Havighurst

Author of Human Development

and Education (1957)
Wrote of developmental tasks children
need to go through in elementary school
in order for learning to occur
Dont have to go through them in a
specific order (not hierarchical)

Havighursts Developmental Tasks

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

6.
7.

Developing a satisfactory self concept

Learning to get along with peers
Learning his or her appropriate sex role
Development of skills in reading,
communicating, and using numbers
Developing social and scientific concepts
Development of values and attitudes
Development of self-direction

So what?
Some kids cant get through a
developmental task, so you match them
to books
Use books to move a child through one
developmental task to another
Doesnt matter if the child likes the book
or not you are using the book to move
the child from point A to point B

Maslow
Hierarchy of basic human needs
Must satisfy them in order (opposite
of Havighurst)
Certain needs must be met for real
learning to occur

Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.

7.

Physiological needs
Safety needs
Belonging needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualization
Need to know and understand
Aesthetic needs

So what?
Find a child having trouble with one of
these needs match them to a book
Doesnt matter if they like the book, point
is youre using the book to move them
from point A to point B

Kohlberg Moral Development and

Childrens Books

Researched moral dilemmas and how

we solved them
Can give students Kohlberg-type
dilemma. Ask them to write how they
would solve it, then scale their
responses

Kohlbergs Stages

Level 1 - Preconventional Morality

1) Stage 1 Obedience and Punishment
Orientation what can I do to avoid getting
in trouble
2) Stage 2 Child moves from threat of
punishment and thinks of rewards (selfcentered)

Kohlbergs Stages
Level

2 Conventional Morality

1) Stage 3 Role playing situation (How can I

solve this problem so people will say, good
boy?
2) Stage 4 Respect for authority (secular or
religious) seeking praise from priest,
minister, police, etc.

Kohlbergs Stages
Level

3 Post Conventional Morality

1) Stage 5 traditional liberal (realizes there

are bad laws)
2) Stage 6 No law above sanctity of human
life (opposes war so no longer lives in USA,
willing to put life on the line)

So what?
As with Havighurst, not as concerned
with kid liking book
Point is to move them from point A to
point B