1
4 1
I f 5 x +2 y = 5 0

18
S.No
1

2 1 4
4 1 5

)( )

( ) (

, find the value of

1 2
3 2
If A= 3 4 B= 0 1

y.

,find i)3A+2B ii)A- 3B

LEVEL II
If A is square matrix satisfying A2 = I, then what is the inverse of A?

2
If A =

4
(2 x3

x +2 is symmetric Find x
.
x +1

[]

1
2 [2 3 4 ]
3

Find the product

4
If the matrix
5
If A =

1 3
1 2

0 a 3
2 b 1
c 1 0

6
If 2 A + 3 B =
7
If A =

[ ]
2 4
3 5

[ ]
2 3
4 0

10
If A =

[ ]
1 0
2 1

[ ]
3 0
1 2

[ ]
5
3

4
2

[ ] [
2 3
4 5

[ ]
1 2 2
2 1 2
2 2 1

2 2
1 5

, find A and B.

, then verify that (AB)= BA.

0 3
10 3

, Prove that A + A is a symmetric matrix.

[ ]
5 4
1 1

Find the matrix X, for which

[ ]
3 2 5
4 1 3
0 6 7

Let A =

satisfies A2 4A 5 I = 0, and hence find A-1.

12
13

, 2A + B + X = 0 , find X.

and 3 A + 2 B =

and B =

Find A such that A

Show that A =

is skew symmetric, find a + b + c .

and B =

X =

1 2
1 3

. Express A as a sum of symmetric and skew symmetric

matrices.
If A =

[ ]

If A =

[ ]

14

15

3 4
1 2
0 1

1 2
2 1

and B =

1 2 1
1 2 3

, then find A - B

, f(x) = x2 -2x 3 , show that f(A) = 0.

16
Solve for x and y:

][ ] [ ]

3 4 x = 3
1 2 y
11

17
If A =
18

1 0
1 7

, find k so that A2 = 8A + k

Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric and skew symmetric matrix

and Verify your result:

19

3 2 4
3 2 5
1 1
2

Using elementary operations, find the inverse of the following matrix, :

1
2
3
2
5
7
2 4 5

21
If A =

cosx sinx
sinx cosx

prove that An =

cosnx sinnx
sinnx cosnx

for all positive integers

LEVEL III
Find the inverse of the following matrix using elementary operations:
1
2 2
A= 1 3
0
0 2 1

2
If A-1 =

3
1 1
15 6 5
5
2 2

3
Find X, if X +

[ x 1] 1

Find x, if
If A =
6

2 1
3 1

4
5

[ ]
2 3
4 5

and B =

][ ]

0 x
2 3 3

[ ]
2 4
5 0

1
2 2
1 3
0
0 2 1

, find (AB)-1

= 0.

,Prove that A+ A is symmetric and A A is skew symmetric

matrices
Using elementary operation, find the inverse of the matrix
1 1 2
1 2 3 .
A=
3 1 1

8
If f(x) =

cos x sin x 0
sin x cos x 0
0
0
1

, then show that f(x) f(y) = f ( x +y).

9
If A =

0 2
3 4

and kA =

If AA= I where A =

10

12
If A =

cos isin
isin cos

that An =
13
Let A =

0 1
0 0

0 3a
2b 24

b 2b c
a b c
a b c

, find a,b and k.

find a,b and c.

, then prove by principle of mathematical induction

cosn isinn
isinn cosn

[ ]

, Show that ( a I + b A )n = an I + n an-1 b A, where I is the

identity matrix of order 2 and n N.

VALUEBASED QUESTIONS
1

For keeping Fit X people believes in morning walk, Y people believe in yoga and Z people join Gym. Total
no of people are 70.further 20% 30% and 40% people are suffering from any disease who believe in
morning walk, yoga and GYM respectively. Total no. of such people is 21. If morning walk cost Rs.0
Yoga cost Rs.500/month and GYM cost Rs.400/ month and total expenditure is Rs.23000.
(i) Formulate a matrix problem.
(ii) Calculate the no. of each type of people.
(iii)
Why exercise is important for health?
2. An amount of Rs. 600 crores is spent by the government in three schemes. Scheme A is for saving girl
child from the cruel parents who dont want girl child and get the abortion before her birth. Scheme B is for
saving of newlywed girls from death due to dowry. Scheme C is planning for good health for senior citizen.
Now twice the amount spent on Scheme C together with amount spent on Scheme A is Rs 700 crores. And
three times the amount spent on Scheme A together with amount spent on Scheme B and Scheme C is Rs
1200 crores. Find the amount spent on each Scheme using matrices? What is the importance of saving girl
child from the cruel parents who dont want girl child and get the abortion before her birth?
3.
There are three families. First family consists of 2 male members, 4 female members and 3 children.
Second family consists of 3 male members, 3 female members and 2 children. Third family consists of 2
male members, 2 female members and 5 children. Male member earns Rs 500 per day and spends Rs 300
per day. Female member earns Rs 400 per day and spends Rs 250 per day child member spends Rs 40 per
day. Find the money each family saves per day using matrices? What is the necessity of saving in the
family?
4 Two schools A and B decided to award prizes to their students for three values honesty (x),
punctuality (y) and obedience (z). School A decided to award a total of Rs. 11000 for the
three values to 5, 4 and 3 students respectively while school B decided to award Rs. 10700
for the three values to 4, 3 and 5 students respectively. If all the three prizes together amount
to Rs. 2700, then
i)Represent the above situation by a matrix equation and form Linear equations

using matrix multiplication.

ii) Is it possible to solve the system of equations so obtained using matrices?
iii) Which value you prefer to be rewarded most and why?

DETERMINANTS
LEVEL I
1.

[ ]

If A= 1 2
4 2

then show that

2
Find the value of x if

| || |
2 4 =2x 4
5 1
6 x

Using property prove that

Using property prove that

|2 A|

= 4 | A| .

ab bc ca
bc ca ab
ca ab bc

1 bc a(b+ c)
1 ca b (c +a)
1 ab c(a+b)

= 0.

