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GSM System
Services
- Telephone services
- Data services
- Short message paging
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2.
3.
Interface
Location Management
TDMA/FDMA/FDD
Uses both TDMA and FDMA to transmit and recover
information.
Systems are FDD.
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HLR
PSTN
BSC1
MSC/
VLR
BSC3
Loca
tion U
pdate
Pa
gin
g
ing
Pag
Pagin
g
BSC2
MSC/
VLR
LA 3
LA 1
Legends
:
10
LA 2
10
10
/ Moving/Still MSs;
BSC Base Station Controller;
Base Transceiver Station;
Current GSM Location Management Scheme. A service area comprises of 9 cells are
partitioned into 3 static LA, each having 4, 2 and 3 cells, respectively.
(10 + 10 + 10 + 10) 4
= 160
10
(20 + 20) 2
= 80
20
20
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LA2
BC = 20
C = 10
CB = 20
BA = 30
AB = 30
BD = 20
DB = 20 = 10
DC
DE = 20
AD = 20
A = 20
CD = 10 CE = 15
DA = 20
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D = 20
EC = 15
ED = 20
F = 10
E
National University of Singapore
Frequency domain
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Time domain
Multiframe
26 frames (traffic or speech ~): Traffic CHannel (TCH),
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TCH/F4.8
TCH/F2.4
TCH/H4.8
TCH/H2.4
- TCH data may not be sent in TS0 within a TDMA frame
on certain ARFCNs which serve as the broadcast
station (control burst) for every frame. Furthermore,
frames of TCH data are broken up every thirteenth
frame by SACCH or idle frame.
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T11
Control multiframe
2.
3.
2.
3.
2.
3.
Assume that the mobile 2 was allocated TS2 and he is close to the BS and
that mobile 1 has been allocated TS1 and is at the boundary of the cell site.
Due to higher distance resulting in large propagation delay, the transmitted
Institute for Infocomm Research
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signal of mobile 1 during TS1 reaches the BS later. If no action is taken, this
will overlap with other transmission slots.
The only solution is that the MS advances its emission relative to its
reception by a time corresponding to and from propagation delay. This
value is call the timing advance. The timing advance value can be computed
by the BTS and is then provided to the MS through signaling. The
maximum timing advance of 233us (6 bits data) is adequate for MS to be up
to 35 km from the BS, which is the maximum allowable cell radius of the
GSM systems.
2.
3.
3.
4.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
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2.
Mobile-Assisted handover
There are four purposes for handover
(1) rescue low-quality channel
(2)
(3)
(4)
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(2)
(3)
Speech coding
(2)
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For TCH/F.9.6,
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Modulation
0.3 GMSK.
The channel data rate of GSM is 270.833333 kbps
Interleaving
- To minimize the effect of sudden fades on the received
data, the total of 456 encoded bits within each 20 ms
speech frame or control message frame are broken
into eight 57 bit sub-blocks. These 8 subblocks which
make up a single speech frame are spread over eight
consecutive TCH time slots.
- If a burst is lost due to interference or fading,
interleaved data will help to spread the effect over a
few error-correction-frames. Hopefully channel coding
ensures that enough bits will still be received
correctly.
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Frequency hopping
- Under normal conditions, each data burst belonging to a
particular physical channel is transmitted using the
same carrier frequency.
- If users in a particular cell have severe multipath
problems, the cell may be defined as a hopping cell by
the network operator.
- Frequency hopping is carried out on a frame-by-frame
basis, thus hopping occurs at a maximum rate of 216.7
hops per second (1/0.004615 frame rate). As many as
64 different channels may be used before a hopping
sequence is repeated.
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33.854kbps.
Number of bits/slot = 33.854x4.615 = 156.25 bits
(148+8.25 guard time)
For each TDMA slot in each frame, 114 bits are
transmitted, and only 24 data frames per 26 frames are
transmitting, therefore the vocoder output rate =
114/0.004615 x 24/26 = 22.8kbps
However, of the 114 data bits in a slot, only 65 are raw
speech codec bits
Raw data rate = 22.8*65/114=13 kbps
Or 65 bits in 20ms = 13 kbps
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