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Location: L3 A13
T9
T8
T7
T6
T5
Boil-up
rate
(L/h)
Pressure drop
1
2
3
Average
Degree of foaming
on T5
0.50
0.65
0.80
0.95
1.10
2. From the temperatures, estimate and tabulate liquid and vapour compositions at T5, T8, T9,
assuming equilibrium conditions. At which reboiler duties is this assumption valid?
3. From the refractive index and using the calibration curve provided, determine the molar
fractions of methanol and of water in the 5 mixtures collected at the top of the column.
4. For each of the 5 reboiler duties, use top and bottom compositions to draw the McCabeThiele constructions, then identify the number of theoretical stages and the overall column
efficiencies.
Hints:
- Identify which compositions you will use as column top (xD) and bottom (xW);
- Consider whether the reboiler should be included in the calculation of column efficiency.
5. Using the volumetric liquid boil-up rate (V in L/h) and the molar compositions at the top of
the column, determine the vapour velocities (V in m/s) inside the column, for each of the 5
reboiler duties.
6. On separate graphs, plot the overall column efficiency, the average pressure drop and the
top product composition in function of the vapour velocity (plot log P vs log V). On the
graphs, identify the regions where extreme conditions occur (flooding, weeping). Identify
the optimum vapour velocity and reboiler duty for this column.
6. Discussion
Compare compositions estimated by using the temperature at the top of the column, and by
using refractive index measurement of the collected sample. Discuss any differences observed,
and justify the values of x D and xW chosen to draw the McCabe-Thiele diagram and to perform
calculation of V.
Describe the relationship between vapour velocity and pressure drop and compare with
expected variations for sieved trays.
Describe the relationship between vapour rate and overall column efficiency and explain why
the column efficiency decreases above and below the optimum boil-up rate value. Hint: relate
to the weeping / foaming / entrainment / flooding situation on the trays.
7. Conclusions: Summarise your findings.
8. References
Attached: T-x-y and x-y diagrams for methanol/water at 1 atm; calibration curve refractive
index vs mol percent methanol in the methanol / water mixture (at room temperature).