= 0.

Find the area of the triangle with vertices (-2, -3), (3,2) and (-1, -8) .

6
Using co-factors of second row, evaluate =

| |
5 3 8
2 0 1
1 2 3

7
Using co-factors of elements of third column evaluate =

10

If A is of order 3x3 and | A| = 5 then find the |adjA| .

| |
1
1
1

x
y
z

yz
zx
xy

11
If Aijis the co factor of the element aij if the determinant

2 3 5
6 0
4
1 5 7

of a32 .A32

S.No

LEVEL II

1
If A =

[ ]
1 0 1
0 1 2
0 0 4

2
Using properties evaluate

3
Prove that

| |
1 a bc
1 b ca
1 c ab

b+ c
a
a
b c +a
b
c
c
a+b

4
Using properties show that

|3 A| = 27 | A| .

, then show that

= 4 abc.

| |
1 a a2
1 b b2
1 c c2

= (a-b)(b-c)(c-a).

Solve 5x+2y =4 ; 7x+3y = 5.

7
Verify A(adjA) = (adj A) A = | A| I if A =

8
If A =
10

[ ]
3 7
2 5

and B =

[ ]
6 8
7 9

verify that (AB)-1= B-1 A -1.

Evaluate the determinant

0
sinx cosx
sinx
0
siny
cosx siny
0

11

1 1 2
3 0 2
1 0
3

If A is of order 3 anddet A = 4, find det(3A).

write the value

13

Show that the points A (a, b+c), B (b,c+a), C(c,a+b) are collinear.

14

Find values of k if area of triangle is 4 sq.units and vertices are (-2,0),(0,4), (0,k).

15

Find equation of line joining (1,2) and (3,6) using determinants.

16

If A is of order 3 and det (A) = -2, find det (AdjA)

17

1 1 1
0 1 k
1 2 1

Find k if

is singular

LEVEL III
1

2
1 3
A= 4 1 0
7 2 1

If

, find A-1 and hence solve the system of equations:

x+ y+ 3 z=3 , 4 x y=37 x+2 y + z=2 .

) (

1 1 0
2
2 4
A= 2 3 4 andB= 4 2 4
0 1 2
2 1 5

If

system of equations.

, find AB. Use this to solve the following

x - y =3 , 2x +3y + 4z =17 and y + 2z = 7 .

Examine the consistency of the following system of equations.

3x-y+7y=3, 2x+y+3z, x+4y-2z

Examine the consistency of the following system of equations

x y + z=3, 2x+y-z=3, -x-2y+2z=1

adjA 64, find A

If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that

8
If A is invertible matrix of 3 X 3 and

then find

If a, b and c are real numbers and

b +c c+ a a+b
c+ a a+b b+ c =0 . Show that either a+b+c=0 or a=b=c.
a+ b b+c c +a

10

A 1

A 7

Using properties of determinants, prove that if x, y and z are different and

|
11

x
y
z

x 2 1+ x 3
y 2 1+ y 3 =0 , show that 1+xyz=0.
z 2 1+ z3

Using properties of determinants, prove the following:

( b+ c )
b2
c2

a2
a2
3
2
( c+ a )
b2 =2abc ( a+b +c ) .
2
c2
( a+ b )

13
Use the product

][

1 1 2 2 0 1
0 2 3 9 2 3
3 2 4
6 1 2

to Solve the system of equations:

x y +2z = 1,2y 3z = 1, 3x 2y + 4z = 2.
14

Using matrices solve the following system of equations:

2x 3y +5z = 11, 3x + 2y -4z = -5, x + y -2z = -3

15

Use matrix method, solve the following system of equations:

2
x

3
y

10
z

= 4,

4
x

6
y

5
+ z

= 1,

6
x

9
y

20
z

= 2: where x 0, y 0, z 0
16

There are 3 families A, B and C. The number of men, women and children in these families
are given below:
Men

Women

Children

Family A

Family B

Family C

Daily expense of men, women and children are Rs200, Rs150 and Rs 200 respectively.
Only men and women earn and children do not. Using matrix multiplication, calculate the
daily expense of each family. What impact does more children in the family create on the
society?

17

Two institutions decided to award their employees for the three values of Resourcefulness,
competence and determination in the form of prizes at the rate Rs x, Rs y and Rs z
respectively per person. The first institution decided to award 4, 3 and 2 respectively with
total prize money of Rs37000 and the second institution decided to award respectively 5, 3
and 4 with total prize money of Rs47000. If all the three prizes per person together amount
Rs 12000, then using matrix method find the values of x, y and z.
VALUEBASED QUESTIONS

Q.1.

Three shopkeepers A, B, C are using polythene, handmade bags (prepared by prisoners), and newspapers
envelope as carry bags. it is found that the shopkeepers A, B, C are using (20,30,40) , (30,40,20,) ,
(40,20,30) polythene , handmade bags and newspapers envelopes respectively. The shopkeepers A, B, C
spent Rs.250, Rs.220 & Rs.200 on these carry bags respectively .Find the cost of each carry bags using
matrices. Keeping in mind the social & environmental conditions, which shopkeeper is better? & why?

Q.2

In a Legislative assembly election, a political party hired a public relation firm to promote its candidate in
three ways; telephone, house calls and letters. The numbers of contacts of each type in three cities A, B &
C are (500, 1000, and 5000), (3000, 1000, 10000) and (2000, 1500, 4000), respectively. The party paid
Rs. 3700, Rs.7200, and Rs.4300 in cities A, B & C respectively. Find the costs per contact using matrix
method. Keeping in mind the economic condition of the country, which way of promotion is better in
your view?

Q.3

A trust fund has Rs. 30,000 is to be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond pays 5%
interest per annum which will be given to orphanage and second bond pays7% interest per annum which
will be given to an N.G.O. cancer aid society. Using matrix multiplication, determine how to divide Rs
30,000 among two types of Bonds if the trust fund obtains an annual total interest of Rs. 1800. What are
the values reflected in the question.

Q.4

Using matrix method solve the following system of equations x + 2y +

z=7
x y + z =4
x + 3y +2z = 10
If X represents the no. of persons who take food at home. Y represents the no. of persons who take junk
food in market and z represent the no. of persons who take food at hotel. Which way of taking food you
prefer and why?

Continuity and Differentiability

THREE LEVELS OF GRADED QUESTIONS

Level I

1
2

Examine the continuity of f(x) = x - 5

1
Examine the continuity of f(x) = x3

5
6
7

8
9
10

x3

k x 2 , ifx 2
3 ifx>2

Find the value of k so that f(x)=

4

is continuous at x=2

dy
dx

If y=(logx)2 find
dy
If y= esinx find dx
Find

dy
dx

if 2x+3y=sinx

dy
Find dx

if

y=cos1

1x 2
1+ x2

( )
y= x

Differentiate with respect to x :

Find

dy
dx

logx

if x=at2 , y= 2at

If y= asinx+bcosx, then prove that y+ y = 0

Second Phase Practice(Self Assessment)

1
2
3
4
5

Find the derivative of (3x2-9x+5)9 with respect to x

Find the derivative of cos-1(x/2) with respect to x
Find the derivativeof cos2x+cos5x-secx, with respect to x
Find the second order derivative of y=x3 + tanx
Differentiate log(logx) with respect to x.
LEVEL II

First Phase
1
2

x= asin

If

y= a cos

Differentiate tan

1+ x 21
x

, Show that

dy
dx

= -

with respect to x

2
Differentiate sin ( cos ( x ) ) with respect to x

2 5
3
Differentiate cos x . sin ( x )

Differentiate sec ( tan ( x ) ) with respect to x

d2 y
1
y=cos
x
,
find
If
d x2

with respect to x

in terms of y alone.

y
x

7
8

Find all the points of discontinuity of the function f defined by

dy y
p q
p +q
=
f x y =( x+ y )
, Prove that dx x

dy
Find dx

10

Show that the function f(x)= |x +2| is continuous at every x R , but fails to be

11
12
13

if y= tan

1+ x2 + 1x 2
1+ x 2 1x 2

, 0 < |x|<1

differentiable at x= 2
If y=3cos(logx) + 4sin(logx), Show that x2y2 +xy1 + y = 0
Use Lagranges mean value theorem to determine a point P on the curve y=
, where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining (2,0) and (3,1).
x
sin

If

y=x x +

14

LEVEL III
For whatvaluesofaandb , thefunctionfdefinedas :

f ( x )=

15
16
17

If
If

3 ax+ b , ifx<1
11 ,ifx=1
iscontinuous at x=1.
5 ax2 b , ifx>1

x y + y x =a b , find

dy
dx

x y + y x + x x =a b , find

dy
dx

dy y
=
dx x

x y
If tan x 2 + y 2 =a , then prove that

18
If

1x 2+ 1 y 2=a( x y)

, prove that

dy
1x 2
=
dx
1 y 2

Find the relationship between a and b so that the function f defined by

f ( x )= ax +1, x 3 iscontinuousatx=3.
bx +3, x> 3
19

x 2 +ax +b , 0 x <2
3 x +2, 2 x 4
The function f(x) is defined as f(x)
.
2 ax +5 b , 4 < x 8
if f(x) is continuous on [0,8], find the values of a and b.

x2

x
1+log

20

If

x y =e x y , provethat
21

If

y=x

dy
dx

dy log x
=
dx

find

22
f ( x )=

Find the value of k for which

1+kx 1kx if 1 x <0

x
2 x +1
if 0 x<1
x1

is continuous at x = 0

Second Phase Practice(Self Assessment)

1

Find the relationship between a and b so that the function f defined by :

f ( x )= ax +1, x 3 iscontinuousatx=3.
bx +3, x> 3

Find all the point of discontinuity of the function f defined by

x +2, ifx 1
x
2,if
1< x , 2
f(x)=
0 , ifx 2

If ( x + x +1 )
2

d2 y
dy
2
(
)
x
+
1
+ x m 2 y=0 .
2
, show that
dx
dx

4
1. Differentiate the following with respect to x :

5
6

IF x=

sin1 t

andY = a cos t , showthat

1
Differentiate tan

1+ x 21
x

sin

dy y
=
dx
x

with respect to x.

2 x+1 .3 x
x
1+ ( 36 )

VECTORS
Level 1
^
^
^
^
^
^
1. Find the angle between the vectors i -2 j +3 k and 3 i -2 j + k
^
^
^ ^
^
^
2. Find projection of the vector i+ 3 j +7 k on the vector7 i - j +8 k

3. Evaluate the product (3 a - 5 b ).( 2 a +7 b )

^
^ ^
4. Find the drs of the vector a =i+ j2 k .
5. Find the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are determined by the vectors
^
^

^ ^j
^
^
a =i
+3 k and b = 2 i7 j + k .

6. If P (1,5,4) and Q(4,1,2) find the direction ratios of PQ .

^

^ ^ ^
^ ^
7. If a =i+2 jk and b=3i+ j5 k , find a unit vector in the direction a b .

8. If |a|= 3 , |b|=2 and a . b=3 , find the angle between a b .

9. What is the angle between a b with the vectors of magnitude 3 and

respectively and a . b=3 .

10.

Write the position vector of the point dividing the line segment joining the points A
^

^ ^
and B with position vectors a b externally in the ratio 1:4, where a =2 i+3 j+ 4 k

^ ^ ^
and b=i+ j+ k .
^
^

^ ^
^
11.
Given a = 2 i j + k and b = j -4 k , find such that a . b =3.
^
^
12.
Find a vector in the direction of a =i2 j that has magnitude 7 units.
13.

Find
the
value
of
for
^ ^jk^ i
^ ^j+ k^ are perpendicular each other .
3 i+2

which

the

vectors

^
^
14. If vector a = i +3 j , |a|= 5,find .
^
^ ^ ^
^ ^
15. Vectors 2 i j+2 k and i+ j3 k

act along the adjacent sides of a parallelogram. Find

the angle between the diagonals of the parallelogram.

^
^
^ ^
^
^
16. Show that the area of the parallelogram having diagonals 3 i+ j2 k and i3 j+ 4 k
is 5

3. Sq.units.

17. If the vertices A,B,C, of a triangle ABC are (1,2,3), (-1,0,0) , (0,1,2) respectively , then
find area of triangle ABC .

^
^
18. If a unit vector a makes an angle 3 with i , 3 with j and an acute angle

^
with k

, then find and hence the components of a .

19. If vectors a , b c are such that a + b +c =0 and |a|=3 , |b|=5 and |c|=7 ,

find the angle between a b .

2
^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^
20. If the vectors a i+ a j+c k , i+ kc i+ c j+ b k are coplanar show that c =ab .

21. Find the scalar components of the vector AB with initial point A(2,1) and terminal
point B(-5,7).
22. Show that the points A(-2,3,5) , B(1,2,3) and C(7,0,-1) are collinear.
^ ^
^ ^
23.Find the unit vector in the direction of the resultant of a =2 i j , b=3 i+2 j
Level 2
. b = 0 then what can be concluded about the vector b ?
1. If a . a = 0 and a
^
^
^

^
^
^
^
^
^
2. If a = i + j + k , b = 2 i - j +3 k and c= i -2 j + k , find a unit vector
parallel to the vector

a
2
b +3 c .
= 2 i^ - ^j
3. For given vector a

^
+2 k

^
^
and b = - i + j - k , find the unit vector in

the direction of the vector a + b .

4. Let a , b , and c be three vectors such that

|a| = 3 , |b| = 4 and |c| = 5 and

each one of them being perpendicular to the sum of the other two , find |a + b + c| .


5.Show that |a|b

+ |b| a is perpendicular to |a|b

- |b| a , for any two non- zero vectors

a and b .
6. If a,b,c are lengths of the opposite sides respectively to the angles A,B,C of a triangle ABC, Prove that
b2+ c 2a2
cos
A=
i)
ii) a=b cos C+ c cos B .
2bc
7. Find the volume of the parallelepiped whose adjacent sides are represented by
^
^j+5 k^ , b=2 i+2
^ ^j k^ , c =4 i+3
^ ^j+2 k^
a , b , c where a =3 i2

Level 3

1. If a = b + c , then is it true that |a| = |b| + |c|

? Justify your answer.

2. Write down a unit vector in XY plane making an angle of 30 in the positive direction
of X- axis.


3.If a =i + j , b = j+ k
and c = k + i , find the unit vector in the direction of
a + b +c

2
4.Let a b be two vectors such that |a|=3|b|= 3
a b is a unit vector .Then what is theangle between a b .

5. Write the value of i . ( j k )+ j . ( k i ) + k . ( j i ) .

6.For two non-zero vectors a b write when |a + b|=|a|+|b| holds.

7. If a , b , c , are unit vectors such that a + b + c = 0, find the value of a . b + b .

c +
c . a .

^
8.Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors a + b and a - b where a =3 i +2
^
^

^j
^
^
+2 k and b = i +2 j -2 k .
9.Show that the points A,B and C

with PVs 2 i j+ k , i 3 j5 k and 3 i 4 j4 k respectively are the vertices of a right triangle.

Also find the remaining angles of the triangle.

10.

If

a , b , c

are the PVs of the vertices of A,B and C of a ABC respectively . Find an

expression for the area of the ABC and hence deduce the condition that for the point A,B and C to be
collinear.

11.
If vector a and b are two unit vectors and is the angle between then, show that Sin

1
|a b| .
2 = 2
12

^
^
^
^
^
^
If vectors a i + j + k . i +b j + k
1
1a

1
1b

1
1c

=1.a,b.c 1.

^
^
^
and i + j +c k

are coplanar show that

^^
If with reference to the right handed system of mutually perpendicular unit vectors, i , j ,and
=3 i - j , =2 i + j -
3 k , then express in the form =
k^ ,

13.

+ 2 . Where 1 is parallel to and 2 is perpendicular to .

Let a = i + 4 j - 2 k , b =3 i -2 j +7 k and c =2 i - j + 4 k .Find a

vector d which is perpendicular to both a & b and c . d =15.

1

14.

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS

1. If a , b , c , are position vectors of vertices A,B,C of triangleABC, show that the area of the

triangle is

1
|a b + b c + c a|
2

A student takes honesty, truthfulness and complacency as the three sides of the triangle. Which side of
the triangle do we prefer to take? Give your suggestion.
^
^
^
2. Let A and B be two points whose position vectors are 3 i - 4 j + 8 k and
AB and
BA .
4 i^ - 7 ^j + 4 k^ respectively. Find
If point A represents a person who isregular and systematic and B represents a lazy person, which

vector AB or BA would you choose for your success?

3. Three hoardings are displayed at the points A,B and C diplaying A(Do not litter), B(Keep your place
clean) and C(Go green). If these 3 points form a triangle ABC, find the area of triangle ABC using
method of vectors if points A,B and C are (0,2,1),(4,8,2) and (8,4,3) respectively.
Give your views in two lines about GO GREEN

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

THREE LEVELS OF GRADED QUESTIONS:
S.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

LEVEL 1
Find the direction cosines of the line passing through the two points ( -2,4,-5) and
(1,2,3)
Find the direction cosines of X,Y,and Z-axes.

If P(1,5,4) and Q(4,1,2) find the direction ratios of PQ and hence the
direction cosines.
What is the cosine of the angle which the vector 2 i + j + k makes with y-axis.
Find the Vector and Cartesian equations for the line passing through the points ( -1,0,2)
and( 3,4,6)
x +3
y 1
z +3
Find the angle between the pair of lines: 3
=
= 4
;
5
x +1
1

7.

y 4
1

z5
2

Find the vector and the Cartesian equations of the line through the point ( 5,-2,3) and
which is parallel to the vector 3i+2j-8k.

9.

Find the distance of the plane 2 x 3 y+ 4 z6=0 from the origin.

z3
x1
y2 z3 are perpendicular , then find k.
If the lines x1 = y2 = 2
=
=
3 2 k
k
1
5

10.

Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2,4,-1) to the line

8.

x +5 y +3 z6
=
=
1
4
9

11.

Find the coordinates of the image of the point P (1 , 3 , 4) in the plane 2x-y+z+3=0.

12.

Prove that the image of the point (3, -2, 1) in the plane
plane

13.

3 x y +4 z =2

lies on the

x+ y+ z+ 4=0.

Find the length of the perpendicular from the point (2, -1, 5) to the line
x11 y+ 2 z +8
=
=
10
4 11 .

14.

Find the coordinates of the point where the line

x +1 y+ 2 z +3
=
=
2
3
4

meets the plane

x+ y+ 4 z=6.

15.

Find the angle between the line

x +1
2

y
3 =

z3
6

and the plane 10z+2y-11z =

3
16.

^
^ ^
^ ^ ^
Show that the lines r =3 i+2 j4 k + ( i+2 j+2 k ) and
^
^j+ ( 3 i+2
^ ^j+6 k^ )
r =5 i2
are intersecting. Hence find their point of
intersection.

17.

18.

Find the vector equation of the line parallel to the line

and

passing through (3 , 0 , -4)

Find the shortest distance between the lines, whose equations are
10z
x15
x8 y+ 9
7
582 y z5
=
=
=
=
3
16
3
16
5

19.

x1 3 y z +1
=
=
5
2
4

Find the Co-ordinates of the point where the line through the point (5,1,6) and ( 3,4,1)
crosses the YZ-plane.
LEVEL 2

1.

measured
parallel to the plane 4x+12y-3z+1=0.
2.

3.

x +2 2 y +3 3 z +4
=
=
3
4
5

Find the distance of the point (-2, 3, -4) from the line

Find the vector equation of the line parallel to the line

x1 3 y z +1
=
=
5
2
4

and

passing through (3 , 0 , -4). Also find the distance between these two lines. Also obtain
the equation of the plane containing the line and the point (1, 2, 3).


Find the equation of the plane containing the lines r =i + j+ (i +2 j k ) and
r =i + j+ (i + j2 k ) . Find the distance of the plane from origin and also from the

4.

5.

6.

point (1,1,1).
Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2,4,-1) to the line
x +5 y +3 z6
=
=
1
4
9
Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point P(2, 4, -1) to the line
x +5 y +3 z6
=
=
1
4
9 . Also, write down the coordinates of the foot of the
perpendicular from P to the line.
x1 y2 z3
=
=
If the lines
and
3 2 k
2

x1 y2 z3
=
=
k
1
5

are perpendicular,

find the value of k and hence find the equation of plane containing these lines.
7.

Find the foot of the perpendicular from the point P(1, 2, 3)on the line
x6 y7 z7
=
=
3
2
2 . Also obtain the equation of the plane containing the line and the

8.

point (1, 2, 3).

Find the coordinates of foot of perpendicular and the length of the perpendicular drawn
^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^
from the point P ( 5,4,2) to the line r =( i+3 j+ k ) + ( 2 i+ 3 jk ) . Also find the
image of P in this line.

9.

Find the distance of the point (-2, 3, -4) from the line
measured

10.

x +2 2 y +3 3 z +4
=
=
3
4
5

parallel to the plane 4 x +12 y3 z +1=0.

Find the foot of the perpendicular from the point P(1, 2, 3)on the line
x6 y7 z7
=
=
3
2
2
Also obtain the equation of the plane containing the line and the point (1, 2, 3).

11.

^
Find the equation of the plane containing the lines r =i

^
^ ^ ^
+ j+ ( i+2 j k ) and

+ ^j+ (i^ + ^jk^ ) . Find the distance of the plane from origin and also

r =i^

from the point (1,1,1).

12.

Find the distance of the point (3, 4, 5) from the plane

x+ y=z=2

measured parallel

to the line 2 x = y=z .

13.

Find the distance of the point (-1 ,-5, -10) from the point of intersection of the line
^ ^j+ 2 k^ ) + ( 3 i+
^ 4^j +2 k^ )
^ ^ ^
r =( 2 i
and the plane r ( i j+ k ) =5 .

14.

Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes
^ ^j+ k^ ) =1r . ( 2 i+3
^ ^j k^ ) + 4=0
r . ( i+
and parallel to x axis.

15.

Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes,
2 x + y z=3 ,
5 x3 y+ 4 z +9=0
and parallel to the line
x1 y3 z5
=
=
2
4
5 .

16.

17.

Find the distance between the point P(6, 5, 9) and the plane determined by thepoints
A(3, -1, 2), B(5, 2, 4), and C(-1, -1, 6).
Find the distance of the point (2, 3, 4) from the line

measured

to the plane 3 x+2 y +2 z5=0.

parallel
18.

x +3 y2 z
=
=
3
6
2

Show that the four points ( 0,-1,-1) ( 4,5,1) ( 3,9,4) and (-4,4 ,4) are coplanar. Also find
the equation of the plane containing them

LEVEL3

1.

Find the equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes 2x +y-3z = 4 and
3x+4y+8z-1=0 and making equal intercepts on coordinate axes . (Ans: 5x +5y+5z=3)

2.

3.

Find the equation of the plane containing the line

and

perpendicular to the plane 2x-y+2z = 11.

(Ans: 2x-6y-5z = 3.)
Find the vector equation of the plane through the line of intersection of the planes
r

^
^
-3 j +4 k ) =1 and r

^
.( 2 i

plane r

^
.( 2 i

Ans : r

4.

x2 y 1 z +1
=
=
4
3
2

^
^
.( i - j )+ 4 =0 and perpendicular to the

^
^
-3 j +4 k ) =1

^
^
^
.(-5 i +2 j +12 k ) =47 )

Find the equation of the plane perpendicular to the line

x +1 y+ 2 z +3
=
=
2
3
4

passing through the point where the given line meets the plane x +y +4z =6 .
(Ans : 2x+3y+4z = 9.)

and

5.

6.

Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes
^ ^j ) 6=0r . ( 3 i
^ ^j4 k^ )=0
r . ( i+3
whose perpendicular distance from origin is
unity.
Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes
2 x +3 yz +1=0x + y2 z +3=0 and perpendicular to the plane
3 x y2 z4=0 alos find inclination of this plane with XY-plane.

7.

8.

Find the vector and Cartesian equations of the plane passing through the intersection of
^ ^j+ k^
r . ( i+
r . ( 2 i^ +3 ^j+ 4 k^ ) = -5 and the point

the planes
) = 6 and
(1,1,1)
Let P(3,2,6) be a point in the space and Q be a point on the line
^ ^j +2 k^ ) + (3 i+
^ ^j+5 k^ ) then
r .=( i

find the value of for which the vector

PQ

9.

is parallel to the plane

x 4y + 3z = 1.

Find the vector and Cartesian equations of the plane which bisects the line joining the
points ( 3,-2,1) and (1,4,-3) at right angles.

APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATIONS
THREE LEVELS OF GRADED QUESTIONS

LEVEL I

1. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y 2 = x and the lines x = 1 and
x =4 and the x - axis.

2. Find the area of the region bounded by y = x 2 and the lines y = 2 and y= 4 andthe y- axis.

3. Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse

x y
+ =1
16 9

4. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y=x2 and y=x

5. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y = x between x = -1 and x=1.

6. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve x2=4y and the line x=4y-2

7.Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2= 4x and the line x= 3

8 .Find the area of the region lying in the first quadrant and bounded by y=4x2, x=0,y=1 and y=4
9. Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola x2 = y, and the line y = x+2 and the
x-axis
10. Find the area lying in the first quadrant and bounded by the circle x2+ y2=4 and the
lines x=0 and x=2.
11.

Find the area of the region bounded by the curve

1
y= , x
axis and between
x

x=1, x =4
12

Find the area of the region bounded by the curve

13

Find the area of the region bounded by the curve

14

2
2
Find the area bounded by the curve x + y =4

y=x +1 and the lines x=2x=3

y=cosx, between x=0x=

in first quadrant

LEVEL 2
1. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y = x2 and y2 = x

2. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y= x2and y = |x|

3 Find the area of the circle 4x2+4y2=9 which is interior to the parabola x2=4y

4. Using Integration find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose vertices
are (1,0), (2,2) and (3,1)

5. Using integration find the area of the triangular region whose sides
have the equations y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1 and x = 4

6. Find the area bounded by the curve y = sin x between x = 0 and x =2

x 2+ y 2 =4

7. Find the area of the smaller region enclosed by the circle

and the line

x+ y=2

8. Find the area of the parabola y2=4ax bounded by the latus rectum.

9. Find the area of the region bounded by the line y=3x+2, the x-axis and the ordinates x=-1 and x=1

10. Find the area of the region included between 4y=3x2,and the line 3x-2y+12=0
.
11. Find area of the region { ( x, y) :y x2 +1, y

x+1, 0

2}

12. Draw the rough sketch and find the area of the region bounded by two parabolas

4 y 2 =9x and 3 x 2 =16 y by using the method of integration.

13.

FindFind the area enclosed by the curve

x2 y2
+ =1
9 16

14
Find Find the smaller of the two areas enclosed between the ellipse

x2 y2
+ =1 and the line
a2 b2

bxbbx +ay=ab
15. FindFind the smaller of two areas bounded by the curve

y=|x| and

x + y =8

LEVEL 3
1. Sketch the region bounded by the curves y=

5x 2

and y=

|x1| and find its area.

2. Make a rough sketch of the region given below and find its area using
integration { (x, y); 0 yx2, 0 y 2x+ 3, 0x 3 }

3. Find the ratio of the area into which the curve y2=6x divides the region bounded by
x2+y2 =4 and (x+2 )2+ y2= 4 using integration

4. Sketch the graph of

y=|x +1| . Evaluate

|x+ 1|
3

dx

5. Sketch the graph of

|+2, x 2
f ( x )= |x2
2
x 2,x >2 Evaluate f(x)dx

6.Find the area lying above x-axis and included between the circles x2+y2=8x and the
parabola y2=4x

7. Find the area of the region between the two curves ( x-1)2+y2=1 and x2+y2=1

8. Prove that the curves y2=4x and x2=4y divide the area of the square bounded by x=0, x = 4,
y=4and y=0 into three equal parts.

9. Find the area bounded by the curve y=x3, the x-axis and the ordinates x=-2 and x=1

10. Find the area of the region enclosed between two circles x2+y2=9 and

( x3)2 +y2 =9

11 Using integration , find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are

(2,2 )( 0,5 ) ( 3,2 )

12 Find the area bounded by curves

y=|x|1 and

13 Find the area bounded by the curves

14 Find the area bounded by curve
x=1

y=1|x|

y=|x 1| and

y=x |x| and

y=3|x|

x -axis and the ordinates x=1 and

15

Find the area of the region

{( x , y ) :0 y x 2+3,0 y 2 x+3,0 x 3 }

16 Calculate the area of the region enclosed between the circles

x 2+ y 2 =1 and

1 2 2
+ y =1
2

( )
x

17 Find the area enclosed by the curve

x=3 cos t , y =2sin t

18 Draw a rough sketch of the given curve

y=1+|x +1|, x=3, x=3, y=0 and find the area

of the region bounded by them, using integration.

LINEAR PROGRAMMING
3.

A producer has 20 and 10 units of labor and capital respectively which he can
use to produce two kinds of goods X and Y. To produce one unit of goods X,
2 units of capital and 1 unit of labor is required. To produce one unit of goods
Y, 3 units of labor and one unit of capital is required. If X and Y are priced at
Rs.80 and Rs.100 per unit respectively, how should the producer use his
resources to maximize the total revenue?. Solve the problem graphically.

4.

A small firm manufactures items A and B. The total number of items A and B that it can
manufacture in a day is at the most 24. Item A takes one hour to make while item B
takes only half an hour. The maximum time available per day is 16 hours. If the profit
on one unit of item A be Rs.300 and one unit of item B be Rs.160, how many of each
type of item be produced to maximize the profit? Solve the problem graphically.

5.

Kellogg is a new cereal formed of a mixture of bran and rice that contains at least 88gms
of protein and at least 36 milligrams of iron. Knowing that bran contains 80gms of
protein and 40 milligrams of iron per kilogram, and that rice contains 100gms of protein
and 30 milligrams of iron per kilogram, find the minimum cost of producing this new
cereal if bran costs Rs.5 per kilogram and rice costs Rs.4 per kilogram.

6.

A firm manufactures two types of products A and B and sells them at a profit of Rs.5
per unit of type A and Rs.3 per unit of type B. Each product is produced on two
machines M1 and M2, whereas one unit of type B requires one minute of processing time
on M1 and one minute on M2machines M1 and M2 are respectively available for at most
5 hours and 6 hours in a day. Find out how many units of each type of product should
the firm produce a day in order to maximize the profit. Solve the problem graphically.

7.

A factory owner wants to purchase two types of machines, A and B , for his factory. The
machine A requires an area of 1000 m2 and 12 skilled men for running it and its daily
output is 50 units, whereas the machine B requires 1200m2 and 8 skilled men and its
daily output is 40 units. If an area of 7600m2 and 72 skilled man be available to operate
the machine, how many machines of each type should be bought to maximize the daily
output.

8.

A housewife wishes to mix up two kinds of food X and Y in such a way that the mixture
contains at least 10 units of vitamin A and 12 units of vitamin B and 8 units of
vitamin C. The vitamin contents of 1 kg. of food X and 1 kg of food Y are as given in
the following table:
Food
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin c
X

If one kg of food X costs Rs.6 and 1 kg of food Y costs Rs.10, find the lest cost of the
mixture which will produce the desired diet.
9.

A factory owner wants to purchase two types of machines, A and B , for his factory. The
machine A requires an area of 1000 m2 and 12 skilled men for running it and its daily
output is 50 units, whereas the machine B requires 1200m2 and 8 skilled men and its
daily output is 40 units. If an area of 7600m2 and 72 skilled man be available to operate
the machine, how many machines of each type should be bought to maximize the daily
output.
LEVEL - 2
A dietician wishes to mix two types of food in such a way that the vitamin content of the
mixture contain at least 8 unit of vitamin A and 10 unit of vitamin C. Food I contains
2unit/kg of vitamin A and 1unit/kg of vitamin C, while food II contains I unit/kg of
vitamin A and 2unit/kg of vitamin C. It cost Rs.5.00 per kg to purchase food I and
Rs.7.00 per kg to produce food II. Determine the minimum cost of the mixture.
Formulate the LPP and solve it. Why a person should take balanced food?

2.

A dietician wants to develop diet using two foods X and Y. Each packet (contains 30 g)
of food X contains 12 units of calcium, 4 units of iron, 6 units of cholesterol and 6
units of vitamin A. Each packet of the same quantity of food Y contains 3 units of
calcium, 20 units of iron, 4 units of cholesterol and 3 units of vitamin A. The diet
requires at least 240 units of calcium, at least 460 units of iron and at most 300 units of
cholesterol. Make as LPP to find how many packets of each food should be used to
minimize the amount of vitamin A in the diet, and solve it graphically.

3.

A farmer has a supply of chemical fertilizers of type A which contains 10% nitrogen
and 6% phosphoric acid and type B contains 5% of nitrogen and 10% of phosphoric
acid. After soil testing it is found that at least 7kg of nitrogen and same quantity of
phosphoric acid is required for a good crop. The fertilizers of type A and type B cost
Rs.5 and Rs.8 per kilograms respectively. Using L .P.P, find how many kgs of each type
of fertilizers should be bought to meet the requirement and cost be minimum solve the
problem graphically. What are the side effects of using excessive fertilizers?
Vikas has been given two lists of problems from his mathematics teacher with the
instructions to submit not more than 100 of them correctly solved for marks. The
problems in the first list are worth 10 marks each and those in the second list are worth 5
marks each. Vikas knows from past experience that he requires on an average of 4
minutes to solve a problem of 10 marks and 2 minutes to solve a problem of 5 marks.
He has other subjects to worry about; he cannot devote more than 4 hours to his

4.

mathematics assignment. With reference to manage his time in best possible way how
many problems from each list shall he do to maximize his marks? What is the
importance of time management for students?
5.

6.

7.

1.

2.

An NGO is helping the poor people of earthquake hit village by providing medicines. In
order to do this they set up a plant to prepare two medicines A and B. There is sufficient
raw material available to make 20000 bottles of medicine A and 40000 bottles of
medicine B but there are 45000 bottles into which either of the medicine can be put.
Further it takes 3 hours to prepare enough material to fill 1000 bottles of medicine A
and takes 1 hour to prepare enough material to fill 1000 bottles of medicine B and there
are 66 hours available for the operation. If the bottle of medicine A is used for 8 patients
and bottle of medicine B is used for 7 patients. How the NGO should plan his
production to cover maximum patients? How can you help others in case of natural
disaster
A dietician wishes to mix two types of foods in such a way that the vitamin content of
the mixture contains at least 8 units of vitamin A and 10 units of vitamin C. Food I
contains 2 units/kg of vitamin A and 1 units/kg of vitamin C while Food II contains
1unit/kg of vitamin A and 2 units/kg of vitamin C. It costs `5 per kg to purchase Food I
and`7 per kg to purchase Food II. Determine the minimum cost of such a mixture.
Formulate the above as a LPP and solve it graphically.
Cottage industry manufactures pedestal lamps and wooden shades, each requiring the
use of grinding/cutting machine and a sprayer. It takes 2 hours on the grinding/cutting
machine and 3 hours on the sprayer to manufacture a pedestal lamp. It takes one hour on
the grinding/cutting machine and 2 hours on the sprayer to manufacture a shade. On any
day, the sprayer is available for at the most 20 hours and the grinding/cutting machine
for at the most 12 hours. The profit from the sale of a lamp is ` 5 and that from a shade
is ` 3. Assuming that the manufacturer can sell all the lamps and shades that he
produces, how should he schedule his daily production in order to maximize his profit?
Make an L.P.P. and solve it graphically.
LEVEL - 3
An oil company has two depots A and B with capacities of 7000 L and 4000 L
respectively. The company is to supply oil to three petrol pumps D, E and F
whose requirements are 4500 L, 3000 L and 3500 L respectively. The distances
between the depots and the petrol pumps is given in the following table
Distance in (Km)
From/To
A
B
D
7
3
E
6
4
F
3
2
Assuming that the transportation cost of 10 L of oil is Rs1per km, how should the
deliverybescheduled in order that the transportation cost is minimum? What is the
minimum cost?
A manufacturing company makes 2 Models A and of a product .Eachpiece of Model A
requires 9 labour hours for Fabricating and 1 labour hour for finishing.Each piece is of
Model B requires 12 labour hours for fabricating and 3 labour hours for finishing. For
fabricating and finishing the maximum labour hours available are 180 and 30
respectively. The company makes a profit of Rs 8000 on each piece of model A and Rs
12000 on each piece of Model B . How many pieces of Model A and Model B should be
manufactured per week to realize a maximum profit? What is the maximum profit per
week

3.

An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs 1000 is made on

each executive class ticket and a profit of Rs 600 is made on each economy class ticket.
The airline reserves at least 20 seats for executive class .However,at least 4 times as
many passengers prefer to travel by economy class than by the executive class.
Determine how many tickets of each type must be sold in order to maximize the profit
for the airline. What is the maximum profit?

4.

Every gram of wheat provides 0.1 gram of protein and 0.25 gram of carbohydrates .The
corresponding values for rice are 0.05 gm and 0.5 g respectively. Wheat costs Rs 4 per Kg
and rice Rs 6 per Kg. The minimum daily requirement of protein and carbohydrates for an
average child are50gm 200gm respectively. In what quantities should wheat rice be mixed
in the daily diet to provide minimum daily requirement of proteins and
Carbohydrates at minimum cost. Form an L P P and solve graphically

5.

If a class XII student aged 17 years, rides his motor cycle at 40km/hr, the petrol cost is Rs.
2 per km. If he rides at a speed of 70km/hr, the petrol cost increases Rs.7per km. He has
Rs.100 to spend on petrol and wishes to cover the maximum distance within one hour.
(a). Express this as an L .P.P and solve graphically.
(b )What is benefit of driving at an economical speed?
(c) Should a child below 18years be allowed to drive a motorcycle? Give reasons.

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS:

1.

2.

3.

4.

If a class XII student aged 17 years, rides his motor cycle at 40km/hr, the petrol cost is Rs. 2 per km.
If he rides at a speed of 70km/hr, the petrol cost increases Rs.7per km. He has Rs.100 to spend on
petrol and wishes to cover the maximum distance within one hour.
(a).
Express this as an L .P.P and solve graphically.
(b )
What is benefit of driving at an economical speed?
(c)
Should a child below 18years be allowed to drive a motorcycle? Give reasons.
A manufacturing company makes two types of teaching aids A and B of mathematics for class
XII. Each type of A requires 9 labour hours for fabricating and 1 labour hour for finishing. Each
type of B requires 12 labour hours for fabricating and 3 labour hours for finishing. For fabricating
and finishing, the maximum labour hours available are 180 and 30 respectively. The company
makes a profit of Rs. 80/- on each piece of type A andRs. 120/- on each type B. How many pieces of
type A and B should be manufactured per week to get a maximum profit? What is the maximum
profit per week?
Is teaching aid necessary for teaching learning process? If yes, justify your answer.
A village has 500 hectares of land to grow two types of plants, X and d Y. The contributions of
total amount of oxygen produced by plant X and plant Y are 60 % and 40 % per hectare
respectively. To control weeds, a liquid herbicide has to be used for X and Y at rates of 20 litres
and 10 litres per hectare, respectively. Further no more than 8000 litres of herbicides should be used
in order to protect aquatic animals in a pond which collects drainage from this land. How much
land should be allocated to each crop so as to maximize the total production of oxygen?
(i)
How do you think excess use of herbicides affects our environment?
(ii)
What are the general implications of this question towards planting trees around us?
In order to supplement daily diet, a person wishes to take some X and some Y tables. The
contents of iron, calcium and vitamins in X and Y ( in milligrams per tablet) are given below.

Tablets
X
Y

Iron
6
2

Calcium
3
3

Vitamins
2
4

The person needs at least 18 milligrams of iron, 21 milligrams of calcium and 16 milligrams of
vitamins. The price of each tablet of X and Y is Rs. 2/- and Rs.1/- respectively. How many
tablets of each should the person take in order to satisfy the above requirement at the minimum cost?
Do you agree with the message that the nutrients are needful for good health?